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Jia A, Huang H, Zuo ZF, Peng YJ. Electronic structure and interaction in CH 4@C 60: a first-principle investigation. J Mol Model 2022; 28:179. [PMID: 35657430 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-022-05172-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
CH4@C60 was the first example within which an organic molecule has been embedded in C60. CH4 can rotate freely in the molecular cage, and the carbon skeleton structure of the C60 has no obvious deformation. The electronic structure of CH4@C60 and interaction between C60 and CH4 were studied under quantum mechanical calculation method. The different reaction sites on C-C bonds in C60 and the weak Van der Waals interaction between CH4 and C60 were shown clearly. These results and the orbital interaction between CH4 and C60 were helpful for understanding and further application of this unique biggest organic molecule CH4 contained in C60 structure so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ang Jia
- Affiliated First Hospital, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, People's Republic of China
| | - He Huang
- College of Comprehensive Studies, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Fu Zuo
- College of Comprehensive Studies, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yon-Jin Peng
- College of Comprehensive Studies, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Zhou S, Yuan J, Wang Z, Ling K, Fu P, Fang Y, Wang Y, Liu Z, Porfyrakis K, Briggs GAD, Gao S, Jiang S. Implementation of Quantum Level Addressability and Geometric Phase Manipulation in Aligned Endohedral Fullerene Qu
d
its. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202115263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shen Zhou
- Spin-X Institute School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional Materials South China University of Technology Guangzhou China
- College of Aerospace Science and Engineering National University of Defense Technology Changsha China
| | - Jiayue Yuan
- College of Aerospace Science and Engineering National University of Defense Technology Changsha China
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Science Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Materials and Devices College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing China
| | - Zi‐Yu Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Science Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Materials and Devices College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing China
| | - Kun Ling
- Spin-X Institute School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional Materials South China University of Technology Guangzhou China
| | - Peng‐Xiang Fu
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Science Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Materials and Devices College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing China
| | - Yu‐Hui Fang
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Science Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Materials and Devices College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing China
| | - Ye‐Xin Wang
- Spin-X Institute School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional Materials South China University of Technology Guangzhou China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Spin-X Institute School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional Materials South China University of Technology Guangzhou China
| | - Kyriakos Porfyrakis
- School of Engineering University of Greenwich Central Avenue Chatham Maritime Kent ME4 4TB UK
- Materials Department Oxford University Oxford UK
| | | | - Song Gao
- Spin-X Institute School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional Materials South China University of Technology Guangzhou China
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Science Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Materials and Devices College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing China
| | - Shang‐Da Jiang
- Spin-X Institute School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional Materials South China University of Technology Guangzhou China
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3
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Jiang SD, Zhou S, Yuan J, Wang ZY, Ling K, Fu PX, Fang YH, Wang YX, Liu Z, Porfyrakis K, Briggs GAD, Gao S. Implementation of Quantum Level Addressability and Geometric Phase Manipulation in Aligned Endohedral Fullerene Qudits. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202115263. [PMID: 34913233 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202115263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Endohedral nitrogen fullerenes have been proposed as building blocks for quantum information processing due to their long spin coherence time. However, addressability of the individual electron spin levels in such a multiplet system of 4S3/2 has never been achieved because of the molecular isotropy and transition degeneracy among the Zeeman levels. Herein, by molecular engineering, we lifted the degeneracy by zero-field splitting effects and made the multiple transitions addressable by a liquid-crystal-assisted method. The endohedral nitrogen fullerene derivatives with rigid addends of spiro structure and large aspect ratios of regioselective bis-addition improve the ordering of the spin ensemble. These samples empower endohedral-fullerene-based qudits, in which the transitions between the 4 electron spin levels were respectively addressed and coherently manipulated. The quantum geometric phase manipulation, which has long been proposed for the advantages in error tolerance and gating speed, was implemented in a pure electron spin system using molecules for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Da Jiang
- South China University of Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wushan Road 381, 510641, Guangzhou, CHINA
| | - Shen Zhou
- South China University of Technology, Spin-X Institute, CHINA
| | - Jiayue Yuan
- National University of Defense Technology, College of Aerospace Science and Engineering, CHINA
| | - Zi-Yu Wang
- Peking University, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, CHINA
| | - Kun Ling
- South China University of Technology, Spin-X Institute, CHINA
| | - Peng-Xiang Fu
- Peking University, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, CHINA
| | - Yu-Hui Fang
- Peking University, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, CHINA
| | - Ye-Xin Wang
- South China University of Technology, Spin-X Institute, CHINA
| | - Zheng Liu
- South China University of Technology, Spin-X Institute, CHINA
| | | | - G Andrew D Briggs
- Oxford University: University of Oxford, Materials Department, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Song Gao
- South China University of Technology, Spin-X Institute, CHINA
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4
