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Qian L, Zhu Y, Deng C, Liang Z, Chen J, Chen Y, Wang X, Liu Y, Tian Y, Yang Y. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 (PGC-1) family in physiological and pathophysiological process and diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:50. [PMID: 38424050 PMCID: PMC10904817 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01756-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 (PGC-1) family (PGC-1s), consisting of three members encompassing PGC-1α, PGC-1β, and PGC-1-related coactivator (PRC), was discovered more than a quarter-century ago. PGC-1s are essential coordinators of many vital cellular events, including mitochondrial functions, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis, and inflammation. Accumulating evidence has shown that PGC-1s are implicated in many diseases, such as cancers, cardiac diseases and cardiovascular diseases, neurological disorders, kidney diseases, motor system diseases, and metabolic disorders. Examining the upstream modulators and co-activated partners of PGC-1s and identifying critical biological events modulated by downstream effectors of PGC-1s contribute to the presentation of the elaborate network of PGC-1s. Furthermore, discussing the correlation between PGC-1s and diseases as well as summarizing the therapy targeting PGC-1s helps make individualized and precise intervention methods. In this review, we summarize basic knowledge regarding the PGC-1s family as well as the molecular regulatory network, discuss the physio-pathological roles of PGC-1s in human diseases, review the application of PGC-1s, including the diagnostic and prognostic value of PGC-1s and several therapies in pre-clinical studies, and suggest several directions for future investigations. This review presents the immense potential of targeting PGC-1s in the treatment of diseases and hopefully facilitates the promotion of PGC-1s as new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Qian
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710021, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research for Heart Failure, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Yanli Zhu
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710021, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research for Heart Failure, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Chao Deng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Zhenxing Liang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshe East, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Junmin Chen
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710021, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research for Heart Failure, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Yanqing Liu
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710021, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research for Heart Failure, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Ye Tian
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710021, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research for Heart Failure, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710021, China.
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research for Heart Failure, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China.
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2
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Chandrasekaran P, Weiskirchen R. The Role of Obesity in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus-An Overview. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1882. [PMID: 38339160 PMCID: PMC10855901 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity or excessive weight gain is identified as the most important and significant risk factor in the development and progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) in all age groups. It has reached pandemic dimensions, making the treatment of obesity crucial in the prevention and management of type 2 DM worldwide. Multiple clinical studies have demonstrated that moderate and sustained weight loss can improve blood glucose levels, insulin action and reduce the need for diabetic medications. A combined approach of diet, exercise and lifestyle modifications can successfully reduce obesity and subsequently ameliorate the ill effects and deadly complications of DM. This approach also helps largely in the prevention, control and remission of DM. Obesity and DM are chronic diseases that are increasing globally, requiring new approaches to manage and prevent diabetes in obese individuals. Therefore, it is essential to understand the mechanistic link between the two and design a comprehensive approach to increase life expectancy and improve the quality of life in patients with type 2 DM and obesity. This literature review provides explicit information on the clinical definitions of obesity and type 2 DM, the incidence and prevalence of type 2 DM in obese individuals, the indispensable role of obesity in the pathophysiology of type 2 DM and their mechanistic link. It also discusses clinical studies and outlines the recent management approaches for the treatment of these associated conditions. Additionally, in vivo studies on obesity and type 2 DM are discussed here as they pave the way for more rigorous development of therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preethi Chandrasekaran
- UT Southwestern Medical Center Dallas, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd. ND10.504, Dallas, TX 75390-9014, USA
| | - Ralf Weiskirchen
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH), University Hospital Aachen, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
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3
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Mihaylov SR, Castelli LM, Lin YH, Gül A, Soni N, Hastings C, Flynn HR, Păun O, Dickman MJ, Snijders AP, Goldstone R, Bandmann O, Shelkovnikova TA, Mortiboys H, Ultanir SK, Hautbergue GM. The master energy homeostasis regulator PGC-1α exhibits an mRNA nuclear export function. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5496. [PMID: 37679383 PMCID: PMC10485026 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41304-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
PGC-1α plays a central role in maintaining mitochondrial and energy metabolism homeostasis, linking external stimuli to transcriptional co-activation of genes involved in adaptive and age-related pathways. The carboxyl-terminus encodes a serine/arginine-rich (RS) region and an RNA recognition motif, however the RNA-processing function(s) were poorly investigated over the past 20 years. Here, we show that the RS domain of human PGC-1α directly interacts with RNA and the nuclear RNA export receptor NXF1. Inducible depletion of PGC-1α and expression of RNAi-resistant RS-deleted PGC-1α further demonstrate that its RNA/NXF1-binding activity is required for the nuclear export of some canonical mitochondrial-related mRNAs and mitochondrial homeostasis. Genome-wide investigations reveal that the nuclear export function is not strictly linked to promoter-binding, identifying in turn novel regulatory targets of PGC-1α in non-homologous end-joining and nucleocytoplasmic transport. These findings provide new directions to further elucidate the roles of PGC-1α in gene expression, metabolic disorders, aging and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simeon R Mihaylov
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, 385 Glossop Road, Sheffield, S10 2HQ, UK
- Kinases and Brain Development Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Lydia M Castelli
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, 385 Glossop Road, Sheffield, S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Ya-Hui Lin
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, 385 Glossop Road, Sheffield, S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Aytac Gül
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, 385 Glossop Road, Sheffield, S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Nikita Soni
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, 385 Glossop Road, Sheffield, S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Christopher Hastings
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, 385 Glossop Road, Sheffield, S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Helen R Flynn
- Proteomics Science Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Oana Păun
- Neural Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Mark J Dickman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Ambrosius P Snijders
- Proteomics Science Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
- Life Science Mass Spectrometry, Bruker Daltonics, Banner Lane, Coventry, CV4 9GH, UK
| | - Robert Goldstone
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Science and Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Oliver Bandmann
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, 385 Glossop Road, Sheffield, S10 2HQ, UK
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
- Healthy Lifespan Institute (HELSI), University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Tatyana A Shelkovnikova
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, 385 Glossop Road, Sheffield, S10 2HQ, UK
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Heather Mortiboys
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, 385 Glossop Road, Sheffield, S10 2HQ, UK
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
- Healthy Lifespan Institute (HELSI), University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Sila K Ultanir
- Kinases and Brain Development Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Guillaume M Hautbergue
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, 385 Glossop Road, Sheffield, S10 2HQ, UK.
