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Mills AH, Canning L, Fitzke RE, Davis JP, Clapp JD, Pedersen ER. Sexual Violence Victimization and Pregaming Protective Behavioral Strategies Among College Students. Subst Use Misuse 2024:1-7. [PMID: 39138840 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2024.2383975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sexual violence is a major public health concern that has a detrimental impact on mental health, physical health, and academic performance. College students represent a population that is at an increased risk of experiencing sexual violence. Alcohol use, and more specifically, heavy drinking during pregaming events, is associated with increased risk of sexual violence. Studies have demonstrated that protective behavioral strategies have effectively reduced heavy drinking and the risk of alcohol-related consequences, including sexual violence victimization. OBJECTIVES This study aims to examine the association between experiences of sexual violence in college and subsequent use of pregaming protective strategies. RESULTS Data from 468 college students (67% female, 33% male) were analyzed. Over 42% of participants reported experiencing sexual violence in college. While adjusting for pregaming frequency and sex, results revealed that those who reported experiencing sexual violence in college were significantly less likely to use pregaming protective behavioral strategies compared to those without such experiences. Specifically, survivors of sexual violence were less likely to report using the protective behavioral strategies of minimizing intoxication, as well as behaviors related to safety and familiarity (e.g., using a designated driver after pregaming). CONCLUSIONS The findings have important implications for interventions aimed at empowering survivors of sexual violence. Future research should focus on understanding survivor's motives and mechanisms to use pregaming protective behavioral strategies to reduce the risk of re-victimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra H Mills
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Liv Canning
- Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Reagan E Fitzke
- Department of Psychiatry and the Behavioral Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jordan P Davis
- Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - John D Clapp
- Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Eric R Pedersen
- Department of Psychiatry and the Behavioral Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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2
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McCollum DC, Smathers SE, Sullivan T, Jowaheer Y, Mereish EH. Associations among intimate partner violence, suicidal ideation, suicide behaviors, non-suicidal self-injury, and psychological well-being in Black American emerging adults. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2024. [PMID: 38860444 DOI: 10.1111/sltb.13102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicidal ideation and behavior and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) among Black emerging adults is a major public health concern. Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a significant risk factor for suicidal ideation and behavior and NSSI, but there is little work examining the buffering effect of psychological well-being (PWB). The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between IPV, suicide ideation and behavior, and NSSI, and the moderating role of PWB on these associations. METHOD Secondary data analyses were conducted using a subsample of Black American emerging adults (N = 4694) from the National College Health Assessment. RESULTS IPV was associated with greater odds of suicide ideation, past-year suicide attempt, and NSSI. PWB was associated with lower odds of suicide ideation, past-year suicide attempt, and NSSI. PWB did not moderate the relationships between IPV and the outcomes. CONCLUSIONS IPV was a risk factor for suicidal ideation, suicide attempt, and NSSI among Black American emerging adults. PWB was associated with lower suicidal ideation and behavior and NSSI engagement, suggesting it can be a protective factor. Bolstering PWB in Black communities may be beneficial in intervention and prevention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diamonde C McCollum
- Psychological Sciences Department, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, Kentucky, USA
| | - Steven E Smathers
- Department of Psychology, American University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Tara Sullivan
- Lavender Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Yajna Jowaheer
- Department of Psychology, American University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Ethan H Mereish
- Lavender Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
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3
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Beltran VM, Beckstead J. Creation of a sexual risk index from the American College Health Association-National College Health Assessment (ACHA-NCHA) III to compare nontraditional and traditional student sexual risk. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38743875 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2024.2351425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the utility of a novel sexual risk index (SRI) to better use National College Health Assessment (NCHA) sexual health-related questions. METHODS The first phase included discussions, testing, and recoding of the initial set of items. In the second phase, a correlation analysis was run; items were systematically removed to achieve a Cronbach's alpha of .714. RESULTS All currently enrolled students in Spring 2020 at medium-sized, 4-year public university in Florida were recruited (n = 4,850) for the NCHA. Of the 441 total respondents, 223 students were included in the SRI analyses. Most had very low SRI scores, indicating few sexual risks. Nontraditional students were half as likely to experience academic challenges as compared to traditional students (TS; OR = .487, p = .033), while increasing SRI scores (OR = 1.182, p = .022) and decreasing GPA scores (OR = -1.975, p < .001) were associated with an increased likelihood of self-reporting academic challenges. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest high utility and reliability of the SRI. The use of the SRI provides a better overall picture of sexual risk-taking through a score rather than comparison of individual NCHA items.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria M Beltran
- College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Jason Beckstead
- College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
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4
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Geppert AB, Shah AH, Hirsch JS. "Hardly Able to Move, Much Less Open a Book": A Systematic Review of the Impact of Sexual and Gender-Based Violence Victimization on Educational Trajectories. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2024; 25:1129-1149. [PMID: 37232565 DOI: 10.1177/15248380231173430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) is a highly prevalent issue, both in North America and globally, with well-recognized adverse impact on survivors' physical, emotional, and economic well-being. The objective of this systematic review is to collect and synthesize empirical work on the effects of SGBV victimization on educational trajectories, goals, attainment, and outcomes. The review summarizes what is known about factors associated with victimization that affect survivors' educational trajectories and highlights gaps in the literature pertaining to the effects of victimization on education. Five databases were searched for this review: Web of Science, Sociological Abstracts, PubMed, APA PsycInfo, and ERIC. For inclusion, the articles must present research on the academic impact of any form of SGBV experienced in higher education and must have been conducted in the United States or Canada. The 68 studies that met these criteria presented research on six key areas of educational outcomes: impacts on academic performance and motivation; attendance, dropout, and avoidance; changes in major/field of study; academic disengagement; educational attitudes and satisfaction; and academic climate and institutional relationships. Research also revealed factors mediating the relationship between SGBV exposure and educational outcomes such as mental health, physical health, social support, socioeconomic status, and resiliency, which we summarize in a pathway model. The research reviewed had significant limitations, including weak study designs, limited generalizability, and diversity concerns. We offer recommendations for future research on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela B Geppert
- Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aarushi H Shah
- Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jennifer S Hirsch
- Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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5
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Palmer ML, Keilholtz BM, Vail SL, Spencer CM. The relationship between emotional intimate partner violence and other forms of violence: A metaanalytic review. FAMILY PROCESS 2024. [PMID: 38506141 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
The present study aimed to explore the relationship between emotional intimate partner violence (IPV) and different forms of violence (e.g., stalking perpetration and victimization, physical IPV perpetration and victimization, sexual IPV perpetration and victimization, and controlling behaviors) using a meta-analysis. Data from 188 studies, yielding 382 effect sizes, were used to compare the strength of correlates for IPV victimization versus perpetration, as well as gendered results. This meta-analysis found, in order of strength, controlling behaviors victimization, physical IPV victimization, physical IPV perpetration, sexual IPV victimization, stalking victimization, and sexual IPV perpetration were significantly associated with emotional IPV victimization. The meta-analysis also found, in order of strength, emotional IPV perpetration was positively associated with stalking perpetration, physical IPV perpetration, causing injury to a partner, controlling behaviors victimization, sexual IPV perpetration, physical IPV victimization, controlling behaviors perpetration, and sexual IPV victimization. This study found limited significant differences around gender, with physical IPV victimization approaching significance for emotional IPV perpetration for women. The current study highlights the implications associated with early assessment and intervention in cases of IPV.
