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li W, Pang Y, He Q, Song Z, Xie X, Zeng J, Guo J. Exosome-derived microRNAs: emerging players in vitiligo. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1419660. [PMID: 39040109 PMCID: PMC11260631 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1419660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Exosome-derived microRNAs (miRNAs) are biomacromolecules and nanoscale extracellular vesicles originating from intracellular compartments that are secreted by most cells into the extracellular space. This review examines the formation and function of exosomal miRNAs in biological information transfer, explores the pathogenesis of vitiligo, and highlights the relationship between exosomal miRNAs and vitiligo. The aim is to deepen the understanding of how exosomal miRNAs influence immune imbalance, oxidative stress damage, melanocyte-keratinocyte interactions, and melanogenesis disorders in the development of vitiligo. This enhanced understanding may contribute to the development of potential diagnostic and therapeutic options for vitiligo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenquan li
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Dermatological Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yaobin Pang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Dermatological Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qingying He
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Dermatological Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zongzou Song
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Dermatological Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Xie
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Dermatological Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinhao Zeng
- Dermatological Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Dermatological Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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2
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He Y, Wu S, Rietveld M, Vermeer M, Cruz LJ, Eich C, El Ghalbzouri A. Application of Doxorubicin-loaded PLGA nanoparticles targeting both tumor cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts on 3D human skin equivalents mimicking melanoma and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2024; 160:213831. [PMID: 38552501 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2024.213831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Nanoparticle (NP) use in cancer therapy is extensively studied in skin cancers. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), a major tumor microenvironment (TME) component, promote cancer progression, making dual targeting of cancer cells and CAFs an effective therapy. However, dual NP-based targeting therapy on both tumor cells and CAFs is poorly investigated in skin cancers. Herein, we prepared and characterized doxorubicin-loaded PLGA NPs (DOX@PLGA NPs) and studied their anti-tumor effects on cutaneous melanoma (SKCM)(AN, M14) and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) (MET1, MET2) cell lines in monolayer, as well as their impact on CAF deactivation. Then, we established 3D full thickness models (FTM) models of SKCM and cSCC using AN or MET2 cells on dermis matrix populated with CAFs respectively, and assessed the NPs' tumor penetration, tumor-killing ability, and CAF phenotype regulation through both topical administration and intradermal injection. The results show that, in monolayer, DOX@PLGA NPs inhibited cancer cell growth and induced apoptosis in a dose- and time-dependent manner, with a weaker effect on CAFs. DOX@PLGA NPs reduced CAF-marker expression and had successful anti-tumor effects in 3D skin cancer FTMs, with decreased tumor-load and invasion. DOX@PLGA NPs also showed great delivery potential in the FTMs and could be used as a platform for future functional study of NPs in skin cancers using human-derived skin equivalents. This study provides promising evidence for the potential of DOX@PLGA NPs in dual targeting therapy for SKCM and cSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan He
- Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging (TNI) Group, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Shidi Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Marion Rietveld
- Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Maarten Vermeer
- Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Luis J Cruz
- Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging (TNI) Group, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Christina Eich
- Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging (TNI) Group, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands.
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3
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Kim DH, Lee J, Ko JK, Lee K. Melanophilin regulates dendritogenesis in melanocytes for feather pigmentation. Commun Biol 2024; 7:592. [PMID: 38760591 PMCID: PMC11101434 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06284-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Limited studies using animal models with a few natural mutations in melanophilin (Mlph) provided partial functions of Mlph in melanosome trafficking. To investigate cellular functions of Mlph, especially ZnF motif of Mlph, we analyzed all three Mlph knockout (KO) quail lines, one and two base pair (bp) deletions as models for total KO, and three bp deletion causing deletion of one Cysteine (C84del) in the ZnF motif. All quail lines had diluted feather pigmentation with impaired dendritogenesis and melanosome transport in melanocytes. In vitro studies revealed capability of binding of the ZnF motif to PIP3, and impairment of PI3P binding and mislocalization of MLPH proteins with ZnF motif mutations. The shortened melanocyte dendrites by the C84del mutation were rescued by introducing WT Mlph in vitro. These results revealed the diluted feather pigmentation by Mlph mutations resulted from congregation of melanosomes in the cell bodies with impairment of the dendritogenesis and the transport of melanosomes to the cell periphery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hwan Kim
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Joonbum Lee
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jae-Kyun Ko
- Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Pathology Advanced Translational Research Unit (PATRU), Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kichoon Lee
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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4
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Coutant K, Magne B, Ferland K, Fuentes-Rodriguez A, Chancy O, Mitchell A, Germain L, Landreville S. Melanocytes in regenerative medicine applications and disease modeling. J Transl Med 2024; 22:336. [PMID: 38589876 PMCID: PMC11003097 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05113-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Melanocytes are dendritic cells localized in skin, eyes, hair follicles, ears, heart and central nervous system. They are characterized by the presence of melanosomes enriched in melanin which are responsible for skin, eye and hair pigmentation. They also have different functions in photoprotection, immunity and sound perception. Melanocyte dysfunction can cause pigmentary disorders, hearing and vision impairments or increased cancer susceptibility. This review focuses on the role of melanocytes in homeostasis and disease, before discussing their potential in regenerative medicine applications, such as for disease modeling, drug testing or therapy development using stem cell technologies, tissue engineering and extracellular vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Coutant
- Department of Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology-Cervico-Facial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Regenerative Medicine Division, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Centre, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Centre de recherche en organogénèse expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Université Laval Cancer Research Center, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Brice Magne
- Regenerative Medicine Division, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Centre, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Centre de recherche en organogénèse expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Karel Ferland
- Regenerative Medicine Division, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Centre, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Centre de recherche en organogénèse expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Aurélie Fuentes-Rodriguez
- Department of Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology-Cervico-Facial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Regenerative Medicine Division, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Centre, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Centre de recherche en organogénèse expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Université Laval Cancer Research Center, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Olivier Chancy
- Department of Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology-Cervico-Facial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Regenerative Medicine Division, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Centre, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Centre de recherche en organogénèse expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Université Laval Cancer Research Center, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Andrew Mitchell
- Department of Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology-Cervico-Facial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Regenerative Medicine Division, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Centre, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Centre de recherche en organogénèse expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Université Laval Cancer Research Center, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Lucie Germain
- Regenerative Medicine Division, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Centre, Quebec City, QC, Canada.
- Centre de recherche en organogénèse expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Quebec City, QC, Canada.
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada.
| | - Solange Landreville
- Department of Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology-Cervico-Facial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada.
- Regenerative Medicine Division, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Centre, Quebec City, QC, Canada.
- Centre de recherche en organogénèse expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Quebec City, QC, Canada.
- Université Laval Cancer Research Center, Quebec City, QC, Canada.
