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Qu M, He Q, Bao H, Ji X, Shen T, Barkat MQ, Wu X, Zeng LH. Multiple roles of arsenic compounds in phase separation and membraneless organelles formation determine their therapeutic efficacy in tumors. J Pharm Anal 2024; 14:100957. [PMID: 39253293 PMCID: PMC11381784 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2024.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Arsenic compounds are widely used for the therapeutic intervention of multiple diseases. Ancient pharmacologists discovered the medicinal utility of these highly toxic substances, and modern pharmacologists have further recognized the specific active ingredients in human diseases. In particular, Arsenic trioxide (ATO), as a main component, has therapeutic effects on various tumors (including leukemia, hepatocellular carcinoma, lung cancer, etc.). However, its toxicity limits its efficacy, and controlling the toxicity has been an important issue. Interestingly, recent evidence has pointed out the pivotal roles of arsenic compounds in phase separation and membraneless organelles formation, which may determine their toxicity and therapeutic efficacy. Here, we summarize the arsenic compounds-regulating phase separation and membraneless organelles formation. We further hypothesize their potential involvement in the therapy and toxicity of arsenic compounds, highlighting potential mechanisms underlying the clinical application of arsenic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyu Qu
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Qiangqiang He
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Hangyang Bao
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xing Ji
- Department of Pharmacology, Hangzhou City University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310015, China
| | - Tingyu Shen
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Muhammad Qasim Barkat
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Ximei Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Ling-Hui Zeng
- Department of Pharmacology, Hangzhou City University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310015, China
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Cai C, Chen X, He J, Xiang C, Liu Y, Wu K, Luo K. Correlation between LSM1 Expression and Clinical Outcomes in Glioblastoma and Functional Mechanisms. Int J Genomics 2023; 2023:1543620. [PMID: 37954131 PMCID: PMC10635750 DOI: 10.1155/2023/1543620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive form of brain tumor characterized by limited treatment options and a bleak prognosis. Although the role of Like-Sm 1 (LSM1), a component of the mRNA splicing machinery, has been studied in various cancers, its significance in GBM remains unclear. The purpose of this research was to investigate the expression of LSM1 and its role in driving GBM progression. Methods We analyzed gene expression data obtained from TCGA and GTEx databases to compare the levels of LSM1 expression between GBM and normal brain tissues. To assess the impact of LSM1, we conducted experiments using U87 GBM cells, wherein we manipulated LSM1 expression through overexpression and knockdown techniques. These experiments allowed us to evaluate cellular behaviors such as proliferation and invasion. Additionally, we explored the correlation between LSM1 expression and immune cell infiltration in GBM. Results Our analysis of TCGA and GTEx datasets revealed a significant upregulation of LSM1 expression in GBM compared to normal brain tissues. In our in vitro experiments using U87 cells, we observed that LSM1 overexpression promoted cell proliferation and invasion, while LSM1 knockdown exerted the opposite effects. Moreover, we discovered correlations between LSM1 expression and immune cell infiltration in GBM, specifically involving TFH cells, CD56bright cells, macrophages, and Th2 cells. Conclusions The findings of this study demonstrate the upregulation of LSM1 in GBM and its contribution to tumor progression by enhancing cell proliferation, invasion, and influencing immune cell infiltration. Our research sheds light on the potential oncogenic role of LSM1 in GBM and suggests its viability as a therapeutic target for this aggressive brain tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changcheng Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, 629000 Sichuan, China
| | - Xingyu Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, 629000 Sichuan, China
| | - Jimin He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, 629000 Sichuan, China
| | - Chengwei Xiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, 629000 Sichuan, China
| | - Yinggang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, 629000 Sichuan, China
| | - Ke Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xichang People's Hospital, Xichang, 615000 Sichuan, China
| | - Ke Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, 629000 Sichuan, China
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Sun X, Zhang J, Xiao C, Ge Z. Expression profile and prognostic values of LSM family in skin cutaneous melanoma. BMC Med Genomics 2022; 15:238. [DOI: 10.1186/s12920-022-01395-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The like-Smith (LSM) family is a group of RNA-binding proteins involved in RNA metabolism. However, their involvement in tumors, particularly skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM), is not fully understood. In this study, we focused on the expression profiles and prognostic values of the LSM family in SKCM.