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Olson R, Lehman J, Mejia A, Ojeikhodion R, Osiecki K, Kathambi E, Kati SS, Randolph A. Just in case: undergraduate students identifying and mitigating barriers to their sexual and reproductive health needs. BMC Womens Health 2024; 24:96. [PMID: 38321420 PMCID: PMC10845645 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-023-02854-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many U.S. colleges and universities offer access to a healthcare center that provides sexual and reproductive health (SRH) resources, services, and products. The importance of health centers in college and university settings in reducing sexual health disparities in student populations cannot be stressed enough. This article evaluates a student-led, mutual-aid, grassroots health promotion strategy for students with limited access to healthcare services, supplies, and tools via an anonymous and discrete distribution of SRH resources without charge. METHODS In partnership with faculty, undergraduate students worked to address their school's unmet SRH needs by increasing on-campus access to comprehensive, evidence-based, and sex-positive resources. Referred to as Just in Case, this student-led, grassroots health promotion program provided students with supply kits containing contraceptives, sexual health wellness products, basic hygiene supplies, and education materials. Students were surveyed in a pre- (n = 95) post- (n = 73) pilot study to identify contraception acquisition barriers, discern perceptions of on-campus SRH resources, and elucidate trends in this program's use and impact. Chi-square tests of independence were used to compare survey group responses, and association rule mining was employed in tandem to identify SRH items that students requested. RESULTS Students identified cost and privacy as significant barriers to acquiring sexual health products on campus. Of the 182 Just in Case supply kits requested by students during the 2022-2023 academic year, condoms were requested most frequently in 75% of fulfilled kits, while emergency contraception and pregnancy tests were asked most often in 61% of kits. 50% of students reported access to contraceptives on campus before this program's implementation, growing to 75% (p < 0.001) 1 year later post-implementation. Similar jumps were observed for reported access to sexual health education (30 to 73%, p < 0.001) and services (36 to 73%, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION A student-led SRH supply and resource delivery strategy may immediately reduce SRH inequities and decrease barriers to contraceptive use for students with limited access to on-site SRH product availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Olson
- Center for Learning Innovation, University of Minnesota Rochester, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jonathan Lehman
- Community Engagement and Education (CEEd) Hub, Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain (MIDB), University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Angie Mejia
- Community Engagement and Education (CEEd) Hub, Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain (MIDB), University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | - Rachael Ojeikhodion
- Center for Learning Innovation, University of Minnesota Rochester, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Kristin Osiecki
- Center for Health Equity, Minnesota Department of Health, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Emily Kathambi
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Anita Randolph
- Community Engagement and Education (CEEd) Hub, Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain (MIDB), University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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7
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Cusano J, Wood L, Ast RS, McMahon S, Steiner JJ, Spector C. Help-seeking among college survivors of dating and sexual violence: a qualitative exploration of utilization of university-based victim services. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2024; 72:101-108. [PMID: 35113768 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2021.2024208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Study uses qualitative data to examine help-seeking decisions as well as the drivers and barriers to utilization of university-based victim services through the accounts of survivors. Participants: The current study involves the analysis of 33 semi-structured interviews that were conducted with dating and sexual violence (DSV) survivors at a large, Mid-Atlantic University who both did and did not utilize university-based victim services. Methods: Data were analyzed using a thematic analysis approach. Results: Analysis shows that while survivors of DSV undergo a process of help-seeking that is similar to those described in previous help-seeking models, there are additional factors that contribute to a reluctancy to seek services at a university-based victim services center in particular that must be accounted for in the literature. Conclusions: The findings from the current study underscore the importance of understanding the specific drivers and barriers to utilization of university-based victim services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Cusano
- School of Social Work, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Leila Wood
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Roxanna S Ast
- School of Social Work, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Sarah McMahon
- School of Social Work, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Jordan J Steiner
- School of Social Work, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Cassie Spector
- School of Social Work, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
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8
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Tarzia L, Henderson-Brooks K, Baloch S, Hegarty K. Women Higher Education Students' Experiences of Sexual Violence: A Scoping Review and Thematic Synthesis of Qualitative Studies. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2024; 25:704-720. [PMID: 37036144 PMCID: PMC10666468 DOI: 10.1177/15248380231162976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Sexual violence (SV) against women is common in higher education settings, causing serious harm to the health, well-being, and academic outcomes of victim/survivors. There have been numerous systematic reviews of the quantitative evidence on this topic, highlighting the prevalence, health impacts, and barriers and facilitators to help-seeking after SV. To date, however, qualitative research exploring the lived experience of women higher education students has not been synthesized. This scoping review and thematic synthesis of qualitative studies aims to map the global evidence on women higher education students' experiences of SV and explore how they understand and make sense of their experiences. We searched five databases (CinAHL, Academic Search Complete, Medline, PsychInfo, and SocIndex) in January 2023 for relevant articles. Eligible articles needed to be published in English and describe qualitative or mixed-methods primary research on the lived experiences of women higher education students who were victim/survivors of SV. In all, 34 articles describing 32 studies met these inclusion criteria. Thematic analysis of data extracted from the included studies suggests that, for women higher education students, the experience of SV is characterized by profound shame, with often-irreversible impacts on hopes and plans for the future. Yet, at the same time, SV is normalized and expected as a part of the "student experience." Furthermore, an imagined "specter" of "real violence" is held up as a constant comparison that serves to minimize and trivialize their experiences. These findings have important implications for higher education providers seeking to improve programs to address SV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Tarzia
- The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Family Violence Prevention, The Royal Women’s Hospital, Australia
| | | | | | - Kelsey Hegarty
- The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Family Violence Prevention, The Royal Women’s Hospital, Australia
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9
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Lietzau SB, Aiken BE, Cooney CC, Dardis CM. Social Reactions to Disclosures of Intimate Partner Stalking and Unwanted Pursuit Behaviors: Associations With PTSD, Academic Outcomes, and Empowerment. Violence Against Women 2023:10778012231209015. [PMID: 37885258 DOI: 10.1177/10778012231209015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Among college survivors of unwanted pursuit behaviors (UPBs; 40.1%, n = 189) or intimate partner stalking (IPS, i.e., UPBs causing emotional distress; 32.1%, n = 151), the present study examined effects of social reactions to disclosures on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptomatology, academic outcomes, and personal empowerment. Compared to UPB survivors, IPS survivors were more likely to disclose and reported higher positive and negative reactions to disclosure as well as greater frequency of UPBs/IPS, IPV, and PTSD symptoms. Among both groups, only negative social reactions were positively associated with PTSD symptoms. However, among IPS (but not UPB) survivors, only positive social reactions were related to academic outcomes and empowerment when controlling for PTSD and IPS frequency. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Caroline C Cooney
- Women's Health Sciences Division, National Center for PTSD, Boston, MA, USA
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
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10
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Klein LB, Dawes HC, James G, Hall WJ, Rizo CF, Potter SJ, Martin SL, Macy RJ. Sexual and Relationship Violence Among LGBTQ+ College Students: A Scoping Review. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2023; 24:2196-2209. [PMID: 35465778 DOI: 10.1177/15248380221089981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Although there has been increased attention to campus sexual and relationship violence (SRV) because of Title IX and the #MeToo movement, much of that attention has focused on victimization of cisgender heterosexual women. This scoping review uncovers information from empirical studies on what is known about LGBTQ+ (e.g., lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and nonbinary) students' experiences of campus SRV. Using rigorous scoping review methods (i.e., searches of 15 databases, searches of expert websites, hand searching, reference harvesting, and forward citation chaining), we identified 60 documents published since 2000 that contained findings from empirical studies related to LGBTQ+ students and SRV on U.S. college and university campuses. Through content analysis, we summarized findings around five key themes: (1) extent and types of victimization, (2) negative outcomes, (3) knowledge of and attitudes about SRV, (4) perspectives on SRV services and prevention education programs, and (5) recommendations from study authors based on their findings. Implications for research, practice, and policy based on these findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L B Klein
