1
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Perez-Castillo R, Freixas VM, Mukamel S, Martinez-Mesa A, Uranga-Piña L, Tretiak S, Gelin MF, Fernandez-Alberti S. Transient-absorption spectroscopy of dendrimers via nonadiabatic excited-state dynamics simulations. Chem Sci 2024; 15:13250-13261. [PMID: 39183915 PMCID: PMC11339953 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc01019a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The efficiency of light-harvesting and energy transfer in multi-chromophore ensembles underpins natural photosynthesis. Dendrimers are highly branched synthetic multi-chromophoric conjugated supra-molecules that mimic these natural processes. After photoexcitation, their repeated units participate in a number of intramolecular electronic energy relaxation and redistribution pathways that ultimately funnel to a sink. Here, a model four-branched dendrimer with a pyrene core is theoretically studied using nonadiabatic molecular dynamics simulations. We evaluate excited-state photoinduced dynamics of the dendrimer, and demonstrate on-the-fly simulations of its transient absorption pump-probe (TA-PP) spectra. We show how the evolutions of the simulated TA-PP spectra monitor in real time photoinduced energy relaxation and redistribution, and provide a detailed microscopic picture of the relevant energy-transfer pathways. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first of this kind of on-the-fly atomistic simulation of TA-PP signals reported for a large molecular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Royle Perez-Castillo
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnologia, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes/CONICET B1876BXD Bernal Argentina
| | - Victor M Freixas
- Department of Chemistry and Physics and Astronomy, University of California Irvine California 92697-2025 USA
| | - Shaul Mukamel
- Department of Chemistry and Physics and Astronomy, University of California Irvine California 92697-2025 USA
| | - Aliezer Martinez-Mesa
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnologia, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes/CONICET B1876BXD Bernal Argentina
- DynAMoS (Dynamical Processes in Atomic and Molecular Systems), Facultad de Física, Universidad de La Habana San Lázaro y L La Habana 10400 Cuba
| | - Llinersy Uranga-Piña
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnologia, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes/CONICET B1876BXD Bernal Argentina
- DynAMoS (Dynamical Processes in Atomic and Molecular Systems), Facultad de Física, Universidad de La Habana San Lázaro y L La Habana 10400 Cuba
| | - Sergei Tretiak
- Theoretical Division and Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos New Mexico 87545 USA
| | - Maxim F Gelin
- School of Sciences, Hangzhou Dianzi University Hangzhou 310018 China
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2
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Huang X, Liang W. Real-Time Simulation of Ultrafast Electronic Dynamics of Nanoscale Systems Involving an Organic Molecule and a Nanoparticle Dimer. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:6592-6597. [PMID: 38885450 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c01337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Understanding and predicting the behavior of nanomaterials composed of plasmons interacting with quantum emitters at ultrafast timescales is crucial for the better manipulation of light at the nanoscale and advancing technologies like ultrafast communication and computing. Here we perform a simulation of the "real-time" electronic dynamics of a coupled molecule-metal nanoparticle dimer interacting with an ultrashort resonant laser pulse by combining the real-time time-dependent density functional theory (RT-TDDFT) approach with the time-domain frequency-dependent fluctuating charge (TD-ωFQ) model, an atomistic electromagnetic (AEM) model for the dynamic plasmonic response of nanoparticles. It is shown that the induced dipoles evolve from an exponential decay pattern to a beat pattern with an increase in coupling strength, which is altered by changing the molecular orientation relative to the dimer axis. It is further shown that in the strong coupling regime, both the excited molecule and the plasmon relax rapidly due to the molecule-plasmon interaction, and the efficient coherent energy exchange between the interacting molecule and plasmon modes occurs on a femtosecond (fs) timescale. This work provides guidance on manipulating light-matter interaction and studying molecular plasmonics at extremely fast timescales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunkun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - WanZhen Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, People's Republic of China
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3
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Xu C, Lin C, Peng J, Zhang J, Lin S, Gu FL, Gelin MF, Lan Z. On-the-fly simulation of time-resolved fluorescence spectra and anisotropy. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:104109. [PMID: 38477337 DOI: 10.1063/5.0201204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
We combine on-the-fly trajectory surface hopping simulations and the doorway-window representation of nonlinear optical response functions to create an efficient protocol for the evaluation of time- and frequency-resolved fluorescence (TFRF) spectra and anisotropies of the realistic polyatomic systems. This approach gives the effective description of the proper (e.g., experimental) pulse envelopes, laser field polarizations, and the proper orientational averaging of TFRF signals directly from the well-established on-the-fly nonadiabatic dynamic simulations without extra computational cost. To discuss the implementation details of the developed protocol, we chose cis-azobenzene as a prototype to simulate the time evolution of the TFRF spectra governed by its nonadiabatic dynamics. The results show that the TFRF is determined by the interplay of several key factors, i.e., decays of excited-state populations, evolution of the transition dipole moments along with the dynamic propagation, and scaling factor of the TFRF signals associated with the cube of emission frequency. This work not only provides an efficient and effective approach to simulate the TFRF and anisotropies of realistic polyatomic systems but also discusses the important relationship between the TFRF signals and the underlining nonadiabatic dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety; School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Congru Lin
