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Kasperski A, Alkattan D, Turq V, Estournès C, Laurent C, Weibel A. Friction and Wear Behavior of Double-Walled Carbon Nanotube-Yttria-Stabilized ZrO 2 Nanocomposites Prepared by Spark Plasma Sintering. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:3824. [PMID: 39124488 PMCID: PMC11313017 DOI: 10.3390/ma17153824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Double-walled carbon nanotube-yttria-stabilized ZrO2 nanocomposites are prepared by a mixing route followed by Spark Plasma Sintering. The double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWCNTs) have been previously subjected to a covalent functionalization. The nanocomposites present a high densification and show a homogenous dispersion of DWCNTs into a matrix about 100 nm in size. The DWCNTs are well distributed at the matrix grain boundaries but form larger bundles upon the increase in carbon content. The Vickers microhardness of the nanocomposites decreases regularly upon the increase in carbon content. Incorporation of carbon at contents higher than 2 wt.% results in significantly lower friction coefficients, both against alumina and steel balls, possibly because of the elastic deformation of the DWCNTs at the surface of the sample. Their presence also favors a reduction of the steel/ceramic contacts and reduces the wear of the steel ball at high loads. DWCNTs improve wear resistance and reduce friction without incurring any severe damage, contrary to multi-walled carbon nanotubes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Alicia Weibel
- CIRIMAT, Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, CNRS-INP-UT3, Université de Toulouse, 118 Route de Narbonne, CEDEX 9, 31062 Toulouse, France (C.E.)
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Designing a strategy for fabrication of single-walled carbon nanotube via CH4/N2 gas by the chemical vapor deposition method. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2022.103500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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3
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Datta S, Weymann I, Płomińska A, Flahaut E, Marty L, Wernsdorfer W. Detection of Spin Reversal via Kondo Correlation in Hybrid Carbon Nanotube Quantum Dots. ACS NANO 2019; 13:10029-10035. [PMID: 31449383 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b02091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally investigate the electronic transport through a double-wall carbon nanotube filled with Fe nanoparticles. At very low temperatures, the Kondo effect is observed between the confined electrons in the nanotube quantum dot and the delocalized electrons in the leads connecting the nanotube. We demonstrate that the presence of magnetic nanoparticles in the inner core of the nanotube results in a hysteretic behavior of the differential resistance of the system when the magnetic field is varied. This behavior is observed in the Kondo diamonds of the stability diagram, and the magnitude of hysteresis varies with the strength of the Kondo correlations in different diamonds. Our findings are corroborated with accurate numerical renormalization group calculations performed for an effective low-energy model involving fluctuations of the spin on the orbital level of the nanotube due to spin flips of the nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhadeep Datta
- School of Physical Sciences , Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science , 2A & B Raja S. C. Mullick Road , Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032 , India
- Institut Néel , CNRS & Université Joseph Fourier, BP 166, F-38042 Grenoble Cedex 9 , France
| | - Ireneusz Weymann
- Faculty of Physics , Adam Mickiewicz University , ul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 2 , 61-614 Poznań , Poland
| | - Anna Płomińska
- Faculty of Physics , Adam Mickiewicz University , ul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 2 , 61-614 Poznań , Poland
| | - Emmanuel Flahaut
- CIRIMAT , Université de Toulouse , CNRS, INPT, UPS, UMR CNRS-UPS-INP No 5085, Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, Bât. CIRIMAT, 118, Route de Narbonne , 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9 , France
| | - Läetitia Marty
- Institut Néel , CNRS & Université Joseph Fourier, BP 166, F-38042 Grenoble Cedex 9 , France
| | - Wolfgang Wernsdorfer
- Institut Néel , CNRS & Université Joseph Fourier, BP 166, F-38042 Grenoble Cedex 9 , France
- Physikalisches Institut and Institute of Nanotechnology , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , Wolfgang-Gaede-Strasse 1 , 76131 Karlsruhe , Germany
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Swapna MS, Sankararaman S. Order fluctuation induced tunable light emission from carbon nanosystem. INTERNATIONAL NANO LETTERS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40089-019-0274-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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CNT and H2 Production During CH4 Decomposition over Ni/CeZrO2. I. A Mechanistic Study. CHEMENGINEERING 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/chemengineering3010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This work presents a new insight into the potential of a Ni/CeZrO2 catalyst in two separate processes: (i) Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) using methane as a feedstock to obtain carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and H2, and (ii) catalyst regeneration with H2O that yields H2. The direct reaction of methane with H2O (steam methane reforming (SMR)) leads to H2 and CO (and CO2), whereas carbon deposition—regardless of its type—is an unwanted reaction. The concept presented in this work assumes dividing that process into two reactors, which allows one to obtain two valuable products, i.e., CNTs and H2. The literature data on CNT production via CVD ignores the issue of H2 formation. Moreover, there is no data concerning CNT production in fluidized bed reactors over ceria-zirconia supported metal catalysts. The results presented in this work show that CNTs can be formed on Ni/CeZrO2 during CH4 decomposition, and that the catalyst can be easily regenerated with H2O, which is accompanied by a high production of H2. The ability of Ni/CeZrO2 to be regenerated is its main advantage over the Ni-MgO catalyst that is popular for CNT production. This paper also shows that the Ni/CeZrO2 catalyst has the potential to be used for CNT and H2 production in a larger scale process, e.g., in a fluidized bed reactor.