- Sandra Rosenbaum School of Social Work, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- School of Social Work, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Prevention Innovations Research Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
| | - Hayden C Dawes
- School of Social Work, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Greeshma James
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - William J Hall
- School of Social Work, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Cynthia Fraga Rizo
- School of Social Work, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sharyn J Potter
- Prevention Innovations Research Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
| | - Sandra L Martin
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Rebecca J Macy
- School of Social Work, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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11
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Schwartz J, Ginder W. NCHA variable combination as a method to undertake LGBTQ + student subpopulation analyses. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023; 71:1658-1669. [PMID: 34314647 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2021.1950730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ObjectiveCombine National Collegiate Health Assessment (NCHA) measures indicating LGBTQ + membership into a single variable in order to analyze health responses of this group as compared to their cisgender, heterosexual (cis-het) peers. Participants: Students at a liberal arts university who completed the Spring 2019 NCHA-II study (n = 1107). Methods: Four different NCHA sexual orientation and gender identification variables were combined, creating a new variable to examine the campus LGBTQ + student sub-sample as a single, complete group. That group was then compared to cis-het students across multiple variables. Results: LGBTQ + students reported statistically significant differences for key variables such as suicide attempts, suicidal ideation, and self-harm, as well as for stressors that impact academic success such as discrimination. Conclusions: This analysis indicates that the challenges campus LGBTQ + students face are much different than their cis-het peers. Support from campus community members is suggested to reduce negative impacts for these students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Schwartz
- Department of Management, Marketing, and Logistics, Georgia College and State University, Milledgeville, Georgia, USA
| | - Whitney Ginder
- Department of Management, Marketing, and Logistics, Georgia College and State University, Milledgeville, Georgia, USA
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12
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Edwards KM, Lim S, Huff M, Herrington R, Leader Charge L, Littleton H. Rates and Correlates of Intimate Partner Violence Among Indigenous College Students: A Multi-Campus Study. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2023; 38:7852-7866. [PMID: 36714950 DOI: 10.1177/08862605221150945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Research suggests that Indigenous girls, women, and LGBTQ+ Two-Spirit people experience disproportionately high rates of intimate partner violence (IPV), but there is a dearth of research on IPV among Indigenous college students. Therefore, the current study sought to explore rates of IPV victimization and perpetration among Indigenous college students, as well as correlates including depressive and anxious symptoms, emotion dysregulation, on-campus social support, and hazardous drinking. Participants were 230 undergraduate students who identified as American Indian/Alaska Native attending 20 medium- and large-sized universities across the contiguous U.S. Results indicated that 28.9% of Indigenous students reported any type of IPV victimization in the past 6 months (psychological: 24.5%; physical: 9.1%; sexual: 9.8%; coercive control: 12.4%). Further, 18.3% of Indigenous students reported any type of IPV perpetration in the past 6 months (psychological: 16.9%; physical: 4.5%; sexual: 2.6%; coercive control: 7.1%). Anxious and depressive symptoms were related to many forms of IPV victimization; emotion dysregulation was related to all forms of IPV victimization and sexual IPV perpetration; and hazardous drinking was related to most forms of IPV victimization and perpetration. These findings underscore the alarmingly high rates of IPV among Indigenous college students as well as the potential deleterious effects of IPV victimization on psychological functioning, as well as the need to concurrently address hazardous alcohol use in IPV prevention and response efforts.
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13
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Klein LB, Brewer NQ, Cloy C, Lovern H, Bangen M, McLean K, Voth Schrag R, Wood L. Campus interpersonal violence survivor advocacy services. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023:1-10. [PMID: 37167592 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2023.2209188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Although there has been increased attention to campus interpersonal violence, there is limited information on survivor advocacy services. Participants: We recruited participants from 155 U.S. institutions of higher education responsible for advocacy services on their campus. Methods: We used a community participatory action approach in partnership with the Campus Advocacy and Prevention Professionals Association to develop and disseminate a survey regarding campus advocacy services. Results: Participants shared critical insights about (a) advocacy staffing/caseload, (b) program structure, (c) advocacy practices, and (d) connection to services for people who had caused harm. We found that advocacy programs are often providing best practice services for survivors of violence but operating with few staff and unclear privacy protections. Conclusions: This study provided crucial preliminary information about how campuses provide advocacy services, but more researcher-practitioner engagement is needed to build on this study and establish clear practice guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- L B Klein
- Sandra Rosenbaum School of Social Work, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Nathan Q Brewer
- Sexual Assault and Prevention Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cherita Cloy
- Independent Researcher, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Holly Lovern
- Violence Prevention and Advocacy Services, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Kiley McLean
- Sandra Rosenbaum School of Social Work, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Rachel Voth Schrag
- School of Social Work, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
| | - Leila Wood
- School of Nursing, University of Texas-Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
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14
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Wood L, Baumler E, Rinehart JK, Temple JR. Risk for dating violence and sexual assault over time: The role of college and prior experiences with violence. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023; 71:973-979. [PMID: 34010114 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2021.1910273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Despite increased research on emerging adults and interpersonal violence, evidence on the role of college attendance in risk for dating violence and sexual assault is mixed. We examined the role of college attendance on victimization risk in emerging adulthood. Participants: Participants were a diverse longitudinal sample of 630 emerging adults. Methods: We conducted regression analyses to examine the association of college attendance by type (community and public/private four year) with subsequent victimization, controlling for prior victimization and other factors. Results: Participants who attended public and private four-year colleges had significantly less risk for physical dating violence (OR = 0.35, p < 0.001), but not prior sexual or psychological dating violence or other sexual assault. Prior victimization was the most significant predictor of victimization in emerging adulthood. Conclusions: The context of higher education and prior victimization experience should be considered for addressing dating violence and sexual assault in emerging adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Wood
- Center for Violence Prevention, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Elizabeth Baumler
- Center for Violence Prevention, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Jenny K Rinehart
- Center for Violence Prevention, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Director of Graduate Curriculum, Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Jeff R Temple
- Center for Violence Prevention, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
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15
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Neilson EC, Gulati NK, Stappenbeck CA, George WH, Davis KC. Emotion Regulation and Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration in Undergraduate Samples: A Review of the Literature. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2023; 24:576-596. [PMID: 34551642 PMCID: PMC8938307 DOI: 10.1177/15248380211036063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration increases throughout young adulthood and is particularly widespread among college students, resulting in mental health and academic consequences. Deficits in emotion regulation (ER) are an important factor associated with IPV perpetration; the developmental tasks and challenges associated with college, including relationship stressors and hazardous alcohol use, implicate ER as a particularly relevant risk factor for IPV perpetration. Thus, college presents an important opportunity for intervention in order to change the trajectories of IPV perpetration across young adulthood. The purpose of this review was to synthesize findings regarding ER and psychological, physical, and sexual IPV perpetration among college students. Twenty-one articles met inclusion criteria. Studies were organized into five categories: (a) direct associations of ER with IPV perpetration, (b) qualitative assessment of ER and IPV, (c) ER in indirect effects models, (d) ER in moderation models, and (e) experiments with ER instructional sets. Overall, ER emerged as an important inhibiting factor for IPV perpetration, particularly impulse control and access to ER strategies. ER deficits in the context of impelling (e.g., negative affect, trauma history) and instigating (e.g., provocation) factors emerged as consistent predictors of psychological and physical IPV perpetration for both male and female students. Deficits in ER were associated with sexual IPV perpetration among men; however, very few studies examined sexual IPV. Experimental paradigms suggest cognitive reappraisal may reduce IPV perpetration, while suppression may, in some contexts, increase perpetration. Methodological strengths and weaknesses and implications for IPV prevention and interventions programming for college students are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Natasha K. Gulati
