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Chaetomium and Chaetomium-like Species from European Indoor Environments Include Dichotomopilus finlandicus sp. nov. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10091133. [PMID: 34578165 PMCID: PMC8466430 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10091133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Chaetomium is a frequently occurring fungal taxon world-wide. Chaetomium and Chaetomium-like species occur in indoor environments, where they can degrade cellulose-based building materials, thereby causing structural damage. Furthermore, several species of this genus may also cause adverse effects on human health. The aims of this research were to identify Chaetomium and Chaetomium-like strains isolated from indoor environments in Hungary and Finland, two geographically distant regions of Europe with drier and wetter continental climates, respectively, and to study their morphological and physiological properties, as well as their extracellular enzyme activities, thereby comparing the Chaetomium and Chaetomium-like species isolated from these two different regions of Europe and their properties. Chaetomium and Chaetomium-like strains were isolated from flats and offices in Hungary, as well as from schools, flats, and offices in Finland. Fragments of the translation elongation factor 1α (tef1α), the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (rpb2) and β-tubulin (tub2) genes, as well as the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the ribosomal RNA gene cluster were sequenced, and phylogenetic analysis of the sequences performed. Morphological examinations were performed by stereomicroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Thirty-one Chaetomium sp. strains (15 from Hungary and 16 from Finland) were examined during the study. The most abundant species was Ch. globosum in both countries. In Hungary, 13 strains were identified as Ch. globosum, 1 as Ch. cochliodes, and 1 as Ch. interruptum. In Finland, 10 strains were Ch. globosum, 2 strains were Ch. cochliodes, 2 were Ch. rectangulare, and 2 isolates (SZMC 26527, SZMC 26529) proved to be representatives of a yet undescribed phylogenetic species from the closely related genus Dichotomopilus, which we formally describe here as the new species Dichotomopilus finlandicus. Growth of the isolates was examined at different temperatures (4, 15, 20, 25, 30, 37, 35, 40, and 45 °C), while their extracellular enzyme production was determined spectrophotometrically.
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Linkies A, Jacob S, Zink P, Maschemer M, Maier W, Koch E. Characterization of cultural traits and fungicidal activity of strains belonging to the fungal genus Chaetomium. J Appl Microbiol 2020; 131:375-391. [PMID: 33249672 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Compare and characterize Chaetomium strains with special regard to their potentialities as biocontrol agents. METHODS AND RESULTS Twelve strains of the fungal genus Chaetomium from diverse ecological niches were identified as belonging to six different species. Large differences were observed between the strains with regard to temperature requirements for mycelial growth and pigmentation of culture filtrates. Culture filtrates and ethyl acetate extracts were assayed for fungicidal effects against important phytopathogens both on agar media and in multiwell plates. The samples from Chaetomium globosum were particularly active against Botrytis cinerea, Pyrenophora graminea and Bipolaris sorokiniana, while those from C. cochliodes and C. aureum were inhibitory towards Phytophthora infestans, and P. infestans and Fusarium culmorum respectively. To narrow down the active principle, the most promising extracts were separated by preparative HPLC and the resulting fractions tested in bioassays. Chaetoglobosins were identified as active compounds produced by C. globosum. CONCLUSIONS The bioassays revealed C. aureum and C. cochliodes as promising candidates for use in biocontrol. Both showed remarkably good activity against the prominent plant pathogen P. infestans. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY We provide the first systematic study comparing six different Chaetomium species with regard to their use as biocontrol agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Linkies
- Julius Kühn Institute - Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Biological Control, Darmstadt, Germany.,Department of Crop Protection, Hochschule Geisenheim University, Geisenheim, Germany
| | - S Jacob
- Institut für Biotechnologie und Wirkstoff-Forschung, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - P Zink
- Julius Kühn Institute - Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Biological Control, Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | - W Maier
- Julius Kühn Institute - Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - E Koch
- Julius Kühn Institute - Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Biological Control, Darmstadt, Germany