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CNT and H2 Production during CH4 Decomposition over Ni/CeZrO2. II. Catalyst Performance and Its Regeneration in a Fluidized Bed. CHEMENGINEERING 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/chemengineering3010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a ceria-zirconia supported nickel catalyst (Ni/CeZrO2) was for the first time used in a fluidized bed reactor in order to obtain carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and H2 in the reaction of the decomposition of CH4. The same catalyst was afterward regenerated with H2O, which was accompanied with the production of H2. The impact of catalyst granulation, temperature, and gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) on the amount and type of carbon deposits was determined using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM). The presence of randomly oriented and curved CNTs with an outer diameter of up to 64 nm was proved. The Ni/CeZrO2 particles were loosely covered with CNTs, freely dispersed over CNTs, and strongly attached to the external CNT walls. TEM proved the presence of a Ni/CeZrO2@CNT hybrid material that can be further used as catalyst, e.g., in WGS or DRM reactions. The impact of GHSV on hydrogen production during catalyst regeneration was determined. The catalyst was subjected to cyclic tests of CH4 decomposition and regeneration. According to the obtained results, Ni/CeZrO2 can be used in CH4 conversion to CNTs and H2 (instead of CH4 combustion), e.g., in the vicinity of installations that require methane utilization.
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Lobiak EV, Bulusheva LG, Galitsky AA, Smirnov DA, Flahaut E, Okotrub AV. Structure and Electrochemical Properties of Carbon Nanotubes Synthesized with Catalysts Obtained by Decomposition of Co, Ni, and Fe Polyoxomolybdates Supported by MgO. J STRUCT CHEM+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022476618040066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Lobiak EV, Bulusheva LG, Fedorovskaya EO, Shubin YV, Plyusnin PE, Lonchambon P, Senkovskiy BV, Ismagilov ZR, Flahaut E, Okotrub AV. One-step chemical vapor deposition synthesis and supercapacitor performance of nitrogen-doped porous carbon-carbon nanotube hybrids. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 8:2669-2679. [PMID: 29354339 PMCID: PMC5753048 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.8.267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Novel nitrogen-doped carbon hybrid materials consisting of multiwalled nanotubes and porous graphitic layers have been produced by chemical vapor deposition over magnesium-oxide-supported metal catalysts. CN x nanotubes were grown on Co/Mo, Ni/Mo, or Fe/Mo alloy nanoparticles, and MgO grains served as a template for the porous carbon. The simultaneous formation of morphologically different carbon structures was due to the slow activation of catalysts for the nanotube growth in a carbon-containing gas environment. An analysis of the obtained products by means of transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy methods revealed that the catalyst's composition influences the nanotube/porous carbon ratio and concentration of incorporated nitrogen. The hybrid materials were tested as electrodes in a 1M H2SO4 electrolyte and the best performance was found for a nitrogen-enriched material produced using the Fe/Mo catalyst. From the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy data, it was concluded that the nitrogen doping reduces the resistance at the carbon surface/electrolyte interface and the nanotubes permeating the porous carbon provide fast charge transport in the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egor V Lobiak
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Lyubov G Bulusheva
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Ekaterina O Fedorovskaya
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Yury V Shubin
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Pavel E Plyusnin
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | - Boris V Senkovskiy
- St. Petersburg State University, 7-9, Universitetskaya Nab., St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
- II Physikalisches Institut, Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher Straße 77, 50937 Köln, Germany
| | - Zinfer R Ismagilov
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Institute of Coal Chemistry and Materials Science FRC CCC SB RAS, Kemerovo 650000, Russia
| | | | - Alexander V Okotrub
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
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Ghedjatti A, Magnin Y, Fossard F, Wang G, Amara H, Flahaut E, Lauret JS, Loiseau A. Structural Properties of Double-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Driven by Mechanical Interlayer Coupling. ACS NANO 2017; 11:4840-4847. [PMID: 28448120 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b01328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Structural identification of double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWNTs) is presented through a robust procedure based on the latest generation of transmission electron microscope, making possible a statistical analysis based on numerous nano-objects. This approach reveals that inner and outer tubes of DWNTs are not randomly oriented, suggesting the existence of a mechanical coupling between the two concentric walls. With the support of atomic-scale modeling, we attribute it to the presence of incommensurate domains whose structures depend on the diameters and helicities of both tubes and where inner tubes try to achieve a local stacking orientation to reduce strain effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Ghedjatti
- Laboratoire d'Etude des Microstructures, ONERA-CNRS , BP 72, 92322 Châtillon Cedex, France
| | - Yann Magnin
- Aix-Marseille University and CNRS , CINaM UMR 7325, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Frédéric Fossard
- Laboratoire d'Etude des Microstructures, ONERA-CNRS , BP 72, 92322 Châtillon Cedex, France
| | - Guillaume Wang
- Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, CNRS-Université Paris 7 , 10 Rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Hakim Amara
- Laboratoire d'Etude des Microstructures, ONERA-CNRS , BP 72, 92322 Châtillon Cedex, France
| | - Emmanuel Flahaut
- Centre Inter-universitaire de Recherche et d'Ingénierie des Matériaux (CIRIMAT), CNRS UMR 5085, Université Paul-Sabatier , 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Sébastien Lauret
