1
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Escorihuela E, Del Barrio J, Davidson RJ, Beeby A, Low PJ, Prez-Murano F, Cea P, Martin S. Large area arrays of discrete single-molecule junctions derived from host-guest complexes. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:1238-1246. [PMID: 38116590 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr05122f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
The desire to continually reduce the lower limits of semiconductor integrated circuit (IC) fabrication methods continues to inspire interest in unimolecular electronics as a platform technology for the realization of future (opto)electronic devices. However, despite successes in developing methods for the construction and measurement of single-molecule and large-area molecular junctions, exercising control over the precise junction geometry remains a significant challenge. Here, host-guest complexes of the wire-like viologen derivative 1,1'-bis(4-(methylthio)-phenyl)-[4,4'-bipyridine]-1,1'-diium chloride ([1][Cl]2) and cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]) have been self-assembled in a regular pattern over a gold substrate. Subsequently, ligandless gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) synthesized in situ are deposited over the host-guest array. The agreement between the conductance of individual mono-molecular junctions, appropriately chosen as a function of the AuNP diameter, within this array determined by conductive probe atomic force microscope (c-AFM) and true single-molecule measurements for a closely similar host-guest complex within a scanning tunneling microscope break-junction (STM-BJ) indicates the formation of molecular junctions derived from these host-guest complexes without deleterious intermolecular coupling effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Escorihuela
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain.
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jesús Del Barrio
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain.
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ross J Davidson
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Rd, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Andrew Beeby
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Rd, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Paul J Low
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, 6009, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Francesc Prez-Murano
- Institute of Microelectronics of Barcelona (IMB-CNM, CSIC), 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Pilar Cea
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain.
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
- Laboratorio de Microscopias Avanzadas (LMA), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Santiago Martin
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain.
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
- Laboratorio de Microscopias Avanzadas (LMA), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
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2
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Snegir S, Dappe YJ, Sysoiev D, Huhn T, Scheer E. Nonuniform STM Contrast of Self-Assembled Tri- n-octyl-triazatriangulenium Tetrafluoroborate on HOPG. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:38766-38772. [PMID: 37867726 PMCID: PMC10586247 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c06454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
We have assembled 4,8,12-tri-n-octyl-4,8,12-triazatrianguleniumtetrafluoroborate (TATA-BF4) on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) and have studied the structure and tunneling properties of this self-assembled monolayer (SAM) using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) under ambient conditions. We show that the triazatriangulenium cations TATA+ form hexagonally packed structures driven by the interaction between the aromatic core and the HOPG lattice, as evidenced by density functional theory (DFT) modeling. According to the DFT results, the three alkyl chains of the platform tend to follow the main crystallographic directions of HOPG, leading to a different STM appearance. The STM contrast of the SAM shows that the monolayer is formed by two types of species, namely, TATA+ with BF4- counterions on top and without them. The cationic TATA+ platform gives rise to a seemingly higher appearance than neutral TATA-BF4, in contrast to observations made on metallic substrates. The variation of the STM tunneling parameters does not change the relative difference of contrast, revealing the stability of both species on HOPG. DFT calculations show that TATA-BF4 on HOPG has sufficient binding energy to resist dissociation into TATA+ and BF4-, which might occur under the action of the electric field in the tunneling gap during STM scanning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergii Snegir
- Department
of Physics, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, Konstanz 78464, Germany
| | - Yannick J. Dappe
- SPEC,
CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette Cédex 91191, France
| | - Dmytro Sysoiev
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, Konstanz 78464, Germany
| | - Thomas Huhn
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, Konstanz 78464, Germany
| | - Elke Scheer
- Department
of Physics, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, Konstanz 78464, Germany
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3
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Hamer S, von Glasenapp J, Röhricht F, Li C, Berndt R, Herges R. Azimuthal Dipolar Rotor Arrays on Surfaces. Chemistry 2021; 27:17452-17458. [PMID: 34664752 PMCID: PMC9298050 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A set of dipolar molecular rotor compounds was designed, synthesized and adsorbed as self-assembled 2D arrays on Ag(111) surfaces. The title molecules are constructed from three building blocks: (a) 4,8,12-trioxatriangulene (TOTA) platforms that are known to physisorb on metal surfaces such as Au(111) and Ag(111), (b) phenyl groups attached to the central carbon atom that function as pivot joints to reduce the barrier to rotation, (c) pyridine and pyridazine units as small dipolar units on top. Theoretical calculations and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) investigations hint at the fact that the dipoles of neighboring rotors interact through space through pairs of energetically favorable head-to-tail arrangements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Hamer
- Otto-Diels-Institut für Organische ChemieKiel UniversityOtto-Hahn-Platz 424098KielGermany
| | | | - Fynn Röhricht
- Otto-Diels-Institut für Organische ChemieKiel UniversityOtto-Hahn-Platz 424098KielGermany
| | - Chao Li
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte PhysikKiel UniversityLeibnizstrasse 1924098KielGermany
| | - Richard Berndt
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte PhysikKiel UniversityLeibnizstrasse 1924098KielGermany
| | - Rainer Herges
- Otto-Diels-Institut für Organische ChemieKiel UniversityOtto-Hahn-Platz 424098KielGermany
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4
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Brill AR, Kafri A, Mohapatra PK, Ismach A, de Ruiter G, Koren E. Modulating the Optoelectronic Properties of MoS 2 by Highly Oriented Dipole-Generating Monolayers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:32590-32597. [PMID: 34190537 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c09035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The noncovalent functionalization of two-dimensional materials (2DMs) with bespoke organic molecules is of central importance for future nanoscale electronic devices. Of particular interest is the incorporation of molecular functionalities that can modulate the physicochemical properties of the 2DMs via noninvasive external stimuli. In this study, we present the reversible modulation of the photoluminescence, spectroscopic properties (Raman), and charge transport characteristics of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2)-based devices via photoisomerization of a self-assembled monolayer of azobenzene-modified triazatriangulene molecules. The observed (opto)electronic modulations are explained by the n-type doping of the MoS2 lattice induced by the photoisomerization of the highly ordered azobenzene monolayer. This novel behavior could have profound effects on future composite 2DM-based (opto)electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam R Brill
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 3200008, Israel
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 3200008, Israel
| | - Alonit Kafri
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 3200008, Israel
| | - Pranab K Mohapatra
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Ariel Ismach
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Graham de Ruiter
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 3200008, Israel
| | - Elad Koren
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 3200008, Israel
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5
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Snegir S, Dappe YJ, Sysoiev D, Pluchery O, Huhn T, Scheer E. Where do the counterions go? Tip-induced dissociation of self-assembled triazatriangulenium-based molecules on Au(111). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:9930-9937. [PMID: 33861285 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp00221j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chemical coupling of functional molecules on top of the so-called platform molecules allows the formation of functional self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). An often-used example of such a platform is triazatriangulenium (TATA), which features an extended aromatic core providing good electronic contact to the underlying metal surface. Here, we present a study of the SAM formation of a TATA platform on Au(111) employing scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) under ambient atmospheric conditions. In solution, the TATA platform is stabilized by BF4 counterions, while after deposition on a gold substrate, the localization of the BF4 counterions remains unknown. We used 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene as a solvent of TATA-BF4 to induce SAM formation on a heated (∼50 °C) Au substrate. We show by STM how to detect and distinguish TATA-BF4 from TATA platforms, which lost their BF4 counterions. Finally, we observe a change of the counterion position on the SAM during the STM scanning, which we explain by an electric-field-induced decrease of the electrostatic interaction in TATA-BF4 on the surface. We applied DFT calculations to reveal the influence of the gold lattice and the electric field of the STM tip on the stability of TATA-BF4 physisorbed on the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Snegir
- Department of Physics, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78464 Konstanz, Germany.
