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Hempel C, Totzke F, Schächtele C, Najjar A, Sippl W, Ritter C, Hilgeroth A. Discovery of novel dual inhibitors of receptor tyrosine kinases EGFR and IGF-1R. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2017; 32:271-276. [PMID: 28097905 PMCID: PMC6009933 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2016.1247062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel 4-benzylamino benzo-anellated pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridines have been synthesized with varied substitution patterns both at the molecular scaffold of the benzo-anellated ring and at the 4-benzylamino residue. With a structural similarity to substituted thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidines as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors, we characterized the inhibition of EGFR for our novel compounds. As receptor heterodimerization gained certain interest as mechanism of cancer cells to become resistant against novel protein kinase inhibitors, we additionally measured the inhibition of insulin-like growth factor receptor IGF-1R which is a prominent receptor for such heterodimerizations with EGFR. Structure–activity relationships are discussed for both kinase inhibitions depending on the varied substitution patterns. We discovered novel dual inhibitors of both receptor tyrosine kinases with interest for further studies to reduce inhibitor resistance developments in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelius Hempel
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University , Halle , Germany
| | | | | | - Abdulkarim Najjar
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University , Halle , Germany
| | - Wolfgang Sippl
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University , Halle , Germany
| | - Christoph Ritter
- c Department of Clinical Pharmacy , Institute of Pharmacy, Ernst Moritz Arndt University Greifswald , Germany
| | - Andreas Hilgeroth
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University , Halle , Germany
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Surasani R, Kalita D, Rao AVD, Chandrasekhar KB. Palladium-catalyzed C-N and C-O bond formation of N-substituted 4-bromo-7-azaindoles with amides, amines, amino acid esters and phenols. Beilstein J Org Chem 2012; 8:2004-18. [PMID: 23209536 PMCID: PMC3511036 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.8.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple and efficient procedures for palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions of N-substituted 4-bromo-7-azaindole (1H-pyrrole[2,3-b]pyridine), with amides, amines, amino acid esters and phenols through C-N and C-O bond formation have been developed. The C-N cross-coupling reaction of amides, amines and amino acid esters takes place rapidly by using the combination of Xantphos, Cs(2)CO(3), dioxane and palladium catalyst precursors Pd(OAc)(2)/Pd(2)(dba)(3). The combination of Pd(OAc)(2), Xantphos, K(2)CO(3) and dioxane was found to be crucial for the C-O cross-coupling reaction. This is the first report on coupling of amides, amino acid esters and phenols with N-protected 4-bromo-7-azaindole derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra Surasani
- Custom Pharmaceutical Services, Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories Ltd., Miyapur, Hyderabad 50049, India
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science and Technology, JNTU University of Anantapur, Anantapur 515002, India
| | - Dipak Kalita
- Custom Pharmaceutical Services, Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories Ltd., Miyapur, Hyderabad 50049, India
| | - A V Dhanunjaya Rao
- Custom Pharmaceutical Services, Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories Ltd., Miyapur, Hyderabad 50049, India
| | - K B Chandrasekhar
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science and Technology, JNTU University of Anantapur, Anantapur 515002, India
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Schneider C, David E, Toutov AA, Snieckus V. In Situ Anionic Shielding for Regioselective Metalation: Directed peri and Iterative Metalation Routes to Polyfunctionalized 7-Azaindoles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201108016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Schneider C, David E, Toutov AA, Snieckus V. In Situ Anionic Shielding for Regioselective Metalation: Directed peri and Iterative Metalation Routes to Polyfunctionalized 7-Azaindoles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:2722-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201108016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Palladium-Catalyzed sp2 C–N Bond Forming Reactions: Recent Developments and Applications. TOP ORGANOMETAL CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/3418_2012_56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Henderson JL, McDermott SM, Buchwald SL. Palladium-catalyzed amination of unprotected halo-7-azaindoles. Org Lett 2011; 12:4438-41. [PMID: 20860393 DOI: 10.1021/ol101928m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Simple and efficient procedures for the Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling of primary and secondary amines with halo-7-azaindoles(pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine) are presented. Previously, no general method was available to ensure the highly selective reaction of the heteroaryl halide in the presence of the unprotected azaindole N-H. Using palladium precatalysts recently reported by our group, such reactions are easily accomplished under mild conditions that can be applied to cross-coupling reactions with a wide array of aliphatic and aromatic amines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn L Henderson
- Department of Chemistry, Room 18-490, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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Schneider C, Goyard D, Gueyrard D, Joseph B, Goekjian PG. Synthesis of 2-, 3-, and 4-Substituted Pyrido[2,3-b]indoles by C-N, C-O, and C-C(sp) Bond Formation. European J Org Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201000795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Baeza A, Mendiola J, Burgos C, Alvarez-Builla J, Vaquero JJ. Application of Selective Palladium-Mediated Functionalization of the Pyrido[3′,2′:4,5]pyrrolo[1,2-c]pyrimidine Heterocyclic System for the Total Synthesis of Variolin B and Deoxyvariolin B. European J Org Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201000599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Schirok H, Kast R, Figueroa-Pérez S, Bennabi S, Gnoth M, Feurer A, Heckroth H, Thutewohl M, Paulsen H, Knorr A, Hütter J, Lobell M, Münter K, Geiß V, Ehmke H, Lang D, Radtke M, Mittendorf J, Stasch JP. Design and Synthesis of Potent and Selective Azaindole-Based Rho Kinase (ROCK) Inhibitors. ChemMedChem 2008; 3:1893-904. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200800211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Palladium-mediated C–N, C–C, and C–O functionalization of azolopyrimidines: a new total synthesis of variolin B. Tetrahedron Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.04.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Caldwell JJ, Cheung KM, Collins I. Synthesis of 4-(cyclic dialkylamino)-7-azaindoles by microwave heating of 4-halo-7-azaindoles and cyclic secondary amines. Tetrahedron Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2007.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Song JJ, Reeves JT, Gallou F, Tan Z, Yee NK, Senanayake CH. Organometallic methods for the synthesis and functionalization of azaindoles. Chem Soc Rev 2007; 36:1120-32. [PMID: 17576479 DOI: 10.1039/b607868k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Azaindoles (also called pyrrolopyridines) constitute essential subunits in many pharmaceutically important compounds. The synthesis of azaindoles has been a great synthetic challenge for chemists. Many classical methods for indole synthesis (such as Fischer and Madelung cyclizations) often cannot be effectively applied to the synthesis of the corresponding azaindoles. In recent years, advances in organometallic chemistry have enabled a number of novel and efficient methodologies for azaindole formation as well as for the further functionalization of azaindole templates. In this tutorial review, we have surveyed the recent development of organometallic chemistry-based methods for azaindole synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua J Song
- Department of Chemical Development, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Old Ridgebury Road/P.O. Box 368, Ridgefield, CT 06877-0368, USA.
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Figueroa-Pérez S, Bennabi S, Schirok H, Thutewohl M. Efficient synthesis of 4-O- and C-substituted-7-azaindoles. Tetrahedron Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2006.01.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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