- Laboratoire Aimé Cotton, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, ENS Cachan, Université Paris-Saclay , 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Annick Loiseau
- Laboratoire d'Etude des Microstructures, ONERA-CNRS , BP 72, 92322 Châtillon Cedex, France
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Monthioux M, Serp P, Caussat B, Flahaut E, Razafinimanana M, Valensi F, Laurent C, Peigney A, Mesguich D, Weibel A, Bacsa W, Broto JM. Carbon Nanotubes. SPRINGER HANDBOOK OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-54357-3_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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12
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A Review of Double-Walled and Triple-Walled Carbon Nanotube Synthesis and Applications. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/app6040109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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13
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Moore KE, Tune DD, Flavel BS. Double-walled carbon nanotube processing. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:3105-37. [PMID: 25899061 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201405686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have been the focus of intense research, and the body of literature continues to grow exponentially, despite more than two decades having passed since the first reports. As well as extensive studies of the fundamental properties, this has seen SWCNTs used in a plethora of applications as far ranging as microelectronics, energy storage, solar cells, and sensors, to cancer treatment, drug delivery, and neuronal interfaces. On the other hand, the properties and applications of double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWCNTs) have remained relatively under-explored. This is despite DWCNTs not only sharing many of the same unique characteristics of their single-walled counterparts, but also possessing an additional suite of potentially advantageous properties arising due to the presence of the second wall and the often complex inter-wall interactions that arise. For example, it is envisaged that the outer wall can be selectively functionalized whilst still leaving the inner wall in its pristine state and available for signal transduction. A similar situation arises in DWCNT field effect transistors (FETs), where the outer wall can provide a convenient degree of chemical shielding of the inner wall from the external environment, allowing the excellent transconductance properties of the pristine nanotubes to be more fully exploited. Additionally, DWCNTs should also offer unique opportunities to further the fundamental understanding of the inter-wall interactions within and between carbon nanotubes. However, the realization of these goals has so far been limited by the same challenge experienced by the SWCNT field until recent years, namely, the inherent heterogeneity of raw, as-produced DWCNT material. As such, there is now an emerging field of research regarding DWCNT processing that focuses on the preparation of material of defined length, diameter and electronic type, and which is rapidly building upon the experience gained by the broader SWCNT community. This review describes the background of the field, summarizing some relevant theory and the available synthesis and purification routes; then provides a thorough synopsis of the current state-of-the-art in DWCNT sorting methodologies, outlines contemporary challenges in the field, and discusses the outlook for various potential applications of the resulting material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E Moore
- Centre for Nanoscale Science and Technology, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, 5042, Australia
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Daniel D Tune
- Centre for Nanoscale Science and Technology, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, 5042, Australia
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Benjamin S Flavel
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
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Julkapli NM, Bagheri S, Sapuan SM. Multifunctionalized Carbon Nanotubes Polymer Composites: Properties and Applications. ADVANCED STRUCTURED MATERIALS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-81-322-2470-9_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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In situ fabrication of carbon nanotube–MgAl2O4 nanocomposite powders through hydrogen-free CCVD. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2013.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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He M, Jiang H, Liu B, Fedotov PV, Chernov AI, Obraztsova ED, Cavalca F, Wagner JB, Hansen TW, Anoshkin IV, Obraztsova EA, Belkin AV, Sairanen E, Nasibulin AG, Lehtonen J, Kauppinen EI. Chiral-selective growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes on lattice-mismatched epitaxial cobalt nanoparticles. Sci Rep 2013; 3:1460. [PMID: 23492872 PMCID: PMC3597999 DOI: 10.1038/srep01460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2012] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Controlling chirality in growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) is important for exploiting their practical applications. For long it has been conceptually conceived that the structural control of SWNTs is potentially achievable by fabricating nanoparticle catalysts with proper structures on crystalline substrates via epitaxial growth techniques. Here, we have accomplished epitaxial formation of monometallic Co nanoparticles with well-defined crystal structure, and its use as a catalyst in the selective growth of SWNTs. Dynamics of Co nanoparticles formation and SWNT growth inside an atomic-resolution environmental transmission electron microscope at a low CO pressure was recorded. We achieved highly preferential growth of semiconducting SWNTs (~90%) with an exceptionally large population of (6, 5) tubes (53%) in an ambient CO atmosphere. Particularly, we also demonstrated high enrichment in (7, 6) and (9, 4) at a low growth temperature. These findings open new perspectives both for structural control of SWNTs and for elucidating the growth mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoshuai He
- Department of Biotechnology and Chemical Technology, School of Chemical Technology, Aalto University, Aalto, Finland.