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety; School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiawei Peng
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety; School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Juanjuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety; School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Shichen Lin
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-Park, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - Feng Long Gu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety; School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Maxim F Gelin
- School of Science, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenggang Lan
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety; School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
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4
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Jacobs M, Krumland J, Valencia AM, Cocchi C. Pulse-Induced Dynamics of a Charge-Transfer Complex from First Principles. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:8794-8805. [PMID: 37824697 PMCID: PMC10614200 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c03709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
The ultrafast dynamics of charge carriers in organic donor-acceptor interfaces are of primary importance to understanding the fundamental properties of these systems. In this work, we focus on a charge-transfer complex formed by quaterthiophene p-doped by tetrafluoro-tetracyanoquinodimethane and investigate electron dynamics and vibronic interactions also at finite temperatures by applying a femtosecond pulse in resonance with the two lowest energy excitations of the system with perpendicular and parallel polarization with respect to the interface. The adopted ab initio formalism based on real-time time-dependent density-functional theory coupled to Ehrenfest dynamics enables monitoring the dynamical charge transfer across the interface and assessing the role played by the nuclear motion. Our results show that the strong intermolecular interactions binding the complex already in the ground state influence the dynamics, too. The analysis of the nuclear motion involved in these processes reveals the participation of different vibrational modes depending on the electronic states stimulated by the resonant pulse. Coupled donor-acceptor modes mostly influence the excited state polarized across the interface, while intramolecular vibrations in the donor molecule dominate the excitation in the orthogonal direction. The results obtained at finite temperatures are overall consistent with this picture, although thermal disorder contributes to slightly decreasing interfacial charge transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Jacobs
- Physics
Department and IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität
zu Berlin, Berlin 12489, Germany
| | - Jannis Krumland
- Physics
Department and IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität
zu Berlin, Berlin 12489, Germany
| | - Ana M. Valencia
- Physics
Department and IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität
zu Berlin, Berlin 12489, Germany
- Institute
of Physics, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Caterina Cocchi
- Physics
Department and IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität
zu Berlin, Berlin 12489, Germany
- Institute
of Physics, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
- Center
for Nanoscale Dynamics (CeNaD), Carl von
Ossietzky Universität, Oldenburg 26129, Germany
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5
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Ranka K, Isborn CM. Size-dependent errors in real-time electron density propagation. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:2887545. [PMID: 37125706 DOI: 10.1063/5.0142515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Real-time (RT) electron density propagation with time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) or Hartree-Fock (TDHF) is one of the most popular methods to model the charge transfer in molecules and materials. However, both RT-TDHF and RT-TDDFT within the adiabatic approximation are known to produce inaccurate evolution of the electron density away from the ground state in model systems, leading to large errors in charge transfer and erroneous shifting of peaks in absorption spectra. Given the poor performance of these methods with small model systems and the widespread use of the methods with larger molecular and material systems, here we bridge the gap in our understanding of these methods and examine the size-dependence of errors in RT density propagation. We analyze the performance of RT density propagation for systems of increasing size during the application of a continuous resonant field to induce Rabi-like oscillations, during charge-transfer dynamics, and for peak shifting in simulated absorption spectra. We find that the errors in the electron dynamics are indeed size dependent for these phenomena, with the largest system producing the results most aligned with those expected from linear response theory. The results suggest that although the RT-TDHF and RT-TDDFT methods may produce severe errors for model systems, the errors in charge transfer and resonantly driven electron dynamics may be much less significant for more realistic, large-scale molecules and materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karnamohit Ranka
- Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Merced, Merced, California 95343, USA
| | - Christine M Isborn
- Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Merced, Merced, California 95343, USA
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6
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Gelin MF, Chen L, Domcke W. Equation-of-Motion Methods for the Calculation of Femtosecond Time-Resolved 4-Wave-Mixing and N-Wave-Mixing Signals. Chem Rev 2022; 122:17339-17396. [PMID: 36278801 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Femtosecond nonlinear spectroscopy is the main tool for the time-resolved detection of photophysical and photochemical processes. Since most systems of chemical interest are rather complex, theoretical support is indispensable for the extraction of the intrinsic system dynamics from the detected spectroscopic responses. There exist two alternative theoretical formalisms for the calculation of spectroscopic signals, the nonlinear response-function (NRF) approach and the spectroscopic equation-of-motion (EOM) approach. In the NRF formalism, the system-field interaction is assumed to be sufficiently weak and is treated in lowest-order perturbation theory for each laser pulse interacting with the sample. The conceptual alternative to the NRF method is the extraction of the spectroscopic signals from the solutions of quantum mechanical, semiclassical, or quasiclassical EOMs which govern the time evolution of the material system interacting with the radiation field of the laser pulses. The NRF formalism and its applications to a broad range of material systems and spectroscopic signals have been comprehensively reviewed in the literature. This article provides a detailed review of the suite of EOM methods, including applications to 4-wave-mixing and N-wave-mixing signals detected with weak or strong fields. Under certain circumstances, the spectroscopic EOM methods may be more efficient than the NRF method for the computation of various nonlinear spectroscopic signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim F Gelin
- School of Science, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Lipeng Chen
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik komplexer Systeme, Nöthnitzer Strasse 38, D-01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Domcke
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, D-85747 Garching,Germany
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7
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Trepl T, Schelter I, Kümmel S. Analyzing Excitation-Energy Transfer Based on the Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory in Real Time. J Chem Theory Comput 2022; 18:6577-6587. [PMID: 36268773 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.2c00600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Excitation-energy transfer is a key step in processes such as photosynthesis that convert light into other forms of energy. Time-dependent density functional theory (DFT) in real time is ideal for the first-principles simulation of such processes due to its computational efficiency. We here demonstrate how real-time DFT can be used for analyzing excitation-energy transfer from first-principles. We discuss several measures of energy transfer that are based solely on the time-dependent density, are well founded in the DFT framework, allow for intuitive understanding and visualization, and reproduce important limiting cases of an analytical model. We demonstrate their usefulness in calculations for model systems, both with static nuclei and in the context of DFT-based Ehrenfest dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Trepl
- Theoretical Physics IV, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth95440, Germany
| | - I Schelter
- Theoretical Physics IV, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth95440, Germany
| | - S Kümmel
- Theoretical Physics IV, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth95440, Germany
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8
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Xu C, Lin K, Hu D, Gu FL, Gelin MF, Lan Z. Ultrafast Internal Conversion Dynamics through the on-the-Fly Simulation of Transient Absorption Pump-Probe Spectra with Different Electronic Structure Methods. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:661-668. [PMID: 35023755 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c03373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
An on-the-fly surface-hopping simulation protocol is developed for the evaluation of transient absorption (TA) pump-probe (PP) signals of molecular systems exhibiting internal conversion to the electronic ground state. We study the nonadiabatic dynamics of azomethane and the associating TA PP spectra at three levels of the electronic-structure theory, OM2/MRCI, SA-CASSCF, and XMS-CASPT2. The impact of these methods on the population dynamics and time-resolved TA PP signals is substantially different. This difference is attributed to the strong non-Condon effects that must be taken into account for the proper understanding and interpretation of time-resolved TA PP signals of nonadiabatic polyatomic systems. This shows that the combination of the dynamical and spectral simulations definitely provides more accurate and detailed information on the microscopic mechanisms of photophysical and photochemical processes. Hence the simulation of time-resolved spectroscopic signals provides another important dimension to examine the accuracy of quantum chemistry methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Kunni Lin
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Deping Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety and MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Theoretical Chemistry, SCNU Environmental Research Institute, School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Feng Long Gu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Maxim F Gelin