- University of Washington, Department of Psychology, Seattle, WA 98195
| | | | - William H. George
- University of Washington, Department of Psychology, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Kelly Cue Davis
- Arizona State University, Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Phoenix, AZ 85004
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16
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Wong JS, Bouchard J, Lee C. The Effectiveness of College Dating Violence Prevention Programs: A Meta-Analysis. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2023; 24:684-701. [PMID: 34342255 PMCID: PMC10009487 DOI: 10.1177/15248380211036058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Due in part to their involvement with social activities on campus, college students experience an increased risk of dating violence. Recent legislation such as the Campus SaVE Act (which requires U.S. colleges to offer training on sexual assault, domestic violence, stalking, and sexual harassment to all incoming students) has contributed to the increase in prevention programming offered across postsecondary campuses, as well as subsequent research examining the effectiveness of these prevention efforts. The current study provides a systematic review and meta-analysis of college dating violence prevention programs. A systematic search of 28 databases and numerous gray literature sources identified an initial 14,540 articles of which 315 were deemed potentially eligible for inclusion. Studies were selected if they (1) evaluated a college dating prevention program/campaign, (2) reported one of five outcomes (knowledge, attitudes, or bystander efficacy, intentions, or behavior), (3) had a minimum sample size of 20 in the treatment group, (4) used a pre/post and/or comparison group design, and (5) were published in English or French between January 2000 and October 2020. We calculated 53 effect sizes from 31 studies and conducted separate meta-analyses on various categories of outcome measures. Findings suggest that college dating violence prevention programs are effective at increasing knowledge and attitudes toward dating violence, as well as bystander skills, but are not effective at increasing bystander behaviors. Findings from moderator analyses suggest that several program components influence the strength of treatment effects. Implications for improving the effectiveness of college dating violence prevention programs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer S. Wong
- School of Criminology, Simon Fraser
University, Burnaby, British Columbia,
Canada
- Jennifer S. Wong, School of Criminology,
Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia,
Canada V5A 1S6.
| | - Jessica Bouchard
- School of Criminology, Simon Fraser
University, Burnaby, British Columbia,
Canada
| | - Chelsey Lee
- School of Criminology, Simon Fraser
University, Burnaby, British Columbia,
Canada
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17
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Gepshtein Y, Burton CW. Victim-Centered Care Among College Women of Color: A Qualitative Study. JOURNAL OF FORENSIC NURSING 2023; 19:100-107. [PMID: 37205616 DOI: 10.1097/jfn.0000000000000427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Women of color are disproportionally affected by intimate partner violence (IPV) and sexual assault (SA), and those on college campuses may have additional risk factors. The purpose of this study was to explore how college-affiliated women of color assign meaning to their interaction with individuals, authorities, and organizations tasked to help survivors of SA and IPV. METHODS Semistructured focus group interviews ( N = 87) were transcribed and analyzed using Charmaz's constructivist grounded theory methodology. RESULTS Three priority theoretical elements were identified: what hurts , namely, distrust, uncertain outcomes, and silencing of experiences; what helps , namely, support, autonomy, and safety; and desired outcomes , namely, academic progress, supportive social networks, and self-care. CONCLUSION Participants were concerned about uncertain outcomes of their interaction with organizations and authorities that are set to help victims. Results can inform forensic nurses and other professionals about the care priorities and needs of college-affiliated women of color in the context of IPV and SA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yana Gepshtein
- Author Affiliations: Sue & Bill Gross School of Nursing, University of California Irvine
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18
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Díaz Olavarrieta C, Villa AR, Guerrero López B, Vargas Huicochea I, García-Medina S, Aburto Arciniega M, Alonso Catalán M, Fajardo Dolci GE, Medina-Mora Icaza ME. Dating Violence among Undergraduate Medical Students at a Public University in Mexico City: An Exploratory Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3104. [PMID: 36833800 PMCID: PMC9963753 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Gender-based violence (GBV) and cyber-aggression are growing problems in Mexico, but there is a dearth of information on their associated risks. We aimed to determine the prevalence of dating violence (DV) and cyber-aggression in a public campus and compared students' acceptability of abusive DV based on their sex and sexual orientation. We employed a cross-sectional design to survey 964 first-year medical students attending a public university. We analyzed who found "acceptable" abusive behaviors from a dating partner and carried out descriptive analyses of sample characteristics by sex. We included 633 women and 331 men. Homosexual and bisexual orientation was lower among women (1.5%, 4.8%) vs. men (16.9%, 7.2%). Of women and men, respectively, 64.2% and 35.8% reported having been in a dating relationship. Experiencing abusive behaviors in the year prior to the study was associated with students' level of "acceptability". A total of 43.5% of the students who experienced cyber-aggression did not report any mental health consequences, 32.6% did not seek professional help, and 17.4% reported feeling depressed. Students that accepted emotionally abusive DV behaviors displayed a fourfold risk of experiencing physical abuse. Women and sexual minorities are more at risk of experiencing GBV and DV. More male students reported being victims of cyber-aggression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Díaz Olavarrieta
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, 3000 Ave. Universidad, Copilco Universidad, Coyoacán, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Antonio Rafael Villa
- Research Division, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, 3000 Ave. Universidad, Copilco Universidad, Coyoacán, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Benjamin Guerrero López
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, 3000 Ave. Universidad, Copilco Universidad, Coyoacán, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Ingrid Vargas Huicochea
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, 3000 Ave. Universidad, Copilco Universidad, Coyoacán, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Sandra García-Medina
- National School of Biological Sciences, National Polytechnic Institute, Prolongación de Carpio y, Plan de Ayala Street, Santo Tomás, Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Monica Aburto Arciniega
- Research Division, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, 3000 Ave. Universidad, Copilco Universidad, Coyoacán, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - María Alonso Catalán
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, 3000 Ave. Universidad, Copilco Universidad, Coyoacán, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Germán E. Fajardo Dolci
- Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, 3000 Ave. Universidad, Copilco Universidad, Coyoacán, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Ma. Elena Medina-Mora Icaza
- Faculty of Psychology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, 3000 Circuito Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
- National Institute of Psychiatry, Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City 14370, Mexico
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19
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Molstad TD, Weinhardt JM, Jones R. Sexual Assault as a Contributor to Academic Outcomes in University: A Systematic Review. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2023; 24:218-230. [PMID: 34689635 PMCID: PMC9660281 DOI: 10.1177/15248380211030247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Sexual assault continues to be a prevalent and consequential experience for university students. The aim of this systematic review was to synthesize the literature on the academic consequences of the sexual assault for university students. There is currently no comprehensive review of the literature focusing on the academic consequences for university students who experienced sexual assault. This review was conducted based on searches from five databases including Academic Search Complete, Education Search Complete, Education Resources Information Center (ERIC), PsycINFO, and Google Scholar. We identified 13 articles that examined academic consequences of sexual assault during university. Across all studies, sexual assault was associated with more academic problems including lower grade point average, dropping out of university, and self-regulated learning problems. Although the number of articles is small, the results are consistent. Practically, this means that universities, those providing psychological services, and victims themselves need to understand that the consequences are not just physical and psychological but can also negatively impact academic achievement. Our review also identifies limitations in the literature regarding this topic such as methodological concerns, diversity and inclusion concerns, and the need for future work to investigate mediators of the relationship between sexual assault and academic outcomes. We offer recommendations for future research to combat the concerns identified. Development of interventions to support those who experience sexual assault during university necessitates overcoming the limitations identified.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rihannon Jones
