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Wang X, Zhou J, Kang D, Swain MV, Menčík J, Jian Y, Zhao K. The bulk compressive creep and recovery behavior of human dentine and resin-based dental materials. Dent Mater 2020; 36:366-376. [PMID: 31983468 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2020.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate and compare the viscoelastic properties of dentine and resin-based dental materials by bulk compressive test and the Burgers model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sound dentine, three resin composites as well as a resin-based cement were prepared into cylindrical specimens (n = 8). A bulk compressive creep test was applied with a constant load of 300 N (23.9 MPa) for 2 h, followed by another 2 h recovery. The maximum strain, creep stain, percentage of recovery and permanent set was measured using a linear variable displacement transducer. The viscoelastic properties were characterized via the Burgers model, and the instantaneous elastic, viscous as well as elastic delayed deformation were separated from the total strain. Data were analysed via ANOVA (or Welch's Test) and Tukey (or Games-Howell Test) with a significance level of 0.05. RESULTS Sound dentine presented the lowest maximum strain, creep strain, permanent set and the highest percentage of recovery, followed by 3 resin composites with comparable parameters, while the cement showed a significantly higher maximum strain, permanent set and lower percentage of recovery (p < 0.001). The Burgers model presented acceptable fits for characterization viscoelastic processes of both dentine and resin-based dental materials. Viscous and elastic delayed strain of dentine was significantly lower than those for tested materials (p < 0.001) with the highest instantaneous elastic strain percentage. Similar viscous and delayed strain was found among the 4 resin-based materials (p > 0.05). SIGNIFICANCE Sound dentine exhibited superior creep stability compared to resin-based dental materials. The viscous deformation in sound dentine could be ignored when loading parallel to dentine tubules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Wang
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Technology and Materials for Oral Reconstruction, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jing Zhou
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Technology and Materials for Oral Reconstruction, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Dehua Kang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Michael V Swain
- AMME, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Don State Technical University, Rostov-on Don, Russia.
| | - Jaroslav Menčík
- Department of Mechanics, Materials and Machine Parts, Faculty of Transport Sciences, University of Pardubice, Czech Republic.
| | - Yutao Jian
- Institute of Stomatological Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Ke Zhao
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Technology and Materials for Oral Reconstruction, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China.
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Liu Z, Weng Z, Zhai ZF, Huang N, Zhang ZJ, Tan J, Jiang C, Jiao D, Tan G, Zhang J, Jiang X, Zhang Z, Ritchie RO. Hydration-induced nano- to micro-scale self-recovery of the tooth enamel of the giant panda. Acta Biomater 2018; 81:267-277. [PMID: 30273740 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.09.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The tooth enamel of vertebrates comprises a hyper-mineralized bioceramic, but is distinguished by an exceptional durability to resist impact and wear throughout the lifetime of organisms; however, enamels exhibit a low resistance to the initiation of large-scale cracks comparable to that of geological minerals based on fracture mechanics. Here we reveal that the tooth enamel, specifically from the giant panda, is capable of developing durability through counteracting the early stage of damage by partially recovering its innate geometry and structure at nano- to micro- length-scales autonomously. Such an attribute results essentially from the unique architecture of tooth enamel, specifically the vertical alignment of nano-scale mineral fibers and micro-scale prisms within a water-responsive organic-rich matrix, and can lead to a decrease in the dimension of indent damage in enamel introduced by indentation. Hydration plays an effective role in promoting the recovery process and improving the indentation fracture toughness of enamel (by ∼73%), at a minor cost of micro-hardness (by ∼5%), as compared to the dehydrated state. The nano-scale mechanisms that are responsible for the recovery deformation, specifically the reorientation and rearrangement of mineral fragments and the inter- and intra-prismatic sliding between constituents that are closely related to the viscoelasticity of organic matrix, are examined and analyzed with respect to the structure of tooth enamel. Our study sheds new light on the strategies underlying Nature's design of durable ceramics which could be translated into man-made systems in developing high-performance ceramic materials. