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Giorgetta C, Strappini F, Capuozzo A, Evangelista E, Magno A, Castelfranchi C, Mancini F. Guilt, shame, and embarrassment: similar or different emotions? A comparison between Italians and Americans. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1260396. [PMID: 38192392 PMCID: PMC10773588 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1260396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Guilt, shame, and embarrassment represent affective experiences with social implications and diverse self-relevant negative affect. While the distinction between these emotion terms has been extensively investigated, little is known about how they diverge and are related to each other and their crosscultural differences. Methods Here, we used a community sample (N = 163) comprised of Americans and Italians and a scenario-based measure in which we asked participants to report the intensity of emotions that the story's main character would feel. The elements used to build the scenarios were based on a recent theoretical approach that proposes distinguishing cognitive, somatic, interoceptive, and behavioral ingredients to differentiate between these emotions. We hypothesized that these ingredients might effectively elicit the target emotions and that the main differences across these cultures would be associated with the emotion terms of shame/vergogna. Results Our findings suggest that these defining elements are effective in evoking experiences of guilt, shame, and embarrassment. Moreover, we found that shame was equally elicited by the Shame and Guilt Scenarios only in the American sample, thus suggesting a proximity between shame and guilt in the American sample compared to the Italian's terms of vergogna and colpa. Discussion These results suggest important implications for the psychology of moral emotions and highlight the importance of taking into account some cognitive factors, such as the quality of self-evaluation, the discrepancy between the actual self and the ideal self vs. the sense of perceived responsibility, and the different domains related to self-esteem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Giorgetta
- Schools of Cognitive Psychotherapy (APC-SPC), Rome, Italy
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, DipSCo, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Francesca Strappini
- Schools of Cognitive Psychotherapy (APC-SPC), Rome, Italy
- Department of Philosophy and Communication, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Elisa Evangelista
- Schools of Cognitive Psychotherapy (APC-SPC), Rome, Italy
- Neuromotor and Cognitive Rehabilitation Research Center, Section of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Cristiano Castelfranchi
- Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, National Research Council of Italy, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Mancini
- Schools of Cognitive Psychotherapy (APC-SPC), Rome, Italy
- Department of Human Sciences, Università Degli Studi Guglielmo Marconi, Rome, Italy
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Levine S, Rottman J, Davis T, O'Neill E, Stich S, Machery E. Religious Affiliation and Conceptions of the Moral Domain. SOCIAL COGNITION 2021. [DOI: 10.1521/soco.2021.39.1.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
What is the relationship between religious affiliation and conceptions of the moral domain? Putting aside the question of whether people from different religions agree about how to answer moral questions, here we investigate a more fundamental question: How much disagreement is there across religions about which issues count as moral in the first place? That is, do people from different religions conceptualize the scope of morality differently? Using a new methodology to map out how individuals conceive of the moral domain, we find dramatic differences among adherents of different religions. Mormon and Muslim participants moralized their religious norms, while Jewish participants did not. Hindu participants in our sample did not seem to make a moral/non-moral distinction of the same kind. These results suggest a profound relationship between religious affiliation and conceptions of the scope of the moral domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney Levine
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Harvard University
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Trnka R, Poláčková Šolcová I, Tavel P. Components of cultural complexity relating to emotions: A conceptual framework. NEW IDEAS IN PSYCHOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.newideapsych.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Oedegaard CH, Berk L, Berk M, Youngstrom EA, Dilsaver SC, Belmaker RH, Oedegaard KJ, Fasmer OB, Engebretsen IM. An ISBD perspective on the sociocultural challenges of managing bipolar disorder: A content analysis. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2016; 50:1096-1103. [PMID: 27742913 DOI: 10.1177/0004867416668790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Clinical management of bipolar disorder patients might be affected by culture and is further dependent on the context of healthcare delivery. There is a need to understand how healthcare best can be delivered in various systems and cultures. The objective of this qualitative study was to gain knowledge about culture-specific values, beliefs and practices in the medical care provided to patients with bipolar disorders from a provider perspective in various areas of the world. SAMPLING AND METHODS The International Society for Bipolar Disorders (ISBD) network provided the framework for this qualitative study. An electronic interview with open-ended questions was administered to 19 international experts on bipolar spectrum disorder representing the International Society for Bipolar Disorders chapter network in 16 countries and six continents. In addition, there were two in-depth interviews with bipolar spectrum disorder experts done prior to the survey. The data were analysed using content analysis, and the information was structured using the software NVivo by QSR International Pty Ltd. FINDINGS All participants described sociocultural factors as important in healthcare delivery to bipolar patients in their part of the world, both in accessing healthcare and in providing culturally appropriate care. Factors that affected the provider's ability to supply good clinical management of patients were access to treatment options and long-term follow-up, as well as general strategies to combat stigma. In some societies, the patients' use of alternative treatments, gender issues and religion were also important factors. Understanding the impact of such culturally specific factors was overall regarded as essential for proper treatment interventions. CONCLUSION Sociocultural factors clearly affect the nature and quality of medical services delivered to bipolar patients. Financial, social and cultural factors affect patients' health-seeking behaviour, and this highlights the need for knowledge about such factors in order to adequately identify and treat bipolar patients globally. Culturally adapted training and psychoeducation programmes are particularly warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine H Oedegaard
- Global Mental Health Research Group (GMHRG), Centre for International Health, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Lesley Berk
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.,Melbourne School of Population and Global Health and Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael Berk
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.,Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health and the Centre for Youth Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Eric A Youngstrom
- Department of Psychology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Robert H Belmaker
- Beersheva Mental Health Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Ketil J Oedegaard
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Norway .,Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ole B Fasmer
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Norway.,Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ingunn M Engebretsen
- Global Mental Health Research Group (GMHRG), Centre for International Health, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Norway
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Grimm SD, Church AT, Katigbak MS, Reyes JAS. Self-Described Traits, Values, and Moods Associated with Individualism and Collectivism. JOURNAL OF CROSS-CULTURAL PSYCHOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0022022199030004005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The authors tested individualism-collectivism (I-C) theory by comparing self-described traits, values, and moods of students in individualistic (U.S., n = 660) and collectivistic (Philippine, n = 656) cultures and in students within these cultures varying in individualism and collectivism. They also examined the cross-cultural generalizability of factor dimensions derived with Hui’s I-C measure. U.S. and Philippine students’ selfdescriptions of their personality traits, valued traits, general values, and moods generally differed in ways predicted by I-C theory. However, in comparing individualistic and collectivistic students within the two cultures, the U.S. results conformed more consistently to I-C theory than did the Philippine results. The cross-cultural comparability of the I-C factor dimensions was fair at best.