- Haskayne School of Business, University of Calgary, Alberta,
Canada
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20
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Nelson A, Allen J, Cho H, Yun SH, Choi YJ, Choi GY. Intimate Partner Violence and Openness to Online Counseling Among College Students. JOURNAL OF FAMILY VIOLENCE 2023; 38:611-621. [PMID: 35464668 PMCID: PMC9016205 DOI: 10.1007/s10896-022-00396-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is prevalent and has devastating consequences for college students. Online counseling (OC) may be a way to decrease barriers to help. This study seeks to determine openness to OC compared to face-to-face counseling (F2F) by examining: (1) How openness to OC varies depending on college students' personal and IPV characteristics and (2) How these characteristics vary compared to college non-IPV survivors. Two linear regressions were conducted using a sample from a cross sectional survey. First with the entire sample of college students (N = 1,518) to examine characteristics of those more open to OC and second with only those that identified as experiencing IPV (n = 1,211). The results demonstrated that IPV survivors are less open to OC than to F2F counseling (b = -.23, p < .01). For the model with all college students, those who were significantly more open to OC were female (b = -.39, p < .001), identified as LGBT (b = .23, p < .05), or Asian/Pacific Islander (API) (b = .26, p < .05), and had a physical health issue (b = -.19, p < .05). For the model that only analyzed IPV survivors, the same characteristics were shown to be significantly related to openness to OC. More research is needed to explore why IPV survivors are less open to OC compared to F2F counseling. Exploring why characteristics of female, LGBT, and physical health issues lead to openness to OC could help understand what barriers need to be addressed for wider use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbie Nelson
- School of Social Work, Michigan State University, 655 Auditorium Rd #254, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - Jennifer Allen
- School of Social Work, Michigan State University, 655 Auditorium Rd #254, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - Hyunkag Cho
- School of Social Work, Michigan State University, 655 Auditorium Rd #254, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - Sung Hyun Yun
- School of Social Work, Windsor University, 201-B, 167 Ferry Street, Windsor, ON N9A 0C5 Canada
| | - Yoon Joon Choi
- School of Social Work, University of Georgia, 279 Williams Street, Athens, GA 30602 USA
| | - Ga-Young Choi
- School of Social Work, Cal State LA, Los Angeles, CA USA
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21
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Ganson KT, Lisi NE, O'Connor J, Nagata JM. Association between binge eating and physical violence perpetration among U.S. college students. J Eat Disord 2022; 10:171. [PMID: 36397125 PMCID: PMC9673326 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-022-00700-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To date, no known research has explored the link between binge eating and physical violence perpetration despite overlapping psychological constructs that underpin these behaviors (i.e., emotion regulation difficulties, impulsivity). Therefore, this study aimed to determine the association between binge eating and self-reported physical violence perpetration. METHODS Cross-sectional data from four survey years (2016-2020) of the national (U.S.) Healthy Minds Study (N = 6210) were analyzed. Unadjusted (Independent samples t test) and adjusted (logistic regression) analyses were conducted to determine the associations between binge eating in the past four weeks and violence perpetration in the past 12 months, while adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS The unadjusted mean number of days of binge eating was significantly higher among participants who reported physical violence perpetration (M = 2.6, SD = 5.2) compared to those who did not (M = 1.8, SD = 3.7). Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that each additional day of binge eating was associated with 5% higher odds (95% confidence interval 1.02-1.09) of self-reported physical violence perpetration, while adjusting for potential confounders. CONCLUSIONS Results from this study are the first known to identify an association between binge eating and physical violence perpetration among U.S. college students. Findings are supported by the potential mechanistic overlap of emotion regulation and impulsivity associated with both binge eating and violence perpetration, underscoring the need for more research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle T Ganson
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Nicole E Lisi
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Julia O'Connor
- School of Social Work, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Jason M Nagata
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, 550 16Th Street, 4th Floor, Box 0503, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
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22
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Munro-Kramer ML, Skidmore LM, Cannon LM, Huhman AK, Carter SN, Williamsen KM, Ngo QM. The Dynamics of Interpersonal Relationships: Understanding Power and Control Tactics Among College Students. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP19522-NP19548. [PMID: 34482755 DOI: 10.1177/08862605211042816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a significant public health problem among college students and many students have difficulty identifying unhealthy and abusive behaviors. The aims of this mixed methods study are to: (a) create an inclusive tool that illustrates the power and control experiences of a diverse group of young adult college students, (b) ensure a broad scope of tactics are illustrated (related to technology and different types of relationships), and (c) measure the experience of these tactics, including how IPV knowledge, attitudes, and self-efficacy are influenced by a more inclusive tool. In Phase I, semi-structured interviews were conducted with students (n = 33) and staff (n = 10) at campus sexual assault centers at the three University of Michigan (UM) campuses to explore power and control tactics utilized by perpetrators on college campuses. Content analysis revealed 13 categories of tactics in college relationships. A draft tool was created and assessed for accuracy using cognitive interviews with students (n = 20) from all three campuses in Phase II. Cognitive interviews resulted in the following changes to the final tool: (a) new presentation of the Socioecological Model, (b) identification of substance use as a facilitator for multiple forms of violence, and (c) edits to tactic descriptions. In Phase III, 250 students at UM-Ann Arbor participated in a quasi-experimental evaluation in which 133 interacted with the tool and 117 received access to usual care (campus sexual misconduct policy). Both groups answered survey questions about IPV knowledge, attitudes, self-efficacy, and experiences at baseline, and after one month and five months. Among all college participants in Phase III, 33.5% had experienced lifetime IPV and 25.2% had experienced IPV in the past year. There were no significant differences among IPV knowledge, attitudes, or self-efficacy by group. The Dynamics of Interpersonal Coercion Among College Students tool was created by incorporating current tactics utilized among a diverse college population.
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23
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Navarro R, Larrañaga E, Yubero S, Víllora B. Associations between Adverse Childhood Experiences within the Family Context and In-Person and Online Dating Violence in Adulthood: A Scoping Review. Behav Sci (Basel) 2022; 12:bs12060162. [PMID: 35735372 PMCID: PMC9219904 DOI: 10.3390/bs12060162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are a common pathway to risky behaviour, violence or re-victimisation, disability, illness, and premature mortality and, as such, may be associated with victimisation and perpetration of dating violence not only in adolescence but also in adulthood. Method: A scoping review was performed in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Four databases (Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and PsycINFO) were used to search for studies published between 2000 and 2021 that analysed the relationship between adverse childhood experiences within the family context and the perpetration or victimisation of dating violence in adulthood. Results: The search yielded 599 articles, 32 of which met the inclusion criteria and were ultimately included in the review. Most of the study samples were from the United States. Most of the studies sampled university populations. The studies had a clear objective, were of an appropriate design, contained a detailed description of the sample, and used valid and reliable measurement instruments. Conclusion: This scoping review shows that the relationship between ACEs and perpetration and/or subsequent victimisation is complex and that, while adverse childhood experiences are a factor associated with adult dating violence, they are likely to coexist with other personal, family, and environmental problems. Therefore, adverse childhood experiences may not be a necessary or sufficient condition for experiencing dating violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Navarro
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Humanities, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda de los Alfares, 42, 16071 Cuenca, Spain; (S.Y.); (B.V.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Elisa Larrañaga
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Work, University of Castilla-La Mancha, C/ Camino Cañete, s/n, 16071 Cuenca, Spain;
| | - Santiago Yubero
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Humanities, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda de los Alfares, 42, 16071 Cuenca, Spain; (S.Y.); (B.V.)
| | - Beatriz Víllora
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Humanities, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda de los Alfares, 42, 16071 Cuenca, Spain; (S.Y.); (B.V.)