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Tong Y, Li H, Guan H, Zhao J, Majeed S, Anjum S, Liang F, Xu G. Electrochemical cholesterol sensor based on carbon nanotube@molecularly imprinted polymer modified ceramic carbon electrode. Biosens Bioelectron 2013; 47:553-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2013.03.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Revised: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Huakang F, Miao D, Qiang Z. Effect of iron concentration on the growth of carbon nanotubes on clay surface. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2012; 4:1981-1989. [PMID: 22423639 DOI: 10.1021/am201804p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The successful growth of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on montmorillonite (MMT) precursors treated with different concentrations of ferric nitrate at 50 °C (MMT(Fe)-50) and 100 °C (MMT(Fe)-100) was achieved via the in situ chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of acetylene. The as-obtained MMT-CNTs composites were characterized using X-ray diffraction, inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. All Fe(3+) ions were intercalated into the MMT interlayers at either 50 or 100 °C in the case of [Fe(3+)]/[clay] = 1. However, the iron content in MMT(Fe)-100 increased rapidly with the amount of ferric nitrate added, whereas the iron content in MMT(Fe)-50 did not exhibit significant changes. On the other hand, the physical and chemical adsorption of Fe(3+) onto the MMT surface was believed to be responsible for the great diversity of iron contents in MMT(Fe)-50 and MMT(Fe)-100 at the same [Fe(3+)]/[clay] ratios. Moreover, the CNT yield showed variation similar to the iron content because the CNTs yield depends primarily on the amount of catalyst available. The CNTs embedded onto MMT(Fe)-100 exhibited narrower diameter distributions than those on the MMT(Fe)-50 precursors, with more CNTs with diameters less than 50 nm on the former. It is suggested that a porous structure with many pores formed by iron species and MMT laminas is related to the morphology and structure of CNTs embedded on the surface of MMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu Huakang
- Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization, Ministry of Education, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hanghzou, China
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Water assisted synthesis of double-walled carbon nanotubes with a narrow diameter distribution from methane over a Co–Mo/MgO catalyst. Catal Today 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2011.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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20
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Mouchet F, Landois P, Datsyuk V, Puech P, Pinelli E, Flahaut E, Gauthier L. International amphibian micronucleus standardized procedure (ISO 21427-1) for in vivo evaluation of double-walled carbon nanotubes toxicity and genotoxicity in water. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2011; 26:136-145. [PMID: 20014232 DOI: 10.1002/tox.20537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Considering the important production of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), it is likely that some of them will contaminate the environment during each step of their life cycle. Nevertheless, there is little known about their potential ecotoxicity. Consequently, the impact of CNTs on the environment must be taken into consideration. This work evaluates the potential impact of well characterized double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWNTs) in the amphibian larvae Xenopus laevis under normalized laboratory conditions according to the International Standard micronucleus assay ISO 21427-1:2006 for 12 days of half-static exposure to 0.1-1-10 and 50 mg L(-1) of DWNTs in water. Two different endpoints were carried out: (i) toxicity (mortality and growth of larvae) and (ii) genotoxicity (induction of micronucleated erythrocytes). Moreover, intestine of larvae were analyzed using Raman spectroscopy. The DWNTs synthetized by catalytic chemical vapor deposition (CCVD) were used as produce (experiment I) and the addition of Gum Arabic (GA) was investigated to improve the stability of the aqueous suspensions (experiment II). The results show growth inhibition in larvae exposed to 10 and 50 mg L(-1) of DWNTs with or without GA. No genotoxicity was evidenced in erythrocytes of larvae exposed to DWNTs, except to 1 mg L(-1) of DWNTs with GA suggesting its potential effect in association with DWNTs at the first nonacutely toxic concentration. The Raman analysis confirmed the presence of DWNTs into the lumen of intestine but not in intestinal tissues and cells, nor in the circulating blood of exposed larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Mouchet
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, INP, EcoLab (Laboratoire d'écologie fonctionnelle), ENSAT, Castanet-Tolosan, France.
