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Caleb JTD, Parag A, Datta-Roy A. A new species of the genus Siler Simon, 1889 (Araneae, Salticidae, Chrysillini) from India. ZOOSYST EVOL 2023. [DOI: 10.3897/zse.99.99285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
A new chrysilline jumping spider species belonging to the genus Siler Simon, 1889 is described from Odisha, India. Detailed morphological descriptions, illustrations of the male palp and female genitalia and phylogenetic relationships of the new Siler species are presented. Phylogenetic analysis reveals that the new species is sister to a clade of predominantly Southeast Asian Siler species. Furthermore, the results indicate the presence of multiple cryptic species masquerading as S. semiglaucussensu lato. We also briefly discuss some unique behavioural observations on the newly-described species.
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Fischer A, Lee Y, Dong T, Gries G. Know your foe: synanthropic spiders are deterred by semiochemicals of European fire ants. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2021; 8:210279. [PMID: 34017604 PMCID: PMC8131949 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.210279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Many ants prey on spiders, suggesting that web-building spiders may avoid micro-locations near ant colonies or frequented by foraging ants. Here we tested the hypothesis that ant-derived semiochemicals deter synanthropic spiders. To generate stimuli, we exposed filter paper for 12 h to workers of European fire ants, Myrmica rubra, black garden ants, Lasius niger, or western carpenter ants, Camponotus modoc, and then offered select urban spiders in three-chamber olfactometer bioassays a choice between ant-exposed filter paper and unexposed control filter paper. Semiochemical deposits of M. rubra, but not of L. niger or C. modoc, had a significant deterrent effect on subadults of the false black widow, Steatoda grossa, the black widow, Latrodectus hesperus, and the hobo spider, Eratigena agrestis, as well as a moderate (but statistically not significant) deterrent effect on the cross spider, Araneus diadematus. The deterrent effect caused by semiochemical deposits of M. rubra may be attributable to the aggressive nature and efficient foraging of M. rubra in its invaded North American range, exerting selection pressure on community members to recognize M. rubra semiochemicals and to avoid micro-locations occupied by M. rubra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Fischer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Yerin Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - T'ea Dong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Gerhard Gries
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Líznarová E, Pekár S. Metabolic specialisation on preferred prey and constraints in the utilisation of alternative prey in an ant-eating spider. ZOOLOGY 2016; 119:464-470. [DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Ramesh A, Vijayan S, Sreedharan S, Somanathan H, Uma D. Similar yet different: differential response of a praying mantis to ant-mimicking spiders. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aparajitha Ramesh
- School of Biology; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram; Thiruvananthapuram Kerala 695016 India
| | - Sajesh Vijayan
- School of Biology; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram; Thiruvananthapuram Kerala 695016 India
| | - Sreethin Sreedharan
- School of Biology; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram; Thiruvananthapuram Kerala 695016 India
| | - Hema Somanathan
- School of Biology; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram; Thiruvananthapuram Kerala 695016 India
| | - Divya Uma
- School of Biology; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram; Thiruvananthapuram Kerala 695016 India
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Hénaut Y, Corbara B, Pélozuelo L, Azémar F, Céréghino R, Herault B, Dejean A. A Tank Bromeliad Favors Spider Presence in a Neotropical Inundated Forest. PLoS One 2014; 9:e114592. [PMID: 25494055 PMCID: PMC4262423 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tank bromeliads are good models for understanding how climate change may affect biotic associations. We studied the relationships between spiders, the epiphytic tank bromeliad, Aechmea bracteata, and its associated ants in an inundated forest in Quintana Roo, Mexico, during a drought period while, exceptionally, this forest was dry and then during the flooding that followed. We compared spider abundance and diversity between 'Aechmea-areas' and 'control-areas' of the same surface area. We recorded six spider families: the Dipluridae, Ctenidae, Salticidae, Araneidae, Tetragnathidae and Linyphiidae among which the funnel-web tarantula, Ischnothele caudata, the only Dipluridae noted, was the most abundant. During the drought period, the spiders were more numerous in the Aechmea-areas than in the control-areas, but they were not obligatorily associated with the Aechmea. During the subsequent flooding, the spiders were concentrated in the A. bracteata patches, particularly those sheltering an ant colony. Also, a kind of specificity existed between certain spider taxa and ant species, but varied between the drought period and subsequent flooding. We conclude that climatic events modulate the relationship between A. bracteata patches and their associated fauna. Tank bromeliads, previously considered only for their ecological importance in supplying food and water during drought, may also be considered refuges for spiders during flooding. More generally, tank bromeliads have an important role in preserving non-specialized fauna in inundated forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Hénaut
- El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Departamento de Conservación de la Biodiversidad, Quintana Roo, Chetumal, Mexico
| | - Bruno Corbara
- Université Blaise Pascal, Laboratoire Microorganismes, Génome et Environnement, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 6023, Université Blaise Pascal, Aubière, France