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24
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Voth Schrag RJ, Wood LG, Hairston D, Jones C. Academic Safety Planning: Intervening to Improve the Educational Outcomes of Collegiate Survivors of Interpersonal Violence. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP7880-NP7906. [PMID: 33092437 DOI: 10.1177/0886260520967162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Demonstrated impacts of intimate partner violence (IPV) and sexual assault (SA) for college students include negative outcomes related to mental, physical, emotional, and academic well-being. As a result of increasing awareness of the long-standing epidemic of IPV and SA on college campuses, Institutions of Higher Education (IHEs) are expanding the services provided to survivors of IPV and SA, including campus-based advocacy services that are adapted from community models. Like community advocacy, campus-based advocacy services focus on empowerment, support, resource provision, and addressing safety needs. However, the unique context of higher education produces specific student-centered needs, including an increased focus on educational goals, academic accommodations, and safety planning. The current study seeks to shed new light on the specific foci and tasks of advocacy in the context of IHEs, related to what we call "academic safety planning," and to highlight the experience of student service recipients utilizing these forms of advocacy. Thematic analysis of 48 qualitative interviews with advocates (n = 23) and service users (n = 25) from five programs at three universities was used to discover practices applied by campus-based advocates and to understand student-survivor needs and preferences within academic safety planning. Findings reveal the core components of academic safety planning, which are: (a) Advocating for emotional and physical safety in the university context, (b) Assessing and identifying needed academic accommodations, and (c) rebuilding connections and institutional trust at school. These interviews reveal that academic safety planning has the potential to enhance the academic outcomes of survivors, which in turn could lead to important improvements in long-term personal safety, well-being, and economic security for student-survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leila G Wood
- University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Dixie Hairston
- University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Cynthia Jones
- University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA
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25
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Cusano J, Wood L, O'Connor J, McMahon S. What Helps and Hinders Students' Intervening in Incidents of Dating Violence On Campus? an Exploratory Study Using Focus Groups. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP6211-NP6235. [PMID: 33054511 DOI: 10.1177/0886260520966670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Dating violence is a problem occurring on college campuses that requires unique prevention and intervention needs. Despite the widespread prevalence and pervasive impact of dating violence victimization, formal disclosure and utilization of on-campus support services for student survivors remain low and often survivors who do tell someone disclose to an informal source of support, most often a friend. Many current educational efforts on college campuses regarding dating violence, including bystander intervention programming, fail to increase students' understanding of how to safely address a situation where a peer is experiencing an abusive relationship or to provide students with information about their role as potential responders to disclosures of violence from friends. In the present exploratory study, a series of qualitative focus groups were conducted to better understand students' perspectives on dating violence on campus. Data were analyzed according to processes of thematic analysis to examine how students' understanding and knowledge of dating violence impact their decision about whether to intervene as prosocial bystanders within their social networks using focus groups. Emergent findings reveal that students undergo a multistage process of intervening that relies heavily on their existing knowledge and attitudes toward dating violence. The findings from this article are consistent with Banyard's Action Coils model. Suggestions for future research are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leila Wood
- The University of Texas Medical Branch, TX, USA
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26
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Carmody MD, Cruz TH, Soto Mas F, Qeadan F, Handal AJ. Violence and the Academic Lives of College Students at the Intersection of Race/Ethnicity and Sexual Orientation/Gender Identity. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP4487-NP4509. [PMID: 32954934 DOI: 10.1177/0886260520958654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
To ascertain whether sexual and/or gender minority (SGM) students at a Hispanic-serving institution who experience violence are more likely to experience interference with their academic lives when compared to heterosexual, cisgender students, and how this relationship differs by race/ethnicity. Data came from 736 undergraduate students at a university in the Southwestern United States responding to a 2017 Campus Climate Survey. Multivariable logistic regression was conducted on self-identified SGM students and reported interference with their academic lives. The model was also tested for effect modification by race/ethnicity. Two-thirds (67.65%) of SGM students reported four or more incidences of violence. Nearly one-fifth (18.83%) of SGM students reported being harassed, insulted, threatened, or intimidated, and 2.63% reported being physically hurt (including forced sex), because the perpetrator thought the individual might have been gay, lesbian, bisexual, or transgender. SGM students had 2.44 (95% CI: 1.29, 4.61) increased odds of interference with academic life as a result of violence victimization compared with non-SGM students. When the model was evaluated for effect modification by race/ethnicity, large effect sizes were observed, although the results were not significant. SGM undergraduate students are at significantly increased risk of violence and interference with their academic lives. This research emphasizes the need for institutions of higher education to ensure that their policies and practices support equal access to education by SGM students. Additionally, this study contributes insights into a potential protective effect of Hispanic ethnicity that warrants further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary D Carmody
- The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | | | | | | | - Alexis J Handal
- University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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27
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Barroso-Corroto E, Cobo-Cuenca AI, Laredo-Aguilera JA, Santacruz-Salas E, Pozuelo-Carrascosa DP, Rodríguez-Cañamero S, Martín-Espinosa NM, Carmona-Torres JM. Dating violence, violence in social networks, anxiety and depression in nursing degree students: A cross-sectional study. J Adv Nurs 2022; 79:1451-1463. [PMID: 35128718 DOI: 10.1111/jan.15170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
AIM To determine the prevalence and risk factors for dating violence and the correlations between dating violence and violence in social networks, anxiety and depression among nursing students. DESIGN A cross-sectional and correlational study. METHODS This study was conducted with nursing degree students at Spanish university during May 2021. A total of 248 nursing students completed an online survey. The online survey included sociodemographic variables, the Conflict in Adolescent Dating Relationships Inventory, the Social Network Violence Scale and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Chi-squared test, Pearson's correlation and logistic regression were used. RESULTS Of the participants, 13.3% were men and 86.7% were women. A total of 53.2% had experienced and/or perpetrated dating violence. About violence in social networks, 22.2% of the participants had perpetrated it, and 20.2% had been victims of it. Strong correlations were found between experiencing and perpetrating dating violence. Significant associated factors were cohabitation with a partner, alcohol consumption, socioeconomic status and history of dating violence. CONCLUSIONS Dating violence is a serious problem given its high prevalence among the surveyed nursing students, who, as future health professionals, must know how to recognize and react to possible cases of abuse. IMPACT The study results add to international literature that men and women university nursing students are equally susceptible to intimate partner violence and report similar prevalence of dating violence. Also, dating violence is correlated with increased levels of anxiety and depression. It seems to be necessary to implement training programmes that help minimize the problem and identify possible cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esperanza Barroso-Corroto
- Hospital Universitario de Toledo, Toledo, Spain.,Grupo de Investigación Multidisciplinar en Cuidados, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | - Ana Isabel Cobo-Cuenca
- Grupo de Investigación Multidisciplinar en Cuidados, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain.,Facultad de Fisioterapia y Enfermería, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | - José Alberto Laredo-Aguilera
- Grupo de Investigación Multidisciplinar en Cuidados, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain.,Facultad de Fisioterapia y Enfermería, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | - Esmeralda Santacruz-Salas
- Grupo de Investigación Multidisciplinar en Cuidados, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain.,Facultad de Fisioterapia y Enfermería, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | - Diana Patricia Pozuelo-Carrascosa
- Grupo de Investigación Multidisciplinar en Cuidados, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain.,Facultad de Enfermería, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain
| | - Sergio Rodríguez-Cañamero
- Hospital Universitario de Toledo, Toledo, Spain.,Grupo de Investigación Multidisciplinar en Cuidados, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | - Noelia María Martín-Espinosa
- Grupo de Investigación Multidisciplinar en Cuidados, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain.,Facultad de Fisioterapia y Enfermería, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Carmona-Torres
- Grupo de Investigación Multidisciplinar en Cuidados, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain.,Facultad de Fisioterapia y Enfermería, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
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28
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Munoz-Rojas D, Ching-Alvarez C, Gonzalez-Pons KM. Red Flags of Dating Violence Among College Students: From the Perspective of Campus Service Providers in Costa Rica Señales de alerta de la violencia en el noviazgo entre estudiantes universitarios: Desde la perspectiva de los proveedores de servicios estudiantiles en Costa Rica. Glob Qual Nurs Res 2022; 9:23333936211035750. [PMID: 35097159 PMCID: PMC8793443 DOI: 10.1177/23333936211035750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dating violence has negative consequences on the well-being of college students. Thus, it is imperative that providers of student-oriented services can detect and respond to dating violence. Although many universities worldwide have implemented dating violence screenings protocols, they are not yet common practice in Costa Rica. As a result, there is inadequate recognition of this problem, so it remains unaddressed. Therefore, this qualitative descriptive study explored the perceptions of professionals working in student-oriented services in Costa Rica about dating violence warning signs exhibited by college students. 29 providers from four public universities were interviewed, and three main areas were identified from a content analysis: the process that providers follow to identify dating violence, the visible signs that victims display, and the self-protective strategies that victims employ to hide their abuse. These findings are important for researchers and practitioners wanting to improve dating violence screening instruments for the Central American context.
