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Alobaid AA, Skoda MWA, Harris LK, Campbell RA. Translational use of homing peptides: Tumor and placental targeting. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 662:1033-1043. [PMID: 38387365 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.02.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Tissue-specific homing peptides have been shown to improve chemotherapeutic efficacy due to their trophism for tumor cells. Other sequences that selectively home to the placenta are providing new and safer therapeutics to treat complications in pregnancy. Our hypothesis is that the placental homing peptide RSGVAKS (RSG) may have binding affinity to cancer cells, and that insight can be gained into the binding mechanisms of RSG and the tumor homing peptide CGKRK to model membranes that mimic the primary lipid compositions of the respective cells. EXPERIMENTS Following cell culture studies on the binding efficacy of the peptides on a breast cancer cell line, a systematic translational characterization is delivered using ellipsometry, Brewster angle microscopy and neutron reflectometry of the extents, structures, and dynamics of the interactions of the peptides with the model membranes on a Langmuir trough. FINDINGS We start by revealing that RSG does indeed have binding affinity to breast cancer cells. The peptide is then shown to exhibit stronger interactions and greater penetration than CGKRK into both model membranes, combined with greater disruption to the lipid component. RSG also forms aggregates bound to the model membranes, yet both peptides bind to a greater extent to the placental than cancer model membranes. The results demonstrate the potential for varying local reservoirs of peptide within cell membranes that may influence receptor binding. The innovative nature of our findings motivates the urgent need for more studies involving multifaceted experimental platforms to explore the use of specific peptide sequences to home to different cellular targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulaziz A Alobaid
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom; Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 24923, Safat 13110, Kuwait
| | - Maximilian W A Skoda
- ISIS Neutron & Muon Source, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Lynda K Harris
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom; Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9WL, United Kingdom; St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9WL, United Kingdom; Olson Center for Women's Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, United States.
| | - Richard A Campbell
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom.
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2
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Melnikova DN, Finkina EI, Bogdanov IV, Tagaev AA, Ovchinnikova TV. Features and Possible Applications of Plant Lipid-Binding and Transfer Proteins. MEMBRANES 2022; 13:2. [PMID: 36676809 PMCID: PMC9866449 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In plants, lipid trafficking within and inside the cell is carried out by lipid-binding and transfer proteins. Ligands for these proteins are building and signaling lipid molecules, secondary metabolites with different biological activities due to which they perform diverse functions in plants. Many different classes of such lipid-binding and transfer proteins have been found, but the most common and represented in plants are lipid transfer proteins (LTPs), pathogenesis-related class 10 (PR-10) proteins, acyl-CoA-binding proteins (ACBPs), and puroindolines (PINs). A low degree of amino acid sequence homology but similar spatial structures containing an internal hydrophobic cavity are common features of these classes of proteins. In this review, we summarize the latest known data on the features of these protein classes with particular focus on their ability to bind and transfer lipid ligands. We analyzed the structural features of these proteins, the diversity of their possible ligands, the key amino acids participating in ligand binding, the currently known mechanisms of ligand binding and transferring, as well as prospects for possible application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria N. Melnikova
- M.M. Shemyakin & Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, the Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya Str., 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Phystech School of Biological and Medical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Ekaterina I. Finkina
- M.M. Shemyakin & Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, the Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya Str., 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivan V. Bogdanov
- M.M. Shemyakin & Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, the Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya Str., 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey A. Tagaev
- M.M. Shemyakin & Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, the Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya Str., 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana V. Ovchinnikova
- M.M. Shemyakin & Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, the Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya Str., 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Phystech School of Biological and Medical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia
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3
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Durant JH, Wilkins L, Cooper JFK. Optimizing experimental design in neutron reflectometry. J Appl Crystallogr 2022; 55:769-781. [PMID: 35974737 PMCID: PMC9348865 DOI: 10.1107/s1600576722003831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Using the Fisher information (FI), the design of neutron reflectometry experiments can be optimized, leading to greater confidence in parameters of interest and better use of experimental time [Durant, Wilkins, Butler & Cooper (2021). J. Appl. Cryst. 54, 1100-1110]. In this work, the FI is utilized in optimizing the design of a wide range of reflectometry experiments. Two lipid bilayer systems are investigated to determine the optimal choice of measurement angles and liquid contrasts, in addition to the ratio of the total counting time that should be spent measuring each condition. The reduction in parameter uncertainties with the addition of underlayers to these systems is then quantified, using the FI, and validated through the use of experiment simulation and Bayesian sampling methods. For a 'one-shot' measurement of a degrading lipid monolayer, it is shown that the common practice of measuring null-reflecting water is indeed optimal, but that the optimal measurement angle is dependent on the deuteration state of the monolayer. Finally, the framework is used to demonstrate the feasibility of measuring magnetic signals as small as 0.01 μB per atom in layers only 20 Å thick, given the appropriate experimental design, and that the time to reach a given level of confidence in the small magnetic moment is quantifiable.