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK.
- Healthy Lifespan Institute (HELSI), University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK.
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Béland-Millar A, Kirby A, Truong Y, Ouellette J, Yandiev S, Bouyakdan K, Pileggi C, Naz S, Yin M, Carrier M, Kotchetkov P, St-Pierre MK, Tremblay MÈ, Courchet J, Harper ME, Alquier T, Messier C, Shuhendler AJ, Lacoste B. 16p11.2 haploinsufficiency reduces mitochondrial biogenesis in brain endothelial cells and alters brain metabolism in adult mice. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112485. [PMID: 37149866 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurovascular abnormalities in mouse models of 16p11.2 deletion autism syndrome are reminiscent of alterations reported in murine models of glucose transporter deficiency, including reduced brain angiogenesis and behavioral alterations. Yet, whether cerebrovascular alterations in 16p11.2df/+ mice affect brain metabolism is unknown. Here, we report that anesthetized 16p11.2df/+ mice display elevated brain glucose uptake, a phenomenon recapitulated in mice with endothelial-specific 16p11.2 haplodeficiency. Awake 16p11.2df/+ mice display attenuated relative fluctuations of extracellular brain glucose following systemic glucose administration. Targeted metabolomics on cerebral cortex extracts reveals enhanced metabolic responses to systemic glucose in 16p11.2df/+ mice that also display reduced mitochondria number in brain endothelial cells. This is not associated with changes in mitochondria fusion or fission proteins, but 16p11.2df/+ brain endothelial cells lack the splice variant NT-PGC-1α, suggesting defective mitochondrial biogenesis. We propose that altered brain metabolism in 16p11.2df/+ mice is compensatory to endothelial dysfunction, shedding light on previously unknown adaptative responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandria Béland-Millar
- Neuroscience Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada; School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Alexia Kirby
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Yen Truong
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Julie Ouellette
- Neuroscience Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Sozerko Yandiev
- University Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Khalil Bouyakdan
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Department of Medicine Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Chantal Pileggi
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry Microbiology and Immunology, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Shama Naz
- University of Ottawa Metabolomics Core Facility, Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Melissa Yin
- FUJIFILM VisualSonics, Inc, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Micaël Carrier
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Pavel Kotchetkov
- Neuroscience Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Marie-Ève Tremblay
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada; Neurology and Neurosurgery Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Julien Courchet
- University Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Mary-Ellen Harper
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry Microbiology and Immunology, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Thierry Alquier
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Department of Medicine Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Claude Messier
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Adam J Shuhendler
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Baptiste Lacoste
- Neuroscience Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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5
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Malik N, Ferreira BI, Hollstein PE, Curtis SD, Trefts E, Novak SW, Yu J, Gilson R, Hellberg K, Fang L, Sheridan A, Hah N, Shadel GS, Manor U, Shaw RJ. Induction of lysosomal and mitochondrial biogenesis by AMPK phosphorylation of FNIP1. Science 2023; 380:eabj5559. [PMID: 37079666 PMCID: PMC10794112 DOI: 10.1126/science.abj5559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Cells respond to mitochondrial poisons with rapid activation of the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), causing acute metabolic changes through phosphorylation and prolonged adaptation of metabolism through transcriptional effects. Transcription factor EB (TFEB) is a major effector of AMPK that increases expression of lysosome genes in response to energetic stress, but how AMPK activates TFEB remains unresolved. We demonstrate that AMPK directly phosphorylates five conserved serine residues in folliculin-interacting protein 1 (FNIP1), suppressing the function of the folliculin (FLCN)-FNIP1 complex. FNIP1 phosphorylation is required for AMPK to induce nuclear translocation of TFEB and TFEB-dependent increases of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1α) and estrogen-related receptor alpha (ERRα) messenger RNAs. Thus, mitochondrial damage triggers AMPK-FNIP1-dependent nuclear translocation of TFEB, inducing sequential waves of lysosomal and mitochondrial biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazma Malik
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Bibiana I. Ferreira
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Pablo E. Hollstein
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Stephanie D. Curtis
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Elijah Trefts
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sammy Weiser Novak
- Biophotonics Core, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jingting Yu
- Bioinformatics Core, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Rebecca Gilson
- Biophotonics Core, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kristina Hellberg
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Lingjing Fang
- Biophotonics Core, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Arlo Sheridan
- Biophotonics Core, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nasun Hah
- Next Generation Sequencing Core, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Gerald S. Shadel
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Uri Manor
- Biophotonics Core, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Reuben J. Shaw
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
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6