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5
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Kistenmacher S, Schwämmle M, Martin G, Ulrich E, Tholen S, Schilling O, Gießl A, Schlötzer-Schrehardt U, Bucher F, Schlunck G, Nazarenko I, Reinhard T, Polisetti N. Enrichment, Characterization, and Proteomic Profiling of Small Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Human Limbal Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Melanocytes. Cells 2024; 13:623. [PMID: 38607062 PMCID: PMC11011788 DOI: 10.3390/cells13070623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Limbal epithelial progenitor cells (LEPC) rely on their niche environment for proper functionality and self-renewal. While extracellular vesicles (EV), specifically small EVs (sEV), have been proposed to support LEPC homeostasis, data on sEV derived from limbal niche cells like limbal mesenchymal stromal cells (LMSC) remain limited, and there are no studies on sEVs from limbal melanocytes (LM). In this study, we isolated sEV from conditioned media of LMSC and LM using a combination of tangential flow filtration and size exclusion chromatography and characterized them by nanoparticle tracking analysis, transmission electron microscopy, Western blot, multiplex bead arrays, and quantitative mass spectrometry. The internalization of sEV by LEPC was studied using flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. The isolated sEVs exhibited typical EV characteristics, including cell-specific markers such as CD90 for LMSC-sEV and Melan-A for LM-sEV. Bioinformatics analysis of the proteomic data suggested a significant role of sEVs in extracellular matrix deposition, with LMSC-derived sEV containing proteins involved in collagen remodeling and cell matrix adhesion, whereas LM-sEV proteins were implicated in other cellular bioprocesses such as cellular pigmentation and development. Moreover, fluorescently labeled LMSC-sEV and LM-sEV were taken up by LEPC and localized to their perinuclear compartment. These findings provide valuable insights into the complex role of sEV from niche cells in regulating the human limbal stem cell niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Kistenmacher
- Eye Center, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Killianstrasse 5, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Melanie Schwämmle
- Eye Center, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Killianstrasse 5, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schaenzlestrasse 1, D–79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Gottfried Martin
- Eye Center, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Killianstrasse 5, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Eva Ulrich
- Eye Center, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Killianstrasse 5, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Tholen
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79085 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Oliver Schilling
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79085 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Andreas Gießl
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlan-gen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ursula Schlötzer-Schrehardt
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlan-gen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Felicitas Bucher
- Eye Center, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Killianstrasse 5, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Günther Schlunck
- Eye Center, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Killianstrasse 5, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Irina Nazarenko
- Institute for Infection Prevention and Hospital Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Reinhard
- Eye Center, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Killianstrasse 5, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Naresh Polisetti
- Eye Center, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Killianstrasse 5, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
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6
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Eriksson I, Öllinger K. Lysosomes in Cancer-At the Crossroad of Good and Evil. Cells 2024; 13:459. [PMID: 38474423 DOI: 10.3390/cells13050459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Although it has been known for decades that lysosomes are central for degradation and recycling in the cell, their pivotal role as nutrient sensing signaling hubs has recently become of central interest. Since lysosomes are highly dynamic and in constant change regarding content and intracellular position, fusion/fission events allow communication between organelles in the cell, as well as cell-to-cell communication via exocytosis of lysosomal content and release of extracellular vesicles. Lysosomes also mediate different forms of regulated cell death by permeabilization of the lysosomal membrane and release of their content to the cytosol. In cancer cells, lysosomal biogenesis and autophagy are increased to support the increased metabolism and allow growth even under nutrient- and oxygen-poor conditions. Tumor cells also induce exocytosis of lysosomal content to the extracellular space to promote invasion and metastasis. However, due to the enhanced lysosomal function, cancer cells are often more susceptible to lysosomal membrane permeabilization, providing an alternative strategy to induce cell death. This review summarizes the current knowledge of cancer-associated alterations in lysosomal structure and function and illustrates how lysosomal exocytosis and release of extracellular vesicles affect disease progression. We focus on functional differences depending on lysosomal localization and the regulation of intracellular transport, and lastly provide insight how new therapeutic strategies can exploit the power of the lysosome and improve cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Eriksson
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, 58185 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Karin Öllinger
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, 58185 Linköping, Sweden
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7
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Carpenter MA, Thyagarajan A, Owens M, Annamraju R, Borchers CB, Travers JB, Kemp MG. The acid sphingomyelinase inhibitor imipramine enhances the release of UV photoproduct-containing DNA in small extracellular vesicles in UVB-irradiated human skin. Photochem Photobiol 2024. [PMID: 38433456 DOI: 10.1111/php.13932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Nucleic acids, lipids, and other cell components can be found within different types of extracellular vesicles (EVs), which include apoptotic bodies (ABs), large extracellular vesicles (LEVs), and small extracellular vesicles (SEVs). Release of LEVs from cells can be reduced by genetic or pharmacological inhibition of the enzyme acid sphinogomyelinase (aSMase), and indeed several studies have demonstrated a role for the clinically approved aSMase inhibitor imipramine in blocking LEV release, including in response to UVB exposure. Given that exposure of keratinocytes to UVB radiation results in the generation of UVR photoproducts in DNA that can subsequently be found in association with ABs and SEVs, we examined how imipramine impacts the release of extracellular DNA containing UVR photoproducts at an early time point after UVR exposure. Using several different model systems, including cultured keratinocytes in vitro, discarded human surgical skin ex vivo, and skin biopsies obtained from treated human subjects, these pilot studies suggest that imipramine treatment stimulates the release of CPD-containing, SEV-associated DNA. These surprising findings indicate that LEV and SEV generation pathways could be linked in UVB-irradiated cells and that imipramine may exacerbate the systemic effects of extracellular UVR-damaged DNA throughout the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Alexandra Carpenter
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, Ohio, USA
| | - Anita Thyagarajan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, Ohio, USA
| | - Madison Owens
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, Ohio, USA
| | - Risha Annamraju
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, Ohio, USA
| | - Christina B Borchers
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, Ohio, USA
| | - Jeffrey B Travers
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, Ohio, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, Ohio, USA
- Dayton VA Medical Center, Dayton, Ohio, USA
| | - Michael G Kemp
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, Ohio, USA
- Dayton VA Medical Center, Dayton, Ohio, USA
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8
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Tagore M, Hergenreder E, Perlee SC, Cruz NM, Menocal L, Suresh S, Chan E, Baron M, Melendez S, Dave A, Chatila WK, Nsengimana J, Koche RP, Hollmann TJ, Ideker T, Studer L, Schietinger A, White RM. GABA Regulates Electrical Activity and Tumor Initiation in Melanoma. Cancer Discov 2023; 13:2270-2291. [PMID: 37553760 PMCID: PMC10551668 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-23-0389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Oncogenes can initiate tumors only in certain cellular contexts, which is referred to as oncogenic competence. In melanoma, whether cells in the microenvironment can endow such competence remains unclear. Using a combination of zebrafish transgenesis coupled with human tissues, we demonstrate that GABAergic signaling between keratinocytes and melanocytes promotes melanoma initiation by BRAFV600E. GABA is synthesized in melanoma cells, which then acts on GABA-A receptors in keratinocytes. Electron microscopy demonstrates specialized cell-cell junctions between keratinocytes and melanoma cells, and multielectrode array analysis shows that GABA acts to inhibit electrical activity in melanoma/keratinocyte cocultures. Genetic and pharmacologic perturbation of GABA synthesis abrogates melanoma initiation in vivo. These data suggest that GABAergic signaling across the skin microenvironment regulates the ability of oncogenes to initiate melanoma. SIGNIFICANCE This study shows evidence of GABA-mediated regulation of electrical activity between melanoma cells and keratinocytes, providing a new mechanism by which the microenvironment promotes tumor initiation. This provides insights into the role of the skin microenvironment in early melanomas while identifying GABA as a potential therapeutic target in melanoma. See related commentary by Ceol, p. 2128. This article is featured in Selected Articles from This Issue, p. 2109.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohita Tagore
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Emiliano Hergenreder
- The Center for Stem Cell Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, New York
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, New York
- Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, New York, New York
| | - Sarah C. Perlee
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Gerstner Sloan Kettering Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Nelly M. Cruz
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Laura Menocal
- Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, New York, New York
| | - Shruthy Suresh
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Eric Chan
- Molecular Cytology Core Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Maayan Baron
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Stephanie Melendez
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Asim Dave
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Walid K. Chatila
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Jeremie Nsengimana
- Biostatistics Research Group, Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Richard P. Koche
- Center for Epigenetics Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Travis J. Hollmann
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Trey Ideker
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Lorenz Studer
- The Center for Stem Cell Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, New York
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, New York
| | - Andrea Schietinger
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Richard M. White
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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9
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Kluszczynska K, Czyz M. Extracellular Vesicles-Based Cell-Cell Communication in Melanoma: New Perspectives in Diagnostics and Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24020965. [PMID: 36674479 PMCID: PMC9865538 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24020965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogeneous group of cell-secreted particles that carry cargo of functional biomolecules crucial for cell-to-cell communication with both physiological and pathophysiological consequences. In this review, we focus on evidence demonstrating that the EV-mediated crosstalk between melanoma cells within tumor, between melanoma cells and immune and stromal cells, promotes immune evasion and influences all steps of melanoma development from local progression, pre-metastatic niche formation, to metastatic colonization of distant organs. We also discuss the role of EVs in the development of resistance to immunotherapy and therapy with BRAFV600/MEK inhibitors, and shortly summarize the recent advances on the potential applications of EVs in melanoma diagnostics and therapy.