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Affiliation(s)
- James H. Durant
- ISIS Neutron and Muon Source, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Lucas Wilkins
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9QG, United Kingdom
| | - Joshaniel F. K. Cooper
- ISIS Neutron and Muon Source, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
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4
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Morris CF, Luna J, Caffe-Treml M. The Vromindolines of cv. Hayden oat (Avena sativa L.) – A review of the Poeae and Triticeae indolines and a suggested system for harmonization of nomenclature. J Cereal Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2020.103135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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5
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Laparra JM, Haros CM. Plant seed protease inhibitors differentially affect innate immunity in a tumor microenvironment to control hepatocarcinoma. Food Funct 2020; 10:4210-4219. [PMID: 31257391 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo00795d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Identifying tolerance responses to ingested foodstuff over life is essential for understanding dysfunction in metabolic diseases. This study presents a comparative structural and functional analysis of serine-type protease inhibitors (STPIs) from Chenopodium quinoa, Salvia hispanica L., Avena sativa and Triticum durum. It also evaluates their influence on an in vivo hepatocarcinoma (HCC) model. STPIs are found in all samples with significant differences in protease inhibitory capacity: C. quinoa = S. hispanica < A. sativa = T. durum. STPIs in C. quinoa and S. hispanica appear as heterologous complexes, while those in A. sativa are present as homologous complexes. T. durum provides different subunits with STPI capacity. HPLC-RP-ESI analyses revealed homology between STPIs in the different samples and the partial resistance of those to simulated gastrointestinal digestion. In vivo, STPIs from S. hispanica showed the most positive effects, increasing F4/80+ cells normalizing the expression (mRNA) of CD36 and the innate immune 'Toll-like' receptor (TLR)-4. Only STPIs from C. quinoa and S. hispanica did not impair the production of inflammatory mediators (granulocyte-monocyte colony stimulating factor, stem cell factor and TNFα), contributing to maintaining the polarization of the antitumoral M1 macrophage phenotype. These structural and functional features of STPIs from C. quinoa and S. hispanica can be used to control HCC aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Laparra
- Molecular Immunonutrition Group, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies in Food (IMDEA-Food), Ctra. de Canto Blanco n° 8, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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6
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Ortiz-Collazos S, Picciani PH, Oliveira ON, Pimentel AS, Edler KJ. Influence of levofloxacin and clarithromycin on the structure of DPPC monolayers. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2019; 1861:182994. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2019.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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7
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The antimicrobial properties of the puroindolines, a review. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 35:86. [PMID: 31134452 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-019-2655-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial proteins, and especially antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) hold great promise in the control of animal and plant diseases with low risk of pathogen resistance. The two puroindolines, a and b, from wheat control endosperm softness of the wheat caryopsis (grain), but have also been shown to inhibit the growth and kill various bacteria and fungi, while showing little toxicity to erythrocytes. Puroindolines are small (~ 13 kDa) amphipathic proteins with a characteristic tryptophan-rich domain (TRD) that is part of an 18 or 19 amino acid residue loop subtended by a disulfide bond. This review presents a brief history of the puroindolines, their physical-chemical characteristics, their interaction with lipids and membranes, and their activity as antimicrobial proteins and AMPs. In this latter context, the use of the TRDs of puroindoline a and b in puroindoline AMP function is reviewed. The activity of puroindoline a and b and their AMPs appear to act through similar but somewhat different modes, which may involve membrane binding, membrane disruption and ion channel formation, and intra-cellular nucleic acid binding and metabolic disruption. Natural and synthetic mutants have identified key elements of the puroindolines for antimicrobial activity.