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Roy S, Bajpai R, Soin N, Bajpai P, Hazra KS, Kulshrestha N, Roy SS, McLaughlin JA, Misra DS. Enhanced field emission and improved supercapacitor obtained from plasma-modified bucky paper. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2011; 7:688-693. [PMID: 21302358 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201002330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The surface morphology of bucky papers (BPs) made from single-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is modified by plasma treatment resulting in the formation of vertical microstructures on the surface. The shapes of these structures are either pillarlike or conelike depending on whether the gas used during plasma treatment is Ar or CH(4) . A complex interplay between different factors, such as the electric field within the plasma sheath, polarization of the CNT, intertubular cohesive forces, and ion bombardment, result in the formation of these structures. The roles played by these factors are quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed. The final material is flexible, substrate-free, composite-free, made only of CNTs, and has discrete vertically aligned structures on its surface. It shows enhanced field emission and electrochemical charge-storage capabilities. The field enhancement factor is increased by 6.8 times, and the turn-on field drops by 3.5 times from an initial value of 0.35 to 0.1 V μm(-1) as a result of the treatment. The increase in Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area results in about a fourfold improvement in the specific capacitance of the BP electrodes. Capacitance values before and after the treatments are 75 and 290 F g(-1) , respectively. It is predicted that this controlled surface modification technique could be put to good use in several applications based on macroscopic CNT films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumyendu Roy
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400 076, India
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Shen C, Brozena AH, Wang Y. Double-walled carbon nanotubes: challenges and opportunities. NANOSCALE 2011; 3:503-18. [PMID: 21042608 DOI: 10.1039/c0nr00620c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Double-walled carbon nanotubes are coaxial nanostructures composed of exactly two single-walled carbon nanotubes, one nested in another. This unique structure offers advantages and opportunities for extending our knowledge and application of the carbon nanomaterials family. This review seeks to comprehensively discuss the synthesis, purification and characterization methods of this novel class of carbon nanomaterials. An emphasis is placed on the double wall physics that contributes to these structures' complex inter-wall coupling of electronic and optical properties. The debate over the inner-tube photoluminescence provides an interesting illustration of the rich photophysics and challenges associated with the myriad combinations of the inner and outerwall chiralities. Outerwall selective covalent chemistry will be discussed as a potential solution to the unattractive tradeoff between solubility and functionality that has limited some applications of single-walled carbon nanotubes. Finally, we will review the many different uses of double-walled carbon nanotubes and provide an overview of several promising research directions in this new and emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai Shen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
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Catalytic CVD Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes: Towards High Yield and Low Temperature Growth. MATERIALS 2010; 3:4871-4891. [PMID: 28883358 PMCID: PMC5445774 DOI: 10.3390/ma3114871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2010] [Accepted: 10/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The catalytic chemical vapor deposition (CCVD) is currently the most flexible and economically attractive method for the growth of carbon nanotubes. Although its principle is simple, the precisely controlled growth of carbon nanotubes remains very complex because many different parameters influence the growth process. In this article, we review our recent results obtained on the synthesis of carbon nanotubes via CCVD. We discuss the role of the catalyst and the catalyst support. Our recent results obtained from the water assisted growth and the equimolar C2H2-CO2 reaction are also discussed. Both procedures lead to significantly enhanced carbon nanotube growth. In particular, the latter allows growing carbon nanotubes on diverse substrate materials at low temperatures.
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Mouchet F, Landois P, Puech P, Pinelli E, Flahaut E, Gauthier L. Carbon nanotube ecotoxicity in amphibians: assessment of multiwalled carbon nanotubes and comparison with double-walled carbon nanotubes. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2010; 5:963-74. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.10.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential impact of industrial multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) was investigated under normalized laboratory conditions according to the International Standard micronucleus assay ISO 21427–1 for 12 days of half-static exposure to 0.1, 1, 10 and 50 mg/l of MWNTs in water. Three different end points were carried out for 12 days of exposure: mortality, growth inhibition and micronuclei induction in erythrocytes of the circulating blood of larvae. Raman spectroscopy analysis was used to study the presence of carbon nanotubes in the biological samples. Considering the high diversity of carbon nanotubes according to their different characteristics, MWNTs were analyzed in Xenopus larvae, comparatively to double-walled carbon nanotubes used in a previous study in similar conditions. Growth inhibition in larvae exposed to 50 mg/l of MWNTs was evidenced; however, no genetoxicity (micronucleus assay) was noticed, at any concentration. Carbon nanotube localization in the larvae leads to different possible hypothesis of mechanisms explaining toxicity in Xenopus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Perine Landois
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, INP, Institut Carnot Cirimat, 118, route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse cedex 9, France
- CNRS, Institut Carnot Cirimat, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Pascal Puech
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, INSA, CEMES, 29, rue Jeanne Marvig, BP 94347, F-31055 Toulouse cedex, France
| | - Eric Pinelli
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, INP; EcoLab (Laboratoire d’écologie fonctionnelle), ENSAT, Avenue de l’Agrobiopôle, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
- CNRS, EcoLab (Laboratoire d’écologie fonctionnelle), F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Emmanuel Flahaut
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, INP, Institut Carnot Cirimat, 118, route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse cedex 9, France
- CNRS, Institut Carnot Cirimat, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Laury Gauthier
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, INP; EcoLab (Laboratoire d’écologie fonctionnelle), ENSAT, Avenue de l’Agrobiopôle, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
