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Choi H, McShane PJ, Aliberti S, Chalmers JD. Bronchiectasis management in adults: state of the art and future directions. Eur Respir J 2024; 63:2400518. [PMID: 38782469 PMCID: PMC11211698 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00518-2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Formerly regarded as a rare disease, bronchiectasis is increasingly recognised. A renewed interest in this disease has led to significant progress in bronchiectasis research. Randomised clinical trials (RCTs) have demonstrated the benefits of airway clearance techniques, inhaled antibiotics and long-term macrolide therapy in bronchiectasis patients. However, the heterogeneity of bronchiectasis remains one of the most challenging aspects of management. Phenotypes and endotypes of bronchiectasis have been identified to help find "treatable traits" and partially overcome disease complexity. The goals of therapy for bronchiectasis are to reduce the symptom burden, improve quality of life, reduce exacerbations and prevent disease progression. We review the pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments that can improve mucociliary clearance, reduce airway inflammation and tackle airway infection, the key pathophysiological features of bronchiectasis. There are also promising treatments in development for the management of bronchiectasis, including novel anti-inflammatory therapies. This review provides a critical update on the management of bronchiectasis focusing on treatable traits and recent RCTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayoung Choi
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Pamela J McShane
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX, USA
| | - Stefano Aliberti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
- Respiratory Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - James D Chalmers
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK
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Jankovic J, Jandric A, Djurdjevic N, Vukosavljevic D, Bojic Z, Zecevic A, Stjepanovic M. Phenotype and Clinicoradiological Differences in Multifocal and Focal Bronchiectasis. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:795. [PMID: 38792978 PMCID: PMC11122736 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60050795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Introduction: Bronchiectasis is a chronic progressive respiratory disease characterized by permanent dilatation of the bronchi. It is a complex condition with numerous different etiologies, co-morbidities, and a heterogeneous presentation. As we know, there is a lack of studies that describe the differences and compare the characteristics between focal and multifocal bronchiectasis. The aim of this study is to identify differences in clinical characteristics presentation, severity or distribution in focal and multifocal bronchiectasis, and prognostic implications. Methods: 126 patients with computed tomography (CT)-verified bronchiectasis were enrolled. Baseline characteristics that included age, sex, smoking history, and respiratory symptoms were recorded, with special attention paid to hemoptysis appearance, body mass index, and comorbidities. The type of bronchiectasis determined by CT scan and the modified Reiff scores indicating radiological severity were recorded. Patients were divided in two groups (I is focal and II is multifocal). Results: There were no statistically significant differences in age, smoking status, comorbidity, and BMI between the two groups. Multifocality was associated with a significantly higher proportion of females (p = 0.014), the rate of hemoptysis (p = 0.023), and the number of hospitalizations, but not of exacerbations and prevalence of immunodeficiency (p = 0.049). Significantly, a high number of subjects with multifocality had bronchiectasis of moderate severity, and post-infective and asthma-associated phenotypes were the dominant in this group. Unexpectedly, the cystic and varicose radiological phenotype (which need more time to develop) were more dominant in the focal group. The cylindrical phenotype was equally observed in the multifocal and focal groups. Conclusions: Our study suggests that multifocality is not related to age, number of exacerbations, or radiological phenotype, but it seems to be associated with the clinical post-infective phenotype, immunodeficiency, frequent hospitalizations, and severity. Thus, the presence of multifocal bronchiectasis may act as a biomarker of severity and poor outcomes in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Jankovic
- Clinic for Pulmonology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (J.J.); (A.J.); (N.D.); (D.V.); (Z.B.); (A.Z.)
- Medical Faculty, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Jandric
- Clinic for Pulmonology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (J.J.); (A.J.); (N.D.); (D.V.); (Z.B.); (A.Z.)
| | - Natasa Djurdjevic
- Clinic for Pulmonology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (J.J.); (A.J.); (N.D.); (D.V.); (Z.B.); (A.Z.)