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8
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Clifton LA, Hall SCL, Mahmoudi N, Knowles TJ, Heinrich F, Lakey JH. Structural Investigations of Protein-Lipid Complexes Using Neutron Scattering. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 2003:201-251. [PMID: 31218621 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9512-7_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Neutron scattering has significant benefits for examining the structure of protein-lipid complexes. Cold (slow) neutrons are nondamaging and predominantly interact with the atomic nucleus, meaning that neutron beams can penetrate deeply into samples, which allows for flexibility in the design of samples studied. Most importantly, there is a strong difference in neutron scattering length (i.e., scattering power) between protium ([Formula: see text], 99.98% natural abundance) and deuterium ([Formula: see text] or D, 0.015%). Through the mixing of H2O and D2O in the samples and in some cases the deuterium labeling of the biomolecules, components within a complex can be hidden or enhanced in the scattering signal. This enables both the overall structure and the relative distribution of components within a complex to be resolved. Lipid-protein complexes are most commonly studied using neutron reflectometry (NR) and small angle neutron scattering (SANS). In this review the methodologies to produce and examine a variety of model biological membrane systems using SANS and NR are detailed. These systems include supported lipid bilayers derived from vesicle dispersions or Langmuir-Blodgett deposition, tethered bilayer systems, membrane protein-lipid complexes and polymer wrapped lipid nanodiscs. The three key stages of any SANS/NR study on model membrane systems-sample preparation, data collection, and analysis-are described together with some background on the techniques themselves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke A Clifton
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Didcot, Oxfordshire, UK.
| | - Stephen C L Hall
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Najet Mahmoudi
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Didcot, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Timothy J Knowles
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Frank Heinrich
- Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- National Institute of Standards and Technology Centre for Neutron Research, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Jeremy H Lakey
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.
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9
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Keller RC. Identification of potential lipid binding regions in cereal proteins and peptides with the use of bioinformatics. J Cereal Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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10
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Mazzer AR, Clifton LA, Perevozchikova T, Butler PD, Roberts CJ, Bracewell DG. Neutron reflectivity measurement of protein A-antibody complex at the solid-liquid interface. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1499:118-131. [PMID: 28410804 PMCID: PMC5408906 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.03.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The orientation of IgG4 adsorbed at the solid-liquid interface was probed. A chromatography resin was mimicked by attaching protein A to a silica surface. Neutron reflectivity was used to measure protein A and adsorbed IgG structures. Protein A-modified silica was blocked with either BSA or PEG before IgG adsorption. Adsorbed IgG extended up to 230 Å from the surface, depending on blocking strategy.