- CNRS, EcoLab (Laboratoire d’écologie fonctionnelle), F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
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Mouchet F, Landois P, Flahaut E, Pinelli E, Gauthier L. Assessment of the potentialin vivoecotoxicity of Double-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (DWNTs) in water, using the amphibianAmbystoma mexicanum. Nanotoxicology 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/17435390701556080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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26
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Tîlmaciu CM, Soula B, Galibert AM, Lukanov P, Datas L, González J, Barquín LF, Rodríguez Fernández J, González-Jiménez F, Jorge J, Flahaut E. Synthesis of superparamagnetic iron(iii) oxide nanowires in double-walled carbon nanotubes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009:6664-6. [DOI: 10.1039/b909035e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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27
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Xu Y, Mahmood M, Li Z, Dervishi E, Trigwell S, Zharov VP, Ali N, Saini V, Biris AR, Lupu D, Boldor D, Biris AS. Cobalt nanoparticles coated with graphitic shells as localized radio frequency absorbers for cancer therapy. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2008; 19:435102. [PMID: 21832683 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/19/43/435102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Graphitic carbon-coated ferromagnetic cobalt nanoparticles (C-Co-NPs) with diameters of around 7 nm and cubic crystalline structures were synthesized by catalytic chemical vapor deposition. X-ray diffraction and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis indicated that the cobalt nanoparticles inside the carbon shells were preserved in the metallic state. Fluorescence microscopy images and Raman spectroscopy revealed effective penetrations of the C-Co-NPs through the cellular plasma membrane of the cultured HeLa cells, both inside the cytoplasm and in the nucleus. Low radio frequency (RF) radiation of 350 kHz induced localized heat into the metallic nanoparticles, which triggered the killing of the cells, a process that was found to be dependent on the RF application time and nanoparticle concentration. When compared to carbon nanostructures such as single-wall carbon nanotubes, these coated magnetic cobalt nanoparticles demonstrated higher specificity for RF absorption and heating. DNA gel electrophoresis assays of the HeLa cells after the RF treatment showed a strong broadening of the DNA fragmentation spectrum, which further proved the intense localized thermally induced damages such as DNA and nucleus membrane disintegration, under RF exposure in the presence of C-Co-NPs. The data presented in this report indicate a great potential of this new process for in vivo tumor thermal ablation, bacteria killing, and various other biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xu
- Nanotechnology Center and Applied Science Department, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, AR 72204, USA
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Li LH, Zhang WD, Ye JS. Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Glucose at Carbon Nanotubes Supported PtRu Nanoparticles and Its Detection. ELECTROANAL 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200804312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Preparation, characterization, and methane total oxidation of AAl12O19 and AMAl11O19 hexaaluminate catalysts prepared with urea combustion method. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2008.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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30
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Vyalikh A, Wolter AUB, Hampel S, Haase D, Ritschel M, Leonhardt A, Grafe HJ, Taylor A, Krämer K, Büchner B, Klingeler R. A carbon-wrapped nanoscaled thermometer for temperature control in biological environments. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2008; 3:321-7. [DOI: 10.2217/17435889.3.3.321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: A carbon-wrapped nanoscaled thermometer for a contactless temperature control in biological systems on the cellular level is presented. Materials & methods: The thermometer is based on multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) filled with materials with strongly temperature-dependent nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) parameters. The NMR frequency shift and relaxation time were measured in cuprous-iodide-filled CNTs at different temperatures. Results: The experimental data indicate a pronounced temperature dependence of the NMR parameters, thereby realizing the nanoscaled thermometer. Conclusion: This study is a proof-of-concept that the functionalized CNTs can be used as a contactless thermometer in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Vyalikh
- Leibniz-Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, IFW Dresden, 01171 Dresden, Germany
| | - Anja UB Wolter
- Leibniz-Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, IFW Dresden, 01171 Dresden, Germany
| | - Silke Hampel
- Leibniz-Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, IFW Dresden, 01171 Dresden, Germany
| | - Diana Haase
- Leibniz-Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, IFW Dresden, 01171 Dresden, Germany
| | - Manfred Ritschel
- Leibniz-Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, IFW Dresden, 01171 Dresden, Germany
| | - Albrecht Leonhardt
- Leibniz-Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, IFW Dresden, 01171 Dresden, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Grafe
- Leibniz-Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, IFW Dresden, 01171 Dresden, Germany
| | - Arthur Taylor
- Department of Urology, Dresden University of Technology, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Kai Krämer
- Department of Urology, Dresden University of Technology, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Bernd Büchner
- Leibniz-Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, IFW Dresden, 01171 Dresden, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Klingeler
- Leibniz-Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, IFW Dresden, 01171 Dresden, Germany
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Serra A, Manno D, Filippo E, Tepore A, Letizia Terranova M, Orlanducci S, Rossi M. Photoconductivity of packed homotype bundles formed by aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes. NANO LETTERS 2008; 8:968-971. [PMID: 18266329 DOI: 10.1021/nl073052w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Photoconductivity properties of aggregated single-walled carbon nanotubes have been studied by performing measurements on macroscopic ribbons, obtained by the aggregation of a large number of SWCNT bundles. Structural analysis performed by electron diffraction revealed that the nanotubes forming each bundle have the same chirality. The experimental results, regarding the region 1.2-3.6 eV and the pressure range 10(3)-10(-3) mbar, suggest that the photoexcitation of nanotubes, packed in bundles and organized in ribbons, generates electron-hole pairs within a band structure and that bond excitons are formed by Coulomb interactions between spatially confined charge carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Serra