Methods
Raw data were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas. The expression profile and prognostic value of LSM genes in SKCM were explored using the GEPIA, cBioPortal, and HPA databases. Protein–protein and gene–gene interaction analyses were performed using STRING and GeneMANIA. Enrichment and Cox regression analysis were conducted using R software. The TISIDB database was used to explore the relationship between LSMs and immunomodulators. Receiver operating characteristic curves and nomogram models were constructed to validate prognostic values.
Results
mRNA and protein expression levels of LSM2, LSM4, and LSM12 were significantly elevated in SKCM. The upregulated mRNA expression of LSM2 (p = 0.0013) and LSM4 (p = 0.0043) was significantly correlated with poor overall survival in patients with SKCM, whereas only LSM2 (p = 0.049) overexpression was markedly associated with worse disease-free survival. LSM2 overexpression was an independent risk factor (p = 0.013) and was confirmed to have a high prognostic value in SKCM using the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC = 0.942) and nomogram models. All LSM genes were identified as genomic mutations, whereas alteration of LSM2 (p = 0.0153) significantly affected the overall survival in patients with SKCM. Significant correlations were observed between LSM family expression, immune cell infiltration, and immunomodulator. Furthermore, function and pathway enrichment analysis showed that the LSM family was mainly RNA binding proteins and involved in RNA splicing and degradation.
Conclusion
Expression profiles and prognostic values of LSM in SKCM were inconsistent. Among the LSM family, only LSM2 may serve as a potential poor prognosticator and immunotherapeutic target of SKCM.
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Nsengimana B, Khan FA, Ngowi EE, Zhou X, Jin Y, Jia Y, Wei W, Ji S. Processing body (P-body) and its mediators in cancer. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 477:1217-1238. [PMID: 35089528 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04359-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, processing bodies (P-bodies) formed by liquid-liquid phase separation, have attracted growing scientific attention due to their involvement in numerous cellular activities, including the regulation of mRNAs decay or storage. These cytoplasmic dynamic membraneless granules contain mRNA storage and decay components such as deadenylase and decapping factors. In addition, different mRNA metabolic regulators, including m6A readers and gene-mediated miRNA-silencing, are also associated with such P-bodies. Cancerous cells may profit from these mRNA decay shredders by up-regulating the expression level of oncogenes and down-regulating tumor suppressor genes. The main challenges of cancer treatment are drug resistance, metastasis, and cancer relapse likely associated with cancer stem cells, heterogeneity, and plasticity features of different tumors. The mRNA metabolic regulators based on P-bodies play a great role in cancer development and progression. The dysregulation of P-bodies mediators affects mRNA metabolism. However, less is known about the relationship between P-bodies mediators and cancerous behavior. The current review summarizes the recent studies on P-bodies mediators, their contribution to tumor development, and their potential in the clinical setting, particularly highlighting the P-bodies as potential drug-carriers such as exosomes to anticancer in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Nsengimana
- Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Henan, 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Faiz Ali Khan
- Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Henan, 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Ebenezeri Erasto Ngowi
- Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Henan, 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuefeng Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Dongtai Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Dongtai, 224200, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Jin
- Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Henan, 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuting Jia
- Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Henan, 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenqiang Wei
- Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Henan, 475004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shaoping Ji
- Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Henan, 475004, People's Republic of China.