| | - Y J Dappe
- SPEC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - D Sysoiev
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - O Pluchery
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut des NanoSciences de Paris (INSP), 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - T Huhn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - E Scheer
- Department of Physics, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78464 Konstanz, Germany.
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6
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Brill AR, Kuntumalla MK, de Ruiter G, Koren E. Formation of Highly Ordered Self-Assembled Monolayers on Two-Dimensional Materials via Noncovalent Functionalization. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:33941-33949. [PMID: 32589020 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c09722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Functionalized two-dimensional materials (2DMs) are attracting much attention due to their promising applications in nanoscale devices. Producing continuous and homogeneous surface assemblies with a high degree of order has been challenging. In this work, we demonstrate that by noncovalently self-assembling molecular platforms on 2DMs, high-quality and highly ordered monolayers can be generated. The high degree of order and uniformity of the self-assembled monolayer layers were confirmed by a variety of analytic techniques including time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry, scanning tunnelling microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy. Furthermore, by selectively enhancing the molecular vibrations of the molecular platform, via a combination of graphene-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (GERS) and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), we were able to determine the orientation of self-assembled molecular platforms with respect to the surface normal. The selective enhancement of the vibrational modes occurs by taking advantage of the distance dependence of the Raman enhancement either by the graphene surface (GERS) or the silver nanoparticules (SERS) that are located on top of the self-assembled monolayer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam R Brill
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 3200008, Israel
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 3200008, Israel
| | - Mohan Kumar Kuntumalla
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 3200008, Israel
| | - Graham de Ruiter
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 3200008, Israel
| | - Elad Koren
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 3200008, Israel
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7
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Jasper-Tönnies T, Gruber M, Ulrich S, Herges R, Berndt R. Coverage-Controlled Superstructures of C 3 -Symmetric Molecules: Honeycomb versus Hexagonal Tiling. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:7008-7017. [PMID: 32106353 PMCID: PMC7216838 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202001383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The competition between honeycomb and hexagonal tiling of molecular units can lead to large honeycomb superstructures on surfaces. Such superstructures exhibit pores that may be used as 2D templates for functional guest molecules. Honeycomb superstructures of molecules that comprise a C3 symmetric platform on Au(111) and Ag(111) surfaces are presented. The superstructures cover nearly mesoscopic areas with unit cells containing up to 3000 molecules, more than an order of magnitude larger than previously reported. The unit cell size may be controlled by the coverage. A fairly general model was developed to describe the energetics of honeycomb superstructures built from C3 symmetric units. Based on three parameters that characterize two competing bonding arrangements, the model is consistent with the present experimental data and also reproduces various published results. The model identifies the relevant driving force, mostly related to geometric aspects, of the pattern formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torben Jasper-Tönnies
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität, 24098, Kiel, Germany
| | - Manuel Gruber
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität, 24098, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sandra Ulrich
- Otto-Diels-Institut für Organische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität, 24098, Kiel, Germany
| | - Rainer Herges
- Otto-Diels-Institut für Organische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität, 24098, Kiel, Germany
| | - Richard Berndt
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität, 24098, Kiel, Germany
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8
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Jasper‐Tönnies T, Gruber M, Ulrich S, Herges R, Berndt R. Coverage‐Controlled Superstructures of
C
3
‐Symmetric Molecules: Honeycomb versus Hexagonal Tiling. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202001383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Torben Jasper‐Tönnies
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik Christian-Albrechts-Universität 24098 Kiel Germany
| | - Manuel Gruber
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik Christian-Albrechts-Universität 24098 Kiel Germany
| | - Sandra Ulrich
- Otto-Diels-Institut für Organische Chemie Christian-Albrechts-Universität 24098 Kiel Germany
| | - Rainer Herges
- Otto-Diels-Institut für Organische Chemie Christian-Albrechts-Universität 24098 Kiel Germany
| | - Richard Berndt
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik Christian-Albrechts-Universität 24098 Kiel Germany
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9
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Benneckendorf FS, Rohnacher V, Sauter E, Hillebrandt S, Münch M, Wang C, Casalini S, Ihrig K, Beck S, Jänsch D, Freudenberg J, Jaegermann W, Samorì P, Pucci A, Bunz UHF, Zharnikov M, Müllen K. Tetrapodal Diazatriptycene Enforces Orthogonal Orientation in Self-Assembled Monolayers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:6565-6572. [PMID: 31825591 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b16062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Conformationally rigid multipodal molecules should control the orientation and packing density of functional head groups upon self-assembly on solid supports. Common tripods frequently fail in this regard because of inhomogeneous bonding configuration and stochastic orientation. These issues are circumvented by a suitable tetrapodal diazatriptycene moiety, bearing four thiol-anchoring groups, as demonstrated in the present study. Such molecules form well-defined self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on Au(111) substrates, whereby the tetrapodal scaffold enforces a nearly upright orientation of the terminal head group with respect to the substrate, with at least three of the four anchoring groups providing thiolate-like covalent attachment to the surface. Functionalization by condensation chemistry allows a large variety of functional head groups to be introduced to the tetrapod, paving the path toward advanced surface engineering and sensor fabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank S Benneckendorf
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut , Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg , Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany
- InnovationLab , Speyerer Straße 4 , 69115 Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Valentina Rohnacher
- InnovationLab , Speyerer Straße 4 , 69115 Heidelberg , Germany
- Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik , Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg , Im Neuenheimer Feld 227 , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Eric Sauter
- Angewandte Physikalische Chemie , Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg , Im Neuenheimer Feld 253 , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Sabina Hillebrandt
- InnovationLab , Speyerer Straße 4 , 69115 Heidelberg , Germany