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Rodríguez C, Church AT. The Structure And Personality Correlates Of Affect In Mexico. JOURNAL OF CROSS-CULTURAL PSYCHOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0022022102250247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The structure and personality correlates of affect were studied in a sample of 351 predominantly Mexican university students using a large and representative list of 271 Spanish affect terms and a Spanish translation of the Big Five personality dimensions. Results were compared with those obtained previously in the United States, the Philippines, and Estonia. We found (a) good support for the cross-cultural comparability of global Positive Affect (PA) and Negative Affect (NA) dimensions and the hierarchical structure of affect; (b) cross-cultural similarities, but also differences, in the configuration of more specific positive and negative affects; and (c) fairly comparable patterns of relationships across cultures between the Big Five dimensions of personality and the Big Two dimensions of affect (PA, NA). Most of these results were more consistent with evolutionary biological perspectives on personality and affect than strong social constructivist perspectives.
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Takehara T, Ochiai F, Suzuki N. Scaling laws in emotion-associated words and corresponding network topology. Cogn Process 2014; 16:151-63. [PMID: 25399403 DOI: 10.1007/s10339-014-0643-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We investigated whether scaling laws were present in the appearance-frequency distribution of emotion-associated words and determined whether the network constructed from those words had small-world or scale-free properties. Over 1,400 participants were asked to write down the first single noun that came to mind in response to nine emotional cue words, resulting in a total of 12,556 responses. We identified Zipf's law in the distribution of the data, as the slopes of the regression lines reached approximately -1.0 in the appearance frequencies for each emotional cue word. This suggested that the emotion-associated words had a clear regularity, were not randomly generated, were scale-invariant, and were influenced by unification/diversification forces. Thus, we predicted that the emotional intensity of the words might play an important role for a Zipf's law. Moreover, we also found that the 1-mode network of emotion-associated words clearly had small-world properties in terms of the network topologies of clustering, average distance, and small-worldness value, indicating that all nodes (words) were highly interconnected with each other and were only a few short steps apart. Furthermore, the data suggested the possibility of a scale-free property. Interestingly, we were able to identify hub words with neutral emotional content, such as 'dog', 'woman', and 'face', indicating that these neutral words might be an intermediary between words with conflicting emotional valence. Additionally, efficiency and optimal navigation in terms of complex networks were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Takehara
- Department of Psychology, Doshisha University, 1-3 Tatara-miyakodani, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, 610-0394, Japan,
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Event extraction using behaviors of sentiment signals and burst structure in social media. Knowl Inf Syst 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10115-012-0494-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Spackman MP, Gerrod Parrott W. Emotionology in prose: A study of descriptions of emotions from three literary periods. Cogn Emot 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/02699930126135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Hurtado de Mendoza A, Fernández-Dols JM, Parrott WG, Carrera P. Emotion terms, category structure, and the problem of translation: The case ofshameandvergüenza. Cogn Emot 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/02699930902958255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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What is an academic emotion? Insights from Filipino bilingual students’ emotion words associated with learning. PSYCHOLOGICAL STUDIES 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s12646-009-0004-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Imperio SM, Church AT, Katigbak MS, Reyes JAS. Lexical Studies of Filipino Person Descriptors: Adding Personality-Relevant Social and Physical Attributes. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2008; 22:291-321. [PMID: 19779603 DOI: 10.1002/per.673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Lexical studies have focused on traits. In the Filipino language, we investigated whether additional dimensions can be identified when personality-relevant terms for social roles, statuses, and effects, plus physical attributes, are included. Filipino students (N = 496) rated themselves on 268 such terms, plus 253 markers of trait and evaluative dimensions. We identified 10 dimensions of social and physical attributes-Prominence, Uselessness, Attractiveness, Respectability, Uniqueness, Destructiveness, Presentableness, Strength, Dangerousness, and Charisma. Most of these dimensions did not correspond in a one-to-one manner to Filipino or alternative trait models (Big Five, HEXACO, ML7). However, considerable redundancy was observed between the social and physical attribute dimensions and trait and evaluative dimensions. Thus, social and physical attributes communicate information about personality traits, and vice-versa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shellah Myra Imperio
- Department of Educational Leadership and Counseling Psychology, Washington State University
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Church AT, Katigbak MS. Indigenization of psychology in the Philippines. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2002. [DOI: 10.1080/00207590143000315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Fontaine JR, Poortinga YH, Setiadi B, Markam SS. Cognitive structure of emotion terms in Indonesia and The Netherlands. Cogn Emot 2002. [DOI: 10.1080/02699933014000130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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