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Xia Q, Perera HA, Bolarinho R, Piskulich ZA, Guo Z, Yin J, He H, Li M, Ge X, Cui Q, Ramström O, Yan M, Cheng JX. Click-free imaging of carbohydrate trafficking in live cells using an azido photothermal probe. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadq0294. [PMID: 39167637 PMCID: PMC11338237 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adq0294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Real-time tracking of intracellular carbohydrates remains challenging. While click chemistry allows bio-orthogonal tagging with fluorescent probes, the reaction permanently alters the target molecule and only allows a single snapshot. Here, we demonstrate click-free mid-infrared photothermal (MIP) imaging of azide-tagged carbohydrates in live cells. Leveraging the micromolar detection sensitivity for 6-azido-trehalose (TreAz) and the 300-nm spatial resolution of MIP imaging, the trehalose recycling pathway in single mycobacteria, from cytoplasmic uptake to membrane localization, is directly visualized. A peak shift of azide in MIP spectrum further uncovers interactions between TreAz and intracellular protein. MIP mapping of unreacted azide after click reaction reveals click chemistry heterogeneity within a bacterium. Broader applications of azido photothermal probes to visualize the initial steps of the Leloir pathway in yeasts and the newly synthesized glycans in mammalian cells are demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Xia
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Harini A. Perera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
| | - Rylie Bolarinho
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | | | - Zhongyue Guo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jiaze Yin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Hongjian He
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Mingsheng Li
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Xiaowei Ge
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Qiang Cui
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Olof Ramström
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Linnaeus University, SE-39182 Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Mingdi Yan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
| | - Ji-Xin Cheng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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2
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Teng X, Li M, He H, Jia D, Yin J, Bolarinho R, Cheng JX. Mid-infrared Photothermal Imaging: Instrument and Life Science Applications. Anal Chem 2024; 96:7895-7906. [PMID: 38702858 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c02017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyan Teng
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Mingsheng Li
- Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Hongjian He
- Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Danchen Jia
- Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Jiaze Yin
- Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Rylie Bolarinho
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Ji-Xin Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
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3
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Xia Q, Perera HA, Bolarinho R, Piskulich ZA, Guo Z, Yin J, He H, Li M, Ge X, Cui Q, Ramström O, Yan M, Cheng JX. Click-free imaging of carbohydrate trafficking in live cells using an azido photothermal probe. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.08.584185. [PMID: 38559219 PMCID: PMC10979903 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.08.584185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Real-time tracking of intracellular carbohydrates remains challenging. While click chemistry allows bio-orthogonal tagging with fluorescent probes, the reaction permanently alters the target molecule and only allows a single snapshot. Here, we demonstrate click-free mid-infrared photothermal (MIP) imaging of azide-tagged carbohydrates in live cells. Leveraging the micromolar detection sensitivity for 6-azido-trehalose (TreAz) and the 300-nm spatial resolution of MIP imaging, the trehalose recycling pathway in single mycobacteria, from cytoplasmic uptake to membrane localization, is directly visualized. A peak shift of azide in MIP spectrum further uncovers interactions between TreAz and intracellular protein. MIP mapping of unreacted azide after click reaction reveals click chemistry heterogeneity within a bacterium. Broader applications of azido photothermal probes to visualize the initial steps of the Leloir pathway in yeasts and the newly synthesized glycans in mammalian cells are demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Xia
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Harini A. Perera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
| | - Rylie Bolarinho
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Zeke A. Piskulich
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Zhongyue Guo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Jiaze Yin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Hongjian He
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Mingsheng Li
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Xiaowei Ge
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Qiang Cui
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Olof Ramström
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Linnaeus University, SE-39182 Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Mingdi Yan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
| | - Ji-Xin Cheng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
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4