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy , University of St Andrews , North Haugh , St Andrews KY16 9SS , United Kingdom
- Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik , Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg , Im Neuenheimer Feld 227 , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Maybritt Münch
- InnovationLab , Speyerer Straße 4 , 69115 Heidelberg , Germany
- Materials Science Department, Surface Science Division , TU Darmstadt , Otto-Berndt-Straße 3 , 64287 Darmstadt , Germany
| | - Can Wang
- University of Strasbourg , CNRS, ISIS, 8 allée Gaspard Monge , 67000 Strasbourg , France
| | - Stefano Casalini
- University of Strasbourg , CNRS, ISIS, 8 allée Gaspard Monge , 67000 Strasbourg , France
| | - Katharina Ihrig
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut , Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg , Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Sebastian Beck
- InnovationLab , Speyerer Straße 4 , 69115 Heidelberg , Germany
- Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik , Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg , Im Neuenheimer Feld 227 , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Daniel Jänsch
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut , Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg , Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany
- InnovationLab , Speyerer Straße 4 , 69115 Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Jan Freudenberg
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut , Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg , Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany
- InnovationLab , Speyerer Straße 4 , 69115 Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Wolfram Jaegermann
- InnovationLab , Speyerer Straße 4 , 69115 Heidelberg , Germany
- Materials Science Department, Surface Science Division , TU Darmstadt , Otto-Berndt-Straße 3 , 64287 Darmstadt , Germany
| | - Paolo Samorì
- University of Strasbourg , CNRS, ISIS, 8 allée Gaspard Monge , 67000 Strasbourg , France
| | - Annemarie Pucci
- InnovationLab , Speyerer Straße 4 , 69115 Heidelberg , Germany
- Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik , Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg , Im Neuenheimer Feld 227 , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany
- Centre for Advanced Materials , Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg , Im Neuenheimer Feld 225 , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Uwe H F Bunz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut , Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg , Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany
- Centre for Advanced Materials , Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg , Im Neuenheimer Feld 225 , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Michael Zharnikov
- Angewandte Physikalische Chemie , Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg , Im Neuenheimer Feld 253 , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Klaus Müllen
- InnovationLab , Speyerer Straße 4 , 69115 Heidelberg , Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10 , 55128 Mainz , Germany
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10
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Löw R, Rusch T, Röhricht F, Magnussen O, Herges R. Diazocine-functionalized TATA platforms. Beilstein J Org Chem 2019; 15:1485-1490. [PMID: 31354866 PMCID: PMC6633206 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.15.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, it has been shown that the thermochemical cis→trans isomerization of azobenzenes is accelerated by a factor of more than 1000 by electronic coupling to a gold surface via a conjugated system with 11 bonds and a distance of 14 Å. The corresponding molecular architecture consists of a platform (triazatriangulenium (TATA)) which adsorbs on the gold surface, with an acetylene spacer standing upright, like a post in the middle of the platform and the azobenzene unit mounted on top. The rate acceleration is due to a very peculiar thermal singlet-triplet-singlet mechanism mediated by bulk gold. To investigate this mechanism further and to examine scope and limitation of the "spin-switch catalysis" we now prepared analogous diazocine systems. Diazocines, in contrast to azobenzenes, are stable in the cis-configuration. Upon irradiation with light of 405 nm the cis-configuration isomerizes to the trans-form, which slowly returns back to the stable cis-isomer. To investigate the thermal trans→cis isomerization as a function of the conjugation to the metal surface, we connected the acetylene spacer in meta (weak conjugation) and in para (strong conjugation) position. Both isomers form ordered monolayers on Au(111) surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Löw
- Otto Diels Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Kiel, Otto-Hahn-Platz 4, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Talina Rusch
- Institute for Experimental and Applied Physics, University of Kiel, Leibnizstraße 19, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Fynn Röhricht
- Otto Diels Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Kiel, Otto-Hahn-Platz 4, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Olaf Magnussen
- Institute for Experimental and Applied Physics, University of Kiel, Leibnizstraße 19, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Rainer Herges
- Otto Diels Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Kiel, Otto-Hahn-Platz 4, 24118 Kiel, Germany
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11
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Schlimm A, Löw R, Rusch T, Röhricht F, Strunskus T, Tellkamp T, Sönnichsen F, Manthe U, Magnussen O, Tuczek F, Herges R. Long‐Distance Rate Acceleration by Bulk Gold. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:6574-6578. [PMID: 30793824 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201814342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Schlimm
- Christian Albrechts University KielInstitute of Inorganic Chemistry Max-Eyth-Str. 2 24118 Kiel Germany
| | - Roland Löw
- Christian Albrechts University KielInstitute of Organic Chemistry Otto-Hahn-Platz 4 24118 Kiel Germany
| | - Talina Rusch
- Christian Albrechts University KielInstitute of Experimental and Applied Physics Leibnizstr. 19 24118 Kiel Germany
| | - Fynn Röhricht
- Christian Albrechts University KielInstitute of Organic Chemistry Otto-Hahn-Platz 4 24118 Kiel Germany
| | - Thomas Strunskus
- Christian Albrechts University KielInstitute for Materials Science Kaiserstr. 2 24143 Kiel Germany
| | - Tobias Tellkamp
- Christian Albrechts University KielInstitute of Organic Chemistry Otto-Hahn-Platz 4 24118 Kiel Germany
| | - Frank Sönnichsen
- Christian Albrechts University KielInstitute of Organic Chemistry Otto-Hahn-Platz 4 24118 Kiel Germany
| | - Uwe Manthe
- University of BielefeldInstitute of Theoretical Chemistry Universitätsstr. 25 33501 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Olaf Magnussen
- Christian Albrechts University KielInstitute of Experimental and Applied Physics Leibnizstr. 19 24118 Kiel Germany
| | - Felix Tuczek
- Christian Albrechts University KielInstitute of Inorganic Chemistry Max-Eyth-Str. 2 24118 Kiel Germany
| | - Rainer Herges
- Christian Albrechts University KielInstitute of Organic Chemistry Otto-Hahn-Platz 4 24118 Kiel Germany
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12
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Freibert A, Dieterich JM, Hartke B. Exploring self-organization of molecular tether molecules on a gold surface by global structure optimization. J Comput Chem 2019; 40:1978-1989. [PMID: 31069834 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.25853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We employ nondeterministic global cluster structure optimization, based on the evolutionary algorithms paradigm, to model the self-assembly of complex molecules on a surface. As a real-life application example directly related to many recent experiments, we use this approach for the assembly of triazatriangulene "platform" molecules on the Au(111) surface. Without additional restrictions like spatial discretizations, coarse-graining or precalculated adsorption poses, and despite the proof-of-principle character of this study, we achieve satisfactory qualitative agreement with several experimental observations and can provide answers to questions that experiments on these species had left open so far. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Freibert