- School of Sciences, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018, P. R. China
| | - Zhenggang Lan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety and MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Theoretical Chemistry, SCNU Environmental Research Institute, School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
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9
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Huang J, Zhao X, Huang X, Liang W. Understanding the mechanism of plasmon-driven water splitting: hot electron injection and a near field enhancement effect. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:25629-25636. [PMID: 34757361 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03509f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Utilizing plasmon-generated hot carriers to drive chemical reactions has currently become an active area of research in solar photocatalysis at the nanoscale. However, the mechanism underlying exact transfer and the generation dynamics of hot carriers, and the strategies used to further improve the quantum efficiency of the photocatalytic reaction still deserve further investigation. In this work, we perform a nonadiabatic excited-state dynamics study to depict the correlation between the reaction rate of plasmon-driven water splitting (PDWS) and the sizes of gold particles, the incident light frequency and intensity, and the near-field spatial distribution. Four model systems, H2O and Au20@H2O separately interacting with the laser field and the near field generated by the Au nanoparticle (NP) with a few nanometers in size, have been investigated. Our simulated results clearly unveil the mechanism of PDWS and hot-electron injection in a Schottky-free junction: the electrons populated on the antibonding orbitals of H2O are mandatory to drive the OH bond breaking and the strong orbital hybridization between Au20 and H2O creates the conditions for direct electron injection. We further find that the linear dependence of the reaction rate and the field amplitude only holds at a relatively weak field and it breaks down when the second OH bond begins to dissociate and field-induced water fragmentation occurs at a very intensive field, and that with the guarantee of electron injection, the water splitting rate increases with an increase in the NP size. This study will be helpful for further improving the efficiency of photochemical reactions involving plasmon-generated hot carriers and expanding the applications of hot carriers in a variety of chemical reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaquan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian Province, China.
| | - Xinyi Zhao
- Xiamen Huaxia University, Ximen 361005, Fujian Province, China
| | - Xunkun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian Province, China.
| | - WanZhen Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian Province, China.
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10
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Herperger KR, Krumland J, Cocchi C. Laser-Induced Electronic and Vibronic Dynamics in the Pyrene Molecule and Its Cation. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:9619-9631. [PMID: 34714646 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c06538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Among polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, pyrene is widely used as an optical probe thanks to its peculiar ultraviolet absorption and infrared emission features. Interestingly, this molecule is also an abundant component of the interstellar medium, where it is detected via its unique spectral fingerprints. In this work, we present a comprehensive first-principles study on the electronic and vibrational response of pyrene and its cation to ultrafast, coherent pulses in resonance with their optically active excitations in the ultraviolet region. The analysis of molecular symmetries, electronic structure, and linear optical spectra is used to interpret transient absorption spectra and kinetic energy spectral densities computed for the systems excited by ultrashort laser fields. By disentangling the effects of the electronic and vibrational dynamics via ad hoc simulations with stationary and moving ions, and, in specific cases, with the aid of auxiliary model systems, we rationalize that the nuclear motion is mainly harmonic in the neutral species, while strong anharmonic oscillations emerge in the cation, driven by electronic coherence. Our results provide additional insights into the ultrafast vibronic dynamics of pyrene and related compounds and set the stage for future investigations on more complex carbon-conjugated molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine R Herperger
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa ON K1N 6N5, Canada.,Physics Department and IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jannis Krumland
- Physics Department and IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Caterina Cocchi
- Physics Department and IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Physics, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
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11