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy
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32
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Xu Y, Li Z, Dervishi E, Saini V, Cui J, Biris AR, Lupu D, Biris AS. Surface area and thermal stability effect of the MgO supported catalysts for the synthesis of carbon nanotubes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1039/b812630e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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33
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Ressier L, Grisolia J, Martin C, Peyrade JP, Viallet B, Vieu C. Fabrication of planar cobalt electrodes separated by a sub-10nm gap using high resolution electron beam lithography with negative PMMA. Ultramicroscopy 2007; 107:985-8. [PMID: 17573193 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2007.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
We present a fabrication process of cobalt nanoelectrodes compatible with spin-dependent transport measurements through a few or a single nano-object. It consists in etching a cobalt thin layer into pairs of planar nanoelectrodes separated by a nanometric gap using a negative Poly-MethylMethAcrylate (PMMA) mask patterned by high resolution electron beam lithography (HREBL). The irradiation parameters of 200keV HREBL on PMMA have been investigated using atomic force microscopy (AFM) to define accurately the PMMA transformation from positive to negative tone. The influence of the electron dose and the designed gap on the final gap between electrodes is presented. This complete study proves that PMMA can be used as a HREBL negative resist to fabricate nanoelectrodes separated by a controlled and reproducible gap ranging from 5nm to several tens of nanometers.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ressier
- LPCNO, INSA, Département de Physique, 135 avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse 4, France.
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34
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Lima MD, Stein SS, Bonadiman R, Andrade MJD, Bergmann CP. Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Catalytically Grown from Amorphous Silica Films Deposited by Combustion CVD. PARTICULATE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/02726350701257766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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35
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36
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Low-temperature selective oxidation of methane to ethane and ethylene over BaCO3/La2O3 catalysts prepared by urea combustion method. CATAL COMMUN 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2005.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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37
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Ning G, Wei F, Wen Q, Luo G, Wang Y, Jin Y. Improvement of Fe/MgO Catalysts by Calcination for the Growth of Single- and Double-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. J Phys Chem B 2005; 110:1201-5. [PMID: 16471664 DOI: 10.1021/jp055387c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Calcination at 900-1000 degrees C for 8-12 h of an Fe/MgO catalyst prepared by impregnation was found to result in a uniform MgFe2O4/MgO solid solution that showed a successful settling of well-dispersed iron species into the MgO lattice. During methane reduction, many iron-containing particles with a diameter of about 4 nm were formed on the catalyst surface to provide numerous active sites for the growth of single- and double-walled carbon nanotubes. There was a significant improvement of the Fe/MgO catalyst that resulted in a high yield of impurity-free nanotubes. Using C2H4 cracking at 600 degrees C and transmission electron microscope observations, the Fe species distribution in the catalysts and microscope images of nanotube growth were described in detail. H2 reduction of the calcined Fe/MgO catalyst was found to cause the formation of iron layers on the catalyst surface, which resulted in the growth of only carbon layers. The results are useful for understanding changes in the metal species distribution in the catalysts and the nanotube growth mechanism, and they provide a simple method to improve Fe/MgO catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqing Ning
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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39
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Ramesh P, Kishi N, Sugai T, Shinohara H. High-Yield Synthesis of Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes on MCM41 Using Catalytic Chemical Vapor Deposition of Acetylene. J Phys Chem B 2005; 110:130-5. [PMID: 16471510 DOI: 10.1021/jp0556660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
High-quality single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) with narrow diameter distribution have been grown on Fe/Co-loaded MCM41 by using acetylene as the carbon source within a short reaction period, typically 10 min or less. The optimum temperature for SWNTs synthesis is 850 degrees C. Longer reaction time (i.e., 30 min) favors the formation of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) and graphitic carbon. When the reaction time is reduced to less than 10 min, formation of MWNTs and graphitic carbon is greatly suppressed, and high-quality SWNTs dominates the yield. The surface of the as-grown SWNTs is found to be free from amorphous carbon, as observed from high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) analysis. Raman spectral data show a G/D ratio above 10, indicating that the as-grown SWNTs have very few defects. Furthermore, radial breathing mode (RBM) analysis reveals that the diameter distribution of the current SWNTs is narrow and ranges from 0.64 to 1.36 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palanisamy Ramesh
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, c/o Department of Chemistry, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
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40
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Wang SF, Shen L, Zhang WD, Tong YJ. Preparation and Mechanical Properties of Chitosan/Carbon Nanotubes Composites. Biomacromolecules 2005; 6:3067-72. [PMID: 16283728 DOI: 10.1021/bm050378v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 510] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Biopolymer chitosan/multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) nanocomposites have been successfully prepared by a simple solution-evaporation method. The morphology and mechanical properties of the chitosan/MWNTs nanocomposites have been characterized with field emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM), bright field transmission electron microscopy (TEM), optical microscopy (OM), wide-angle X-ray diffraction (XRD), and tensile as well as nanoindentation tests. The MWNTs were observed to be homogeneously dispersed throughout the chitosan matrix. When compared with neat chitosan, the mechanical properties, including the tensile modulus and strength, of the nanocomposites are greatly improved by about 93% and 99%, respectively, with incorporation of only 0.8 wt % of MWNTs into the chitosan matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Feng Wang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, ASTAR, 3 Research Link, Singapore 117602.