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University, Olshausenstr. 40, 24098, Kiel, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Johannnes M Dieterich
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University, Olshausenstr. 40, 24098, Kiel, Germany
| | - Bernd Hartke
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University, Olshausenstr. 40, 24098, Kiel, Germany
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13
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Schlimm A, Löw R, Rusch T, Röhricht F, Strunskus T, Tellkamp T, Sönnichsen F, Manthe U, Magnussen O, Tuczek F, Herges R. Long‐Distance Rate Acceleration by Bulk Gold. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201814342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Schlimm
- Christian Albrechts University KielInstitute of Inorganic Chemistry Max-Eyth-Str. 2 24118 Kiel Germany
| | - Roland Löw
- Christian Albrechts University KielInstitute of Organic Chemistry Otto-Hahn-Platz 4 24118 Kiel Germany
| | - Talina Rusch
- Christian Albrechts University KielInstitute of Experimental and Applied Physics Leibnizstr. 19 24118 Kiel Germany
| | - Fynn Röhricht
- Christian Albrechts University KielInstitute of Organic Chemistry Otto-Hahn-Platz 4 24118 Kiel Germany
| | - Thomas Strunskus
- Christian Albrechts University KielInstitute for Materials Science Kaiserstr. 2 24143 Kiel Germany
| | - Tobias Tellkamp
- Christian Albrechts University KielInstitute of Organic Chemistry Otto-Hahn-Platz 4 24118 Kiel Germany
| | - Frank Sönnichsen
- Christian Albrechts University KielInstitute of Organic Chemistry Otto-Hahn-Platz 4 24118 Kiel Germany
| | - Uwe Manthe
- University of BielefeldInstitute of Theoretical Chemistry Universitätsstr. 25 33501 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Olaf Magnussen
- Christian Albrechts University KielInstitute of Experimental and Applied Physics Leibnizstr. 19 24118 Kiel Germany
| | - Felix Tuczek
- Christian Albrechts University KielInstitute of Inorganic Chemistry Max-Eyth-Str. 2 24118 Kiel Germany
| | - Rainer Herges
- Christian Albrechts University KielInstitute of Organic Chemistry Otto-Hahn-Platz 4 24118 Kiel Germany
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14
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Rusch TR, Hammerich M, Herges R, Magnussen OM. Molecular platforms as versatile building blocks for multifunctional photoswitchable surfaces. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:9511-9514. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc04528g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Structurally well-defined arrangements of multiple functional groups can be prepared by self-assembly of mixed monolayers based on molecular platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talina R. Rusch
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics
- Kiel University
- Kiel
- Germany
| | | | - Rainer Herges
- Otto Diels Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Kiel University
- Kiel
- Germany
| | - Olaf M. Magnussen
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics
- Kiel University
- Kiel
- Germany
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15
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Schlimm A, Stucke N, Flöser BM, Rusch T, Krahmer J, Näther C, Strunskus T, Magnussen OM, Tuczek F. Influence of a Metal Substrate on Small-Molecule Activation Mediated by a Surface-Adsorbed Complex. Chemistry 2018; 24:10732-10744. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201800911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Schlimm
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; Christian Albrechts University Kiel; Max-Eyth-Strasse 2 24118 Kiel Germany
| | - Nadja Stucke
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; Christian Albrechts University Kiel; Max-Eyth-Strasse 2 24118 Kiel Germany
| | - Benedikt M. Flöser
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; Christian Albrechts University Kiel; Max-Eyth-Strasse 2 24118 Kiel Germany
| | - Talina Rusch
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics; Christian Albrechts University Kiel; Leibnizstrasse 19 24118 Kiel Germany
| | - Jan Krahmer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; Christian Albrechts University Kiel; Max-Eyth-Strasse 2 24118 Kiel Germany
| | - Christian Näther
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; Christian Albrechts University Kiel; Max-Eyth-Strasse 2 24118 Kiel Germany
| | - Thomas Strunskus
- Institute for Materials Science-Multicomponent Materials; Christian Albrechts University Kiel; Kaiserstrasse 2 24143 Kiel Germany
| | - Olaf M. Magnussen
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics; Christian Albrechts University Kiel; Leibnizstrasse 19 24118 Kiel Germany
| | - Felix Tuczek
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; Christian Albrechts University Kiel; Max-Eyth-Strasse 2 24118 Kiel Germany
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16
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Investigation of the geometrical arrangement and single molecule charge transport in self-assembled monolayers of molecular towers based on tetraphenylmethane tripod. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.11.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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17
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Liebscher M, Bruhn C, Siemeling U, Baio J, Lu H, Weidner T. The Interaction of 1,1′‐Diphosphaferrocenes with Gold: Molecular Coordination Chemistry and Adsorption on Solid Substrates. Eur J Inorg Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201600892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michél Liebscher
- Institute of Chemistry University of Kassel 34109 Kassel Germany
- Center for Interdisciplinary Nanostructure Science and Technology (CINSaT) University of Kassel 34109 Kassel Germany
| | - Clemens Bruhn
- Institute of Chemistry University of Kassel 34109 Kassel Germany
| | - Ulrich Siemeling
- Institute of Chemistry University of Kassel 34109 Kassel Germany
- Center for Interdisciplinary Nanostructure Science and Technology (CINSaT) University of Kassel 34109 Kassel Germany
| | - Joe Baio
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Environmental Engineering Oregon State University 97331 Corvallis OR USA
| | - Hao Lu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Tobias Weidner
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research 55128 Mainz Germany
- Department of Chemistry Aarhus University 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
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18
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Stępień M, Gońka E, Żyła M, Sprutta N. Heterocyclic Nanographenes and Other Polycyclic Heteroaromatic Compounds: Synthetic Routes, Properties, and Applications. Chem Rev 2016; 117:3479-3716. [PMID: 27258218 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 868] [Impact Index Per Article: 108.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensionally extended, polycyclic heteroaromatic molecules (heterocyclic nanographenes) are a highly versatile class of organic materials, applicable as functional chromophores and organic semiconductors. In this Review, we discuss the rich chemistry of large heteroaromatics, focusing on their synthesis, electronic properties, and applications in materials science. This Review summarizes the historical development and current state of the art in this rapidly expanding field of research, which has become one of the key exploration areas of modern heterocyclic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Stępień
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski , ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Gońka
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski , ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marika Żyła