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10
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Wang M, Wu P, Huang J, Liu W, Qian H, Sun Y, Shi H. Skin cell-derived extracellular vesicles: a promising therapeutic strategy for cutaneous injury. BURNS & TRAUMA 2022; 10:tkac037. [PMID: 36267497 PMCID: PMC9580071 DOI: 10.1093/burnst/tkac037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Wound healing refers to the healing process that occurs after the skin and other tissues are separated or damaged by internal or external forces. It is a complex combination of tissue regeneration, granulation tissue hyperplasia, and scar formation, and shows the synergistic effects of these processes. After skin damage, the environment around the wound and the cells at site of the damage respond immediately, and a range of cytokines and growth factors are released. In cutaneous injury, extracellular vesicle (EV) signaling plays a vital role in the healing process via paracrine and endocrine mechanisms. EVs are natural intercellular and inter-organ communication tools that carry various bioactive substances for message exchange. Stem cells and stem cell EVs facilitate tissue repair, showing promising potential in regenerative medicine. Nevertheless, EVs derived from specific skin tissue cells, such as epidermal cells, fibroblasts, vascular endothelial cells and inflammatory cells, also play important roles in cutaneous tissue repair. Here, we describe the characteristics of wound healing, concentrating on the production and functions of EVs derived from specific skin cells, and provide new ideas for wound therapy using EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Stem Cell, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212000, China
| | - Peipei Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Yixing Hospital of Jiangsu University, Yixing 214200, China
| | - Jin Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Yixing Hospital of Jiangsu University, Yixing 214200, China
| | - Wenhui Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Stem Cell, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212000, China
| | - Hui Qian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Stem Cell, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212000, China
| | - Yaoxiang Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Stem Cell, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212000, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Yixing Hospital of Jiangsu University, Yixing 214200, China
| | - Hui Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Stem Cell, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212000, China
- Aoyang Institute of Cancer, Affiliated Aoyang Hospital of Jiangsu University, 279 Jingang Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215100, China
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11
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Cabaço LC, Bento-Lopes L, Neto MV, Ferreira A, Staubli WB, Ramalho JS, Seabra MC, Barral DC. RAB3A Regulates Melanin Exocytosis and Transfer Induced by Keratinocyte-Conditioned Medium. JID INNOVATIONS 2022; 2:100139. [PMID: 36090299 PMCID: PMC9460155 DOI: 10.1016/j.xjidi.2022.100139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin pigmentation is imparted by melanin and is crucial for photoprotection against UVR. Melanin is synthesized and packaged into melanosomes within melanocytes and is then transferred to keratinocytes (KCs). Although the molecular players involved in melanogenesis have been extensively studied, those underlying melanin transfer remain unclear. Previously, our group proposed that coupled exocytosis/phagocytosis is the predominant mechanism of melanin transfer in human skin and showed an essential role for RAB11B and the exocyst tethering complex in this process. In this study, we show that soluble factors present in KC-conditioned medium stimulate melanin exocytosis from melanocytes and transfer to KCs. Moreover, we found that these factors are released by differentiated KCs but not by basal layer KCs. Furthermore, we found that RAB3A regulates melanin exocytosis and transfer stimulated by KC-conditioned medium. Indeed, KC-conditioned medium enhances the recruitment of RAB3A to melanosomes in melanocyte dendrites. Therefore, our results suggest the existence of two distinct routes of melanin exocytosis: a basal route controlled by RAB11B and a RAB3A-dependent route, stimulated by KC-conditioned medium. Thus, this study provides evidence that soluble factors released by differentiated KCs control skin pigmentation by promoting the accumulation of RAB3A-positive melanosomes in melanocyte dendrites and their release and subsequent transfer to KCs.
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Key Words
- CO2, carbon dioxide
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- FCM, fibroblast-conditioned medium
- HEKn, human neonatal epidermal keratinocyte
- HEMn-DP, human neonatal epidermal darkly pigmented melanocyte
- KC, keratinocyte
- KCM, keratinocyte-conditioned medium
- MKCM, melanocyte-/keratinocyte-conditioned medium
- miRNA, microRNA
- pKCM, primary keratinocyte-conditioned medium
- siRNA, small interfering RNA
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís C. Cabaço
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS, FCM, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Liliana Bento-Lopes
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS, FCM, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Matilde V. Neto
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS, FCM, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Andreia Ferreira
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS, FCM, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Wanja B.L. Staubli
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS, FCM, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - José S. Ramalho
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS, FCM, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Miguel C. Seabra
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS, FCM, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Duarte C. Barral
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS, FCM, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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12
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Rachinger N, Mittag N, Böhme-Schäfer I, Xiang W, Kuphal S, Bosserhoff AK. Alpha-Synuclein and Its Role in Melanocytes. Cells 2022; 11:cells11132087. [PMID: 35805172 PMCID: PMC9265281 DOI: 10.3390/cells11132087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Pigmentation is an important process in skin physiology and skin diseases and presumably also plays a role in Parkinson’s disease (PD). In PD, alpha-Synuclein (aSyn) has been shown to be involved in the pigmentation of neurons. The presynaptic protein is intensively investigated for its pathological role in PD, but its physiological function remains unknown. We hypothesized that aSyn is both involved in melanocytic differentiation and melanosome trafficking processes. We detected a strong expression of aSyn in human epidermal melanocytes (NHEMs) and observed its regulation in melanocytic differentiation via the microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), a central regulator of differentiation. Moreover, we investigated its role in pigmentation by performing siRNA experiments but found no effect on the total melanin content. We discovered a localization of aSyn to melanosomes, and further analysis of aSyn knockdown revealed an important role in melanocytic morphology and a reduction in melanosome release. Additionally, we found a reduction of transferred melanosomes in co-culture experiments of melanocytes and keratinocytes but no complete inhibition of melanosome transmission. In summary, this study highlights a novel physiological role of aSyn in melanocytic morphology and its so far unknown function in the pigment secretion in melanocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Rachinger
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (N.R.); (I.B.-S.); (S.K.)
| | - Nora Mittag
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany;
| | - Ines Böhme-Schäfer
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (N.R.); (I.B.-S.); (S.K.)
| | - Wei Xiang
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Silke Kuphal
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (N.R.); (I.B.-S.); (S.K.)
| | - Anja K. Bosserhoff
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (N.R.); (I.B.-S.); (S.K.)