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Lau KH, Waldhart AN, Dykstra H, Avequin T, Wu N. PPARγ and C/EBPα response to acute cold stress in brown adipose tissue. iScience 2022; 26:105848. [PMID: 36624847 PMCID: PMC9823219 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) has the ability to burn calories as heat. Utilizing BAT thermogenesis is thus an attractive way to combat obesity. However, the transcriptional network resulting in the lipid synthesis to oxidation shift during thermogenesis is not completely understood. Here, we report the regulation of two master regulators of adipogenesis, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBPα), during acute cold stress in BAT. We found PPARγ dissociates from DNA in a fifth of its binding sites and these include Cebpa enhancers, leading to decreased C/EBPα expression. This dissociation requires PPARγ binding to activating ligands and is thus modulated by diet. Meanwhile, PPARα also detaches from DNA, and co-activator PGC1α associates with ERRα as part of a transcriptional network regulating lipid metabolism. Subsequent global replacement of C/EBPα by C/EBPβ and its associated transcriptional machinery is required for upregulation of structural lipid synthesis despite general upregulation of fatty acid oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kin H. Lau
- Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | | | | | | | - Ning Wu
- Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA,Corresponding author
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7
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Chu SS, Nguyen HA, Zhang J, Tabassum S, Cao H. Towards Multiplexed and Multimodal Biosensor Platforms in Real-Time Monitoring of Metabolic Disorders. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:5200. [PMID: 35890880 PMCID: PMC9323394 DOI: 10.3390/s22145200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a cluster of conditions that increases the probability of heart disease, stroke, and diabetes, and is very common worldwide. While the exact cause of MS has yet to be understood, there is evidence indicating the relationship between MS and the dysregulation of the immune system. The resultant biomarkers that are expressed in the process are gaining relevance in the early detection of related MS. However, sensing only a single analyte has its limitations because one analyte can be involved with various conditions. Thus, for MS, which generally results from the co-existence of multiple complications, a multi-analyte sensing platform is necessary for precise diagnosis. In this review, we summarize various types of biomarkers related to MS and the non-invasively accessible biofluids that are available for sensing. Then two types of widely used sensing platform, the electrochemical and optical, are discussed in terms of multimodal biosensing, figure-of-merit (FOM), sensitivity, and specificity for early diagnosis of MS. This provides a thorough insight into the current status of the available platforms and how the electrochemical and optical modalities can complement each other for a more reliable sensing platform for MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Sik Chu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; (S.S.C.); (J.Z.)
| | - Hung Anh Nguyen
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA;
| | - Jimmy Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; (S.S.C.); (J.Z.)
| | - Shawana Tabassum
- Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Texas at Tyler, Tyler, TX 75799, USA
| | - Hung Cao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; (S.S.C.); (J.Z.)
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA;
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8
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Lee S, Benvie AM, Park HG, Spektor R, Harlan B, Brenna JT, Berry DC, Soloway PD. Remodeling of gene regulatory networks underlying thermogenic stimuli-induced adipose beiging. Commun Biol 2022; 5:584. [PMID: 35701601 PMCID: PMC9197980 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03531-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Beige adipocytes are induced by cold temperatures or β3-adrenergic receptor (Adrb3) agonists. They create heat through glucose and fatty acid (FA) oxidation, conferring metabolic benefits. The distinct and shared mechanisms by which these treatments induce beiging are unknown. Here, we perform single-nucleus assay for transposase-accessible chromatin sequencing (snATAC-seq) on adipose tissue from mice exposed to cold or an Adrb3 agonist to identify cellular and chromatin accessibility dynamics during beiging. Both stimuli induce chromatin remodeling that influence vascularization and inflammation in adipose. Beige adipocytes from cold-exposed mice have increased accessibility at genes regulating glycolytic processes, whereas Adrb3 activation increases cAMP responses. While both thermogenic stimuli increase accessibility at genes regulating thermogenesis, lipogenesis, and beige adipocyte development, the kinetics and magnitudes of the changes are distinct for the stimuli. Accessibility changes at lipogenic genes are linked to functional changes in lipid composition of adipose. Both stimuli tend to decrease the proportion of palmitic acids, a saturated FA in adipose. However, Adrb3 activation increases the proportion of monounsaturated FAs, whereas cold increases the proportion of polyunsaturated FAs. These findings reveal common and distinct mechanisms of cold and Adrb3 induced beige adipocyte biogenesis, and identify unique functional consequences of manipulating these pathways in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seoyeon Lee
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, NY, USA
| | - Abigail M Benvie
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hui Gyu Park
- Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Departments of Chemistry, Pediatrics, and Nutrition, Dell Medical School and the College of Natural Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Roman Spektor
- Field of Genetics, Genomics, and Development, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, NY, USA
| | - Blaine Harlan
- Field of Genetics, Genomics, and Development, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, NY, USA
| | - J Thomas Brenna
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, NY, USA
- Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Departments of Chemistry, Pediatrics, and Nutrition, Dell Medical School and the College of Natural Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Daniel C Berry
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paul D Soloway
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, NY, USA.
