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Hirsch F, Flock M, Fischer I, Bakels S, Rijs AM. The Gas-Phase Infrared Spectra of Xylyl Radicals. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:9573-9578. [PMID: 31593463 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b09153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The three isomers of the xylyl radical, C8H9, are possible intermediates in the formation of soot and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). Their infrared spectra have been recorded by IR/UV ion dip spectroscopy using free electron laser radiation. The radicals were generated by flash pyrolysis from the corresponding nitrites and resonantly ionized via the D3 ← D0 transition around 310 nm. Mid-infrared spectra of the three xylyl isomers were recorded between 550 and 1700 cm-1 and are in excellent agreement with computations, provided that overtones and combination bands are included in the simulation. The results show that the three xylyl isomers can be distinguished by their infrared spectra and that no isomerization occurs in the pyrolysis reactor. The IR spectra obtained at m/z = 208 indicate that dimerization of xylyl radicals leads to substituted stilbenes, which has not been observed for benzyl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Hirsch
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry , University of Wuerzburg , Am Hubland Süd, 97074 Würzburg , Germany
| | - Marco Flock
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry , University of Wuerzburg , Am Hubland Süd, 97074 Würzburg , Germany
| | - Ingo Fischer
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry , University of Wuerzburg , Am Hubland Süd, 97074 Würzburg , Germany
| | - Sjors Bakels
- Radboud University , Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory , Toernooiveld 7-c , 6525 Nijmegen , the Netherlands
| | - Anouk M Rijs
- Radboud University , Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory , Toernooiveld 7-c , 6525 Nijmegen , the Netherlands
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Röder A, Humeniuk A, Giegerich J, Fischer I, Poisson L, Mitrić R. Femtosecond time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy of the benzyl radical. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:12365-12374. [PMID: 28453017 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp01437f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We present a joint experimental and computational study of the nonradiative deactivation of the benzyl radical, C7H7, after UV excitation. Femtosecond time-resolved photoelectron imaging was applied to investigate the photodynamics of the radical. The experiments were accompanied by excited state dynamics simulations using surface hopping. Benzyl has been excited at 265 nm into the D-band (ππ*) and the dynamics was probed using probe wavelengths of 398 nm or 798 nm. At a probe wavelength of 398 nm a single time constant of around 70-80 fs was observed. When the dynamics was probed at 798 nm, a second time constant τ2 = 1.5 ps was visible, which can be attributed to further non-radiative deactivation to the lower-lying D1/D2 states.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Röder
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany.
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Margraf M, Noller B, Schröter C, Schultz T, Fischer I. Time- and frequency-resolved photoionization of the C A22 state of the benzyl radical, C7H7. J Chem Phys 2010; 133:074304. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3469787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudina Cossart-Magos
- a Laboratoire de Photophysique Moléculaire du C.N.R.S., Bâtiment 213 , Université de Paris-Sud , 91405 , Orsay , France
| | - Daniel Cossart
- a Laboratoire de Photophysique Moléculaire du C.N.R.S., Bâtiment 213 , Université de Paris-Sud , 91405 , Orsay , France
| | - Sydney Leach
- a Laboratoire de Photophysique Moléculaire du C.N.R.S., Bâtiment 213 , Université de Paris-Sud , 91405 , Orsay , France
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Cossart-Magos C, Cossart D. Rotational band contours of the first electronic transition origin bands of p-xylyl and p-fluorobenzyl. Mol Phys 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/00268978800101291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudina Cossart-Magos
- a Laboratoire de Photophysique Moléculaire du C.N.R.S., Bâtiment 213 , Université de Paris-Sud , 91405 , Orsay cedex , FranceLaboratoire associé à la l'Université de Paris-Sud
| | - Daniel Cossart
- a Laboratoire de Photophysique Moléculaire du C.N.R.S., Bâtiment 213 , Université de Paris-Sud , 91405 , Orsay cedex , FranceLaboratoire associé à la l'Université de Paris-Sud
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Uejoh K. Fluorescence spectrum of the benzyl radical in methylcyclohexane at 4.2 K. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2004; 60:595-602. [PMID: 14747084 DOI: 10.1016/s1386-1425(03)00267-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The fluorescence spectrum of the benzyl radical (BR) is characterized by participation of many totally symmetric vibrational modes with less intensity activeness. To make this point more clear, the fluorescence spectra of the benzyl radical and its deuterated compounds in methylcyclohexane (MCH) have been observed at 4.2 K and detailed vibrational analysis has been carried out. Two non-totally symmetric modes such as nu6b and nu8b play a role of Herzberg-Teller type vibronic coupling together with one totally symmetric mode nu6a. There are only a few progression bands with very weak intensity. These are nu12, nu1 and nu(phi-CH2) vibrational modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Uejoh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan.
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Abstract
[Figure: see text] ▪ Abstract A narrative account of the ingredients in the making of a young scientist, his wartime science in England, and subsequent career in France, where, starting in molecular electronic spectroscopy, he has grown older and has expanded his horizons to address problems of astrophysical, nonlinear optical, and biological interest, using, with the aid of many good scientists, a variety of techniques, mainly of optical and mass spectroscopies and with synchrotron radiation as an important excitation source. He has plans to continue….
