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Tramice A, Andreotti G, Trincone A. Direct enzymatic glucosylation of naringin in grapefruit juice by α-D-glucosidase from the marine molluscAplysia fasciata. Biotechnol J 2008; 3:545-54. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.200700161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Endoplasmic reticulum alpha-glycosidases of Candida albicans are required for N glycosylation, cell wall integrity, and normal host-fungus interaction. EUKARYOTIC CELL 2007; 6:2184-93. [PMID: 17933909 PMCID: PMC2168260 DOI: 10.1128/ec.00350-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The cell surface of Candida albicans is enriched in highly glycosylated mannoproteins that are involved in the interaction with the host tissues. N glycosylation is a posttranslational modification that is initiated in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), where the Glc(3)Man(9)GlcNAc(2) N-glycan is processed by alpha-glucosidases I and II and alpha1,2-mannosidase to generate Man(8)GlcNAc(2). This N-oligosaccharide is then elaborated in the Golgi to form N-glycans with highly branched outer chains rich in mannose. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, CWH41, ROT2, and MNS1 encode for alpha-glucosidase I, alpha-glucosidase II catalytic subunit, and alpha1,2-mannosidase, respectively. We disrupted the C. albicans CWH41, ROT2, and MNS1 homologs to determine the importance of N-oligosaccharide processing on the N-glycan outer-chain elongation and the host-fungus interaction. Yeast cells of Cacwh41Delta, Carot2Delta, and Camns1Delta null mutants tended to aggregate, displayed reduced growth rates, had a lower content of cell wall phosphomannan and other changes in cell wall composition, underglycosylated beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase, and had a constitutively activated PKC-Mkc1 cell wall integrity pathway. They were also attenuated in virulence in a murine model of systemic infection and stimulated an altered pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine profile from human monocytes. Therefore, N-oligosaccharide processing by ER glycosidases is required for cell wall integrity and for host-fungus interactions.
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Cipollo JF, Trimble RB. The accumulation of Man(6)GlcNAc(2)-PP-dolichol in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Deltaalg9 mutant reveals a regulatory role for the Alg3p alpha1,3-Man middle-arm addition in downstream oligosaccharide-lipid and glycoprotein glycan processing. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:4267-77. [PMID: 10660594 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.275.6.4267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
N-Glycans in nearly all eukaryotes are derived by transfer of a precursor Glc(3)Man(9)GlcNAc(2) from dolichol (Dol) to consensus Asn residues in nascent proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae alg (asparagine-linked glycosylation) mutants fail to synthesize oligosaccharide-lipid properly, and the alg9 mutant, accumulates Man(6)GlcNAc(2)-PP-Dol. High-field (1)H NMR and methylation analyses of Man(6)GlcNAc(2) released with peptide-N-glycosidase F from invertase secreted by Deltaalg9 yeast showed its structure to be Manalpha1,2Manalpha1,2Manalpha1, 3(Manalpha1,3Manalpha1,6)-Manbeta1,4GlcNAcbeta1, 4GlcNAcalpha/beta, confirming the addition of the alpha1,3-linked Man to Man(5)GlcNAc(2)-PP-Dol prior to the addition of the final upper-arm alpha1,6-linked Man. This Man(6)GlcNAc(2) is the endoglycosidase H-sensitive product of the Alg3p step. The Deltaalg9 Hex(7-10)GlcNAc(2) elongation intermediates were released from invertase and similarly analyzed. When compared with alg3 sec18 and wild-type core mannans, Deltaalg9 N-glycans reveal a regulatory role for the Alg3p-dependent alpha1,3-linked Man in subsequent oligosaccharide-lipid and glycoprotein glycan maturation. The presence of this Man appears to provide structural information potentiating the downstream action of the endoplasmic reticulum glucosyltransferases Alg6p, Alg8p and Alg10p, glucosidases Gls1p and Gls2p, and the Golgi Och1p outerchain alpha1,6-Man branch-initiating mannosyltransferase.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Cipollo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12201-0509, USA
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Abstract
The properties of the N-glycan processing glycosidases located in the endoplasmic reticulum of Saccharomyces cerevisiae are described. alpha-Glucosidase I encoded by CWH41 cleaves the terminal alpha1, 2-linked glucose and alpha-glucosidase II encoded by ROT2 removes the two alpha1,3-linked glucose residues from the Glc3Man9GlcNAc2 oligosaccharide precursor while the alpha1,2-mannosidase encoded by MNS1 removes one specific mannose to form a single isomer of Man8GlcNAc2. Although trimming by these glycosidases is not essential for the formation of N-glycan outer chains, recent studies on mutants lacking these enzymes indicate that alpha-glucosidases I and II play an indirect role in cell wall beta1,6-glucan formation and that the alpha1,2-mannosidase is involved in endoplasmic reticulum quality control. Detailed structure-function studies of recombinant yeast alpha1,2-mannosidase are described that serve as a model for other members of this enzyme family that has been conserved through eukaryotic evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Herscovics
- McGill Cancer Centre, McGill University, 3655 Drummond Street, Montreal, Que. H3G 1Y6, Canada.