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Tooth enamel plays a critical role in the function of teeth by providing a hard surface layer to resist wear/impact throughout the lifetime of organisms; however, such enamel exhibits a remarkably low resistance to the initiation of large-scale cracks, of hundreds of micrometers or more, comparable to that of geological minerals. Here we reveal that tooth enamel, specifically that of the giant panda, is capable of partially recovering its geometry and structure to counteract the early stages of damage at nano- to micro-scale dimensions autonomously. Such an attribute results essentially from the architecture of enamel but is markedly enhanced by hydration. Our work discerns a series of mechanisms that lead to the deformation and recovery of enamel and identifies a unique source of durability in the enamel to accomplish this function. The ingenious design of tooth enamel may inspire the development of new durable ceramic materials in man-made systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengqian Liu
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Zhaoyong Weng
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Zhao-Feng Zhai
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Nan Huang
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Zhen-Jun Zhang
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jun Tan
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Chuanbin Jiang
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Da Jiao
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Guoqi Tan
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; State Key Laboratory of Advanced Non-ferrous Materials, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Zhefeng Zhang
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Robert O Ritchie
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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Rathsam C, Farahani RM, Hains PG, Valova VA, Charadram N, Zoellner H, Swain M, Hunter N. Characterization of inter-crystallite peptides in human enamel rods reveals contribution by the Y allele of amelogenin. J Struct Biol 2018; 204:26-37. [PMID: 29959991 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Proteins of the inter-rod sheath and peptides within the narrow inter-crystallite space of the rod structure are considered largely responsible for visco-elastic and visco-plastic properties of enamel. The present study was designed to investigate putative peptides of the inter-crystallite space. Entities of 1-6 kDa extracted from enamel rods of erupted permanent teeth were analysed by mass spectrometry (MS) and shown to comprise N-terminal amelogenin (AMEL) peptides either containing or not containing exon 4 product. Other dominant entities consisted of an N-terminal peptide from ameloblastin (AMBN) and a series of the most hydrophobic peptides from serum albumin (ALBN). Amelogenin peptides encoded by the Y-chromosome allele were strongly detected in Enamel from male teeth. Location of N-terminal AMEL peptides as well as AMBN and ALBN, between apatite crystallites, was disclosed by immunogold scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Density plots confirmed the relative abundance of these products including exon 4+ AMEL peptides that have greater capacity for binding to hydroxyapatite. Hydrophilic X and Y peptides encoded in exon 4 differ only in substitution of non-polar isoleucine in Y for polar threonine in X with reduced disruption of the hydrophobic N-terminal structure in the Y form. Despite similarity of X and Y alleles of AMEL the non-coding region upstream from exon 4 shows significant variation with implications for segregation of processing of transcripts from exon 4. Detection of fragments from multiple additional proteins including keratins (KER), fetuin A (FETUA), proteinases and proteinase inhibitors, likely reflect biochemical events during enamel formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Rathsam
- Institute of Dental Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research and Centre for Oral Health, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Ramin M Farahani
- Institute of Dental Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research and Centre for Oral Health, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia; Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter G Hains
- Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Valentina A Valova
- Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nattida Charadram
- Institute of Dental Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research and Centre for Oral Health, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia; Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Hans Zoellner
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michael Swain
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Faculty of Dentistry, Kuwait University, Kuwait
| | - Neil Hunter