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski , ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Natasza Sprutta
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski , ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
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19
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Hammerich M, Rusch T, Krekiehn NR, Bloedorn A, Magnussen OM, Herges R. Imine-Functionalized Triazatriangulenium Platforms: Towards an Artificial Ciliated Epithelium. Chemphyschem 2016; 17:1870-4. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201600147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Hammerich
- Otto Diels-Institute for Organic Chemistry; Christian-Albrechts University Kiel; Otto-Hahn-Platz 4 Kiel 24119 Germany
| | - Talina Rusch
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik; Christian-Albrechts University Kiel; Leibnizstraße 11-19 Kiel 24119 Germany
| | - Nicolai R. Krekiehn
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik; Christian-Albrechts University Kiel; Leibnizstraße 11-19 Kiel 24119 Germany
| | - Andreas Bloedorn
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik; Christian-Albrechts University Kiel; Leibnizstraße 11-19 Kiel 24119 Germany
| | - Olaf M. Magnussen
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik; Christian-Albrechts University Kiel; Leibnizstraße 11-19 Kiel 24119 Germany
| | - Rainer Herges
- Otto Diels-Institute for Organic Chemistry; Christian-Albrechts University Kiel; Otto-Hahn-Platz 4 Kiel 24119 Germany
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20
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Valášek M, Lindner M, Mayor M. Rigid multipodal platforms for metal surfaces. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 7:374-405. [PMID: 27335731 PMCID: PMC4901557 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.7.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this review the recent progress in molecular platforms that form rigid and well-defined contact to a metal surface are discussed. Most of the presented examples have at least three anchoring units in order to control the spatial arrangement of the protruding molecular subunit. Another interesting feature is the lateral orientation of these foot structures which, depending on the particular application, is equally important as the spatial arrangement of the molecules. The numerous approaches towards assembling and organizing functional molecules into specific architectures on metal substrates are reviewed here. Particular attention is paid to variations of both, the core structures and the anchoring groups. Furthermore, the analytical methods enabling the investigation of individual molecules as well as monomolecular layers of ordered platform structures are summarized. The presented multipodal platforms bearing several anchoring groups form considerably more stable molecule-metal contacts than corresponding monopodal analogues and exhibit an enlarged separation of the functional molecules due to the increased footprint, as well as restrict tilting of the functional termini with respect to the metal surface. These platforms are thus ideally suited to tune important properties of the molecule-metal interface. On a single-molecule level, several of these platforms enable the control over the arrangement of the protruding rod-type molecular structures (e.g., molecular wires, switches, rotors, sensors) with respect to the surface of the substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Valášek
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Marcin Lindner
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Marcel Mayor
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials (LIFM), Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Xingang Rd. W., Guangzhou, China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johannsring 19, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
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21
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Yokoyama S, Hirose T, Matsuda K. Photochemical Cleavage of Axial Group Attached to the Central Carbon Atom of Triangulene Leuco Derivatives at the Ethanol/Au(111) Substrate. CHEM LETT 2015. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.150738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soichi Yokoyama
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University
| | - Takashi Hirose
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University
| | - Kenji Matsuda
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University
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22
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Krekiehn NR, Müller M, Jung U, Ulrich S, Herges R, Magnussen OM. UV/Vis Spectroscopy Studies of the Photoisomerization Kinetics in Self-Assembled Azobenzene-Containing Adlayers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:8362-8370. [PMID: 26134857 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b01645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Direct comparative studies of the photoisomerization of azobenzene derivatives in self-assembled adlayers on Au and as free molecules in dichloromethane solution were performed using UV/vis spectroscopy. For all studied systems a highly reversible trans-cis isomerization in the adlayer is observed. Quantitative studies of the absorbance changes and photoisomerization kinetics reveal that in azobenzenes mounted as freestanding vertical groups on the surface via triazatriangulene-based molecular platforms photoswitching is nearly uninhibited by the local environment in the adlayer. The blue-shift of the π-π* transition in adlayers of these molecules is in good agreement with theoretical studies of the effect of excitonic coupling between the molecules. In contrast, in azobenzene-containing thiol self-assembled monolayers the fraction of photoswitching molecules and the photoisomerization kinetics are significantly reduced compared to free molecules in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- N R Krekiehn
- †Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Leibnizstr. 19, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - M Müller
- †Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Leibnizstr. 19, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - U Jung
- †Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Leibnizstr. 19, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - S Ulrich
- ‡Otto-Diels-Institut für Organische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Otto-Hahn-Platz 4, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - R Herges
- ‡Otto-Diels-Institut für Organische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Otto-Hahn-Platz 4, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - O M Magnussen
- †Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Leibnizstr. 19, 24118 Kiel, Germany
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23
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Lemke S, Chang CH, Jung U, Magnussen OM. Reversible potential-induced switching of alkyl chain aggregation in octyl-triazatriangulenium adlayers on Au(111). LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:3115-3124. [PMID: 25700185 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b00545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In situ scanning tunneling microscopy and cyclic voltammetry studies of self-assembled octyl-triazatriangulenium monolayers on Au(111) electrode surfaces in 0.1 M HClO4 reveal a complex surface phase behavior, involving two fast, highly reversible transitions between different ordered adlayer phases: With decreasing potential, the preadsorbed (√19 × √19)R23.4° adlayer first is converted into a (7√3 × 7√3) and then into a (2√3 × 2√3)R30° phase, corresponding to a stepwise increase in the local packing density of the molecules. The (7√3 × 7√3) → (2√3 × 2√3)R30° transition is accompanied by a reorientation of the peripheral octyl chains from a more planar to a close-packed vertical arrangement. This reversible potential-induced switching between a homogeneous adlayer of small vertical extension and a Au surface partially covered by islands of a compact hydrocarbon layer is attributed to changes in the adsorbate charge state and associated changes in the intermolecular interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Lemke