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9
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Taylor DF, Bishop DJ. Transcription Factor Movement and Exercise-Induced Mitochondrial Biogenesis in Human Skeletal Muscle: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1517. [PMID: 35163441 PMCID: PMC8836245 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In response to exercise, the oxidative capacity of mitochondria within skeletal muscle increases through the coordinated expression of mitochondrial proteins in a process termed mitochondrial biogenesis. Controlling the expression of mitochondrial proteins are transcription factors-a group of proteins that regulate messenger RNA transcription from DNA in the nucleus and mitochondria. To fulfil other functions or to limit gene expression, transcription factors are often localised away from DNA to different subcellular compartments and undergo rapid movement or accumulation only when required. Although many transcription factors involved in exercise-induced mitochondrial biogenesis have been identified, numerous conflicting findings and gaps exist within our knowledge of their subcellular movement. This review aims to summarise and provide a critical analysis of the published literature regarding the exercise-induced movement of transcription factors involved in mitochondria biogenesis in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David J. Bishop
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Footscray Park, Victoria University, Melbourne 8001, Australia;
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10
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Park CH, Moon J, Park M, Cheng H, Lee J, Chang JS. Protein Kinase SGK2 Is Induced by the β 3 Adrenergic Receptor-cAMP-PKA-PGC-1α/NT-PGC-1α Axis but Dispensable for Brown/Beige Adipose Tissue Thermogenesis. Front Physiol 2021; 12:780312. [PMID: 34899399 PMCID: PMC8657153 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.780312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Brown and beige adipocytes are specialized to dissipate energy as heat. Sgk2, encoding a serine/threonine kinase, has been identified as a brown and beige adipocyte-specific gene in rodents and humans; however, its function in brown/beige adipocytes remains unraveled. Here, we examined the regulation and role of Sgk2 in brown/beige adipose tissue thermogenesis. We found that transcriptional coactivators PGC-1α and NT-PGC-1α activated by the β3 adrenergic receptor-cAMP-PKA pathway are recruited to the Sgk2 promoter, triggering Sgk2 transcription in response to cold. SGK2 elevation was closely associated with increased serine/threonine phosphorylation of proteins carrying the consensus RxRxxS/T phosphorylation site. However, despite cold-dependent activation of SGK2, mice lacking Sgk2 exhibited normal cold tolerance at 4°C. In addition, Sgk2+/+ and Sgk2−/− mice induced comparable increases in energy expenditure during pharmacological activation of brown and beige adipose tissue with a β3AR agonist. In vitro loss- and gain-of-function studies further demonstrated that Sgk2 ablation or activation does not alter thermogenic gene expression and mitochondrial respiration in brown adipocytes. Collectively, our results reveal a new signaling component SGK2, although dispensable for cold-induced thermogenesis that adds an additional layer of complexity to the β3AR signaling network in brown/beige adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chul-Hong Park
- Gene Regulation and Metabolism Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Jiyoung Moon
- Gene Regulation and Metabolism Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Minsung Park
- Gene Regulation and Metabolism Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Helia Cheng
- Gene Regulation and Metabolism Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Jisu Lee
- Gene Regulation and Metabolism Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Ji Suk Chang
- Gene Regulation and Metabolism Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
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11
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Ramirez Reyes JMJ, Cuesta R, Pause A. Folliculin: A Regulator of Transcription Through AMPK and mTOR Signaling Pathways. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:667311. [PMID: 33981707 PMCID: PMC8107286 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.667311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Folliculin (FLCN) is a tumor suppressor gene responsible for the inherited Birt-Hogg-Dubé (BHD) syndrome, which affects kidneys, skin and lungs. FLCN is a highly conserved protein that forms a complex with folliculin interacting proteins 1 and 2 (FNIP1/2). Although its sequence does not show homology to known functional domains, structural studies have determined a role of FLCN as a GTPase activating protein (GAP) for small GTPases such as Rag GTPases. FLCN GAP activity on the Rags is required for the recruitment of mTORC1 and the transcriptional factors TFEB and TFE3 on the lysosome, where mTORC1 phosphorylates and inactivates these factors. TFEB/TFE3 are master regulators of lysosomal biogenesis and function, and autophagy. By this mechanism, FLCN/FNIP complex participates in the control of metabolic processes. AMPK, a key regulator of catabolism, interacts with FLCN/FNIP complex. FLCN loss results in constitutive activation of AMPK, which suggests an additional mechanism by which FLCN/FNIP may control metabolism. AMPK regulates the expression and activity of the transcriptional cofactors PGC1α/β, implicated in the control of mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative metabolism. In this review, we summarize our current knowledge of the interplay between mTORC1, FLCN/FNIP, and AMPK and their implications in the control of cellular homeostasis through the transcriptional activity of TFEB/TFE3 and PGC1α/β. Other pathways and cellular processes regulated by FLCN will be briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josué M. J. Ramirez Reyes
- Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Rafael Cuesta
- Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Arnim Pause
- Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
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12
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Reguero M, Gómez de Cedrón M, Reglero G, Quintela JC, Ramírez de Molina A. Natural Extracts to Augment Energy Expenditure as a Complementary Approach to Tackle Obesity and Associated Metabolic Alterations. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11030412. [PMID: 33802173 PMCID: PMC7999034 DOI: 10.3390/biom11030412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is the epidemic of the 21st century. In developing countries, the prevalence of obesity continues to rise, and obesity is occurring at younger ages. Obesity and associated metabolic stress disrupt the whole-body physiology. Adipocytes are critical components of the systemic metabolic control, functioning as an endocrine organ. The enlarged adipocytes during obesity recruit macrophages promoting chronic inflammation and insulin resistance. Together with the genetic susceptibility (single nucleotide polymorphisms, SNP) and metabolic alterations at the molecular level, it has been highlighted that key modifiable risk factors, such as those related to lifestyle, contribute to the development of obesity. In this scenario, urgent therapeutic options are needed, including not only pharmacotherapy but also nutrients, bioactive compounds, and natural extracts to reverse the metabolic alterations associated with obesity. Herein, we first summarize the main targetable processes to tackle obesity, including activation of thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and in white adipose tissue (WAT-browning), and the promotion of energy expenditure and/or fatty acid oxidation (FAO) in muscles. Then, we perform a screening of 20 natural extracts (EFSA approved) to determine their potential in the activation of FAO and/or thermogenesis, as well as the increase in respiratory capacity. By means of innovative technologies, such as the study of their effects on cell bioenergetics (Seahorse bioanalyzer), we end up with the selection of four extracts with potential application to ameliorate the deleterious effects of obesity and the chronic associated inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Reguero
- Molecular Oncology Group, Precision Nutrition and Health, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Ctra. de Cantoblanco 8, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
- NATAC BIOTECH, Electronica 7, 28923 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Marta Gómez de Cedrón
- Molecular Oncology Group, Precision Nutrition and Health, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Ctra. de Cantoblanco 8, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
- Correspondence: (M.G.d.C.); (A.R.d.M.)