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Little EC, Camp ER, Wang C, Watson PM, Watson DK, Cole DJ. The CaSm (LSm1) oncogene promotes transformation, chemoresistance and metastasis of pancreatic cancer cells. Oncogenesis 2016; 5:e182. [PMID: 26751936 PMCID: PMC4728675 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2015.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The cancer-associated Sm-like (CaSm) oncogene is overexpressed in 87% of human pancreatic tumor samples and CaSm knockdown has demonstrated therapeutic efficacy in murine models of pancreatic cancer. Evidence indicates that CaSm modulates messenger RNA degradation; however, its target genes and the mechanisms by which CaSm promotes pancreatic cancer remain largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that the CaSm overexpression alters several hallmarks of cancer-including transformation, proliferation, chemoresistance and metastasis. Doxycycline-induced CaSm expression enhanced proliferation and both anchorage-dependent and -independent growth of the human Panc-1 cells in vitro. CaSm induction decreased gemcitabine-induced cytotoxicity and altered the expression of apoptotic regulation genes, including Bad, E2F1 and Bcl-XL. CaSm-overexpressing Panc-1 cells were twofold more migratory and fourfold more invasive than the driver controls and demonstrated characteristics of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition such as morphological changes and decreased E-cadherin expression. CaSm induction resulted in changes in RNA expression of metastasis-associated genes such as MMP1, SerpinB5, uPAR and Slug. Using a murine model of metastatic pancreatic cancer, injection of CaSm-induced Panc-1 cells resulted in a higher abundance of hepatic metastatic lesions. Overall, CaSm overexpression contributed to a more aggressive cancer phenotype in Panc-1 cells, further supporting the use of CaSm as a therapeutic target against pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- E C Little
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - E R Camp
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Ralph H Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - C Wang
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - P M Watson
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - D K Watson
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - D J Cole
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
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Pradhan MP, Nagulapalli K, Palakal MJ. Cliques for the identification of gene signatures for colorectal cancer across population. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2012; 6 Suppl 3:S17. [PMID: 23282040 PMCID: PMC3524317 DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-6-s3-s17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers worldwide. Studies have correlated risk of CRC development with dietary habits and environmental conditions. Gene signatures for any disease can identify the key biological processes, which is especially useful in studying cancer development. Such processes can be used to evaluate potential drug targets. Though recognition of CRC gene-signatures across populations is crucial to better understanding potential novel treatment options for CRC, it remains a challenging task. Results We developed a topological and biological feature-based network approach for identifying the gene signatures across populations. In this work, we propose a novel approach of using cliques to understand the variability within population. Cliques are more conserved and co-expressed, therefore allowing identification and comparison of cliques across a population which can help researchers study gene variations. Our study was based on four publicly available expression datasets belonging to four different populations across the world. We identified cliques of various sizes (0 to 7) across the four population networks. Cliques of size seven were further analyzed across populations for their commonality and uniqueness. Forty-nine common cliques of size seven were identified. These cliques were further analyzed based on their connectivity profiles. We found associations between the cliques and their connectivity profiles across networks. With these clique connectivity profiles (CCPs), we were able to identify the divergence among the populations, important biological processes (cell cycle, signal transduction, and cell differentiation), and related gene pathways. Therefore the genes identified in these cliques and their connectivity profiles can be defined as the gene-signatures across populations. In this work we demonstrate the power and effectiveness of cliques to study CRC across populations. Conclusions We developed a new approach where cliques and their connectivity profiles helped elucidate the variation and similarity in CRC gene profiles across four populations with unique dietary habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meeta P Pradhan