- Correspondence:
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13
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Bustos SO, Leal Santos N, Chammas R, Andrade LNDS. Secretory Autophagy Forges a Therapy Resistant Microenvironment in Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:234. [PMID: 35008395 PMCID: PMC8749976 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14010234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the most aggressive skin cancer characterized by high mutational burden and large heterogeneity. Cancer cells are surrounded by a complex environment, critical to tumor establishment and progression. Thus, tumor-associated stromal components can sustain tumor demands or impair cancer cell progression. One way to manage such processes is through the regulation of autophagy, both in stromal and tumor cells. Autophagy is a catabolic mechanism that provides nutrients and energy, and it eliminates damaged organelles by degradation and recycling of cellular elements. Besides this primary function, autophagy plays multiple roles in the tumor microenvironment capable of affecting cell fate. Evidence demonstrates the existence of novel branches in the autophagy system related to cytoplasmic constituent's secretion. Hence, autophagy-dependent secretion assembles a tangled network of signaling that potentially contributes to metabolism reprogramming, immune regulation, and tumor progression. Here, we summarize the current awareness regarding secretory autophagy and the intersection with exosome biogenesis and release in melanoma and their role in tumor resistance. In addition, we present and discuss data from public databases concerning autophagy and exosome-related genes as important mediators of melanoma behavior. Finally, we will present the main challenges in the field and strategies to translate most of the pre-clinical findings to clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvina Odete Bustos
- Center for Translational Research in Oncology (LIM24), Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246-000, Brazil; (N.L.S.); (R.C.)
| | | | | | - Luciana Nogueira de Sousa Andrade
- Center for Translational Research in Oncology (LIM24), Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246-000, Brazil; (N.L.S.); (R.C.)
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14
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Li Y, Xiao Q, Tang J, Xiong L, Li L. Extracellular Vesicles: Emerging Therapeutics in Cutaneous Lesions. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:6183-6202. [PMID: 34522095 PMCID: PMC8434831 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s322356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), as nanoscale membranous vesicles containing DNAs, RNAs, lipids and proteins, have emerged as promising diagnostic and therapeutic agents for skin diseases. Here, we summarize the basic physiology of the skin and the biological characteristic of EVs. Further, we describe the applications of EVs in the treatment of dermatological conditions such as skin infection, inflammatory skin diseases, skin repair and rejuvenation and skin cancer. In particular, plant-derived EVs and clinical trials are discussed. In addition, challenges and perspectives related to the preclinical and clinical applications of EVs are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Li
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.,Cosmetics Safety and Efficacy Evaluation Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.,NMPA Key Laboratory for Human Evaluation and Big Data of Cosmetics, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Xiao
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.,Cosmetics Safety and Efficacy Evaluation Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.,NMPA Key Laboratory for Human Evaluation and Big Data of Cosmetics, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Tang
- Cosmetics Safety and Efficacy Evaluation Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.,NMPA Key Laboratory for Human Evaluation and Big Data of Cosmetics, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.,Sichuan Engineering Technology Research Center of Cosmetic, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Lidan Xiong
- Cosmetics Safety and Efficacy Evaluation Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.,NMPA Key Laboratory for Human Evaluation and Big Data of Cosmetics, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.,Sichuan Engineering Technology Research Center of Cosmetic, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.,Cosmetics Safety and Efficacy Evaluation Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.,NMPA Key Laboratory for Human Evaluation and Big Data of Cosmetics, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.,Sichuan Engineering Technology Research Center of Cosmetic, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
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15
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Dilna A, Deepak KV, Damodaran N, Kielkopf CS, Kagedal K, Ollinger K, Nath S. Amyloid-β induced membrane damage instigates tunneling nanotube-like conduits by p21-activated kinase dependent actin remodulation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1867:166246. [PMID: 34403739 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology progresses gradually via anatomically connected brain regions. Direct transfer of amyloid-β1-42 oligomers (oAβ) between connected neurons has been shown, however, the mechanism is not fully revealed. We observed formation of oAβ induced tunneling nanotubes (TNTs)-like nanoscaled f-actin containing membrane conduits, in differentially differentiated SH-SY5Y neuronal models. Time-lapse images showed that oAβ propagate from one cell to another via TNT-like structures. Preceding the formation of TNT-like conduits, we detected oAβ-induced plasma membrane (PM) damage and calcium-dependent repair through lysosomal-exocytosis, followed by massive endocytosis to re-establish the PM. Massive endocytosis was monitored by an influx of the membrane-staining dye TMA-DPH and PM damage was quantified by propidium iodide influx in the absence of Ca2+. The massive endocytosis eventually caused accumulation of internalized oAβ in Lamp1 positive multivesicular bodies/lysosomes via the actin cytoskeleton remodulating p21-activated kinase1 (PAK1) dependent endocytic pathway. Three-dimensional quantitative confocal imaging, structured illumination superresolution microscopy, and flowcytometry quantifications revealed that oAβ induces activation of phospho-PAK1, which modulates the formation of long stretched f-actin extensions between cells. Moreover, the formation of TNT-like conduits was inhibited by preventing PAK1-dependent internalization of oAβ using the small-molecule inhibitor IPA-3, a highly selective cell-permeable auto-regulatory inhibitor of PAK1. The present study reveals that the TNT-like conduits are probably instigated as a consequence of oAβ induced PM damage and repair process, followed by PAK1 dependent endocytosis and actin remodeling, probably to maintain cell surface expansion and/or membrane tension in equilibrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysha Dilna
- Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Bangalore 560065, India
| | - K V Deepak
- Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Bangalore 560065, India
| | - Nandini Damodaran
- Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Bangalore 560065, India
| | - Claudia S Kielkopf
- Experimental Pathology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences Linköping University, 581 85 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Katarina Kagedal
- Experimental Pathology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences Linköping University, 581 85 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Karin Ollinger
- Experimental Pathology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences Linköping University, 581 85 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Sangeeta Nath
- Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Bangalore 560065, India.
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16
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Moreiras H, Seabra MC, Barral DC. Melanin Transfer in the Epidermis: The Pursuit of Skin Pigmentation Control Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4466. [PMID: 33923362 PMCID: PMC8123122 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms by which the pigment melanin is transferred from melanocytes and processed within keratinocytes to achieve skin pigmentation remain ill-characterized. Nevertheless, several models have emerged in the past decades to explain the transfer process. Here, we review the proposed models for melanin transfer in the skin epidermis, the available evidence supporting each one, and the recent observations in favor of the exo/phagocytosis and shed vesicles models. In order to reconcile the transfer models, we propose that different mechanisms could co-exist to sustain skin pigmentation under different conditions. We also discuss the limited knowledge about melanin processing within keratinocytes. Finally, we pinpoint new questions that ought to be addressed to solve the long-lasting quest for the understanding of how basal skin pigmentation is controlled. This knowledge will allow the emergence of new strategies to treat pigmentary disorders that cause a significant socio-economic burden to patients and healthcare systems worldwide and could also have relevant cosmetic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Duarte C. Barral
- iNOVA4Health, CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, NMS, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal; (H.M.); (M.C.S.)