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Hu D, Peng J, Chen L, Gelin MF, Lan Z. Spectral Fingerprint of Excited-State Energy Transfer in Dendrimers through Polarization-Sensitive Transient-Absorption Pump-Probe Signals: On-the-Fly Nonadiabatic Dynamics Simulations. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:9710-9719. [PMID: 34590858 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The time-resolved polarization-sensitive transient-absorption (TA) pump-probe (PP) spectra are simulated using on-the-fly surface-hopping nonadiabatic dynamics and the doorway-window representation of nonlinear spectroscopy. A dendrimer model system composed of two linear phenylene ethynylene units (2-ring and 3-ring) is taken as an example. The ground-state bleach (GSB), stimulated emission (SE), and excited-state absorption (ESA) contributions as well as the total TA PP signals are obtained and carefully analyzed. It is shown that intramolecular excited-state energy transfer from the 2-ring unit to the 3-ring unit can be conveniently identified by employing pump and probe pulses with different polarizations. Our results demonstrate that time-resolved polarization-sensitive TA PP signals provide a powerful tool for the elucidation of excited-state energy-transfer pathways, notably in molecular systems possessing several optically bright nonadiabatically coupled electronic states with different orientations of transition dipole moments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deping Hu
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Theoretical Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiawei Peng
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Theoretical Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lipeng Chen
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Maxim F Gelin
- School of Sciences, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Zhenggang Lan
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Theoretical Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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12
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Krumland J, Gil G, Corni S, Cocchi C. LayerPCM: An implicit scheme for dielectric screening from layered substrates. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:224114. [PMID: 34241221 DOI: 10.1063/5.0050158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We present LayerPCM, an extension of the polarizable-continuum model coupled to real-time time-dependent density-functional theory, for an efficient and accurate description of the electrostatic interactions between molecules and multilayered dielectric substrates on which they are physisorbed. The former are modeled quantum-mechanically, while the latter are treated as polarizable continua characterized by their dielectric constants. The proposed approach is purposely designed to simulate complex hybrid heterostructures with nano-engineered substrates including a stack of anisotropic layers. LayerPCM is suitable for describing the polarization-induced renormalization of frontier energy levels of the adsorbates in the static regime. Moreover, it can be reliably applied to simulating laser-induced ultrafast dynamics of molecules through the inclusion of electric fields generated by Fresnel-reflection at the substrate. Depending on the complexity of the underlying layer structure, such reflected fields can assume non-trivial shapes and profoundly affect the dynamics of the photo-excited charge carriers in the molecule. In particular, the interaction with the substrate can give rise to strong delayed fields, which lead to interference effects resembling those of multi-pulse-based spectroscopy. The robustness of the implementation and the above-mentioned features are demonstrated with a number of examples, ranging from intuitive models to realistic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannis Krumland
- Physics Department and IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gabriel Gil
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Stefano Corni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Caterina Cocchi
- Physics Department and IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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13
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Guandalini A, Cocchi C, Pittalis S, Ruini A, Rozzi CA. Nonlinear light absorption in many-electron systems excited by an instantaneous electric field: a non-perturbative approach. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:10059-10069. [PMID: 33870971 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp04958a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Applications of low-cost non-perturbative approaches in real time, such as time-dependent density functional theory, for the study of nonlinear optical properties of large and complex systems are gaining increasing popularity. However, their assessment still requires the analysis and understanding of elementary dynamical processes in simple model systems. Motivated by the aim of simulating optical nonlinearities in molecules, here exemplified by the case of the quaterthiophene oligomer, we investigate light absorption in many-electron interacting systems beyond the linear regime by using a single broadband impulse of an electric field; i.e. an electrical impulse in the instantaneous limit. We determine non-pertubatively the absorption cross section from the Fourier transform of the time-dependent induced dipole moment, which can be obtained from the time evolution of the wavefunction. We discuss the dependence of the resulting cross section on the magnitude of the impulse and we highlight the advantages of this method in comparison with perturbation theory by working on a one-dimensional model system for which numerically exact solutions are accessible. Thus, we demonstrate that the considered non-pertubative approach provides us with an effective tool for investigating fluence-dependent nonlinear optical excitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Guandalini
- CNR - Istituto Nanoscienze, Via Campi 213A, I-41125 Modena, Italy. .,Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Informatiche e Matematiche, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 213A, I-41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Caterina Cocchi
- Physics Department and IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Zum Großen Windkanal 2, D-12489 Berlin, Germany.,Physics Department, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Straße 9, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Stefano Pittalis
- CNR - Istituto Nanoscienze, Via Campi 213A, I-41125 Modena, Italy.