| | - Laurent Pélozuelo
- Université Paul Sabatier, Laboratoire Écologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, Toulouse, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5245, Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, Toulouse, France
| | - Frédéric Azémar
- Université Paul Sabatier, Laboratoire Écologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, Toulouse, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5245, Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, Toulouse, France
| | - Régis Céréghino
- Université Paul Sabatier, Laboratoire Écologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, Toulouse, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5245, Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, Toulouse, France
| | - Bruno Herault
- Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement, Unité Mixte de Recherche 93, Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane, Campus Agronomique, Kourou, France
| | - Alain Dejean
- Université Paul Sabatier, Laboratoire Écologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, Toulouse, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5245, Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, Toulouse, France
- Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane, Campus agronomique, Kourou, France
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Pekár S, Toft S. Trophic specialisation in a predatory group: the case of prey-specialised spiders (Araneae). Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2014; 90:744-61. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Revised: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stano Pekár
- Department of Botany & Zoology; Faculty of Science, Masaryk University; Kotlářská 2 611 37 Brno Czech Republic
| | - Søren Toft
- Department of Bioscience; University of Aarhus; Ny Munkegade 116 DK-8000 Aarhus C Denmark
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Timid spider uses odor and visual cues to actively select protected nesting sites near ants. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-014-1690-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Uma D, Durkee C, Herzner G, Weiss M. Double deception: ant-mimicking spiders elude both visually- and chemically-oriented predators. PLoS One 2013; 8:e79660. [PMID: 24236152 PMCID: PMC3827452 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological mimicry is often multimodal, in that a mimic reinforces its resemblance to another organism via different kinds of signals that can be perceived by a specific target audience. In this paper we describe a novel scenario, in which a mimic deceives at least two distinct audiences, each of which relies primarily on a different sensory modality for decision-making. We have previously shown that Peckhamia picata, a myrmecomorphic spider that morphologically and behaviorally resembles the ant Camponotus nearcticus, experiences reduced predation by visually-oriented jumping spiders. Here we report that Peckhamia also faces reduced aggression from spider-hunting sphecid wasps as well as from its model ant, both of which use chemical cues to identify prey. We also report that Peckhamia does not chemically resemble its model ants, and that its total cuticular hydrocarbons are significantly lower than those of the ants and non-mimic spiders. Although further studies are needed to clarify the basis of Peckhamia's chemically-mediated protection, to our knowledge, such ‘double deception,’ in which a single organism sends misleading visual cues to one set of predators while chemically misleading another set, has not been reported; however, it is likely to be common among what have until now been considered purely visual mimics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Uma
- Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, D. C., United States of America ; School of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Trivandrum, India
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Marín L, Perfecto I. Spider diversity in coffee agroecosystems: the influence of agricultural intensification and aggressive ants. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2013; 42:204-213. [PMID: 23575009 DOI: 10.1603/en11223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Spiders are a very diverse group of invertebrate predators found in agroecosystems and natural systems. However, spider distribution, abundance, and eventually their ecological function in ecosystems can be influenced by abiotic and biotic factors such as agricultural intensification and dominant ants. Here we explore the influence of both agricultural intensification and the dominant arboreal ant Azteca instabilis on the spider community in coffee agroecosystems in southern Mexico. To measure the influence of the arboreal ant Azteca instabilis (F. Smith) on the spider community inhabiting the coffee layer of coffee agroecosystems, spiders were collected from coffee plants that were and were not patrolled by the ant in sites differing in agricultural intensification. For 2008, generalized linear mixed models showed that spider diversity was affected positively by agricultural intensification but not by the ant. However, results suggested that some spider species were associated with A. instabilis. Therefore, in 2009 we concentrated our research on the effect of A. instabilis on spider diversity and composition. For 2009, generalized linear mixed models show that spider richness and abundance per plant were significantly higher in the presence of A. instabilis. In addition, analyses of visual counts of insects and sticky traps data show that more resources were present in plants patrolled by the ant. The positive effect of A. instabilis on spiders seems to be caused by at least two mechanisms: high abundance of insects and protection against predators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Marín
- School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1041, USA.