Resumen
La violencia en el noviazgo tiene consecuencias negativas en el bienestar de los estudiantes universitarios. Por lo tanto, es determinante que los proveedores de servicios orientados a los estudiantes universitarios puedan detectar y responder a la violencia en el noviazgo. Aunque muchas universidades en todo el mundo han implementado protocolos de detección de violencia en el noviazgo, aunque aún no es una práctica común en Costa Rica. Como resultado, el reconocimiento de este problema es insuficiente y sigue sin abordarse. Por lo tanto, este estudio descriptivo cualitativo exploró las percepciones de los profesionales que trabajan en servicios orientados a los estudiantes universitarios en Costa Rica sobre las señales de alerta de violencia en el noviazgo manifestadas exhibidas por los estudiantes universitarios. Se entrevistó a 29 proveedores de cuatro universidades públicas. A partir de un análisis de contenido se identificaron tres temas principales: el proceso que los proveedores siguen para identificar la violencia en el noviazgo, los signos visibles que muestran las víctimas y las estrategias de autoprotección que las víctimas emplean para ocultar su abuso. Estos hallazgos son importantes para los investigadores y profesionales que desean mejorar los mecanismos de detección temprana de la violencia en el noviazgo para el contexto universitario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derby Munoz-Rojas
- Center for Research on Nursing Care and Health, School of Nursing, University of Costa Rica, San Pedro, Costa Rica
| | - Cristobal Ching-Alvarez
- Center for Research on Nursing Care and Health, School of Nursing, University of Costa Rica, San Pedro, Costa Rica
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29
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Spadine M, Patterson MS, Brown S, Nelon J, Lanning B, Johnson DM. Predicting emotional abuse among a sample of college students. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2022; 70:256-264. [PMID: 32208068 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2020.1740709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Objective This study aims to examine factors related to emotional abuse, an understudied type of intimate partner violence (IPV), among a sample of college students. Participants: 601 undergraduates from one large public university in the Midwestern United States (Spring 2017) and 756 undergraduates from one large public university in the Southern United States (Fall 2019) participated in the study. Methods: Participants completed an online survey measuring demographic information, behavioral variables (viewing porn, alcohol consumption, and hooking up), and history of violence (witnessing a father abuse his spouse, emotional abuse history). Descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression analyses predicting emotional abuse victimization were conducted. Results: Results indicate female, white, older students were more likely to report emotional abuse. Also, students witnessing their father abuse his spouse, frequent pornography use, increased alcohol use, and frequent hookups increased odds of emotional abuse. Conclusion: College campuses should consider emphasizing emotional abuse in IPV programing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandy Spadine
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Megan S Patterson
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Sydney Brown
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Jordan Nelon
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Beth Lanning
- Department of Public Health, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
| | - Dawn M Johnson
- Department of Counseling Psychology, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio, USA
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30
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Voth Schrag R, Hairston D, Brown ML, Wood L. Advocate and Survivor Perspectives on the Role of Technology in Help Seeking and Services with Emerging Adults in Higher Education. JOURNAL OF FAMILY VIOLENCE 2022; 37:123-136. [PMID: 34007100 PMCID: PMC8118376 DOI: 10.1007/s10896-021-00279-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Emerging adults, aged 18-25, have come of age in a technology oriented world. The internet has been critical in mediating their personal relationships and their understanding of daily life. Emerging adults are also at unique risk of experiencing intimate partner and sexual violence (IPV & SV) Given the increasing infusion of information communication technology (ICT) into anti-violence advocacy, and the broad use of ICT among college-attending emerging adults, this study aimed to explore how both survivors and advocates are leveraging technology for support. Using a QUAL + qual methodology (Morse and Niehaus, 2009), data were collected as part of an evaluation of campus-based advocacy as implemented in five programs. Interviews took place with 23 campus and community-based advocates, and 25 survivors of interpersonal violence who had accessed campus-based advocacy services. Additionally, 63 survivors who engaged in campus-based advocacy services responded to an online survey. Key domains identified were: 1) technology as a means of informing potential clients about services; 2) the role of technology in help-seeking, including its role in tailoring and extending the reach of services; and 3) the importance of recognizing technology facilitated abuse in the advocacy and education process with emerging adults. As advocacy programs are rapidly shifting to technology facilitated services in the wake of COVID-19, this study provides data on advocate and survivor experiences with technology, which can inform these changes across the spectrum of IPV & SV services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Voth Schrag
- University of Texas at Arlington School of Social Work, 211 S. Cooper, Arlington, TX 76019 USA
| | - Dixie Hairston
- University of Texas Medical Branch-Galveston, Galveston, TX USA
| | | | - Leila Wood
- University of Texas Medical Branch-Galveston, Galveston, TX USA
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31
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Beckmann L, Bergmann MC, Krieg Y, Kliem S. Associations Between Classroom Normative Climate and the Perpetration of Teen Dating Violence Among Secondary School Students. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2021; 36:NP11291-NP11321. [PMID: 31738109 DOI: 10.1177/0886260519888207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate how classroom normative climate regarding the perpetration of teen dating violence (TDV) was related to adolescents' self-reported perpetration of (verbal/emotional, threatening, relational, physical, and sexual) violence within romantic relationships in the previous 12 months. Based on Theory of Normative Conduct, we hypothesized that higher classroom levels of TDV perpetration were associated with a higher likelihood of individual TDV perpetration. Data were drawn from a large survey of ninth-grade students conducted in the state of Lower Saxony, Germany (n = 10,638). From this sample, an analysis sample of n = 4,351 students at risk was drawn (mean age: 15.0, SD: 0.76; 46.6% male). More than half (54.8%) of the at-risk sample reported engagement in any form of TDV within the previous 12 months, whereby rates varied considerably by the dimension of TDV. Controlling for a range of risk factors on the classroom level (proportion of students dependent on social welfare, proportion of students with migration background) and individual level (exposure to family violence, sociodemographic characteristics, TDV victimization, and peer- and school-related factors), regression analyses showed that higher rates of classroom-level TDV perpetration were positively related to individual verbal/emotional TDV perpetration. This pattern of results was observable across all dimensions of TDV. Furthermore, gender-specific patterns of TDV perpetration were observable: Girls were more affected by classroom levels of verbal/emotional and physical TDV than boys, while boys were more affected by classroom levels of relational and sexual TDV. Results highlight the role of the wider peer context in shaping adolescent dating experiences and specifically point to the relevance of the classroom ecology for the socialization of dating violence in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Beckmann
- Criminological Research Institute of Lower Saxony, Hanover, Germany
| | | | - Yvonne Krieg
- Criminological Research Institute of Lower Saxony, Hanover, Germany
| | - Sören Kliem
- Department of Social Care, University of Applied Sciences, Jena, Germany
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Nordin K. A Bruise Without a Name: Investigating College Student Perceptions of Intimate Partner Violence Terminology. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2021; 36:NP10520-NP10544. [PMID: 31530059 DOI: 10.1177/0886260519876723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