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17
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Lovisolo F, Carton F, Gino S, Migliario M, Renò F. Photobiomodulation induces microvesicle release in human keratinocytes: PI3 kinase-dependent pathway role. Lasers Med Sci 2021; 37:479-487. [PMID: 33826015 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-021-03285-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Microvesicles (MVs, 100-1000 nm diameter) are released into the extracellular environment by mammalian cells. MVs interact with near or remote cells through different mechanisms; in particular, MVs from human keratinocytes accelerate wound healing. Photobiomodulation by laser improves wound healing, but no information is available about its effects on MV release from human keratinocyte. Human-immortalized keratinocytes (human adult low-calcium high-temperature, HaCaT) were starved for 24 h and then irradiated using a 980-nm energy density of 0, 16.2, 32.5, and 48.7 J/cm2. After 24 h, MVs released in the conditioned medium were isolated, stained, and quantified using flow cytometry. MVs were distinguished from exosomes on the basis of their volume (forward scatter signals). In some experiments, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI-3K) activity, involved in MV release and stimulated by laser light, was inhibited by pre-treating cells with Wortmannin (WRT, 10 μg/mL). MVs were observed in HaCaT-conditioned medium both in basal- and laser-stimulated conditions. Photobiomodulation therapy, also known as PBMT, was able to increase MV release from human keratinocytes reaching a maximum effect at 32.5 J/cm2 with a stimulation of (148.6 ±15.1)% of basal (p<0.001). PI-3K activity inhibition strongly reduced both basal- and laser-induced MV release; but PBMT by laser still increased MV release, compared to basal values in the presence of WRT. In vitro near infrared photobiomodulation increased the releasing of MVs from human keratinocytes, while Wortmannin, a PI-3K inhibitor, negatively affects both basal- and laser-induced releasing. Laser-induced MV release could be a new effect of biostimulation on the wound healing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Lovisolo
- Innovative Research Laboratory for Wound Healing, Health Sciences Department, Università del Piemonte Orientale, via Solaroli 17, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Flavia Carton
- Innovative Research Laboratory for Wound Healing, Health Sciences Department, Università del Piemonte Orientale, via Solaroli 17, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Sarah Gino
- Innovative Research Laboratory for Wound Healing, Health Sciences Department, Università del Piemonte Orientale, via Solaroli 17, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Mario Migliario
- Dental Clinic, Health Sciences Department, Università del Piemonte Orientale, via Solaroli 17, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Filippo Renò
- Innovative Research Laboratory for Wound Healing, Health Sciences Department, Università del Piemonte Orientale, via Solaroli 17, 28100, Novara, Italy.
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18
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Machado ER, Annunziata I, van de Vlekkert D, Grosveld GC, d’Azzo A. Lysosomes and Cancer Progression: A Malignant Liaison. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:642494. [PMID: 33718382 PMCID: PMC7952443 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.642494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
During primary tumorigenesis isolated cancer cells may undergo genetic or epigenetic changes that render them responsive to additional intrinsic or extrinsic cues, so that they enter a transitional state and eventually acquire an aggressive, metastatic phenotype. Among these changes is the alteration of the cell metabolic/catabolic machinery that creates the most permissive conditions for invasion, dissemination, and survival. The lysosomal system has emerged as a crucial player in this malignant transformation, making this system a potential therapeutic target in cancer. By virtue of their ubiquitous distribution in mammalian cells, their multifaced activities that control catabolic and anabolic processes, and their interplay with other organelles and the plasma membrane (PM), lysosomes function as platforms for inter- and intracellular communication. This is due to their capacity to adapt and sense nutrient availability, to spatially segregate specific functions depending on their position, to fuse with other compartments and with the PM, and to engage in membrane contact sites (MCS) with other organelles. Here we review the latest advances in our understanding of the role of the lysosomal system in cancer progression. We focus on how changes in lysosomal nutrient sensing, as well as lysosomal positioning, exocytosis, and fusion perturb the communication between tumor cells themselves and between tumor cells and their microenvironment. Finally, we describe the potential impact of MCS between lysosomes and other organelles in propelling cancer growth and spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eda R. Machado
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Ida Annunziata
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | | | - Gerard C. Grosveld
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Alessandra d’Azzo
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Graduate Health Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
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19
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Fitsiou E, Pulido T, Campisi J, Alimirah F, Demaria M. Cellular Senescence and the Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype as Drivers of Skin Photoaging. J Invest Dermatol 2020; 141:1119-1126. [PMID: 33349436 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Chronic exposure to UVR is known to disrupt tissue homeostasis, accelerate the onset of age-related phenotypes, and increase the risk for skin cancer-a phenomenon defined as photoaging. In this paper, we review the current knowledge on how UV exposure causes cells to prematurely enter cellular senescence. We describe the mechanisms contributing to the accumulation of senescent cells in the skin and how the persistence of cellular senescence can promote impaired regenerative capacity, chronic inflammation, and tumorigenesis associated with photoaging. We conclude by highlighting the potential of senolytic drugs in delaying the onset and progression of age-associated phenotypes in the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Fitsiou
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tanya Pulido
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, USA
| | - Judith Campisi
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, USA; Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | | | - Marco Demaria
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands.