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Coquay P, Peigney A, De Grave E, Flahaut E, Vandenberghe RE, Laurent C. Fe/Co Alloys for the Catalytic Chemical Vapor Deposition Synthesis of Single- and Double-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs). 1. The CNT−Fe/Co−MgO System. J Phys Chem B 2005; 109:17813-24. [PMID: 16853284 DOI: 10.1021/jp0524936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mg(0.90)Fe(x)Co(y)O (x + y = 0.1) solid solutions were synthesized by the ureic combustion route. Upon reduction at 1000 degrees C in H2-CH4 of these powders, Fe/Co alloy nanoparticles are formed, which are involved in the formation of carbon nanotubes, which are mostly single and double walled, with an average diameter close to 2.5 nm. Characterizations of the materials are performed using 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy and electron microscopy, and a well-established macroscopic method, based on specific-surface-area measurements, was applied to quantify the carbon quality and the nanotubes quantity. A detailed investigation of the Fe/Co alloys' formation and composition is reported. An increasing fraction of Co2+ ions hinders the dissolution of iron in the MgO lattice and favors the formation of MgFe2O4-like particles in the oxide powders. Upon reduction, these particles form alpha-Fe/Co particles with a size and composition (close to Fe(0.50)Co(0.50)) adequate for the increased production of carbon nanotubes. However, larger particles are also produced resulting in the formation of undesirable carbon species. The highest CNT quantity and carbon quality are eventually obtained upon reduction of the iron-free Mg(0.90)Co(0.10)O solid solution, in the absence of clusters of metal ions in the starting material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Coquay
- NUMAT, Department of Subatomic and Radiation Physics, University of Ghent, Proeftuinstraat 86, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
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42
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Coquay P, Flahaut E, De Grave E, Peigney A, Vandenberghe RE, Laurent C. Fe/Co Alloys for the Catalytic Chemical Vapor Deposition Synthesis of Single- and Double-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs). 2. The CNT−Fe/Co−MgAl2O4 System. J Phys Chem B 2005; 109:17825-30. [PMID: 16853285 DOI: 10.1021/jp052494y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A detailed 57Fe Mössbauer study of the Mg(0.8)Fe(0.2-y)Co(y)Al2O4 (y = 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2) solid solutions and of the CNT-Fe/Co-MgAl2O4 nanocomposite powders prepared by reduction in H2-CH4 has allowed characterization of the different iron phases involved in the catalytic process of carbon nanotube (CNT) formation and to correlate these results with the carbon and CNT contents. The oxide precursors consist of defective spinels of general formulas (Mg(1-x-y)(2+)Fe(x-3alpha)(2+)Fe(2alpha)(3+)[symbol: see text](alpha)Co(y)(2+)Al2(3+))O4(2-) . The metallic phase in the CNT-Fe/Co-MgAl2O4 nanocomposite powders is mostly in the form of the ferromagnetic alpha-Fe/Co alloy with the desired composition. For high iron initial proportions, the additional formation of Fe3C and gamma-Fe-C is observed while for high cobalt initial proportions, the additional formation of a gamma-Fe/Co-C phase is favored. The higher yield of CNTs is observed for postreaction alpha-Fe(0.50)Co(0.50) catalytic particles, which form no carbide and have a narrow size distribution. Alloying is beneficial for this system with respect to the formation of CNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Coquay
- NUMAT, Department of Subatomic and Radiation Physics, University of Ghent, Proeftuinstraat 86, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
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Catalytic CVD synthesis of double-walled carbon nanotubes with a narrow distribution of diameters over Fe–Co/MgO catalyst. Chem Phys Lett 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2005.03.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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46
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Barrau S, Demont P, Maraval C, Bernes A, Lacabanne C. Glass Transition Temperature Depression at the Percolation Threshold in Carbon Nanotube-Epoxy Resin and Polypyrrole-Epoxy Resin Composites. Macromol Rapid Commun 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.200400515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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47
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48
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The interface behavior of hemoglobin at carbon nanotube and the detection for HO. Talanta 2005; 65:489-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2004.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2004] [Revised: 06/21/2004] [Accepted: 06/30/2004] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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49
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Phang IY, Ma J, Shen L, Liu T, Zhang WD. Crystallization and melting behavior of multi-walled carbon nanotube-reinforced nylon-6 composites. POLYM INT 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.1920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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50
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Cordier A, Flahaut E, Viazzi C, Laurent C, Peigney A. In situ CCVD synthesis of carbon nanotubes within a commercial ceramic foam. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1039/b505654c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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