1
|
Pyszka I, Jędrzejewska B. Highly Efficient Photoinitiation Systems Based on Dibenzo[a,c]phenazine Sensitivity to Visible Light for Dentistry. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:2597. [PMID: 38893862 PMCID: PMC11173425 DOI: 10.3390/ma17112597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
In this work, photoinitiation systems based on dibenzo[a,c]phenazine sensitivity to visible light were designed for their potential application in dentistry. Modification of the structure of dibenzo[a,c]phenazine consisted of introducing electron-donating and electron-withdrawing substituents and heavy atoms into position 11. The synthesized compounds are able to absorb radiation emitted by dental lamps during photoinitiation of the polymerization process. In the presence of acrylates, dibenzo[a,c]phenazines show excellent photoinitiating abilities in systems containing an electron donor or a hydrogen-atom donor as a second component. The developed systems initiate the polymerization process comparable to a commercial photoinitiator, i.e., camphorquinone. Moreover, the performed studies showed a significant shortening of the polymerization time and a reduction in the amount of light absorber. This indicates that polymeric materials are obtained at a similar rate despite a significant reduction in the concentration of the newly developed two-component photoinitiating systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Pyszka
- Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, ul. Seminaryjna 3, 85-326 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Beata Jędrzejewska
- Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, ul. Seminaryjna 3, 85-326 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pyszka I, Jędrzejewska B. Design of Dyes Based on the Quinoline or Quinoxaline Skeleton towards Visible Light Photoinitiators. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4289. [PMID: 38673872 PMCID: PMC11050332 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Dyes based on quinoline and quinoxaline skeletons were designed for application as visible light photoinitiators. The obtained compounds absorb electromagnetic radiation on the border between ultraviolet and visible light, which allows the use of dental lamps as light sources during the initiation of the photopolymerization reaction. Their another desirable feature is the ability to create a long-lived excited state, which enables the chain reaction to proceed through the mechanism of intermolecular electron transfer. In two-component photoinitiating systems, in the presence of an electron donor or a hydrogen atom donor, the synthesized compounds show excellent abilities to photoinitiate the polymerization of acrylates. In control tests, the efficiency of photopolymerization using modified quinoline and quinoxaline derivatives is comparable to that obtained using a typical, commercial photoinitiator for dentistry, camphorquinone. Moreover, the use of the tested compounds requires a small amount of photoinitiator (only 0.04% by weight) to initiate the reaction. The research also showed a significant acceleration of the photopolymerization process and shortening of the reaction time. In practice, this means that the new two-component initiating systems can be used in much lower concentrations without slowing down the speed of obtaining polymer materials. It is worth emphasizing that these two features of the new initiating system allow for cost reduction by reducing financial outlays on both materials (photoinitiators) and electricity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Pyszka
- Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Ul. Seminaryjna 3, 85-326 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
McLean EB, Mooney DT, Burns DJ, Lee AL. Direct Hydrodecarboxylation of Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids: Metal- and Light-Free. Org Lett 2022; 24:686-691. [PMID: 34995469 PMCID: PMC9007563 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c04079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
A mild
and inexpensive method for direct hydrodecarboxylation of
aliphatic carboxylic acids has been developed. The reaction does not
require metals, light, or catalysts, rendering the protocol operationally
simple, easy to scale, and more sustainable. Crucially, no additional
H atom source is required in most cases, while a broad substrate scope
and functional group tolerance are observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Euan B McLean
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - David T Mooney
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - David J Burns
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY, United Kingdom
| | - Ai-Lan Lee
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Scotland, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zeng Z, Feceu A, Sivendran N, Gooßen LJ. Decarboxylation‐Initiated Intermolecular Carbon‐Heteroatom Bond Formation. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202100211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyi Zeng
- Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie Ruhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Abigail Feceu
- Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie Ruhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Nardana Sivendran
- Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie Ruhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Lukas J. Gooßen
- Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie Ruhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lang SB, O'Nele KM, Douglas JT, Tunge JA. Dual Catalytic Decarboxylative Allylations of α-Amino Acids and Their Divergent Mechanisms. Chemistry 2015; 21:18589-93. [PMID: 26526115 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201503644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The room temperature radical decarboxylative allylation of N-protected α-amino acids and esters has been accomplished via a combination of palladium and photoredox catalysis to provide homoallylic amines. Mechanistic investigations revealed that the stability of the α-amino radical, which is formed by decarboxylation, dictates the predominant reaction pathway between competing mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon B Lang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Kansas, 2010 Malott Hall, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Lawrence KS 66045 (USA)
| | - Kathryn M O'Nele
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Kansas, 2010 Malott Hall, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Lawrence KS 66045 (USA)
| | - Justin T Douglas
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Kansas, 2010 Malott Hall, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Lawrence KS 66045 (USA)
| | - Jon A Tunge
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Kansas, 2010 Malott Hall, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Lawrence KS 66045 (USA).