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20
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Wong PM, Yang L, Yang L, Wu H, Li W, Ma X, Katayama I, Zhang H. New insight into the role of exosomes in vitiligo. Autoimmun Rev 2020; 19:102664. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2020.102664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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21
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Hsu CH, Jiang YJ. Does Nicastrin Inadequacy Cause Melanocytotoxicity in Human Skin as in the Fish Counterpart? J Invest Dermatol 2020; 141:1334-1338. [PMID: 33058861 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hao Hsu
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Jin Jiang
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County, Taiwan; Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan; Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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22
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Nasiri G, Azarpira N, Alizadeh A, Goshtasbi S, Tayebi L. Shedding light on the role of keratinocyte-derived extracellular vesicles on skin-homing cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:421. [PMID: 32993791 PMCID: PMC7523352 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01929-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are secretory lipid membranes with the ability to regulate cellular functions by exchanging biological components between different cells. Resident skin cells such as keratinocytes, fibroblasts, melanocytes, and inflammatory cells can secrete different types of EVs depending on their biological state. These vesicles can influence the physiological properties and pathological processes of skin, such as pigmentation, cutaneous immunity, and wound healing. Since keratinocytes constitute the majority of skin cells, secreted EVs from these cells may alter the pathophysiological behavior of other skin cells. This paper reviews the contents of keratinocyte-derived EVs and their impact on fibroblasts, melanocytes, and immune cells to provide an insight for better understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of skin disorders and their use in related therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golara Nasiri
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Negar Azarpira
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Khalili Street, Shiraz, 7193711351 Iran
| | - Aliakbar Alizadeh
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sanaz Goshtasbi
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Khalili Street, Shiraz, 7193711351 Iran
| | - Lobat Tayebi
- Marquette University School of Dentistry, Milwaukee, WI 53233 USA
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23
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An M, Kim H, Moon JM, Ko HS, Clayton P, Lim YH. Enzyme-Treated Zizania latifolia Ethanol Extract Protects from UVA Irradiation-Induced Wrinkle Formation via Inhibition of Lysosome Exocytosis and Reactive Oxygen Species Generation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9100912. [PMID: 32987843 PMCID: PMC7600157 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9100912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet A (UVA) is a risk factor for photoaging and wrinkle formation. Zizania latifolia is an herbaceous perennial plant. It contains many bioactive compounds such as tricin that show antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the antiwrinkle effect of a mixture of hydrolytic enzyme (cellulase, hemicellulase and pectinase)-treated Z. latifolia extract (ZLE) and tricin on UVA-irradiated human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) and SKH-1 hairless mice. Treatment of UVA-irradiated HDF cells with ZLE and tricin significantly decreased UVA induced-plasma membrane rupture, generation of ROS, expression levels of total and secreted lysosomal associated membrane protein (LAMP-1), cathepsin B and metalloproteinases (MMPs) and inhibited NF-κB activation. In the animal study, UVA-damaged epidermal and dermal tissues were repaired by the ZLE and tricin treatments. Administration of ZLE or tricin to UVA-irradiated animals recovered skin surface moisture and collagen fiber in dermal tissue. Treatment of ZLE or tricin decreased wrinkle formation, secretion of MMPs and expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and cathepsin B, and increased the expression level of collagen-1 in UVA-irradiated animals. Overall, the ZLE and tricin treatments decreased the skin damage induced by UVA irradiation via inhibition of lysosomal exocytosis and ROS generation. Therefore, ZLE and tricin are promising as antiwrinkle and antiphotoaging agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirae An
- Department of Public Health Science (BK21 PLUS Program), Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea;
| | - Hyungkeun Kim
- Department of Oral Biology, Oral Cancer Research Institute (BK21 PLUS Program), Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Korea;
- Department of Applied Life Science, Graduated School, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
- BTC Corporation, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Korea;
| | | | - Hyun-Soo Ko
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea;
| | - Paul Clayton
- Institute of Food, Brain and Behaviour, Beaver House, 23-38 Hyde Bridge Street, Oxford OX1 2EP, UK;
| | - Young-Hee Lim
- Department of Public Health Science (BK21 PLUS Program), Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea;
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea;
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul 08308, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-3290-5635
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24
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Brás MM, Radmacher M, Sousa SR, Granja PL. Melanoma in the Eyes of Mechanobiology. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:54. [PMID: 32117980 PMCID: PMC7027391 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin is the largest organ of the human body with several important functions that can be impaired by injury, genetic or chronic diseases. Among all skin diseases, melanoma is one of the most severe, which can lead to death, due to metastization. Mechanotransduction has a crucial role for motility, invasion, adhesion and metastization processes, since it deals with the response of cells to physical forces. Signaling pathways are important to understand how physical cues produced or mediated by the Extracellular Matrix (ECM), affect healthy and tumor cells. During these processes, several molecules in the nucleus and cytoplasm are activated. Melanocytes, keratinocytes, fibroblasts and the ECM, play a crucial role in melanoma formation. This manuscript will address the synergy among melanocytes, keratinocytes, fibroblasts cells and the ECM considering their mechanical contribution and relevance in this disease. Mechanical properties of melanoma cells can also be influenced by pigmentation, which can be associated with changes in stiffness. Mechanical changes can be related with the adhesion, migration, or invasiveness potential of melanoma cells promoting a high metastization capacity of this cancer. Mechanosensing, mechanotransduction, and mechanoresponse will be highlighted with respect to the motility, invasion, adhesion and metastization in melanoma cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Manuela Brás
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Susana R. Sousa
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro L. Granja
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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25
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Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Senescent Fibroblasts Attenuate the Dermal Effect on Keratinocyte Differentiation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21031022. [PMID: 32033114 PMCID: PMC7037765 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21031022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The skin is a multilayered and primary defensive organ. Intimate intercellular communication in the skin is necessary to ensure effective surveillance. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are being explored for their involvement in intercellular skin communication. The aim of this study was to evaluate how human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) accelerate EV production during senescence and the effects of senescence-associated EVs on epidermal homeostasis. Replicative senescent HDFs were assessed with senescence-associated β-galactosidase staining and the expression of senescence-related markers. Isolated EVs were characterized by dynamic light scattering and EV marker expression. EVs secreted from untreated young or senescent HDFs, or from those treated with a nSMase inhibitor, antioxidant, and lysosomal activity regulators, were determined by sandwich ELISA for CD81. Human epidermal keratinocytes were treated with young- and senescent HDF-derived EVs. Compared to young HDFs, senescent HDFs produced relatively high levels of EVs due to the increased nSMase activity, oxidative stress, and altered lysosomal activity. The nSMase inhibitor, antioxidant, and agents that recovered lysosomal activity reduced EV secretion in senescent HDFs. Relative to young HDF-derived EVs, senescent HDF-derived EVs were less supportive in keratinocyte differentiation and barrier function but increased proinflammatory cytokine IL-6 levels. Our study suggests that dermis-derived EVs may regulate epidermal homeostasis by reflecting cellular status, which provides insight as to how the dermis communicates with the epidermis and influences skin senescence.
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26
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Wäster P, Eriksson I, Vainikka L, Öllinger K. Extracellular vesicles released by melanocytes after UVA irradiation promote intercellular signaling via miR21. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2020; 33:542-555. [PMID: 31909885 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Skin pigmentation is controlled by complex crosstalk between melanocytes and keratinocytes and is primarily induced by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. Several aspects of UVA-induced signaling remain to be explored. In skin cells, UVA induces plasma membrane damage, which is repaired by lysosomal exocytosis followed by instant shedding of extracellular vesicles (EVs) from the plasma membrane. The released EVs are taken up by neighboring cells. To elucidate the intercellular crosstalk induced by UVA irradiation, EVs were purified from UVA-exposed melanocytes and added to keratinocytes. Transcriptome analysis of the keratinocytes revealed the activation of TGF-β and IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathways and subsequent upregulation of microRNA (miR)21. EVs induced phosphorylation of ERK and JNK, reduced protein levels of PDCD4 and PTEN, and augment antiapoptotic signaling. Consequently, keratinocyte proliferation and migration were stimulated and UV-induced apoptosis was significantly reduced. Interestingly, melanoma cells and melanoma spheroids also generate increased amounts of EVs with capacity to stimulate proliferation and migration upon UVA. In conclusion, we present a novel intercellular crosstalk mediated by UVA-induced lysosome-derived EVs leading to the activation of proliferation and antiapoptotic signaling via miR21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Wäster