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Huang JN, Cheng RC, Li D, Tso IM. Salticid predation as one potential driving force of ant mimicry in jumping spiders. Proc Biol Sci 2011; 278:1356-64. [PMID: 20961898 PMCID: PMC3061141 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2010.1896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2010] [Accepted: 09/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Many spiders possess myrmecomorphy, and species of the jumping spider genus Myrmarachne exhibit nearly perfect ant mimicry. Most salticids are diurnal predators with unusually high visual acuity that prey on various arthropods, including conspecifics. In this study, we tested whether predation pressure from large jumping spiders is one possible driving force of perfect ant mimicry in jumping spiders. The results showed that small non-ant-mimicking jumping spiders were readily treated as prey by large ones (no matter whether heterospecific or conspecific) and suffered high attack and mortality rates. The size difference between small and large jumping spiders significantly affected the outcomes of predatory interactions between them: the smaller the juvenile jumping spiders, the higher the predation risk from large ones. The attack and mortality rates of ant-mimicking jumping spiders were significantly lower than those of non-ant-mimicking jumping spiders, indicating that a resemblance to ants could provide protection against salticid predation. However, results of multivariate behavioural analyses showed that the responses of large jumping spiders to ants and ant-mimicking salticids differed significantly. Results of this study indicate that predation pressure from large jumping spiders might be one selection force driving the evolution of nearly perfect myrmecomorphy in spiders and other arthropods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Nan Huang
- Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, Taichung 40704, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ren-Chung Cheng
- Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, Taichung 40704, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Daiqin Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - I-Min Tso
- Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, Taichung 40704, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Center for Tropical Ecology and Biodiversity, Tunghai University, Taichung 40704, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Nelson XJ, Jackson RR. Complex display behaviour during the intraspecific interactions of myrmecomorphic jumping spiders (Araneae, Salticidae). J NAT HIST 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/00222930701450504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ximena J. Nelson
- a School of Biological Sciences , University of Canterbury , Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Robert R. Jackson
- a School of Biological Sciences , University of Canterbury , Christchurch, New Zealand
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Nelson XJ, Jackson RR. Aggressive use of Batesian mimicry by an ant-like jumping spider. Biol Lett 2009; 5:755-7. [PMID: 19570776 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2009.0355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Batesian and aggressive mimicry are united by deceit: Batesian mimics deceive predators and aggressive mimics deceive prey. This distinction is blurred by Myrmarachne melanotarsa, an ant-like jumping spider (Salticidae). Besides often preying on salticids, ants are well defended against most salticids that might target them as potential prey. Earlier studies have shown that salticids identify ants by their distinctive appearance and avoid them. They also avoid ant-like salticids from the genus Myrmarachne. Myrmarachne melanotarsa is an unusual species from this genus because it typically preys on the eggs and juveniles of ant-averse salticid species. The hypothesis considered here is that, for M. melanotarsa, the distinction between Batesian and aggressive mimicry is blurred. We tested this by placing female Menemerus sp. and their associated hatchling within visual range of M. melanotarsa, its model, and various non-ant-like arthropods. Menemerus is an ant-averse salticid species. When seeing ants or ant mimics, Menemerus females abandoned their broods more frequently than when seeing non-ant-like arthropods or in control tests (no arthropods visible), as predicted by our hypothesis that resembling ants functions as a predatory ploy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximena J Nelson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand.
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Nelson XJ, Jackson RR. The influence of ants on the mating strategy of a myrmecophilic jumping spider (Araneae, Salticidae). J NAT HIST 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/00222930802610469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Ceccarelli FS. Ant-mimicking spider, Myrmarachne species (Araneae:Salticidae), distinguishes its model, the green ant, Oecophylla smaragdina, from a sympatric Batesian O. smaragdina mimic, Riptortus serripes (Hemiptera:Alydidae). AUST J ZOOL 2009. [DOI: 10.1071/zo08014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In north Queensland, Australia, the alydid bug Riptortus serripes and the undescribed salticid spider Myrmarachne sp. F are co-occurring visual Batesian mimics of the green tree ant Oecophylla smaragdina. Myrmarachne sp. F lives near ant nests and avoids contact with aggressive worker ants, suggesting that, like other salticids, it can distinguish visually between prey, mates and rivals. An experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that Myrmarachne sp. F can distinguish O. smaragdina from its visual mimic, R. serripes. Individual spiders were exposed to individuals of O. smaragdina, R. serripes or a control hemipteran and their interactions video-recorded. For each encounter, the animals’ initial motion and distance apart were recorded, and the spider’s response was categorised. These experiments revealed that Myrmarachne sp. F responded differently to the various species, ‘avoiding’ the ant more frequently than the bug. Further tests are needed to determine whether the spider’s differing reactions to the two species are due to visual or other cues.
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NELSON XIMENAJ, JACKSON ROBERTR. Anti-predator crèches and aggregations of ant-mimicking jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae). Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2008.01006.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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NELSON XIMENAJ, JACKSON ROBERTR, LI DAIQIN, BARRION ALBERTOT, EDWARDS GB. Innate aversion to ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and ant mimics: experimental findings from mantises (Mantodea). Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2006.00598.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Nelson XJ, Li D, Jackson RR. Out of the Frying Pan and into the Fire: a Novel Trade-Off for Batesian Mimics. Ethology 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0310.2006.01155.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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