| | - Guillermo Reglero
- Production and Characterization of Novel Foods Department, Institute of Food Science Research CIAL, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | | | - Ana Ramírez de Molina
- Molecular Oncology Group, Precision Nutrition and Health, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Ctra. de Cantoblanco 8, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
- Correspondence: (M.G.d.C.); (A.R.d.M.)
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13
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Kim J, Moon J, Park CH, Lee J, Cheng H, Floyd ZE, Chang JS. NT-PGC-1α deficiency attenuates high-fat diet-induced obesity by modulating food intake, fecal fat excretion and intestinal fat absorption. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1323. [PMID: 33446719 PMCID: PMC7809341 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79823-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcriptional coactivator PGC-1α and its splice variant NT-PGC-1α regulate metabolic adaptation by modulating many gene programs. Selective ablation of PGC-1α attenuates diet-induced obesity through enhancing fatty acid oxidation and thermogenesis by upregulation of NT-PGC-1α in brown adipose tissue (BAT). Recently, we have shown that selective ablation of NT-PGC-1α reduces fatty acid oxidation in BAT. Thus, the objective of this study was to test our hypothesis that NT-PGC-1α−/− mice would be more prone to diet-induced obesity. Male and female NT-PGC-1α+/+ (WT) and NT-PGC-1α−/− mice were fed a regular chow or 60% high-fat (HF) diet for 16 weeks. Contrary to our expectations, both male and female NT-PGC-1α−/− mice fed HFD were protected from diet-induced obesity, with more pronounced effects in females. This lean phenotype was primarily driven by reduced dietary fat intake. Intriguingly, HFD-fed female, but not male, NT-PGC-1α−/− mice further exhibited decreased feed efficiency, which was closely associated with increased fecal fat excretion and decreased uptake of fatty acids by the intestinal enterocytes and adipocytes with a concomitant decrease in fatty acid transporter gene expression. Collectively, our results highlight the role for NT-PGC-1α in regulating whole body lipid homeostasis under HFD conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihyun Kim
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Metabolism, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - Jiyoung Moon
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Metabolism, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - Chul-Hong Park
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Metabolism, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - Jisu Lee
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Metabolism, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - Helia Cheng
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Metabolism, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - Z Elizabeth Floyd
- Laboratory of Ubiquitin Biology, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Ji Suk Chang
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Metabolism, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA.
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14
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Aron-Wisnewsky J, Warmbrunn MV, Nieuwdorp M, Clément K. Metabolism and Metabolic Disorders and the Microbiome: The Intestinal Microbiota Associated With Obesity, Lipid Metabolism, and Metabolic Health-Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Strategies. Gastroenterology 2021; 160:573-599. [PMID: 33253685 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.10.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Changes in the intestinal microbiome have been associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes, in epidemiological studies and studies of the effects of fecal transfer in germ-free mice. We review the mechanisms by which alterations in the intestinal microbiome contribute to development of metabolic diseases, and recent advances, such as the effects of the microbiome on lipid metabolism. Strategies have been developed to modify the intestinal microbiome and reverse metabolic alterations, which might be used as therapies. We discuss approaches that have shown effects in mouse models of obesity and metabolic disorders, and how these might be translated to humans to improve metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Aron-Wisnewsky
- Nutrition and Obesities: Systemic Approaches Research Unit (Nutriomics), Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris, France; Nutrition Department, Assistante Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Centres de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Ile de France, Paris, France; Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam Universitair Medische Centra, location Academisch Medisch Centrum, and VUMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Moritz V Warmbrunn
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam Universitair Medische Centra, location Academisch Medisch Centrum, and VUMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Max Nieuwdorp
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam Universitair Medische Centra, location Academisch Medisch Centrum, and VUMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Karine Clément
- Nutrition and Obesities: Systemic Approaches Research Unit (Nutriomics), Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris, France; Nutrition Department, Assistante Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Centres de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Ile de France, Paris, France.