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Ballou L, Ballou C. Schizosaccharomyces pombe mutants that are defective in glycoprotein galactosylation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1995; 92:2790-4. [PMID: 7708725 PMCID: PMC42304 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.92.7.2790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Several mutants of Schizosaccharomyces pombe were obtained that are defective in protein glycosylation. One of the mutants, strain Sp550, makes galactomannoproteins with about half of the wild-type amount of galactose, whereas another strain, Sp137, makes glycoproteins that are almost devoid of galactose. Nondenaturing gel electrophoresis of cell extracts of both mutants revealed that they make invertases with a greatly increased mobility relative to the wild type. Additional study showed that Sp137 invertase has a subunit molecular mass that is about half that reported for the wild-type enzyme, owing to a reduction in carbohydrate content, whereas the native multimeric state appears unaltered. Structural studies on bulk cell-wall glycoprotein from Sp137 showed that the N-linked carbohydrate chains consist of a typical branched core oligosaccharide to which is attached an unsubstituted alpha 1-->6-polymannose outer chain. Consequently, the cells are agglutinated by antibodies against alpha 1-->6-linked mannose and have N-linked carbohydrate chains that are structurally analogous to the mnn2 mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ballou
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley 94720, USA
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6
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Chapter 7 Protein Glycosylation in Yeast. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-7306(08)60601-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2023]
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7
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Rexach MF, Latterich M, Schekman RW. Characteristics of endoplasmic reticulum-derived transport vesicles. J Cell Biol 1994; 126:1133-48. [PMID: 8063853 PMCID: PMC2120166 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.126.5.1133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
We have isolated vesicles that mediate protein transport from the ER to Golgi membranes in perforated yeast. These vesicles, which form de novo during in vitro incubations, carry lumenal and membrane proteins that include core-glycosylated pro-alpha-factor, Bet1, Sec22, and Bos1, but not ER-resident Kar2 or Sec61 proteins. Thus, lumenal and membrane proteins in the ER are sorted prior to transport vesicle scission. Inhibition of Ypt1p-function, which prevents newly formed vesicles from docking to cis-Golgi membranes, was used to block transport. Vesicles that accumulate are competent for fusion with cis-Golgi membranes, but not with ER membranes, and thus are functionally committed to vectorial transport. A 900-fold enrichment was developed using differential centrifugation and a series of velocity and equilibrium density gradients. Electron microscopic analysis shows a uniform population of 60 nm vesicles that lack peripheral protein coats. Quantitative Western blot analysis indicates that protein markers of cytosol and cellular membranes are depleted throughout the purification, whereas the synaptobrevin-like Bet1, Sec22, and Bos1 proteins are highly enriched. Uncoated ER-derived transport vesicles (ERV) contain twelve major proteins that associate tightly with the membrane. The ERV proteins may represent abundant cargo and additional targeting molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Rexach
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley 94720
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Kogan G, Sandula J, Simkovicová V. Glucomannan from Candida utilis. Structural investigation. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 1993; 38:219-24. [PMID: 8365697 DOI: 10.1007/bf02814381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Structure of the glucomannan isolated from the cell walls of Candida utilis has been investigated using acetolysis fragmentation, methylation analysis and NMR spectroscopy. The structure of the glucomannan resembles that of the cellular mannans of other Candida species, except that the longer tetra- and pentassacharide side-chains are terminated with a glucosyl residue. Presence of the nonreducing glucosyl groups at the ends of the side-chains caused the C. utilis not to cross-react in a double immunodiffusion test with other Candida species that possess mannan antigens and cross-react with Hansenula species with glucomannan antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Kogan