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Griffin JD, Zeller MA, Nicewicz DA. Hydrodecarboxylation of Carboxylic and Malonic Acid Derivatives via Organic Photoredox Catalysis: Substrate Scope and Mechanistic Insight. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:11340-8. [PMID: 26291730 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b07770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A direct, catalytic hydrodecarboxylation of primary, secondary, and tertiary carboxylic acids is reported. The catalytic system consists of a Fukuzumi acridinium photooxidant with phenyldisulfide acting as a redox-active cocatalyst. Substoichiometric quantities of Hünig's base are used to reveal the carboxylate. Use of trifluoroethanol as a solvent allowed for significant improvements in substrate compatibilities, as the method reported is not limited to carboxylic acids bearing α heteroatoms or phenyl substitution. This method has been applied to the direct double decarboxylation of malonic acid derivatives, which allows for the convenient use of dimethyl malonate as a methylene synthon. Kinetic analysis of the reaction is presented showing a lack of a kinetic isotope effect when generating deuterothiophenol in situ as a hydrogen atom donor. Further kinetic analysis demonstrated first-order kinetics with respect to the carboxylate, while the reaction is zero-order in acridinium catalyst, consistent with another finding suggesting the reaction is light limiting and carboxylate oxidation is likely turnover limiting. Stern-Volmer analysis was carried out in order to determine the efficiency for the carboxylates to quench the acridinium excited state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy D Griffin
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Mary A Zeller
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - David A Nicewicz
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lang SB, O'Nele KM, Tunge JA. Decarboxylative allylation of amino alkanoic acids and esters via dual catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:13606-9. [PMID: 25228064 PMCID: PMC4183636 DOI: 10.1021/ja508317j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
![]()
A combination of
photoredox and palladium catalysis has been employed
to facilitate the room temperature decarboxylative allylation of recalcitrant
α-amino and phenylacetic allyl esters. This operationally simple
process produces CO2 as the only byproduct and provides
direct access to allylated alkanes. After photochemical oxidation,
the carboxylate undergoes radical decarboxylation to site-specifically
generate radical intermediates which undergo allylation. A radical
dual catalysis mechanism is proposed. Free phenylacetic acids were
also allylated utilizing similar reactions conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon B Lang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Kansas , 2010 Malott Hall, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Manley DW, Mills A, O'Rourke C, Slawin AMZ, Walton JC. Catalyst-free photoredox addition-cyclisations: exploitation of natural synergy between aryl acetic acids and maleimide. Chemistry 2014; 20:5492-500. [PMID: 24652772 PMCID: PMC4506563 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201304929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Suitably functionalised carboxylic acids undergo a previously unknown photoredox reaction when irradiated with UVA in the presence of maleimide. Maleimide was found to synergistically act as a radical generating photoxidant and as a radical acceptor, negating the need for an extrinsic photoredox catalyst. Modest to excellent yields of the product chromenopyrroledione, thiochromenopyrroledione and pyrroloquinolinedione derivatives were obtained in thirteen preparative photolyses. In situ NMR spectroscopy was used to study each reaction. Reactant decay and product build-up were monitored, enabling reaction profiles to be plotted. A plausible mechanism, whereby photo-excited maleimide acts as an oxidant to generate a radical ion pair, has been postulated and is supported by UV/Vis. spectroscopy and DFT computations. The radical-cation reactive intermediates were also characterised in solution by EPR spectroscopy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David W Manley
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St. AndrewsPurdie Building, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST (UK) E-mail:
| | - Andrew Mills
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University BelfastStranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AG (UK)
| | - Christopher O'Rourke
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University BelfastStranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AG (UK)
| | - Alexandra M Z Slawin
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St. AndrewsPurdie Building, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST (UK) E-mail:
| | - John C Walton
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St. AndrewsPurdie Building, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST (UK) E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lee KAB, McLennan G, Gordon JG. Surface-enhanced raman scattering from ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/bbpc.19870910413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
10
|