Chromatography is a ubiquitous unit operation in the purification of biopharmaceuticals yet few studies have addressed the biophysical characterisation of proteins at the solution-resin interface. Chromatography and other adsorption and desorption processes have been shown to induce protein aggregation which is undesirable in biopharmaceutical products. In order to advance understanding of how adsorption processes might impact protein stability, neutron reflectivity was used to characterise the structure of adsorbed immunoglobulin G (IgG) on model surfaces. In the first model system, IgG was adsorbed directly to silica and demonstrated a side-on orientation with high surface contact. A maximum dimension of 60 Å in the surface normal direction and high density surface coverage were observed under pH 4.1 conditions. In chromatography buffers, pH was found to influence IgG packing density and orientation at the solid-liquid interface. In the second model system, which was designed to mimic an affinity chromatography surface, protein A was attached to a silica surface to produce a configuration representative of a porous glass chromatography resin. Interfacial structure was probed during sequential stages from ligand attachment, through to IgG binding and elution. Adsorbed IgG structures extended up to 250 Å away from the surface and showed dependence on surface blocking strategies. The data was suggestive of two IgG molecules bound to protein A with a somewhat skewed orientation and close proximity to the silica surface. The findings provide insight into the orientation of adsorbed antibody structures under conditions encountered during chromatographic separations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice R Mazzer
- Dept. Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Luke A Clifton
- ISIS, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxon, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Tatiana Perevozchikova
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Paul D Butler
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Bldg. 235, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8562, USA
| | - Christopher J Roberts
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Daniel G Bracewell
- Dept. Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
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11
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Ciumac D, Campbell RA, Xu H, Clifton LA, Hughes AV, Webster JR, Lu JR. Implications of lipid monolayer charge characteristics on their selective interactions with a short antimicrobial peptide. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 150:308-316. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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12
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Niknejad A, Webster D, Bhave M. Production of bioactive wheat puroindoline proteins in Nicotiana benthamiana using a virus-based transient expression system. Protein Expr Purif 2016; 125:43-52. [PMID: 26363114 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2015.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of antibiotic resistant pathogenic strains of bacteria has necessitated the development of novel antimicrobial agents. The puroindoline A and B (PINA and PINB) proteins of wheat, well-known for their roles in determining the important phenotype of grain texture, are also antimicrobial, making them attractive as natural bio-control agents. However, the biochemical basis of PIN functionality remains unclear due to limitations in expressing them at the required yield and purity and lack of accurate tertiary structure. This study focussed on rapid transient expression of PINs targeted to different subcellular compartments (chloroplast, apoplast, endoplasmic reticulum and cytosol) of Nicotiana benthamiana leaf cells using the deconstructed tobacco mosaic virus-based 'magnICON®' system. The expressed recombinant PINs were characterised by Western blot using the Durotest anti-friabilin antibody, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and antimicrobial activity tests. Maximum yield of the His-tagged PINs occurred when targeted to the chloroplast. Both PINs exhibited oligomeric and monomeric forms on gels, but Western blots with the widely used Durotest anti-friabilin antibody identified only oligomeric forms. Only the PINs purified by a hydrophobic interaction method exhibited monomeric forms with the anti-His tag antibody, indicating correct folding. Interestingly, the Durotest antibody did not bind to monomers, suggesting their epitope may be obscured. PINs purified by His-tag affinity purification under native conditions or by the hydrophobic method exhibited antimicrobial activities. The successful in planta expression and optimisation of purification will enable future studies to examine the detailed structure of the PINs and explore novel bio-control applications in health, food and/or agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Niknejad
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Diane Webster
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mrinal Bhave
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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13