- Medical Faculty, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragan Vukosavljevic
- Clinic for Pulmonology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (J.J.); (A.J.); (N.D.); (D.V.); (Z.B.); (A.Z.)
| | - Zlatan Bojic
- Clinic for Pulmonology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (J.J.); (A.J.); (N.D.); (D.V.); (Z.B.); (A.Z.)
| | - Andrej Zecevic
- Clinic for Pulmonology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (J.J.); (A.J.); (N.D.); (D.V.); (Z.B.); (A.Z.)
| | - Mihailo Stjepanovic
- Clinic for Pulmonology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (J.J.); (A.J.); (N.D.); (D.V.); (Z.B.); (A.Z.)
- Medical Faculty, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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Barbosa M, Chalmers JD. Bronchiectasis. Presse Med 2023; 52:104174. [PMID: 37778637 DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2023.104174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Bronchiectasis is a final common pathway of a wide variety of underlying conditions including infectious, autoimmune, allergic, genetic and inflammatory conditions. Patients experience a chronic disease with variable clinical symptoms and course, but most experience cough, sputum production and recurrent exacerbations. Symptoms of bronchiectasis lead to poor quality of life and exacerbations are the major driver of morbidity and mortality. Patients are often chronically infected with bacteria with the most common being Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Haemophilus influenzae. Treatment of bronchiectasis includes standardised testing to identify the underlying cause with targeted treatment if immune deficiency, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis or non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection, for example, are identified. Airway clearance is the mainstay of therapy for patients with symptoms of cough and sputum production. Frequently exacerbating patients may benefit from long term antibiotic or mucoactive therapies. Bronchiectasis is a heterogeneous disease and increasingly precision medicine approaches are advocated to target treatments most appropriately and to limit the emergence of antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Barbosa
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - James D Chalmers
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK.
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Choi H, Lee H, Ra SW, Jang JG, Lee JH, Jhun BW, Park HY, Jung JY, Lee SJ, Jo KW, Rhee CK, Kim C, Lee SW, Min KH, Kwon YS, Kim DK, Lee JH, Park YB, Chung EH, Kim YJ, Yoo KH, Oh YM. Developing a diagnostic bundle for bronchiectasis in South Korea: A modified Delphi Consensus Study. Tuberc Respir Dis (Seoul) 2021; 85:56-66. [PMID: 34775738 PMCID: PMC8743636 DOI: 10.4046/trd.2021.0136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A diagnostic bundle for bronchiectasis in South Korea is necessary because the etiologies of bronchiectasis and related diseases vary significantly among different regions and ethnicities. Methods A modified Delphi method was used to develop expert consensus statements on a diagnostic bundle for bronchiectasis in South Korea. Initial statements proposed by a core panel, based on international bronchiectasis guidelines, were discussed over one online meeting and two email surveys by a panel of experts (≥70% agreement). Results Twenty-one experts participated in the study, and 30 statements on a diagnostic bundle for bronchiectasis were classified as recommended, conditional, or not recommended. The expert panel agreed that 1) a standardized diagnostic bundle is useful in clinical practice, 2) diagnostic tests for specific diseases, including immunodeficiency and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, are necessary when clinically suspected, 3) initial diagnostic tests, including sputum microbiology and spirometry, are essential in all bronchiectasis patients, and 4) patients should be referred to specialized centers when rare causes such as primary ciliary dyskinesia are suspected. Conclusion In this Delphi survey, expert consensus statements were generated on which specific diagnostic, laboratory, microbiologic, and pulmonary function tests to obtain when managing patients with bronchiectasis in South Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayoung Choi
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun Lee
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung Won Ra
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Jong Geol Jang
- Division of Pulmonology and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University and Regional Center for Respiratory Diseases, Yeungnam University Medical Center, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Ji-Ho Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Byung Woo Jhun
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hye Yun Park
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji Ye Jung
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung Jun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Wook Jo
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chin Kook Rhee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Changwhan Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, South Korea
| | - Sei Won Lee
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyung Hoon Min
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yong-Soo Kwon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Deog Kyeom Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, SMG-SNU Borame Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin Hwa Lee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yong Bum Park
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun Hee Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, Chungnam National University, College of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Yae-Jean Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kwang Ha Yoo
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yeon-Mok Oh
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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