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15
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Liu W, Ji Y, Zhang B, Chu H, Yin C, Xiao Y. Stat5a promotes brown adipocyte differentiation and thermogenic program through binding and transactivating the Kdm6a promoter. Cell Cycle 2020; 19:895-905. [PMID: 32207362 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2020.1731644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies reported that Stat5 promotes adipogenesis and white adipocyte differentiation. However, the role of Stat5 in brown adipocyte development is poorly understood. We found Stat5a was higher expressed in brown adipocytes than in white adipocytes, and its level was increased during the process of brown adipocyte differentiation. In addition, Stat5a expression was affected by cold stress and high-fat diet-feeding, suggesting a potential role in thermogenesis. Knockdown of Stat5a induced downregulation of brown fat specific genes (UCP1, PGC-1α, Acox-1 and Cidea), while overexpression of Stat5a did the opposite effect. What is more, bioinformatics analysis, ChIP assay and Luciferase activity assay all verified that Stat5a directly bind and transactivate Kdm6a promoter (Lysine-specific demethylase 6A). Further, we found that Stat5a overexpression promoted the expression of Kdm6a and inhibited the trimethylation of H3K27. While inhibiting of Kdm6a reversed the promoting effect of Stat5a overexpression on the expression of brown fat specific genes. Therefore, we conclude that Stat5a participated in brown adipocyte differentiation and thermogenic program through binding and transactivating the Kdm6a promoter.Abbreviations: Stat5: Signal transducers and activators of transcription 5; BAT: brown adipose tissue; WAT; white adipose tissue; eWAT: epididymal white adipose tissue; sWAT: subcutaneous white adipose tissue; SVFs: stromal vascular fractions; UCP1: Uncoupling protein 1; PGC-1α: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha; Acox-1: Peroxisomal acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 1; Cidea: Cell death activator CIDE-A; ChIP: Chromatin Immunoprecipitation; HFD: High fat diet; FBS: Fetal bovine serum; siStat5a: Stat5a siRNA; siKdm6: Kdm6a siRNA; pcDNA-Stat5a: over expression of Stat5a pcDNA3.1 vector; IgG: mouse immunoglobulin G; Kdm6a: Lysine-specific demethylase 6A; H3K27me3: trimethylated H3K27.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Pediatrics, The NO.1 Hospital of Xi'an, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuqiang Ji
- Central Laboratory, The NO.1 Hospital of Xi'an, Xi'an, China
| | - Beining Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The NO.1 Hospital of Xi'an, Xi'an, China
| | - Haiping Chu
- Department of Pediatrics, The NO.1 Hospital of Xi'an, Xi'an, China
| | - Chunyan Yin
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yanfeng Xiao
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, China
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16
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Kimball TH, Vondriska TM. Metabolism, Epigenetics, and Causal Inference in Heart Failure. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2020; 31:181-191. [PMID: 31866216 PMCID: PMC7035178 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2019.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Eukaryotes must balance the metabolic and cell death actions of mitochondria via control of gene expression and cell fate by chromatin, thereby functionally binding the metabolome and epigenome. This interaction has far-reaching implications for chronic diseases in humans, the most common of which are those of the cardiovascular system. The most devastating consequence of cardiovascular disease, heart failure, is not a single disease, diagnosis, or endpoint. Human and animal studies have revealed that, regardless of etiology and symptoms, heart failure is universally associated with abnormal metabolism and gene expression - to frame this as cause or consequence, however, may be to wrongfoot the question. This essay aims to challenge current thinking on metabolic-epigenetic crosstalk in heart failure, presenting hypotheses for how chronic diseases arise, take hold, and persist. We unpack assumptions about the order of operations for gene expression and metabolism, exploring recent findings in noncardiac systems that link metabolic intermediates directly to chromatin remodeling. Lastly, we discuss potential mechanisms by which chromatin may serve as a substrate for metabolic memory, and how changes in cellular transcriptomes (and hence in cellular behavior) in response to stress correspond to global changes in chromatin accessibility and structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd H Kimball
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Medicine, and Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Thomas M Vondriska
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Medicine, and Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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17
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Zhang M, Jiang N, Chu Y, Postnikova O, Varghese R, Horvath A, Cheema AK, Golestaneh N. Dysregulated metabolic pathways in age-related macular degeneration. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2464. [PMID: 32051464 PMCID: PMC7016007 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59244-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration is a major cause of vision impairment in the Western world among people of 55 years and older. Recently we have shown that autophagy is dysfunctional in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) of the AMD donor eyes (AMD RPE). We also showed increased reactive oxygen (ROS) production, increased cytoplasmic glycogen accumulation, mitochondrial dysfunction and disintegration, and enlarged and annular LAMP-1-positive organelles in AMD RPE. However, the underlying mechanisms inducing these abnormalities remain to be elucidated. Here, by performing a comprehensive study, we show increased PAPR2 expression, deceased NAD+, and SIRT1, increased PGC-1α acetylation (inactive form), lower AMPK activity, and overactive mTOR pathway in AMD RPE as compared to normal RPE. Metabolomics and lipidomics revealed dysregulated metabolites in AMD RPE as compared to normal RPE, including glycerophospholipid metabolism, involved in autophagy, lipid, and protein metabolisms, glutathione, guanosine, and L-glutamic acid, which are implicated in protection against oxidative stress and neurotoxicity, further supporting our observations. Our data show dysregulated metabolic pathways as important contributors to AMD pathophysiology, and facilitate the development of new treatment strategies for this debilitating disease of the visual system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Nisi Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Yi Chu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Olga Postnikova
- Laboratory of Retinal Cell & Molecular Biology (HNW28), NIH/NEI, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Rency Varghese
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Anelia Horvath
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20037, USA
| | - Amrita K Cheema
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, 20057, USA.,Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Nady Golestaneh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, 20057, USA. .,Department of Neurology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, 20057, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, 20057, USA.