- School of Informatics, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Herrero AB, Moreno S. Lsm1 promotes genomic stability by controlling histone mRNA decay. EMBO J 2011; 30:2008-18. [PMID: 21487390 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2011.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2010] [Accepted: 03/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lsm1 forms part of a cytoplasmic protein complex, Lsm1-7-Pat1, involved in the degradation of mRNAs. Here, we show that Lsm1 has an important role in promoting genomic stability in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Budding yeast cells lacking Lsm1 are defective in recovery from replication-fork stalling and show DNA damage sensitivity. Here, we identify histone mRNAs as substrates of the Lsm1-7-Pat1 complex in yeast, and show that abnormally high amounts of histones accumulate in lsm1Δ mutant cells. Importantly, we show that the excess of histones is responsible for the lsm1Δ replication-fork instability phenotype, since sensitivity of lsm1Δ cells to drugs that stall replication forks is significantly suppressed by a reduction in histone gene dosage. Our results demonstrate that improper histone stoichiometry leads to genomic instability and highlight the importance of regulating histone mRNA decay in the tight control of histone levels in yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana B Herrero
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC/Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Salamanca, Spain
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Spicakova T, McCann K, Brown JM. A role for Lsmlp in response to ultraviolet-radiation damage in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Radiat Res 2009; 170:411-21. [PMID: 19024647 DOI: 10.1667/rr1477.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A genome-wide screen in Saccharomyces cerevisiae identified LSM1 as a new gene affecting sensitivity to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Lsmlp is a member of a cytoplasmic complex composed of Lsmlp-7p that interacts with the yeast mRNA degradation machinery. To investigate the potential role of Lsmlp in response to UV radiation, we constructed double mutant strains in which LSM1 was deleted in combination with a representative gene from each of three known yeast DNA repair pathways. Our results show that lsm1delta increases the UV-radiation sensitivity of the rad1delta and rad51delta mutants, but not the radl8delta mutant, placing LSM1 within the post-replication repair/damage tolerance pathway (PRR). When combined with other deletions affecting PRR, lsm1delta increases the UV-radiation sensitivity of the rev3delta, rad30delta and pol30-K164R mutants but not rad5delta. Furthermore, the UV-radiation sensitivity phenotype of lsmldelta is partially rescued by mutations in genes involved in 3' to 5' mRNA degradation, and mutations predicted to function in RNA interactions confer the most UV-radiation sensitivity. Together, these results suggest that Lsmlp may confer protection against UV-radiation damage by protecting the 3' ends of mRNAs from exosome-dependent 3' to 5' degradation as part of a novel RAD5-mediated, PCNA-K164 ubiquitylation-independent subpathway of PRR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Spicakova
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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Chin K, DeVries S, Fridlyand J, Spellman PT, Roydasgupta R, Kuo WL, Lapuk A, Neve RM, Qian Z, Ryder T, Chen F, Feiler H, Tokuyasu T, Kingsley C, Dairkee S, Meng Z, Chew K, Pinkel D, Jain A, Ljung BM, Esserman L, Albertson DG, Waldman FM, Gray JW. Genomic and transcriptional aberrations linked to breast cancer pathophysiologies. Cancer Cell 2006; 10:529-41. [PMID: 17157792 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2006.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 936] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2006] [Revised: 08/19/2006] [Accepted: 10/06/2006] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This study explores the roles of genome copy number abnormalities (CNAs) in breast cancer pathophysiology by identifying associations between recurrent CNAs, gene expression, and clinical outcome in a set of aggressively treated early-stage breast tumors. It shows that the recurrent CNAs differ between tumor subtypes defined by expression pattern and that stratification of patients according to outcome can be improved by measuring both expression and copy number, especially high-level amplification. Sixty-six genes deregulated by the high-level amplifications are potential therapeutic targets. Nine of these (FGFR1, IKBKB, ERBB2, PROCC, ADAM9, FNTA, ACACA, PNMT, and NR1D1) are considered druggable. Low-level CNAs appear to contribute to cancer progression by altering RNA and cellular metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koei Chin
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, 2340 Sutter Street, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143
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Fraser MM, Watson PM, Fraig MM, Kelley JR, Nelson PS, Boylan AM, Cole DJ, Watson DK. CaSm-Mediated Cellular Transformation Is Associated with Altered Gene Expression and Messenger RNA Stability. Cancer Res 2005; 65:6228-36. [PMID: 16024624 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-05-0650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