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Biskupek J, Skowron ST, Stoppiello CT, Rance GA, Alom S, Fung KLY, Whitby RJ, Levitt MH, Ramasse QM, Kaiser U, Besley E, Khlobystov AN. Bond Dissociation and Reactivity of HF and H 2O in a Nano Test Tube. ACS NANO 2020; 14:11178-11189. [PMID: 32816453 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c02661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Molecular motion and bond dissociation are two of the most fundamental phenomena underpinning the properties of molecular materials. We entrapped HF and H2O molecules within the fullerene C60 cage, encapsulated within a single-walled carbon nanotube (X@C60)@SWNT, where X = HF or H2O. (X@C60)@SWNT represents a class of molecular nanomaterial composed of a guest within a molecular host within a nanoscale host, enabling investigations of the interactions of isolated single di- or triatomic molecules with the electron beam. The use of the electron beam simultaneously as a stimulus of chemical reactions in molecules and as a sub-angstrom resolution imaging probe allows investigations of the molecular dynamics and reactivity in real time and at the atomic scale, which are probed directly by chromatic and spherical aberration-corrected high-resolution transmission electron microscopy imaging, or indirectly by vibrational electron energy loss spectroscopy in situ during scanning transmission electron microscopy experiments. Experimental measurements indicate that the electron beam triggers homolytic dissociation of the H-F or H-O bonds, respectively, causing the expulsion of the hydrogen atoms from the fullerene cage, leaving fluorine or oxygen behind. Because of a difference in the mechanisms of penetration through the carbon lattice available for F or O atoms, atomic fluorine inside the fullerene cage appears to be more stable than the atomic oxygen under the same conditions. The use of (X@C60)@SWNT, where each molecule X is "packaged" separately from each other, in combination with the electron microscopy methods and density functional theory modeling in this work, enable bond dynamics and reactivity of individual atoms to be probed directly at the single-molecule level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Biskupek
- Electron Microscopy of Materials Science, Central Facility for Electron Microscopy, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | - Stephen T Skowron
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Craig T Stoppiello
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Graham A Rance
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
- Nanoscale and Microscale Research Centre, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Shamim Alom
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Kayleigh L Y Fung
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Richard J Whitby
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Malcolm H Levitt
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Quentin M Ramasse
- SuperSTEM Laboratory, SciTech Daresbury Campus, Keckwick Lane, Daresbury, WA4 4AD, United Kingdom
| | - Ute Kaiser
- Electron Microscopy of Materials Science, Central Facility for Electron Microscopy, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | - Elena Besley
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Andrei N Khlobystov
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
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5
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Liu Z, Huang H, Wang YX, Dong BW, Sun BY, Jiang SD, Gao S. Amination of the Gd@C 82 endohedral fullerene: tunable substitution effect on quantum coherence behaviors. Chem Sci 2020; 11:10737-10743. [PMID: 34094326 PMCID: PMC8162292 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc02182b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The core-shell structure of endohedral fullerene-based anisotropic magnetic molecules of high spin with long coherence time could help scale up quantum systems. In this research, by amination of Gd@C82 with morpholine, three derivatives are functionalized with 5, 7 and 9 morpholine groups providing an interesting model to investigate the relationship between the quantum coherence and the spin environment. The original radical located on the carbon cage is successfully quenched, affording a quantum phase memory times (T M) over 5 μs at 5 K. By increasing the number of substitution groups, spin-lattice relaxation times (T 1) also show significant enhancement due to the interaction variation between the molecules and the environments. We found that the T M of the three molecules show no obvious difference below 10 K, while they are limited by T 1 at higher temperatures. In this work, the variable functional groups are able to tune both T 1 and T M, offering the possibility for application of high-spin magnetic molecules in the field of quantum information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Huan Huang
- CAS Key Lab for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Ye-Xin Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Bo-Wei Dong
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Bao-Yun Sun
- CAS Key Lab for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Shang-Da Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University Beijing 100871 China .,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Song Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University Beijing 100871 China .,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China.,Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences West Bld. #3, No. 10 Xibeiwang East Rd., Haidian District Beijing 100193 P. R. China
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6
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Cornes SP, Zhou S, Porfyrakis K. Synthesis and EPR studies of the first water-soluble N@C 60 derivative. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:12742-12745. [PMID: 29115325 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc07106j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The first water-soluble derivative of the paramagnetic endohedral fullerene N@C60 has been prepared through the covalent attachment of a single addend containing two permethylated β-cyclodextrin units to the surface of the carbon cage. The line width of the derivative's EPR signal is highly sensitive to both the nature of the solvent and the presence of Cu(ii) ions in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart P Cornes
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, 16 Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PH, UK.
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7
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Harneit W. Spin Quantum Computing with Endohedral Fullerenes. NANOSTRUCTURE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-47049-8_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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8
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Romero EL, Echegoyen L. Electron spin resonance spectroscopy of empty and endohedral fullerenes. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.3589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elkin L. Romero
- Department of Chemistry; University of Texas at El Paso; 79968 El Paso Texas USA
| | - Luis Echegoyen
- Department of Chemistry; University of Texas at El Paso; 79968 El Paso Texas USA
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Zhou S, Yamamoto M, Briggs GAD, Imahori H, Porfyrakis K. Probing the Dipolar Coupling in a Heterospin Endohedral Fullerene-Phthalocyanine Dyad. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:1313-9. [PMID: 26745202 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b11641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Paramagnetic endohedral fullerenes and phthalocyanine (Pc) complexes are promising building blocks for molecular quantum information processing, for which tunable dipolar coupling is required. We have linked these two spin qubit candidates together and characterized the resulting electron paramagnetic resonance properties, including the spin dipolar coupling between the fullerene spin and the copper spin. Having interpreted the distance-dependent coupling strength quantitatively and further discussed the antiferromagnetic aggregation effect of the CuPc moieties, we demonstrate two ways of tuning the dipolar coupling in such dyad systems: changing the spacer group and adjusting the solution concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Zhou
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford , Oxford OX1 3PH, U.K
| | - Masanori Yamamoto
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University , Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | | | - Hiroshi Imahori
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University , Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.,Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University , Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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