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Knyght I, Clifton L, Saaka Y, Lawrence MJ, Barlow DJ. Interaction of the Antimicrobial Peptides Rhesus θ-Defensin and Porcine Protegrin-1 with Anionic Phospholipid Monolayers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:7403-10. [PMID: 27357217 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b01688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A combination of Langmuir isotherm, Brewster angle microscopy (BAM), and neutron reflectivity studies have been performed to gain insight into the effects on model bacterial cell membranes of the antimicrobial peptides, Rhesus θ-defensin 1 (RTD-1), and porcine protegrin 1 (PG-1). The peptides were interacted with monolayers spread at the air-water interface and prepared from a 3:1 molar mixture of phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol used to approximate the cell membranes of Gram positive bacteria. The Langmuir film balance measurements show that both peptides perturb the lipid monolayers causing an increase in surface pressure, and the BAM studies show that each results in the formation of small domains within the lipid films, around 5 μm diameter. The overall change in monolayer surface pressure caused by PG-1, however, is a little more pronounced than that due to RTD-1 (+8.5 mN·m(-1) vs +5.5 mN·m(-1)), and the rate of its initial interaction with the monolayer is a little more rapid than that for RTD-1. The neutron reflectivity studies also show differences for PG-1 and RTD-1, with the model fits to these data showing that the more amphiphilic PG-1 becomes fully embedded within the lipid film-causing an extension of the lipid acyl chains but leaving the thickness of the lipid headgroup layer unaffected-while RTD-1 is seen to insert less deeply-causing the same extension of the lipid acyl chains as PG-1 but also causing a significant increase in thickness of the lipid headgroup layer. The various differing effects of the two peptides on anionic lipid monolayers are discussed in the context of their differing hemolytic activities, and their proposed differing propensities to form transmembrane pores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Knyght
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London , London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Luke Clifton
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, ISIS Spallation Neutron Source, Harwell OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Yussif Saaka
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London , London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - M Jayne Lawrence
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London , London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - David J Barlow
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London , London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
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14
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Sanders MR, Clifton LA, Frazier RA, Green RJ. Role of Lipid Composition on the Interaction between a Tryptophan-Rich Protein and Model Bacterial Membranes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:2050-7. [PMID: 26813886 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b04628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between tryptophan-rich puroindoline proteins and model bacterial membranes at the air-liquid interface has been investigated by FTIR spectroscopy, surface pressure measurements, and Brewster angle microscopy. The role of different lipid constituents on the interactions between lipid membrane and protein was studied using wild type (Pin-b) and mutant (Trp44 to Arg44 mutant, Pin-bs) puroindoline proteins. The results show differences in the lipid selectivity of the two proteins in terms of preferential binding to specific lipid head groups in mixed lipid systems. Pin-b wild type was able to penetrate mixed layers of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylglycerol (PG) head groups more deeply compared to the mutant Pin-bs. Increasing saturation of the lipid tails increased penetration and adsorption of Pin-b wild type, but again the response of the mutant form differed. The results provide insight as to the role of membrane architecture, lipid composition, and fluidity on antimicrobial activity of proteins. Data show distinct differences in the lipid binding behavior of Pin-b as a result of a single residue mutation, highlighting the importance of hydrophobic and charged amino acids in antimicrobial protein and peptide activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Sanders
- School of Pharmacy and Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading , PO Box 226, Whiteknights, Reading, Berkshire RG6 6AP, United Kingdom
| | - Luke A Clifton
- ISIS Pulsed Neutron and Muon Source, Science and technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory , Harwell Oxford Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Richard A Frazier
- School of Pharmacy and Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading , PO Box 226, Whiteknights, Reading, Berkshire RG6 6AP, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca J Green
- School of Pharmacy and Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading , PO Box 226, Whiteknights, Reading, Berkshire RG6 6AP, United Kingdom
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Peptides and Peptidomimetics for Antimicrobial Drug Design. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2015; 8:366-415. [PMID: 26184232 PMCID: PMC4588174 DOI: 10.3390/ph8030366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to introduce and highlight a few classes of traditional antimicrobial peptides with a focus on structure-activity relationship studies. After first dissecting the important physiochemical properties that influence the antimicrobial and toxic properties of antimicrobial peptides, the contributions of individual amino acids with respect to the peptides antibacterial properties are presented. A brief discussion of the mechanisms of action of different antimicrobials as well as the development of bacterial resistance towards antimicrobial peptides follows. Finally, current efforts on novel design strategies and peptidomimetics are introduced to illustrate the importance of antimicrobial peptide research in the development of future antibiotics.