When it comes to intimate partner violence, words matter. The abuse terminology used in efforts to target collegiate victims of intimate partner violence (IPV) can impact the effectiveness of prevention messages. The purpose of this study is twofold: first, to identify the relationship between abuse labels (such as domestic violence, dating violence, and IPV), and bystander intervention recommendations. Second, this study aims to understand how situational factors (perpetrator gender, couple marital status, provocation) impact the perceived appropriateness of those terms. Perceptions of severity, victim/perpetrator blame, and bystander intervention recommendations were also measured. In all, 498 college students from a large southern public university participated in a 2 × 2 × 2 experiment where they read a vignette depicting IPV. Participants were then asked a serious of questions about the appropriateness of the abuse terminology, what actions they would recommend for a bystander, the severity of the incident, and the degree to which they blamed victim and perpetrator. Results indicated the bystander intervention actions that are perceived as appropriate are related to what the most appropriate label is for the situation. Contextual factors surrounding the IPV situation, such as perpetrator gender, couple marital status, and provocation, influenced bystander recommendations and what labels were considered appropriate. The results of the study indicate the need to expand collegiate definition of what "counts" as IPV and point to ways in which IPV context can be a barrier to bystander intervention. Implications of the study argue that efforts to increase bystander intervention must include training on how to identify IPV situations with a broad variety of contexts. Limitations of the study and implications for theory and practice are discussed.
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Wood L, Voth Schrag R, Busch-Armendariz N. Mental health and academic impacts of intimate partner violence among IHE-attending women. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2020; 68:286-293. [PMID: 30557086 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2018.1546710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Objective: The study assesses the prevalence of physical, psychological, sexual, and cyber forms of intimate partner violence (IPV) among female college students, and associated mental health and academic outcomes.Participants: Participants (n = 6,818) were randomly selected female students attending one of eight campuses of a University System in the Southwest. Their mean age was 25, and 45% identified as Hispanic/Latina. Data collection concluded in November of 2015.Methods: Students completed anonymous online surveys of behavioral-specific measures assessing victimization and potential impacts. Descriptive, bivariate, and multiple regression analyses were employed.Results: Since enrollment, 31% had experienced IPV. Significant correlations were observed between severity of IPV and extent of PTSD, depression, school disengagement, and academic impacts. Higher levels of psychological, sexual, and cyber violence were associated with increased PTSD and depression symptoms.Conclusion: IPV is a significant indicator of mental health and academic impacts, meriting attention from Institutions of Higher Education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Wood
- Institute on Domestic Violence & Sexual Assault, Steve Hicks School of Social Work, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Rachel Voth Schrag
- School of Social Work, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Noël Busch-Armendariz
- Institute on Domestic Violence & Sexual Assault, Steve Hicks School of Social Work, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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34
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Schrag RV, Wood L, Busch-Armendariz N. Pathways From Intimate Partner Violence to Academic Disengagement Among Women University Students. VIOLENCE AND VICTIMS 2020; 35:227-245. [PMID: 32273379 DOI: 10.1891/vv-d-18-00173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
More knowledge is needed related to collegiate intimate partner violence (IPV) and the pathways between experiencing physical and psychological IPV and academic disengagement. Students in a University System in the southwest completed an online survey including measures of physical and psychological IPV, academic disengagement, sense of community, and safety on campus. Conditional process analyses were used to understand key pathways for 6,818 woman identified students. All models found a significant indirect path between physical and psychological IPV and academic disengagement via depression symptoms. Students' sense of community on campus was associated with less academic disengagement regardless of physical violence. The impact of psychological IPV on disengagement was stronger for those with lower senses of community. Enhancing screening and education, providing effective mental health counseling, and increasing advocacy will help institutions better address IPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Voth Schrag
- School of Social Work, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX
| | - Leila Wood
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX
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35
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Simmons CA, Clay JA, Swanson K. Information to Help Stalking Victims on College and University Websites: It's Not Easy to Find. VIOLENCE AND VICTIMS 2020; 35:108-125. [PMID: 32015072 DOI: 10.1891/0886-6708.vv-d-19-00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Content analysis was used to explore the availability, type, and location of stalking prevention and intervention information posted on publicly available Institutions of Higher Education (IHE) websites. A stratified sample representing 20% of the IHEs in the United States (N = 619) across 12 stratified groups identified significant gaps in the information provided. A fourth of the sites posted no information about stalking of any kind. Of those that do include such information, much is difficult to find and focused on reporting to IHE authorities. Definitions, training, and other victim-focused resources are rarely included. Comparisons based on IHE student population (i.e., size) and residential characteristics (i.e., setting) identified notable variations across IHE classification groups. From these identified differences, recommendations to improve information delivery and accessibility are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joy A Clay
- University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Kayah Swanson
- University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colorado
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36
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Brewer NQ, Thomas KA. Intimate partner violence and academic performance: the role of physical, mental, behavioral, and financial health. SOCIAL WORK IN HEALTH CARE 2019; 58:854-869. [PMID: 31544629 DOI: 10.1080/00981389.2019.1659905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Undergraduate students of all gender identities are at risk of experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization. It is known that IPV negatively affects academic performance, yet little is known about the role of health. This study examined if past-year IPV victimization was associated with an increase in students' self-perception of health interfering with academic performance. Data were drawn from the 2011-2014 National College Health Assessment (N = 84,734). Structural equation modeling was used to examine the relationship between a latent variable of IPV and health impediments to academic performance. The model was a good fit for the data (RMSEA = .012, CFI = .994, TLI = .981). Undergraduate survivors of past-year IPV - and transgender students - were more likely to report impediments to their academic performance: physical assault (0.66, p < .001), sexual assault (0.57, p < .001), sexually transmitted infections (0.42, p < .001), pregnancy (0.38, p < .001), depression (0.38, p < .001), disordered eating (0.36, p < .001), financial problems (0.33, p < .001), anxiety (0.32, p < .001), sleep problems (0.32, p < .001), chronic health problems (0.29, p < .001), drug use (0.29, p < .001), injury (0.25, p < .001), and alcohol use (0.25, p < .001). This demonstrates that IPV has a spiral effect, such that IPV's impact on health is perceived by students as detrimental to their academics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Q Brewer
- School of Social Work, Simmons University , Boston , MA , USA
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