- Institute for Experimental and Applied Physics, Kiel University, Leibnizstraße 19, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Chi-Hao Chang
- Institute for Experimental and Applied Physics, Kiel University, Leibnizstraße 19, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Ulrich Jung
- Institute for Experimental and Applied Physics, Kiel University, Leibnizstraße 19, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Olaf M Magnussen
- Institute for Experimental and Applied Physics, Kiel University, Leibnizstraße 19, 24118 Kiel, Germany
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24
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Salvatore P, Nazmutdinov RR, Ulstrup J, Zhang J. DNA Bases Assembled on the Au(110)/Electrolyte Interface: A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:3123-34. [DOI: 10.1021/jp511909f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Princia Salvatore
- Department
of Chemistry, Building 207, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Renat R. Nazmutdinov
- Kazan National
Research Technological University, K. Marx Str., 68, 420015 Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Russian Federation
| | - Jens Ulstrup
- Department
of Chemistry, Building 207, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jingdong Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, Building 207, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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25
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Yokoyama S, Hirose T, Matsuda K. Photochemical Cleavage of the Axial Group Attached to the Central Carbon Atom of Triazatriangulene. CHEM LETT 2015. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.140897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soichi Yokoyama
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University
| | - Takashi Hirose
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University
| | - Kenji Matsuda
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University
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26
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Ulrich S, Jung U, Strunskus T, Schütt C, Bloedorn A, Lemke S, Ludwig E, Kipp L, Faupel F, Magnussen O, Herges R. X-ray spectroscopy characterization of azobenzene-functionalized triazatriangulenium adlayers on Au(111) surfaces. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:17053-62. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp01447f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
NEXAFS spectroscopy analysis confirms perpendicular standing azobenzene functionalities connected to flat-lying platform molecules adsorbed on Au(111) single crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Ulrich
- Institut für Organische Chemie
- Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel
- Otto-Hahn-Platz 4
- Germany
| | - Ulrich Jung
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik der Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel
- 24118 Kiel
- Germany
| | - Thomas Strunskus
- Technische Fakultät der Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel
- 24143 Kiel
- Germany
| | - Christian Schütt
- Institut für Organische Chemie
- Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel
- Otto-Hahn-Platz 4
- Germany
| | - Andreas Bloedorn
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik der Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel
- 24118 Kiel
- Germany
| | - Sonja Lemke
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik der Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel
- 24118 Kiel
- Germany
| | - Eric Ludwig
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik der Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel
- 24118 Kiel
- Germany
| | - Lutz Kipp
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik der Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel
- 24118 Kiel
- Germany
| | - Franz Faupel
- Technische Fakultät der Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel
- 24143 Kiel
- Germany
| | - Olaf Magnussen
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik der Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel
- 24118 Kiel
- Germany
| | - Rainer Herges
- Institut für Organische Chemie
- Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel
- Otto-Hahn-Platz 4
- Germany
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27
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Wei Z, Wang X, Borges A, Santella M, Li T, Sørensen JK, Vanin M, Hu W, Liu Y, Ulstrup J, Solomon GC, Chi Q, Bjørnholm T, Nørgaard K, Laursen BW. Triazatriangulene as binding group for molecular electronics. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:14868-14876. [PMID: 25426950 DOI: 10.1021/la504056v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The triazatriangulene (TATA) ring system was investigated as a binding group for tunnel junctions of molecular wires on gold surfaces. Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of TATA platforms with three different lengths of phenylene wires were fabricated, and their electrical conductance was recorded by both conducting probe-atomic force microscopy (CP-AFM) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Similar measurements were performed for phenylene SAMs with thiol anchoring groups as references. It was found that, despite the presence of a sp(3) hybridized carbon atom in the conduction path, the TATA platform displays a contact resistance only slightly larger than the thiols. This surprising finding has not been reported before and was analyzed by theoretical computations of the transmission functions of the TATA anchored molecular wires. The relatively low contact resistance of the TATA platform along with its high stability and directionality make this binding group very attractive for molecular electronic measurements and devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongming Wei
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
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28
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Visual and fluorescent detection of acetamiprid based on the inner filter effect of gold nanoparticles on ratiometric fluorescence quantum dots. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 852:189-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Revised: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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29
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Jacob H, Ulrich S, Jung U, Lemke S, Rusch T, Schütt C, Petersen F, Strunskus T, Magnussen O, Herges R, Tuczek F. Monitoring the reversible photoisomerization of an azobenzene-functionalized molecular triazatriangulene platform on Au(111) by IRRAS. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:22643-50. [PMID: 25242068 DOI: 10.1039/c4cp03438d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Spectroscopic evidence of a reversible, photoinduced trans ↔ cis photoisomerization is provided for an azobenzene-functionalized triazatriangulene (TATA) platform on Au(111). As shown by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), these molecules form a well-ordered self-assembled monolayer (SAM) on Au(111). The surface-adsorbed azo-TATA platforms are also investigated by infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS); a methoxy marker group at the upper phenyl ring of the azo moiety is employed to monitor the switching state. The IRRAS data are analyzed by comparison with theoretical and transmission IR spectra as well as bulk and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopic (SERS) data. IRRAS shows that the methoxy group is oriented perpendicular to the surface in trans- and tilted with respect to the surface normal in cis-configuration. This indicates that the photoswitching capability of the azobenzene moieties is retained on the gold surface. The lifetime of the cis-configuration is, however, reduced by a factor of ∼10(3) with respect to the homogeneous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanne Jacob