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18
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Léveillé M, Besse-Patin A, Jouvet N, Gunes A, Sczelecki S, Jeromson S, Khan NP, Baldwin C, Dumouchel A, Correia JC, Jannig PR, Boulais J, Ruas JL, Estall JL. PGC-1α isoforms coordinate to balance hepatic metabolism and apoptosis in inflammatory environments. Mol Metab 2020; 34:72-84. [PMID: 32180561 PMCID: PMC7011010 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The liver is regularly exposed to changing metabolic and inflammatory environments. It must sense and adapt to metabolic need while balancing resources required to protect itself from insult. Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α) is a transcriptional coactivator expressed as multiple, alternatively spliced variants transcribed from different promoters that coordinate metabolic adaptation and protect against inflammation. It is not known how PGC-1α integrates extracellular signals to balance metabolic and anti-inflammatory outcomes. Methods Primary mouse hepatocytes were used to evaluate the role(s) of different PGC-1α proteins in regulating hepatic metabolism and inflammatory signaling downstream of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα). Gene expression and signaling analysis were combined with biochemical measurement of apoptosis using gain- and loss-of-function in vitro and in vivo. Results Hepatocytes expressed multiple isoforms of PGC-1α, including PGC-1α4, which microarray analysis showed had common and isoform-specific functions linked to metabolism and inflammation compared with canonical PGC-1α1. Whereas PGC-1α1 primarily impacted gene programs of nutrient metabolism and mitochondrial biology, TNFα signaling showed several pathways related to innate immunity and cell death downstream of PGC-1α4. Gain- and loss-of-function models illustrated that PGC-1α4 uniquely enhanced expression of anti-apoptotic gene programs and attenuated hepatocyte apoptosis in response to TNFα or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). This was in contrast to PGC-1α1, which decreased the expression of a wide inflammatory gene network but did not prevent hepatocyte death in response to cytokines. Conclusions PGC-1α variants have distinct, yet complementary roles in hepatic responses to metabolism and inflammation, and we identify PGC-1α4 as an important mitigator of apoptosis. Multiple isoforms of PGC-1α are expressed in hepatocytes, including PGC-1α4. PGC-1α1 and PGC-1α4 share many metabolic targets, but PGC-1α4 has unique functions linked to hepatic inflammatory signalling. PGC-1α4 attenuates hepatocyte apoptosis in response to TNFα and LPS in vitro and in vivo. Inflammatory signaling influences PGC-1α4 localization in hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélissa Léveillé
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montreal (IRCM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Aurèle Besse-Patin
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montreal (IRCM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nathalie Jouvet
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montreal (IRCM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Aysim Gunes
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montreal (IRCM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sarah Sczelecki
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montreal (IRCM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Stewart Jeromson
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montreal (IRCM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Naveen P Khan
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montreal (IRCM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Cindy Baldwin
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montreal (IRCM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Annie Dumouchel
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montreal (IRCM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jorge C Correia
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paulo R Jannig
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonathan Boulais
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montreal (IRCM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jorge L Ruas
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jennifer L Estall
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montreal (IRCM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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19
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Qiu Y, Sun L, Hu X, Zhao X, Shi H, Liu Z, Yin X. Compromised browning plasticity of primary subcutaneous adipocytes derived from overweight Chinese adults. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2020; 12:91. [PMID: 33110450 PMCID: PMC7583200 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-020-00599-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE People with obesity have a compromised browning capacity of adipose tissue when faced with sympathetic stimuli. This study aimed to determine whether norepinephrine treatment can enhance the induction of precursor cells from human white adipose tissue to differentiate into adipocytes that express key markers of beige adipocytes, and if there is a difference in this capacity between normal weight and overweight individuals. METHODS Stromal vascular cells derived from subcutaneous white adipose tissue of normal weight and overweight groups were induced to differentiation, with or without norepinephrine, into adipocytes. Oxygen consumption rate, lipolysis, the expression of uncoupling protein 1 and other thermogenic genes were compared between different adiposity and treatment groups. RESULTS Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ- coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1 α) and uncoupling protein 1 gene expression increased significantly in the normal weight group, but not in the overweight group, with norepinephrine treatment. The increments of lipolysis and oxygen consumption rate were also higher in adipocytes from the normal weight group with norepinephrine treatment, as compared with those of the overweight group. PR domain containing protein 16 (PRDM 16) gene expression was higher in the normal weight group compared with that in the overweight group, while there were no significant changes found with norepinephrine treatment in either the normal weight or overweight group. CONCLUSIONS Adipogenic precursor cells derived from overweight individuals were less prone to differentiate into beige-like adipocytes when facing sympathetic stimuli than normal weight ones, resulting in the compromised sympathetic-induced browning capacity in subcutaneous white adipose tissue in overweight individuals, which occurred before the onset of overt obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Qiu
- Department of Surgery, Shandong University Affiliated Jinan Central Hospital, Jinan, Shandong People’s Republic of China
| | - Lizhi Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong University Affiliated Jinan Central Hospital, Jinan, Shandong People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaolin Hu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong University Affiliated Jinan Central Hospital, Linong road 8, 5-1-801, Jinan, 250013 Shandong People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong University Affiliated Jinan Central Hospital, Jinan, Shandong People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongyan Shi