- Experimental Pathology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Ida Eriksson
- Experimental Pathology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Linda Vainikka
- Experimental Pathology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Karin Öllinger
- Experimental Pathology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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27
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Škalamera D, Stevenson AJ, Ehmann A, Ainger SA, Lanagan C, Sturm RA, Gabrielli B. Melanoma mutations modify melanocyte dynamics in co-culture with keratinocytes or fibroblasts. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs.234716. [PMID: 31767623 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.234716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanocytic cell interactions are integral to skin homeostasis, and affect the outcome of multiple diseases, including cutaneous pigmentation disorders and melanoma. By using automated-microscopy and machine-learning-assisted morphology analysis of primary human melanocytes in co-culture, we performed combinatorial interrogation of melanocyte genotypic variants and functional assessment of lentivirus-introduced mutations. Keratinocyte-induced melanocyte dendricity, an indicator of melanocyte differentiation, was reduced in the melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) R/R variant strain and by NRAS.Q61K and BRAF.V600E expression, while expression of CDK4.R24C and RAC1.P29S had no detectable effect. Time-lapse tracking of melanocytes in co-culture revealed dynamic interaction phenotypes and hyper-motile cell states that indicated that, in addition to the known role in activating mitogenic signalling, MEK-pathway-activating mutations may also allow melanocytes to escape keratinocyte control and increase their invasive potential. Expanding this combinatorial platform will identify other therapeutic target mutations and melanocyte genetic variants, as well as increase understanding of skin cell interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dubravka Škalamera
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, 4102 QLD, Australia
| | - Alexander J Stevenson
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, 4102 QLD, Australia
| | - Anna Ehmann
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, 4102 QLD, Australia
| | - Stephen A Ainger
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, 4102 QLD, Australia
| | - Catherine Lanagan
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, 4102 QLD, Australia
| | - Richard A Sturm
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, 4102 QLD, Australia
| | - Brian Gabrielli
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, 4102 QLD, Australia
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28
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Than UTT, Leavesley DI, Parker TJ. Characteristics and roles of extracellular vesicles released by epidermal keratinocytes. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2019; 33:2264-2272. [PMID: 31403744 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.15859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Keratinocytes, which constitute 90% of the cells in the epidermis of the skin, have been demonstrated to communicate with other skin cells such as fibroblasts, melanocytes and immune cells through extracellular vesicles (EVs). This communication is facilitated by the enriched EV biomolecular cargo which regulates multiple biological processes within skin tissue, including cell proliferation, cell migration, anti-apoptosis, pigmentation transfer and extracellular matrix remodelling. This review will provide an overview of the current literature and advances in the field of keratinocyte-derived EV research with particular regard to the interactions and communication between keratinocytes and other skin cells, mediated by EVs and EV components. Importantly, this information may shed some light on the potential for keratinocyte-derived EVs in future biomedical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- U T T Than
- Vinmec Research Institute of Stem Cell and Gene Technology, Vinmec International Hospital, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - D I Leavesley
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore.,School of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - T J Parker
- School of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.,Tissue Repair and Translational Physiology Program, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Qld, Australia
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29
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Terlecki-Zaniewicz L, Pils V, Bobbili MR, Lämmermann I, Perrotta I, Grillenberger T, Schwestka J, Weiß K, Pum D, Arcalis E, Schwingenschuh S, Birngruber T, Brandstetter M, Heuser T, Schosserer M, Morizot F, Mildner M, Stöger E, Tschachler E, Weinmüllner R, Gruber F, Grillari J. Extracellular Vesicles in Human Skin: Cross-Talk from Senescent Fibroblasts to Keratinocytes by miRNAs. J Invest Dermatol 2019; 139:2425-2436.e5. [PMID: 31220456 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) and their miRNA cargo are intercellular communicators transmitting their pleiotropic messages between different cell types, tissues, and body fluids. Recently, they have been reported to contribute to skin homeostasis and were identified as members of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype of human dermal fibroblasts. However, the role of EV-miRNAs in paracrine signaling during skin aging is yet unclear. Here we provide evidence for the existence of small EVs in the human skin and dermal interstitial fluid using dermal open flow microperfusion and show that EVs and miRNAs are transferred from dermal fibroblasts to epidermal keratinocytes in 2D cell culture and in human skin equivalents. We further show that the transient presence of senescent fibroblast derived small EVs accelerates scratch closure of epidermal keratinocytes, whereas long-term incubation impairs keratinocyte differentiation in vitro. Finally, we identify vesicular miR-23a-3p, highly secreted by senescent fibroblasts, as one contributor of the EV-mediated effect on keratinocytes in in vitro wound healing assays. To summarize, our findings support the current view that EVs and their miRNA cargo are members of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype and, thus, regulators of human skin homeostasis during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Terlecki-Zaniewicz
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Biotechnology of Skin Aging, Vienna, Austria; Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vera Pils
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Biotechnology of Skin Aging, Vienna, Austria; Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Ingo Lämmermann
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Biotechnology of Skin Aging, Vienna, Austria; Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ida Perrotta
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Tonja Grillenberger
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Biotechnology of Skin Aging, Vienna, Austria; Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jennifer Schwestka
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Biotechnology of Skin Aging, Vienna, Austria; Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katrin Weiß
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Biotechnology of Skin Aging, Vienna, Austria; Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dietmar Pum
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elsa Arcalis
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Simon Schwingenschuh
- HEALTH - Institut für Biomedizin und Gesundheitswissenschaften, Joanneum Research, Graz, Austria
| | - Thomas Birngruber
- HEALTH - Institut für Biomedizin und Gesundheitswissenschaften, Joanneum Research, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Thomas Heuser
- Vienna BioCenter Core Facilities GmbH, Vienna, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Schosserer
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Michael Mildner
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva Stöger
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Erwin Tschachler
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Regina Weinmüllner
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Biotechnology of Skin Aging, Vienna, Austria; Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian Gruber
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Biotechnology of Skin Aging, Vienna, Austria; Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Grillari
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Biotechnology of Skin Aging, Vienna, Austria; Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Vienna, Austria.
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30
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Extracellular nanovesicles released from the commensal yeast Malassezia sympodialis are enriched in allergens and interact with cells in human skin. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9182. [PMID: 29907748 PMCID: PMC6004016 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27451-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Malassezia sympodialis is a dominant commensal fungi in the human skin mycobiome but is also associated with common skin disorders including atopic eczema (AE). M. sympodialis releases extracellular vesicles, designated MalaEx, which are carriers of small RNAs and allergens, and they can induce inflammatory cytokine responses. Here we explored how MalaEx are involved in host-microbe interactions by comparing protein content of MalaEx with that of the parental yeast cells, and by investigating interactions of MalaEx with cells in the skin. Cryo-electron tomography revealed a heterogeneous population of MalaEx. iTRAQ based quantitative proteomics identified in total 2439 proteins in all replicates of which 110 were enriched in MalaEx compared to the yeast cells. Among the MalaEx enriched proteins were two of the M. sympodialis allergens, Mala s 1 and s 7. Functional experiments indicated an active binding and internalization of MalaEx into human keratinocytes and monocytes, and MalaEx were found in close proximity of the nuclei using super-resolution fluorescence 3D-SIM imaging. Our results provides new insights into host-microbe interactions, supporting that MalaEx may have a role in the sensitization and maintenance of inflammation in AE by containing enriched amounts of allergens and with their ability to interact with skin cells.