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Max-Eyth-Str. 2, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
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30
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Otte FL, Lemke S, Schütt C, Krekiehn NR, Jung U, Magnussen OM, Herges R. Ordered Monolayers of Free-Standing Porphyrins on Gold. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:11248-51. [DOI: 10.1021/ja505563e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Franziska L. Otte
- Otto-Diels-Institute for Organic
Chemistry and ‡Institute for Experimental and Applied
Physics, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Sonja Lemke
- Otto-Diels-Institute for Organic
Chemistry and ‡Institute for Experimental and Applied
Physics, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Christian Schütt
- Otto-Diels-Institute for Organic
Chemistry and ‡Institute for Experimental and Applied
Physics, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Nicolai R. Krekiehn
- Otto-Diels-Institute for Organic
Chemistry and ‡Institute for Experimental and Applied
Physics, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Ulrich Jung
- Otto-Diels-Institute for Organic
Chemistry and ‡Institute for Experimental and Applied
Physics, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Olaf M. Magnussen
- Otto-Diels-Institute for Organic
Chemistry and ‡Institute for Experimental and Applied
Physics, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Rainer Herges
- Otto-Diels-Institute for Organic
Chemistry and ‡Institute for Experimental and Applied
Physics, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, 24098 Kiel, Germany
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31
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Jung U, Kubitschke J, Herges R, Magnussen O. Studies of the molecular switching of azobenzene-functionalized platform adlayers on Au(111) by chronoamperometry. Electrochim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.06.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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32
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Hauptmann N, Scheil K, Gopakumar TG, Otte FL, Schütt C, Herges R, Berndt R. Surface Control of Alkyl Chain Conformations and 2D Chiral Amplification. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:8814-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ja4036187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Hauptmann
- Institut für Experimentelle
und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Katharina Scheil
- Institut für Experimentelle
und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Thiruvancheril G. Gopakumar
- Institut für Experimentelle
und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Franziska L. Otte
- Otto-Diels-Institut für
Organische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Otto-Hahn-Platz 4, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Christian Schütt
- Otto-Diels-Institut für
Organische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Otto-Hahn-Platz 4, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Rainer Herges
- Otto-Diels-Institut für
Organische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Otto-Hahn-Platz 4, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Richard Berndt
- Institut für Experimentelle
und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, 24098 Kiel, Germany
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33
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Sørensen TJ, Madsen AØ, Laursen BW. Synthesis and fluorescence properties of DMCX+—a stable oxygen-bridged [4]helicenium dye. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.11.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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34
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Sripirom J, Kuhn S, Jung U, Magnussen O, Schulte A. Pointed carbon fiber ultramicroelectrodes: a new probe option for electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy. Anal Chem 2013; 85:837-42. [PMID: 23286780 DOI: 10.1021/ac3028432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Carbon tips for in situ scanning tunneling microscopy studies in an electrochemical environment were prepared by electrochemical etching of carbon fibers and subsequent coating with electrodeposition paint and a silicone elastomer. The tips obtained were stable in acidic electrolyte and allowed high-resolution in situ imaging of the bare Au(111) electrode surface and of Au(111) covered by monolayers of the octyl-triazatriangulenium molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyapa Sripirom
- Biochemistry-Electrochemistry Research Unit, School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
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35
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Ludwig E, Strunskus T, Hellmann S, Nefedov A, Wöll C, Kipp L, Rossnagel K. Electronic structure, adsorption geometry, and photoswitchability of azobenzene layers adsorbed on layered crystals. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:20272-80. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp53003e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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36
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Iwicki J, Ludwig E, Buck J, Kalläne M, Köhler F, Herges R, Kipp L, Rossnagel K. The growth and electronic structure of azobenzene-based functional molecules on layered crystals. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2012; 24:394011. [PMID: 22964419 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/24/39/394011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In situ ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy is used to study the growth of ultrathin films of azobenzene-based functional molecules (azobenzene, Disperse Orange 3 and a triazatriangulenium platform with an attached functional azo-group) on the layered metal TiTe(2) and on the layered semiconductor HfS(2) at liquid nitrogen temperatures. Effects of intermolecular interactions, of the substrate electronic structure, and of the thermal energy of the sublimated molecules on the growth process and on the adsorbate electronic structure are identified and discussed. A weak adsorbate-substrate interaction is particularly observed for the layered semiconducting substrate, holding the promise of efficient molecular photoswitching.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Iwicki
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, University of Kiel, D-24098 Kiel, Germany
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37
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Hammershøj P, Sørensen TJ, Han BH, Laursen BW. Base-Assisted One-Pot Synthesis of N,N′,N″-Triaryltriazatriangulenium Dyes: Enhanced Fluorescence Efficiency by Steric Constraints. J Org Chem 2012; 77:5606-12. [DOI: 10.1021/jo3007732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Hammershøj
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK2100 København Ø, Denmark
| | - Thomas Just Sørensen
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK2100 København Ø, Denmark
| | - Bao-Hang Han
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, 11 Beiyitiao Zhongguancun,
Beijing 100190, China
| | - Bo W. Laursen
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK2100 København Ø, Denmark
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38
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Pirc G, Mavri J, Novič M, Stare J. Virtually Nonexistent Correlation between the OH Stretching Frequency and the Instantaneous Geometry in the Short Hydrogen Bond of Sodium Hydrogen Bis(sulfate): Advanced Chemometrics Analysis. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:7221-31. [DOI: 10.1021/jp212372z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gordana Pirc
- National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janez Mavri
- National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marjana Novič
- National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jernej Stare
- National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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39