- Institute of Dental Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research and Centre for Oral Health, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia; Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Nautiyal P, Alam F, Balani K, Agarwal A. The Role of Nanomechanics in Healthcare. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7. [PMID: 29193838 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201700793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Nanomechanics has played a vital role in pushing our capability to detect, probe, and manipulate the biological species, such as proteins, cells, and tissues, paving way to a deeper knowledge and superior strategies for healthcare. Nanomechanical characterization techniques, such as atomic force microscopy, nanoindentation, nanotribology, optical tweezers, and other hybrid techniques have been utilized to understand the mechanics and kinetics of biospecies. Investigation of the mechanics of cells and tissues has provided critical information about mechanical characteristics of host body environments. This information has been utilized for developing biomimetic materials and structures for tissue engineering and artificial implants. This review summarizes nanomechanical characterization techniques and their potential applications in healthcare research. The principles and examples of label-free detection of cancers and myocardial infarction by nanomechanical cantilevers are discussed. The vital importance of nanomechanics in regenerative medicine is highlighted from the perspective of material selection and design for developing biocompatible scaffolds. This review interconnects the advancements made in fundamental materials science research and biomedical technology, and therefore provides scientific insight that is of common interest to the researchers working in different disciplines of healthcare science and technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranjal Nautiyal
- Nanomechanics and Nanotribology Laboratory Florida International University 10555 West Flagler Street Miami FL 33174 USA
| | - Fahad Alam
- Biomaterials Processing and Characterization Laboratory Department of Materials Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur Kanpur 208016 India
| | - Kantesh Balani
- Biomaterials Processing and Characterization Laboratory Department of Materials Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur Kanpur 208016 India
| | - Arvind Agarwal
- Nanomechanics and Nanotribology Laboratory Florida International University 10555 West Flagler Street Miami FL 33174 USA
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La Fontaine A, Zavgorodniy A, Liu H, Zheng R, Swain M, Cairney J. Atomic-scale compositional mapping reveals Mg-rich amorphous calcium phosphate in human dental enamel. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2016; 2:e1601145. [PMID: 27617291 PMCID: PMC5014466 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1601145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Human dental enamel, the hardest tissue in the body, plays a vital role in protecting teeth from wear as a result of daily grinding and chewing as well as from chemical attack. It is well established that the mechanical strength and fatigue resistance of dental enamel are derived from its hierarchical structure, which consists of periodically arranged bundles of hydroxyapatite (HAP) nanowires. However, we do not yet have a full understanding of the in vivo HAP crystallization process that leads to this structure. Mg(2+) ions, which are present in many biological systems, regulate HAP crystallization by stabilizing its precursor, amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP), but their atomic-scale distribution within HAP is unknown. We use atom probe tomography to provide the first direct observations of an intergranular Mg-rich ACP phase between the HAP nanowires in mature human dental enamel. We also observe Mg-rich elongated precipitates and pockets of organic material among the HAP nanowires. These observations support the postclassical theory of amelogenesis (that is, enamel formation) and suggest that decay occurs via dissolution of the intergranular phase. This information is also useful for the development of more accurate models to describe the mechanical behavior of teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre La Fontaine
- School of Aerospace, Mechanical, and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
- Australian Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Alexander Zavgorodniy
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
- Institute of Dental Research, Westmead Centre for Oral Health, Sydney, New South Wales 2145, Australia
| | - Howgwei Liu
- Australian Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Rongkun Zheng
- School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Michael Swain
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
- Faculty of Dentistry, Kuwait University, P. O. Box 24923, Safat 13110, Kuwait
| | - Julie Cairney
- School of Aerospace, Mechanical, and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
- Australian Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
- Corresponding author.
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Meng Y, Xia Y, Young TM, Cai Z, Wang S. Viscoelasticity of wood cell walls with different moisture content as measured by nanoindentation. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra05822h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanical properties and creep behaviour of wood cell walls were measured over a range of various steady moisture conditions using instrumental indentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Meng
- Center for Renewable Carbon
- University of Tennessee
- Knoxville
- USA
| | - Yuzhi Xia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of Tennessee
- Knoxville
- USA
- SEMS
| | | | - Zhiyong Cai
- Forest Products Laboratory
- USDA Forest Service
- Madison
- USA
| | - Siqun Wang
- Center for Renewable Carbon
- University of Tennessee
- Knoxville
- USA
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