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Matsuura F, Ohta M, Murakami K, Matsuki Y. Structures of asparagine linked oligosaccharides of immunoglobulins (IgY) isolated from egg-yolk of Japanese quail. Glycoconj J 1993; 10:202-13. [PMID: 8257848 DOI: 10.1007/bf00702201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Structures of the Asn linked oligosaccharides of quail egg-yolk immunoglobulin (IgY) were determined in this study. Asn linked oligosaccharides were cleaved from IgY by hydrazinolysis and labelled with p-aminobenzoic acid ethyl ester (ABEE) after N-acetylation. The ABEE labelled oligosaccharides were then fractionated by a combination of Concanavalin A-agarose column chromatography and anion exchange, normal phase and reversed phase HPLC before their structures were determined by sequential exoglycosidase digestion, methylation analysis, HPLC, and 500 MHz 1H-NMR spectroscopy. Quail IgY contained only neutral oligosaccharides of the following categories: the glucosylated oligomannose type (0.6% Glc alpha 1-3Glc alpha 1-3Man9GlcNAc2; 35.6%, Glc alpha 1-3Man7-9GlcNAc2). oligomannose type (15.0%, with the structure Man5-9GlcNAc2) and biantennary complex type with core structures of -Man alpha 1-3(-Man alpha 1-6)Man beta 1-4GlcNAc beta 1-4GlcNAc (9.9%), -Man alpha 1-3 (GlcNAc beta 1-4)(-Man alpha 1-6)Man beta 1-4GlcNAc beta 1-4GlcNAc (25.1%) and -Man alpha 1-3(GlcNAc beta 1-4)(-Man alpha 1-6)Man beta 1-4GlcNAc beta 1-4(Fuc alpha 1-6)GlcNAc (11.4%). Although never found in mammalian proteins, glucosylated oligosaccharides (Glc1Man7-9GlcNAc2) have been located previously in hen IgY.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Matsuura
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Fukuyama University, Hiroshima, Japan
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Affiliation(s)
- L Lehle
- University of Regensburg, Germany
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A novel glycosylation phenotype expressed by Lec23, a Chinese hamster ovary mutant deficient in alpha-glucosidase I. J Biol Chem 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)54427-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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12
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Ohta M, Hamako J, Yamamoto S, Hatta H, Kim M, Yamamoto T, Oka S, Mizuochi T, Matsuura F. Structures of asparagine-linked oligosaccharides from hen egg-yolk antibody (IgY). Occurrence of unusual glucosylated oligo-mannose type oligosaccharides in a mature glycoprotein. Glycoconj J 1991; 8:400-13. [PMID: 1841682 DOI: 10.1007/bf00731292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Asparagine-linked oligosaccharides present on hen egg-yolk immunoglobulin, termed IgY, were liberated from the protein by hydrazinolysis. After N-acetylation, the oligosaccharides were labelled with a UV-absorbing compound, p-aminobenzoic acid ethyl ester (ABEE). The ABEE-derivatized oligosaccharides were fractionated by anion exchange, normal phase and reversed phase HPLC, and their structures were determined by a combination of sugar composition analysis, methylation analysis, negative ion FAB-MS, 500 MHz 1H-NMR and sequential exoglycosidase digestions. IgY contained monoglucosylated oligomannose type oligosaccharides with structures of Glc alpha 1-3Man7-9-GlcNAc-GlcNAc, oligomannose type oligosaccharides with the size range of Man5-9GlcNAc-GlcNAc, and biantennary complex type oligosaccharides with core region structure of Man alpha 1-6(+/- GlcNAc beta 1-4)(Man alpha 1-3)Man beta 1-4GlcNAc beta 1-4(+/- Fuc alpha 1-6)GlcNAc. The glucosylated oligosaccharides, Glc1Man8GlcNAc2 and Glc1Man7GlcNAc2, have not previously been reported in mature glycoproteins from any source.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ohta
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Fukuyama University, Hiroshima, Japan
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Verostek MF, Atkinson PH, Trimble RB. Structure of Saccharomyces cerevisiae alg3, sec18 mutant oligosaccharides. J Biol Chem 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)67629-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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15
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Sareneva H, Makarow M. Membrane biology in yeast as probed with enveloped viruses. Subcell Biochem 1989; 15:367-404. [PMID: 2508276 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4899-1675-4_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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16