| | - Alice Ruini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Informatiche e Matematiche, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 213A, I-41125 Modena, Italy
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14
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Lively K, Albareda G, Sato SA, Kelly A, Rubio A. Simulating Vibronic Spectra without Born-Oppenheimer Surfaces. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:3074-3081. [PMID: 33750137 PMCID: PMC8020382 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We show how linear vibronic spectra in molecular systems can be simulated efficiently using first-principles approaches without relying on the explicit use of multiple Born-Oppenheimer potential energy surfaces. We demonstrate and analyze the performance of mean-field and beyond-mean-field dynamics techniques for the H2 molecule in one dimension, in the later case capturing the vibronic structure quite accurately, including quantum Franck-Condon effects. In a practical application of this methodology we simulate the absorption spectrum of benzene in full dimensionality using time-dependent density functional theory at the multitrajectory Ehrenfest level, finding good qualitative agreement with experiment and significant spectral reweighting compared to commonly used single-trajectory Ehrenfest dynamics. These results form the foundation for nonlinear spectral calculations and show promise for future application in capturing phenomena associated with vibronic coupling in more complex molecular and potentially condensed phase systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Lively
- Max
Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter and Center
for Free-Electron Laser Science, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Guillermo Albareda
- Max
Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter and Center
for Free-Electron Laser Science, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institute
of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Nano-Bio
Spectroscopy Group and ETSF, Universidad
del País Vasco, 20018 San Sebastían, Spain
| | - Shunsuke A. Sato
- Max
Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter and Center
for Free-Electron Laser Science, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Center
for Computational Sciences, University of
Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
| | - Aaron Kelly
- Max
Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter and Center
for Free-Electron Laser Science, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Department
of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Angel Rubio
- Max
Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter and Center
for Free-Electron Laser Science, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Nano-Bio
Spectroscopy Group and ETSF, Universidad
del País Vasco, 20018 San Sebastían, Spain
- Center
for Computational Quantum Physics (CCQ), Flatiron Institute, 162 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10010, United
States
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15
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Bhan L, Covington C, Rivas J, Varga K. Simulation of photo-electron spectrum and electron scattering by dual time propagation. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:114110. [PMID: 33752384 DOI: 10.1063/5.0045591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A dual time propagation approach is introduced to describe electron scattering and ionization. The space is divided into two regions, a central region with a full time-dependent Hamiltonian and an outer region where the kinetic operator and the laser field dominate. The two regions are connected by a source term. Time-dependent density functional theory calculations of wave packet scattering on molecules and photoelectron spectrum due to circularly polarized laser are presented to illustrate the efficiency and applicability of the approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Bhan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA
| | - Cody Covington
- Department of Chemistry, Austin Peay State University, Clarksville, Tennessee 37044, USA
| | - Jason Rivas
- Department of Chemistry, Austin Peay State University, Clarksville, Tennessee 37044, USA
| | - Kálmán Varga
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA
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16
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Krumland J, Valencia AM, Cocchi C. Exploring organic semiconductors in solution: the effects of solvation, alkylization, and doping. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:4841-4855. [PMID: 33605967 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp06085b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The first-principles simulation of the electronic structure of organic semiconductors in solution poses a number of challenges that are not trivial to address simultaneously. In this work, we investigate the effects and the mutual interplay of solvation, alkylization, and doping on the structural, electronic, and optical properties of sexithiophene, a representative organic semiconductor molecule. To this end, we employ (time-dependent) density functional theory in conjunction with the polarizable-continuum model. We find that the torsion between adjacent monomer units plays a key role, as it strongly influences the electronic structure of the molecule, including energy gap, ionization potential, and band widths. Alkylization promotes delocalization of the molecular orbitals up to the first methyl unit, regardless of the chain length, leading to an overall shift of the energy levels. The alterations in the electronic structure are reflected in the optical absorption, which is additionally affected by dynamical solute-solvent interactions. Taking all these effects into account, solvents decrease the optical gap by an amount that depends on its polarity, and concomitantly increase the oscillator strength of the first excitation. The interaction with a dopant molecule promotes planarization. In such scenario, solvation and alkylization enhance charge transfer both in the ground state and in the excited state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannis Krumland
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Physics Department and IRIS Adlershof, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
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