CaSm (cancer-associated Sm-like) was originally identified based on elevated expression in pancreatic cancer and in several cancer-derived cell lines. CaSm encodes a 133 amino acid protein that contains two Sm motifs found in the common small nuclear RNA proteins and the LSm (like-Sm) family of proteins. Compared with normal human prostate tissue and primary prostate epithelial cells, some primary prostate tumors and prostate cancer-derived cell lines have elevated CaSm expression. Expression of antisense CaSm RNA in DU145 cells results in reduced CaSm protein levels and less transformed phenotype, measured by anchorage-independent growth in vitro and tumor formation in severe combined immunodeficient mice in vivo. Additional data shows that adenoviral delivery of antisense CaSm inhibits the growth of prostate cancer cell lines by altering cell cycle progression, and is associated with reduced expression of cyclin B1 and CDK1 proteins. Consistent with failure of antisense-treated cells to enter mitosis, microarray analysis identified altered expression of NEK2 and nucleophosmin/B23. Although the mechanisms by which CaSm contributes to neoplastic transformation and cellular proliferation are unknown, it has been shown that the yeast homologue (spb8/LSm1) of CaSm is required for 5' to 3' degradation of specific mRNAs. We provide data consistent with a similar role for CaSm in human cells, supporting the hypothesis that elevated CaSm expression observed in cancer leads to destabilization of multiple gene transcripts, contributing to the mutator phenotype of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa M Fraser
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29403, USA
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Yan Y, Rubinchik S, Watson PM, Kelley JR, Fraser MM, Wood AL, Dong JY, Gillanders WE, Boylan AM, Watson DK, Cole DJ. Establishing a Murine Pancreatic Cancer CaSm Model: Up-regulation of CaSm Is Required for the Transformed Phenotype of Murine Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma. Mol Ther 2005; 11:363-72. [PMID: 15727932 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2004.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2004] [Accepted: 09/08/2004] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We have recently shown that the cancer-associated Sm-like protein (CaSm) is overexpressed in human pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PC). However, the role of CaSm in the process of neoplastic transformation remains unclear. To define further the role of CaSm in PC transformation, we have established a murine model based on the murine pancreatic cancer cell lines Panc02 and Panc03. CaSm is overexpressed in the aggressive Panc02 cells and expressed at much lower levels in the more indolent Panc03 cells. Up-regulation of CaSm in Panc03 cells increased in vitro proliferation and anchorage-independent growth and promoted subcutaneous tumor establishment and growth in syngeneic mice. Conversely, adenoviral down-regulation of CaSm in Panc02 led to significant inhibition of cellular proliferation and anchorage-independent growth in vitro and complete abolition of tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. Up-regulation of CaSm in NIH3T3 resulted in loss of contact inhibition and increased soft agar colony formation in vitro. The requirement for CaSm overexpression for neoplastic transformation confirms the concept that CaSm is a critical oncogene and potential target for molecular intervention. Furthermore, establishment of the murine clinically relevant model of pancreatic metastases provides a framework for the generation of preclinical data to support the development of novel molecular therapies targeting CaSm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yan
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, 96 Jonathan Lucas Street, Suite 420, P O Box 250613, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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Abstract
RNA in a cell is subject to many of the same insults as DNA. RNA damage can induce apoptosis and may be exploited for anti-cancer chemotherapy. It is a surprise, however, to learn that cells may repair RNA damage, suggesting a far greater significance of RNA in genotoxic stress.
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Takahashi S, Suzuki S, Inaguma S, Ikeda Y, Cho YM, Hayashi N, Inoue T, Sugimura Y, Nishiyama N, Fujita T, Chao J, Ushijima T, Shirai T. Down-regulated expression of prostasin in high-grade or hormone-refractory human prostate cancers. Prostate 2003; 54:187-93. [PMID: 12518323 DOI: 10.1002/pros.10178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously conducted a search for genes which are differentially expressed in hormone-refractory prostate cancers using cDNA-representational difference analysis (RDA). The prostasin gene was isolated as one showing down-regulation in hormone-refractory cancers. In the present study, linkage to the stage in prostate neoplasia was examined. METHODS Prostasin expressions in 54 prostate cancer cases were examined by mRNA in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry as well as by northern blot analysis. RESULTS Expression levels of prostasin in hormone-refractory cancers were approximately one-sixth of those in organ-confined cancers by northern blotting. Glandular components in benign prostatic hyperplasia and high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasias tended to exhibit mild to moderate and relatively strong intensities, respectively. Expression levels of both prostasin mRNA and protein were inversely correlated with histological differentiation but not associated with clinical stage of human prostate cancer. Almost all cases of metastatic and hormone-refractory cancers demonstrated down-regulation of prostasin expression. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that prostasin cannot be regarded as a prognostic indicator for human prostate cancer although it may be a useful marker for tumor differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Takahashi
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Japan.
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