Aesthetic Facial Surgery of Male Patients: Demographics and Market Trends

Its Not about the Destination, Its about the Journey-Plotting 50 Years of Changing Clinical Trends in Plastic Surgery in a Public Sector Teaching Hospital

Background The year 2019 marked the 50th anniversary of plastic surgery department of our institution. We present an audit to plot the changing clinical trends in our work in the past five decades.

Methods A single-center retrospective cohort study based on the department demographics was performed and compared across the decades from 1969 to 2019.

Results In 1969, the relative proportion of reconstructive versus cosmetic surgery procedures was 94.32% versus 5.68%; in 2019 this was 76.25% and 23.75%, respectively. An increase of 22 times increase in outpatient registrations, 13.1 times in total surgeries, 642 times in trauma reconstruction, 290 times for hand surgeries, and 323 times for skin tumor surgeries was noted. Male patients (64.9%) increased every decade more than females (35.1%), mostly for trauma surgery and gynecomastia correction. Proportion of pediatric cleft patients have markedly decreased. Spectrum of surgical procedures have widened. Top five reconstructive surgeries in 2019 were limb trauma reconstruction, skin tumor surgeries, hand surgeries, arterio-venous fistula (AV) creation, and oculoplasty. The most common surgery performed was cleft lip surgery in 1969 and hand surgery in 2019. The top five cosmetic surgeries performed in 2019 were scar revisions, nevus excision, liposuction and gynecomastia correction, rhinoplasty, and otoplasty.

Conclusions Data collection and archiving and periodic audits help us study changing trends in our field compared with the global trends. Knowing societal demands will help to improve the resident training in teaching hospitals.

The characteristics of private plastic surgery practice in developing country: An epidemiological study

Background:

With the rise in working-age population, there has been notable economic growth in Indonesia. Along with it, there is an increase in expenditure for non-food items such as health-care service, without exception to plastic surgery practice. Aesthetic plastic surgery practice has gained its popularity in several other developing countries such as Brazil, Russia, India and China. Epidemiology report of private plastic surgery practice in Jakarta, the capital of Indonesia, will provide the evidence of increasing need for aesthetic plastic surgery practices as the basis for further improvement.

Methods:

This is a single-centre descriptive cross-sectional study with a total sampling method which included all patients registered at a private plastic surgery clinic between January 2008 and December 2016.

Results:

There were 1457 medical procedures. The majority (93.4%) of patients were female. More than 80% were surgical procedures, the most common ones were breast implant and blepharoplasty with the latter being similarly popular in both gender. The majority of the patients fell into 20–45-year-old group. Patients <20-year-old had undergone a more minor surgical procedure such as skin tumour and nevus excision or scar treatment while patients >45-year-old had more procedures with rejuvenation purpose.

Conclusion:

The epidemiology of private plastic surgery practice in an urban area of developing country resembles those in either developed or developing countries with a similar socio-demographic profile. This data can be further utilised for a more focused private plastic surgery practice improvement. The limitation however is that, the study is based on a single centre data.

Pluripotential Differentiation Capability of Human Adipose-derived Stem Cells in a Novel Fibrin-agarose Scaffold

The potentiality of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) cultured on 2D systems has been previously established. Nevertheless, very little is known so far about the differentiation potentiality of ASCs in 3D culture systems using biomaterials. In this work, we have evaluated the transdifferentiation capabilities of ASCs cultured within a novel fibrin-agarose biomaterial by histological analysis, histochemistry and immunofluorescence. Our results showed that 3D fibrin-agarose biomaterial is highly biocompatible and supports the transdifferentiation capabilities of ASCs to the osteogenic, chondrogenic, adipogenic, and neurogenic lineages.

Knowledge and perceptions of facial plastic surgery among a selected group of professionals in Lagos, Nigeria

This was a questionnaire-based study among a selected group of professionals in Lagos, Nigeria to assess their knowledge, attitude and perceptions to facial plastic surgery. A well-structured questionnaire was administered to a group of professionals in the banking industry and the civil service. The respondents were asked if they had heard of 'facial plastic surgery' before and if they were familiar with some selected facial plastic surgery procedures. They were also asked if they had ever considered undergoing facial plastic surgery for any real/perceived facial abnormalities; if they knew any close relatives/friends who had undergone facial plastic surgery and if they considered the result satisfactory or not. A total of 130 respondents participated in the study; of these, 102 (78.5%) respondents had some knowledge of 'facial plastic surgery' while 28 (21.5%) respondents had no prior knowledge of facial plastic surgery. Fifty-five of the 102 respondents had some knowledge of liposuction of the face and neck. Nineteen of the 130 respondents expressed willingness to undergo facial plastic surgery for removal of facial wrinkles and excess fat on the cheeks and neck. Only 17 (13%) of the respondents had ever thought of undergoing facial plastic surgery; of these 17 respondents, nine claimed that their facial appearance was the main reason. Respondents with perceived facial abnormalities were more likely to undergo plastic surgery than those without perceived abnormalities (P=0.000). Twenty-four (18.5%) of the 130 respondents knew of a friend/close relative who had undergone facial plastic surgery before, and the majority (19 of the 24) considered the result of the surgery satisfactory. We conclude that most of the study participants had some knowledge of facial plastic surgery; however, only a few expressed willingness to undergo facial plastic surgery for removal of facial wrinkles and folds/fat on the cheeks and neck. The fact that only a few of the respondents knew someone who had undergone facial surgery may reflect the low level of availability of facial plastic surgery procedures in Nigeria.

Hyaluronic acid fillers for the male patient

The male cosmetic population has been more timid over the years for procedures for facial rejuvenation. Only with the advent of minimally invasive procedures such as Botox and fillers have men begun to participate in cosmetic treatments. Men come with esthetic needs and areas of treatment different from women and require a different array of injectable fillers for each of these problems. Wrinkle ablation, volumization, and sculpting facial contours are procedures with the various agents available.

Cosmetic surgery considerations in the female patient

A greater number of women than men undergo facial cosmetic procedures. Oral and maxillofacial surgeons should have an in-depth knowledge of the physiologic and anatomic differences between the sexes with respect to surgical treatment options. Gender differences in regard to the planning and management of female cosmetic surgery patients are the focus of this article.