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31
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Noh S, Choi H, Kim JS, Kim I, Mun JY. Study of hyperpigmentation in human skin disorder using different electron microscopy techniques. Microsc Res Tech 2018; 82:18-24. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seulgi Noh
- BK21 Plus Program, Department of Senior Healthcare, Graduate SchoolEulji UniversityDaejeon 34824 Korea
| | - Hyosun Choi
- BK21 Plus Program, Department of Senior Healthcare, Graduate SchoolEulji UniversityDaejeon 34824 Korea
| | - Ji Soo Kim
- Materials Characterization Center, Gumi Electronics and Information Technology Research InstituteGumi 39171 Korea
| | - Il‐Hwan Kim
- Department of DermatologyKorea University College of Medicine, Ansan HospitalAnsan Gyeonggi‐do 15355 Korea
| | - Ji Young Mun
- Department of Structure and Function of Neural NetworkKorea Brain Research InstituteDaegu 41068 Korea
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32
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Abstract
Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) is a neurotropic pathogen that can infect many types of cells and establishes latent infections in the neurons of sensory ganglia. In some cases, the virus spreads into the central nervous system, causing encephalitis or meningitis. Cells infected with several different types of viruses may secrete microvesicles (MVs) containing viral proteins and RNAs. In some instances, extracellular microvesicles harboring infectious virus have been found. Here we describe the features of shedding microvesicles released by the human oligodendroglial HOG cell line infected with HSV-1 and their participation in the viral cycle. Using transmission electron microscopy, we detected for the first time microvesicles containing HSV-1 virions. Interestingly, the Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line, which is resistant to infection by free HSV-1 virions, was susceptible to HSV-1 infection after being exposed to virus-containing microvesicles. Therefore, our results indicate for the first time that MVs released by infected cells contain virions, are endocytosed by naive cells, and lead to a productive infection. Furthermore, infection of CHO cells was not completely neutralized when virus-containing microvesicles were preincubated with neutralizing anti-HSV-1 antibodies. The lack of complete neutralization and the ability of MVs to infect nectin-1/HVEM-negative CHO-K1 cells suggest a novel way for HSV-1 to spread to and enter target cells. Taken together, our results suggest that HSV-1 could spread through microvesicles to expand its tropism and that microvesicles could shield the virus from neutralizing antibodies as a possible mechanism to escape the host immune response.IMPORTANCE Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) is a neurotropic pathogen that can infect many types of cells and establishes latent infections in neurons. Extracellular vesicles are a heterogeneous group of membrane vesicles secreted by most cell types. Microvesicles, which are extracellular vesicles which derive from the shedding of the plasma membrane, isolated from the supernatant of HSV-1-infected HOG cells were analyzed to find out whether they were involved in the viral cycle. The importance of our investigation lies in the detection, for the first time, of microvesicles containing HSV-1 virions. In addition, virus-containing microvesicles were endocytosed into CHO-K1 cells and were able to actively infect these otherwise nonpermissive cells. Finally, the infection of CHO cells with these virus-containing microvesicles was not completely neutralized by anti-HSV-1 antibodies, suggesting that these extracellular vesicles might shield the virus from neutralizing antibodies as a possible mechanism of immune evasion.
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33
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Lee JS, Peng B, Sabuncu AC, Nam S, Ahn C, Kim MJ, Kim M. Multiple consecutive recapture of rigid nanoparticles using a solid-state nanopore sensor. Electrophoresis 2017; 39:833-843. [PMID: 29125659 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201700329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 10/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Solid-state nanopore sensors have been used to measure the size of a nanoparticle by applying a resistive pulse sensing technique. Previously, the size distribution of the population pool could be investigated utilizing data from a single translocation, however, the accuracy of the distribution is limited due to the lack of repeated data. In this study, we characterized polystyrene nanobeads utilizing single particle recapture techniques, which provide a better statistical estimate of the size distribution than that of single sampling techniques. The pulses and translocation times of two different sized nanobeads (80 nm and 125 nm in diameter) were acquired repeatedly as nanobeads were recaptured multiple times using an automated system controlled by custom-built scripts. The drift-diffusion equation was solved to find good estimates for the configuration parameters of the recapture system. The results of the experiment indicated enhancement of measurement precision and accuracy as nanobeads were recaptured multiple times. Reciprocity of the recapture and capacitive effects in solid state nanopores are discussed. Our findings suggest that solid-state nanopores and an automated recapture system can also be applied to soft nanoparticles, such as liposomes, exosomes, or viruses, to analyze their mechanical properties in single-particle resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Soo Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Bin Peng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ahmet C Sabuncu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Seungjin Nam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA.,School of Advanced Materials Engineering Kookmin University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - ChiWon Ahn
- Nano-Materials Laboratory, National NanoFab Center, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon J Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - MinJun Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, USA
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34
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Holliman G, Lowe D, Cohen H, Felton S, Raj K. Ultraviolet Radiation-Induced Production of Nitric Oxide:A multi-cell and multi-donor analysis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11105. [PMID: 28894213 PMCID: PMC5593895 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11567-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence regarding positive effects of exposure to sunlight has led to suggestions that current advice may be overly weighted in favour of avoidance. UV-A has been reported to lower blood pressure, possibly through nitric oxide (NO) production in skin. Here, we set out to investigate effects of UV-A and solar-simulated radiation on the potential source of dermal NO, the effective doses and wavelengths, the responsiveness of different human skin cells, the magnitude of inter-individual differences and the potential influence of age. We utilised isogenic keratinocytes, microvascular endothelial cells, melanocytes and fibroblasts isolated from 36 human skins ranging from neonates to 86 years old. We show that keratinocytes and microvascular endothelial cells show greatest NO release following biologically relevant doses of UV-A. This was consistent across multiple neonatal donors and the effect is maintained in adult keratinocytes. Our observations are consistent with a bi-phasic mechanism by which UV-A can trigger vasodilatory effects. Analyses of NO-production spectra adds further evidence that nitrites in skin cells are the source of UV-mediated NO release. These potentially positive effects of ultraviolet radiation lend support for objective assessment of environmental influence on human health and the idea of “healthy sun exposure”.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham Holliman
- Radiation Effects Department, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards,Public Health England (PHE), Chilton, Oxfordshire, OX11 0RQ, United Kingdom.
| | - Donna Lowe
- Radiation Effects Department, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards,Public Health England (PHE), Chilton, Oxfordshire, OX11 0RQ, United Kingdom
| | - Howard Cohen
- Elizabeth House, 515 Limpsfield Road, Warlingham, Surrey, CR6 9LF, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Felton
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Old Road, Oxford, OX3 7LJ, United Kingdom
| | - Ken Raj
- Radiation Effects Department, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards,Public Health England (PHE), Chilton, Oxfordshire, OX11 0RQ, United Kingdom
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35
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Toutfaire M, Bauwens E, Debacq-Chainiaux F. The impact of cellular senescence in skin ageing: A notion of mosaic and therapeutic strategies. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 142:1-12. [PMID: 28408343 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is now recognized as one of the nine hallmarks of ageing. Recent data show the involvement of senescent cells in tissue ageing and some age-related diseases. Skin represents an ideal model for the study of ageing. Indeed, skin ageing varies between individuals depending on their chronological age but also on their exposure to various exogenous factors (mainly ultraviolet rays). If senescence traits can be detected with ageing in the skin, the senescent phenotype varies among the various skin cell types. Moreover, the origin of cellular senescence in the skin is still unknown, and multiple origins are possible. This reflects the mosaic of skin ageing. Senescent cells can interfere with their microenvironment, either via the direct secretion of factors (the senescence-associated secretory phenotype) or via other methods of communication, such as extracellular vesicles. Knowledge regarding the impact of cellular senescence on skin ageing could be integrated into dermatology research, especially to limit the appearance of senescent cells after photo(chemo)therapy or in age-related skin diseases. Therapeutic approaches include the clearance of senescent cells via the use of senolytics or via the cooperation with the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Toutfaire
- URBC, NAmur Research Institute for LIfe Science (NARILIS), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Emilie Bauwens
- URBC, NAmur Research Institute for LIfe Science (NARILIS), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
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