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Weidner T, Baio JE, Seibel J, Siemeling U. Dithienylcyclopentene-functionalised subphthalocyaninatoboron complexes: photochromism, luminescence modulation and formation of self-assembled monolayers on gold. Dalton Trans 2012; 41:1553-61. [PMID: 22138955 DOI: 10.1039/c1dt11644d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Subphthalocyaninatoboron (SubPc) complexes bearing six peripheral n-dodecylthio substituents and an apical photochromic dithienylperfluorocyclopentene unit were prepared. The photoinduced isomerisation of the apical substituent from the open to the ring-closed form significantly influences the photoluminescence of the covalently attached SubPc unit, which is more efficiently quenched by the ring-closed form. Films on gold were fabricated from these multifunctional conjugates and characterised by near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results are in accord with the formation of self-assembled monolayers based on dome-shaped SubPc-based anchor groups. Their chemisorption is primarily due to the peripheral n-dodecylthio substituents, giving rise to covalently attached thiolate as well as coordinatively bound thioether units, whose alkyl chains are in an almost parallel orientation to the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Weidner
- National ESCA and Surface Analysis Center for Biomedical Problems (NESAC/BIO), Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
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40
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Hamacek J, Besnard C, Mehanna N, Lacour J. Tripodal europium complex with triangulenium dye: a model bifunctional metallo-organic system. Dalton Trans 2012; 41:6777-82. [DOI: 10.1039/c2dt12332k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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41
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Siemeling U, Schirrmacher C, Glebe U, Bruhn C, Baio JE, Árnadóttir L, Castner DG, Weidner T. Phthalocyaninato complexes with peripheral alkylthio chains: disk-like adsorbate species for the vertical anchoring of ligands on gold surfaces. Inorganica Chim Acta 2011; 374:302-312. [PMID: 21857743 PMCID: PMC3156452 DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2011.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Thin metalorganic films were prepared on gold by self-assembly of thioether-functionalised phthalocyaninato complexes from solution. The phthalocyaninato ligands used contain eight peripheral, β-positioned, alkylthio substituents SR (1a: R = n-C(8)H(17), 1b: R = n-C(12)H(25)), which serve as headgroups for surface binding and promote lateral assembly, while the disk-like phthalocyaninato core offers the scope for the attachment of axial ligands to the adsorbed molecules. This process was mimicked by coordination of pyridine (Py) to [Zn(1a)] and [Zn(1b)], respectively. The crystal structures of the products [Zn(1a)(Py)] and [Zn(1b)(Py)] were determined. The crystal structures of 4,5-bis(octylthio)phthalodinitrile and 4,5-bis(dodecylthio)phthalodinitrile were also determined. The films fabricated from [Mn(1a)Cl] and [Mn(1b)Cl] on gold were characterised by XPS, ToF-SIMS and NEXAFS spectroscopy, which revealed the presence of well-defined and homogeneous self-assembled monolayers (SAMs), whose constituents are bound to the substrate by thioether-gold linkages. The orientation of the macrocycles is predominantly parallel to the surface. Strong electronic interaction of the manganese(III) centre with the substrate leads to Cl loss upon adsorption and its reduction to Mn(II).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Siemeling
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Kassel, 34109 Kassel, Germany
- Center for Interdisciplinary Nanostructure Science and Technology (CINSaT), University of Kassel, 34109 Kassel, Germany
| | - Christian Schirrmacher
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Kassel, 34109 Kassel, Germany
- Center for Interdisciplinary Nanostructure Science and Technology (CINSaT), University of Kassel, 34109 Kassel, Germany
| | - Ulrich Glebe
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Kassel, 34109 Kassel, Germany
- Center for Interdisciplinary Nanostructure Science and Technology (CINSaT), University of Kassel, 34109 Kassel, Germany
| | - Clemens Bruhn
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Kassel, 34109 Kassel, Germany
| | - Joe E. Baio
- National ESCA and Surface Analysis Center for Biomedical Problems (NESAC/BIO), Departments of Bioengineering and Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Líney Árnadóttir
- National ESCA and Surface Analysis Center for Biomedical Problems (NESAC/BIO), Departments of Bioengineering and Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - David G. Castner
- National ESCA and Surface Analysis Center for Biomedical Problems (NESAC/BIO), Departments of Bioengineering and Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Tobias Weidner
- National ESCA and Surface Analysis Center for Biomedical Problems (NESAC/BIO), Departments of Bioengineering and Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
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42
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Jung U, Kuhn S, Cornelissen U, Tuczek F, Strunskus T, Zaporojtchenko V, Kubitschke J, Herges R, Magnussen O. Azobenzene-containing triazatriangulenium adlayers on Au(111): structural and spectroscopic characterization. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:5899-5908. [PMID: 21506548 DOI: 10.1021/la104654p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Adlayers of different azobenzene-functionalized derivatives of the triazatriangulenium (TATA) platform on Au(111) surfaces were studied by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), gap-mode surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (gap-mode SERS), and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The chemical composition of the adlayers is in good agreement with the molecular structure, i.e., different chemical groups attached to the azobenzene functionality were identified. Furthermore, the presence of the azobenzene moieties in the adlayers was verified by the vibration spectra and electrochemical data. These results indicate that the molecules remain intact upon adsorption with the freestanding functional groups oriented perpendicularly to the TATA platform and thus also to the substrate surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Jung
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Leibnizstr. 19, 24118 Kiel, Germany
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43
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Determination of acetamiprid by a colorimetric method based on the aggregation of gold nanoparticles. Mikrochim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-011-0562-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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44
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Westerlund F, Elm J, Lykkebo J, Carlsson N, Thyrhaug E, Åkerman B, Sørensen TJ, Mikkelsen KV, Laursen BW. Direct probing of ion pair formation using a symmetric triangulenium dye. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2011; 10:1963-73. [DOI: 10.1039/c1pp05253e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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45
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Kuhn S, Jung U, Ulrich S, Herges R, Magnussen O. Adlayers based on molecular platforms of trioxatriangulenium. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:8880-2. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cc12598b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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46
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Kubitschke J, Näther C, Herges R. Synthesis of Functionalized Triazatriangulenes for Application in Photo-Switchable Self-Assembled Monolayers. European J Org Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201000650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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