- Department of Surgery, Shandong University Affiliated Jinan Central Hospital, Jinan, Shandong People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhao Liu
- Department of Surgery, Shandong University Affiliated Jinan Central Hospital, Jinan, Shandong People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao Yin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong University Affiliated Jinan Central Hospital, Linong road 8, 5-1-801, Jinan, 250013 Shandong People’s Republic of China
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Emmett MJ, Lazar MA. Integrative regulation of physiology by histone deacetylase 3. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2019; 20:102-115. [PMID: 30390028 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-018-0076-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cell-type-specific gene expression is physiologically modulated by the binding of transcription factors to genomic enhancer sequences, to which chromatin modifiers such as histone deacetylases (HDACs) are recruited. Drugs that inhibit HDACs are in clinical use but lack specificity. HDAC3 is a stoichiometric component of nuclear receptor co-repressor complexes whose enzymatic activity depends on this interaction. HDAC3 is required for many aspects of mammalian development and physiology, for example, for controlling metabolism and circadian rhythms. In this Review, we discuss the mechanisms by which HDAC3 regulates cell type-specific enhancers, the structure of HDAC3 and its function as part of nuclear receptor co-repressors, its enzymatic activity and its post-translational modifications. We then discuss the plethora of tissue-specific physiological functions of HDAC3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Emmett
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mitchell A Lazar
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA. .,Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Abstract
Individual cell types vary enormously in the amount of different organelles they contain. One such organelle is the mitochondrion. Understanding how mitochondrial levels are controlled is essential since so many disease states seem to involve mitochondrial function. The beige adipocyte is an inducible form of adipocyte that emerges in response to cold exposure and some other external stimuli. To perform its thermogenic function, its level of mitochondria increases dramatically. If the stimuli are removed the mitochondrial levels return to base line. Following the withdrawal of external stimuli, beige adipocytes directly acquire a white fat-like phenotype through mitophagy-mediated mitochondrial degradation. The beige cell is therefore a dynamic model for studying the mechanism of mitochondrial biogenesis and degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Lu
- Medical Diagnostic Research Center, Jilin Province People’s Hospital, Changchun, Jilin, China
- School of Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
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22
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Enriched developmental biology molecular pathways impact on antipsychotics-induced weight gain. Pharmacogenet Genomics 2019; 30:9-20. [PMID: 31651721 DOI: 10.1097/fpc.0000000000000390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Psychotropic-induced weight gain (PIWG) may lead to increased risk for cardiovasculardiseases, metabolic disorders and treatment discontinuation. PIWG may be genetically driven. The analysis of complete molecular pathways may grant suffcient power to tackle the biologic variance of PIWG. Such identifcation would help to move a step forward in the direction of personalized treatment in psychiatry. A genetic sample from the CATIE trial (n = 765; M = 556, mean age = 40.93 ± 11.03) treated with diverse antipsychotic drugs was investigated. A molecular pathway analysis was conducted for the identifcation of the molecular pathways enriched in variations associated with PIWG. The developmental biology molecular pathway was signifcantly (P.adj = 0.018) enriched in genetic variations signifcantly (P < 0.01) associated with PIWG. A total of 18 genes were identifed and discussed. The developmental biology molecular pathway is involved in the regulation of β-cell development, and the transcriptional regulation of white adipocyte differentiation. Results from the current contribution correlate with previous evidence and it is consistent with our earlier result on the STAR*D sample. Furthermore, the involvement of the β-cell development and the transcriptional regulation of white adipocyte differentiation pathways stress the relevance of the peripheral tissue rearrangement, rather than increased food intake, in the biologic modifcations that follow psychotropic treatment and may lead to PIWG. Further research is warranted.
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Musclin, A Myokine Induced by Aerobic Exercise, Retards Muscle Atrophy During Cancer Cachexia in Mice. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11101541. [PMID: 31614775 PMCID: PMC6826436 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11101541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical activity improves the prognosis of cancer patients, partly by contrasting the associated muscle wasting (cachexia), through still unknown mechanisms. We asked whether aerobic exercise causes secretion by skeletal muscles of proteins (myokines) that may contrast cachexia. Media conditioned by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC1α)-expressing myotubes, reproducing some metabolic adaptations of aerobic exercise, as increased mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative phosphorylation, restrained constitutively active Forkhead box-containing subfamily O3 (caFoxO3)-induced proteolysis. Microarray analysis identified amphiregulin (AREG), natriuretic peptide precursor B (NppB), musclin and fibroblast growth factor 18 (FGF18) as myokines highly induced by PGC1α. Notably, only musclin tended to be low in muscle of mice with a rare human renal carcinoma; it was reduced in plasma and in muscles of C26-bearing mice and in atrophying myotubes, where PGC1α expression is impaired. Therefore, we electroporated the Tibialis Anterior (TA) of C26-bearing mice with musclin or (its receptor) natriuretic peptide receptor 3 (Npr3)-encoding plasmids and found a preserved fiber area, as a result of restrained proteolysis. Musclin knockout (KO) mice lose more muscle tissue during growth of two distinct cachexia-causing tumors. Running protected C26-bearing mice from cachexia, not changing tumor growth, and rescued the C26-induced downregulation of musclin in muscles and plasma. Musclin expression did not change in overloaded plantaris of mice, recapitulating partially muscle adaptations to anaerobic exercise. Musclin might, therefore, be beneficial to cancer patients who cannot exercise and are at risk of cachexia and may help to explain how aerobic exercise alleviates cancer-induced muscle wasting.
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