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Geneix N, Dalgalarrondo M, Bakan B, Rolland-Sabaté A, Elmorjani K, Marion D. A single amino acid substitution in puroindoline b impacts its self-assembly and the formation of heteromeric assemblies with puroindoline a. J Cereal Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2015.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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17
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Sanders MR, Clifton LA, Neylon C, Frazier RA, Green RJ. Selected wheat seed defense proteins exhibit competitive binding to model microbial lipid interfaces. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:6890-6900. [PMID: 23767912 DOI: 10.1021/jf401336a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Puroindolines (Pins) and purothionins (Pths) are basic, amphiphilic, cysteine-rich wheat proteins that play a role in plant defense against microbial pathogens. This study examined the co-adsorption and sequential addition of Pins (Pin-a, Pin-b, and a mutant form of Pin-b with Trp-44 to Arg-44 substitution) and β-purothionin (β-Pth) model anionic lipid layers using a combination of surface pressure measurements, external reflection FTIR spectroscopy, and neutron reflectometry. Results highlighted differences in the protein binding mechanisms and in the competitive binding and penetration of lipid layers between respective Pins and β-Pth. Pin-a formed a blanket-like layer of protein below the lipid surface that resulted in the reduction or inhibition of β-Pth penetration of the lipid layer. Wild-type Pin-b participated in co-operative binding with β-Pth, whereas the mutant Pin-b did not bind to the lipid layer in the presence of β-Pth. The results provide further insight into the role of hydrophobic and cationic amino acid residues in antimicrobial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Sanders
- Reading School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, United Kingdom
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Clifton LA, Sanders M, Kinane C, Arnold T, Edler KJ, Neylon C, Green RJ, Frazier RA. The role of protein hydrophobicity in thionin-phospholipid interactions: a comparison of α1 and α2-purothionin adsorbed anionic phospholipid monolayers. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 14:13569-79. [PMID: 22955734 DOI: 10.1039/c2cp42029e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The plant defence proteins α1- and α2-purothionin (Pth) are type 1 thionins from common wheat (Triticum aestivum). These highly homologous proteins possess characteristics common amongst antimicrobial peptides and proteins, that is, cationic charge, amphiphilicity and hydrophobicity. Both α1- and α2-Pth possess the same net charge, but differ in relative hydrophobicity as determined by C18 reversed phase HPLC. Brewster angle microscopy, X-ray and neutron reflectometry, external reflection FTIR and associated surface pressure measurements demonstrated that α1 and α2-Pth interact strongly with condensed phase 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-rac-glycerol) (DPPG) monolayers at the air/liquid interface. Both thionins disrupted the in-plane structure of the anionic phospholipid monolayers, removing lipid during this process and both penetrated the lipid monolayer in addition to adsorbing as a single protein layer to the lipid head-group. However, analysis of the interfacial structures revealed that the α2-Pth showed faster disruption of the lipid film and removed more phospholipid (12%) from the interface than α1-Pth. Correlating the protein properties and lipid binding activity suggests that hydrophobicity plays a key role in the membrane lipid removal activity of thionins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke A Clifton
- ISIS Spallation Neutron Source, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, UK.
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Abstract
Studying the structure of protein-lipid complexes, be they in vesicles, planar bilayers, monolayers, or nanodiscs, poses two particular challenges. Firstly such complexes are often dynamic. Secondly we need to resolve the lipid and protein structures within the complex. Neutron scattering is well placed to help in both respects since it deals with molecules in large, complex, dynamic structures and can easily differentiate between different molecular species. This comes from the great penetrating power of neutrons and their sensitivity to the difference between hydrogen (H) and deuterium (D). Both membrane proteins and lipids can be produced with varying degrees of deuteration, thus allowing us to dissect complexes with great accuracy. Two main scattering techniques are immediately applicable to the study of protein-lipid interactions. Neutron reflection exploits the constructive interference, which occurs when neutrons are reflected from different points in a layer. An everyday example is the rainbow of colors reflected from an oil film on water, which result from varying film thickness and the angle of reflection. Neutrons because of their short wavelengths (4-15 Å) and H/D sensitivity can, in reflectometry mode, provide accurate cross sections of lipid monolayers and bilayers. Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) can resolve the structures of protein-lipid complexes if they are present as homogeneous dispersions. This is easiest with detergent micelles, but increasingly methods are being developed whereby vesicles, nanodiscs, etc., can be resolved. Again the ability to deuterate proteins and lipids enables SANS to resolve the inner structure of big, dynamic, lipid-protein complexes. The recent introduction of advanced neutron beam lines means that the technique is now within the grasp of a broad cross section of researchers.
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