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He H, Yin J, Li M, Dessai CVP, Yi M, Teng X, Zhang M, Li Y, Du Z, Xu B, Cheng JX. Mapping enzyme activity in living systems by real-time mid-infrared photothermal imaging of nitrile chameleons. Nat Methods 2024; 21:342-352. [PMID: 38191931 PMCID: PMC11165695 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-023-02137-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Simultaneous spatial mapping of the activity of multiple enzymes in a living system can elucidate their functions in health and disease. However, methods based on monitoring fluorescent substrates are limited. Here, we report the development of nitrile (C≡N)-tagged enzyme activity reporters, named nitrile chameleons, for the peak shift between substrate and product. To image these reporters in real time, we developed a laser-scanning mid-infrared photothermal imaging system capable of imaging the enzymatic substrates and products at a resolution of 300 nm. We show that when combined, these tools can map the activity distribution of different enzymes and measure their relative catalytic efficiency in living systems such as cancer cells, Caenorhabditis elegans, and brain tissues, and can be used to directly visualize caspase-phosphatase interactions during apoptosis. Our method is generally applicable to a broad category of enzymes and will enable new analyses of enzymes in their native context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjian He
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jiaze Yin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mingsheng Li
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chinmayee Vallabh Prabhu Dessai
- Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Meihui Yi
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - Xinyan Teng
- Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Meng Zhang
- Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yueming Li
- Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zhiyi Du
- Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bing Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - Ji-Xin Cheng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
- Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
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5
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Bhargava R. Digital Histopathology by Infrared Spectroscopic Imaging. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2023; 16:205-230. [PMID: 37068745 PMCID: PMC10408309 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-101422-090956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Infrared (IR) spectroscopic imaging records spatially resolved molecular vibrational spectra, enabling a comprehensive measurement of the chemical makeup and heterogeneity of biological tissues. Combining this novel contrast mechanism in microscopy with the use of artificial intelligence can transform the practice of histopathology, which currently relies largely on human examination of morphologic patterns within stained tissue. First, this review summarizes IR imaging instrumentation especially suited to histopathology, analyses of its performance, and major trends. Second, an overview of data processing methods and application of machine learning is given, with an emphasis on the emerging use of deep learning. Third, a discussion on workflows in pathology is provided, with four categories proposed based on the complexity of methods and the analytical performance needed. Last, a set of guidelines, termed experimental and analytical specifications for spectroscopic imaging in histopathology, are proposed to help standardize the diversity of approaches in this emerging area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Bhargava
- Department of Bioengineering; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering; Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Department of Chemistry; Cancer Center at Illinois; and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA;
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High-sensitivity hyperspectral vibrational imaging of heart tissues by mid-infrared photothermal microscopy. ANAL SCI 2022; 38:1497-1503. [PMID: 36070070 DOI: 10.1007/s44211-022-00182-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Visualizing the spatial distribution of chemical compositions in biological tissues is of great importance to study fundamental biological processes and origin of diseases. Raman microscopy, one of the label-free vibrational imaging techniques, has been employed for chemical characterization of tissues. However, the low sensitivity of Raman spectroscopy often requires a long acquisition time of Raman measurement or a high laser power, or both, which prevents one from investigating large-area tissues in a nondestructive manner. In this work, we demonstrated chemical imaging of heart tissues using mid-infrared photothermal (MIP) microscopy that simultaneously achieves the high sensitivity benefited from IR absorption of molecules and the high spatial resolution down to a few micrometers. We successfully visualized the distributions of different biomolecules, including proteins, phosphate-including proteins, and lipids/carbohydrates/amino acids. Further, we experimentally compared MIP microscopy with Raman microscopy to evaluate the sensitivity and photodamage to tissues. We proved that MIP microscopy is a highly sensitive technique for obtaining vibrational information of molecules in a broad fingerprint region, thereby it could be employed for biological and diagnostic applications, such as live-tissue imaging.
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7
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Detection of benzalkonium chloride on glass surfaces using silver nanoparticles. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.12441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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