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De Waard P, Kamerling JP, Van Halbeek H, Vliegenthart JF, Broertjes JJ. Characterization of N-linked gluco-oligomannose type of carbohydrate chains of glycoproteins from the ovary of the starfish Asterias rubens (L.). EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1987; 168:679-85. [PMID: 3665939 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1987.tb13469.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Glycoproteins were isolated from the ovary of the starfish Asterias rubens (L.). After delipidation, sugar analysis revealed the presence of mannose, glucose and N-acetylglucosamine in a molar ratio of 9.0:1.3:2.3. Subsequently, hydrazinolysis, re-N-acetylation, reduction and high-voltage paper electrophoresis were carried out, resulting in a mixture of neutral oligosaccharide alditols which was fractionated on Bio-Gel P-4. The alditols, investigated by 500-MHz 1H-NMR spectroscopy, turned out to be of the oligomannose type or of the gluco-oligomannose type containing 9 mannose and 1-3 glucose residues. The most abundant compounds were established to be: (Formula: see text) and (Formula: see text).
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Affiliation(s)
- P De Waard
- Department of Bio-Organic Chemistry, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
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17
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Ronin C, van Halbeek H, Mutsaers JGM, Vliegenthart JFG. Isolation and1H-NMR spectroscopic identification of the glucose-containing lipid-linked precursor oligosaccharide ofN-linked carbohydrate chains. Glycoconj J 1987. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01048430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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19
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A new yeast mutation in the glucosylation steps of the asparagine-linked glycosylation pathway. Formation of a novel asparagine-linked oligosaccharide containing two glucose residues. J Biol Chem 1986. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)66754-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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20
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Structure of yeast external invertase Man8-14GlcNAc processing intermediates by 500-megahertz 1H NMR spectroscopy. J Biol Chem 1986. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)67588-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Ballou L, Gopal P, Krummel B, Tammi M, Ballou CE. A mutation that prevents glucosylation of the lipid-linked oligosaccharide precursor leads to underglycosylation of secreted yeast invertase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1986; 83:3081-5. [PMID: 3517849 PMCID: PMC323456 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.83.10.3081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with the genotype mnn1 mnn2 mnn9 gls1 synthesizes mannoproteins with oligosaccharides having the composition Glc3Man10Glc-NAc2- owing to the mnn9 defect, which prevents synthesis of the outer chain, the mnn1 defect, which prevents branching of the core, and the gls1 mutation, which prevents deglucosylation of the resultant glycoprotein as a consequence of a defective glucosidase-I [Tsai, P.-K., Ballou, L., Esmon, B., Schekman, R. & Ballou, C. E. (1984) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 81, 6340-6343]. (The mnn2 defect is not expressed in presence of the mnn9 mutation.) This strain spontaneously forms new colonies in which gls1 is suppressed owing to a defect in synthesis of dolichol phosphoglucose, the glucosylation substrate. The new mutant, designated mnn1 mnn2 mnn9 gls1 dpg1, synthesizes and secretes invertase (EC 3.2.1.26) that has a higher mobility on native gel electrophoresis than that made by the parent strain, the consequence of a reduction in both the size and the number of carbohydrate chains. The mannoprotein chains have the mnn1 mnn9 structure (Man10Glc-NAc2-), and the invertase is resolved by gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate into two major and two minor bands that represent homologs with about 4-7 carbohydrate units, in contrast to about 8-11 chains in the parent strain. Thus, the inability to glucosylate the lipid-linked precursor reduces the efficiency of glycosylation of the protein chains. The genetic defect is in synthesis of the glucose donor dolichol phosphoglucose, but the mutation is nonallelic with the reported alg5-1 mutation, which has a similar phenotype [Runge, K. W., Huffaker, T. C. & Robbins, P. W. (1984) J. Biol. Chem. 259, 412-417].
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