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Affiliation(s)
- S Leach
- Département Atomes et Molécules en Astrophysique, CNRS-URA 812, Observatoire de Paris-Meudon, 5 Place Jules-Janssen, 92195-Meudon, France.
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Jacox ME. The vibrational energy levels of small transient molecules isolated in neon and argon matrices. Chem Phys 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0301-0104(94)00143-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Langkilde FW, Bajdor K, Wilbrandt R, Negri F, Zerbetto F, Orlandi G. Resonance Raman spectra and quantum chemical vibrational analysis of the C7H7⋅ and C7D7⋅ benzyl radicals. J Chem Phys 1994. [DOI: 10.1063/1.466392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Haider KW, Platz MS. The double photodissociation of a geminal dichloride: Evidence for the stepwise formation of a diaryl carbene. J PHYS ORG CHEM 1989. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.610020805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Shibuya K, Nemoto M, Yanagibori A, Fukushima M, Obi K. Spectroscopy and kinetics of thiophenoxy radicals in the gas phase. Chem Phys 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/0301-0104(88)90030-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Site-selected fluorescence and fluorescence-excitation spectra of o-durylene-h12 and -d12 in n-hexane at 5–10 K. Chem Phys Lett 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/0009-2614(84)85491-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Cofino W, Hoornweg G, Gooijer C, Maclean C, Velthorst N. Highly resolved optical spectra of o-durylene. Chem Phys 1982. [DOI: 10.1016/0301-0104(82)87067-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Rearrangements of the Benzene Ring. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1980. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-481303-8.50012-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Grajcar L, Baudet J. Fluorescence à 77 K, rotation interne et structure electronique du styréne. J Mol Struct 1977. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-2860(77)87084-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Cossart‐Magos C, Leach S. Two‐mode vibronic interaction between neighboring 1 2A2 and 2 2B2 excited electronic states of the benzyl radical. J Chem Phys 1976. [DOI: 10.1063/1.432034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Claudina Cossart‐Magos
- Laboratoire de Photophysique Moléculaire du C.N.R.S., Bâtiment 213, Université Paris‐Sud, 91405‐Orsay, France
| | - Sydney Leach
- Laboratoire de Photophysique Moléculaire du C.N.R.S., Bâtiment 213, Université Paris‐Sud, 91405‐Orsay, France
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Kotorlenko LA, Samoilenko SA. Differences in IR spectra due to unpaired electron, in the example of 2,4,6-tri-tert-butylphenoxyl radical and related molecules. THEOR EXP CHEM+ 1976. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00526671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Richardson JH, Stephenson LM, Brauman JI. Photodetachment of electrons from large molecular systems: Benzyl anion. An upper limit to the electron affinity of C6H5CH2. J Chem Phys 1975. [DOI: 10.1063/1.431099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Friedrich D, Albrecht A. The visible excitation spectra of benzyl, benzyl-d7 and p-methylbenzyl in rigid solution at 77 K. Chem Phys 1974. [DOI: 10.1016/0301-0104(74)85021-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Laposa J, Morrison V. Fluorescence lifetimes of benzyl and deuterium-substituted benzyl radicals. Chem Phys Lett 1974. [DOI: 10.1016/0009-2614(74)80070-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Lloyd RV, Wood DE. Free radicals in an adamantane matrix. IX. Optical excitation and emission spectra of benzyl radical and its monofluorinated derivatives. J Chem Phys 1974. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1681428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Calculation and interpretation of the vibration spectrum of the benzyl radical. THEOR EXP CHEM+ 1974. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00525788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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The effect of methyl substitution on the electronic structure and spectra of benzyl-type radicals. Chem Phys 1973. [DOI: 10.1016/0301-0104(73)80065-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Cossart‐Magos C, Leach S. Determination of the Symmetry of the First Excited Electronic State of Benzyl by Rotational Contour Analysis of Vibronic Bands of the Emission Spectra of C6H5CH2, C6H5CD2, and C6D5CD2. J Chem Phys 1972. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1677403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Brocklehurst B, Robinson J, Tawn D. The fluorescence spectrum of the α-styryl radical, C6H5··CH2. Chem Phys Lett 1972. [DOI: 10.1016/0009-2614(72)80019-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Favaro G. Energy levels of doublet-doublet transitions for some diphenylmethyl radicals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1970. [DOI: 10.1016/0584-8539(70)80184-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Ward B. Absorption spectra of aromatic free radicals: a vibrational analysis of the 3050 Å absorption spectrum of benzyl and a new transition of phenoxyl. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1968. [DOI: 10.1016/0584-8539(68)80179-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Forel MT, Fouassier M. Etude par spectroscopie infrarouge de la conformation du groupement CH3 dans les carbures aromatiques méthyles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1968. [DOI: 10.1016/0584-8539(68)80045-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Johnson PM, Albrecht AC. Assignment of Excited Electronic States of the Benzyl Radical by the Method of Three‐Step Photoselection. J Chem Phys 1968. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1668724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Spectre de fluorescence du radical benzyle piégé à basse température dans quelques matrices cristallines: Méthylcyclohexane, cyclo-pentane et méthylcyclopentane. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1967. [DOI: 10.1016/0584-8539(67)80025-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Leach S, migirdicyan E. On the electronic spectra of the duryl radical and the origin of the green emission of durene. Chem Phys Lett 1967. [DOI: 10.1016/0009-2614(79)80005-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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