Griesser M, Rosspeintner A, Dworak C, Höfer M, Grabner G, Liska R, Gescheidt G. Initiators Based on Benzaldoximes: Bimolecular and Covalently Bound Systems. Macromolecules 2012; 45:8648-8657. [PMID: 23378672 PMCID: PMC3558022 DOI: 10.1021/ma301959n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2012] [Revised: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Typical bimolecular photoinitiators (PIs) for radical polymerization of acrylates show only poor photoreactivity because of the undesired effect of back electron transfer. To overcome this limitation, PIs consisting of a benzaldoxime ester and various sensitizers based on aromatic ketones were introduced. The core of the photoinduced reactivity was established by laser flash photolysis, photo-CIDNP, and EPR experiments at short time scales. According to these results, the primarily formed iminyl radicals are not particularly active. The polymerization is predominantly initiated by C-centered radicals. Photo-DSC experiments show reactivities comparable to that of classical monomolecular type I PIs like Darocur 1173.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Griesser
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical
Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Arnulf Rosspeintner
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical
Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Claudia Dworak
- Institute of Applied Synthetic
Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/163/MC, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Höfer
- Institute of Applied Synthetic
Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/163/MC, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gottfried Grabner
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University
of Vienna, Campus-Vienna-Biocenter 5, 1030
Vienna, Austria
| | - Robert Liska
- Institute of Applied Synthetic
Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/163/MC, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg Gescheidt
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical
Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Dworak C, Liska R. Alternative initiators for bimolecular photoinitiating systems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.24396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
12
|
Gallagher S, Hatoum F, Zientek N, Oelgemöller M. Photodecarboxylative additions of N-protected α-amino acids to N-methylphthalimide. Tetrahedron Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2010.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
13
|
|
14
|
Papageorgiou G, Ogden D, Corrie JET. An antenna-sensitised 1-acyl-7-nitroindoline that has good solubility properties in the presence of calcium ions and is suitable for use as a caged l-glutamate in neuroscience. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2008; 7:423-32. [DOI: 10.1039/b800683k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
15
|
Yoshimi Y, Itou T, Hatanaka M. Decarboxylative reduction of free aliphatic carboxylic acids by photogenerated cation radical. Chem Commun (Camb) 2007:5244-6. [DOI: 10.1039/b714526h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
16
|
|
17
|
Reinvestigation of the Mechanism of the Free Radical Polymerization Photoinitiation Process by Camphorquinone-Coinitiator Systems: New Results. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.200400218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
18
|
Wrzyszczyñski A, Pietrzak M, Pa̧czkowski J. A Novel Approach to the Preparation of Dissociative Electron Transfer Photoinitiators for Free Radical Polymerization. Macromolecules 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/ma021679p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Wrzyszczyñski
- University of Technology and Agriculture, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Seminaryjna 3, 85-326 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Marek Pietrzak
- University of Technology and Agriculture, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Seminaryjna 3, 85-326 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Jerzy Pa̧czkowski
- University of Technology and Agriculture, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Seminaryjna 3, 85-326 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ikeda S, Murata S. Photolysis of N-phenylglycines sensitized by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s1010-6030(01)00646-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
20
|
Griesbeck A, Oelgemöller M, Lex J, Haeuseler A, Schmittel M. Synthesis of Sulfur-Containing Tricyclic Ring Systems by Means of Photoinduced Decarboxylative Cyclizations. European J Org Chem 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/1099-0690(200105)2001:10<1831::aid-ejoc1831>3.0.co;2-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
21
|
Arsu N, Aydin M. The effect of a cationic salt on the photoinitiated polymerization of methyl methacrylate. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s1010-6030(99)00118-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
22
|
|
23
|
|
24
|
Horaguchi T, Tsukada C, Hasegawa E, Shimizu T, Suzuki T, Tanemura K. Photocyclization reactions. Part 1. Synthesis of dihydrobenzofuranols using photocyclization of 2-alkoxybenzaldehydes, 2′-alkoxyacetophenones, 2-formylphenoxyacetic acids and 2-acetylphenoxyacetic acids. J Heterocycl Chem 1991. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570280518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
25
|
Moore DE, Chappuis PP. A comparative study of the photochemistry of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, naproxen, benoxaprofen and indomethacin. Photochem Photobiol 1988; 47:173-80. [PMID: 3344286 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1988.tb02710.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
26
|
|