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Bellini A, Ferrocino I, Cucu MA, Pugliese M, Garibaldi A, Gullino ML. A Compost Treatment Acts as a Suppressive Agent in Phytophthora capsici - Cucurbita pepo Pathosystem by Modifying the Rhizosphere Microbiota. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:885. [PMID: 32670324 PMCID: PMC7327441 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Phytophthora capsici Leonian (PHC) is a filamentous pathogen oomycete that causes root, fruit, foliar and crown rot over a wide host range, including the economically and nutritionally important summer squash (Cucurbita pepo var. cylindrica L.) crop. PHC chemical control strategies are difficult to adopt, due to the limited number of registered chemicals that are permitted and the scalar harvest system. For these reasons, other strategies, such as the use of waste-based composts that can act as suppressive agents against several soilborne pathogens, have been studied intensively. It is well known that compost's microbiota plays an important role to confer its suppressive ability. In this study, four different composts were analyzed with both 16S rRNA gene and 18S rRNA gene real-time PCR amplification and with 26S gene amplicon-based sequencing; the total abundance of the bacterial and fungal communities was found to be higher compared to literature, thus confirming that the four composts were a good inoculum source for agricultural applications. The core mycobiota was mainly composed of 31 genera; nevertheless, it was possible to observe a clear predominance of the same few taxa in all the composts. The four composts were then tested, at different concentrations (1-10-20% v/v), to establish their ability to confer suppressiveness to the Phytophthora capsici (PHC) - Cucurbita pepo pathosystem in controlled greenhouse pot trials. A total of 12 compost mixtures were considered, and of these, one (Trichoderma-enriched compost at 10% v/v) was able to statistically reduce the disease incidence caused by PHC (by 50% compared to the untreated control). Hence, the microbiota composition of the most effective compost treatment was investigated and compared with untreated and chemical (metalaxyl) controls. Mycobiota sequencing showed genera differences between the three treatments, with relative abundances of several fungal genera that were significantly different among the samples. Moreover, PCA analyses clustered the compost treatment differently from the chemical and the untreated controls. These findings suggest that suppressive activity of a compost is strictly influenced by its microbiota and the applied dosage, but the ability to induce a shaping in the rhizosphere microbial composition is also required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Bellini
- AGROINNOVA – Centre of Competence for the Innovation in the Agro-Environmental Sector, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Agricultural, Forestry and Food Sciences Department (DISAFA), University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Ilario Ferrocino
- Agricultural, Forestry and Food Sciences Department (DISAFA), University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Maria Alexandra Cucu
- AGROINNOVA – Centre of Competence for the Innovation in the Agro-Environmental Sector, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Massimo Pugliese
- AGROINNOVA – Centre of Competence for the Innovation in the Agro-Environmental Sector, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Agricultural, Forestry and Food Sciences Department (DISAFA), University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- AgriNewTech s.r.l., Turin, Italy
| | - Angelo Garibaldi
- AGROINNOVA – Centre of Competence for the Innovation in the Agro-Environmental Sector, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Maria Lodovica Gullino
- AGROINNOVA – Centre of Competence for the Innovation in the Agro-Environmental Sector, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Agricultural, Forestry and Food Sciences Department (DISAFA), University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Mtibaà R, de Eugenio L, Ghariani B, Louati I, Belbahri L, Nasri M, Mechichi T. A halotolerant laccase from Chaetomium strain isolated from desert soil and its ability for dye decolourization. 3 Biotech 2017; 7:329. [PMID: 28955626 PMCID: PMC5602793 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-017-0973-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel fungal laccase produced by the ascomycete Chaetomium sp. isolated from arid soil was purified and characterized and its ability to remove dyes was determined. Extracellular laccase was purified 15-fold from the crude culture to homogeneity with an overall yield of 50% using ultrafiltration and anion-exchange chromatography. The purified enzyme was found to be a monomeric protein with a molecular mass of 68 kDa, estimated by SDS-PAGE, and with an isoelectric point of 5.5. The optimal temperature and pH value for laccase activity toward 2,6-DMP were 60 °C and 3.0, respectively. It was stable at temperatures below 50 °C and at alkaline conditions. Kinetic study showed that this laccase showed higher affinity on ABTS than on 2,6-DMP. Its activity was enhanced by the presence of several metal ions such as Mg2+, Ca2+ and Zn2+, while it was strongly inhibited by Fe2+, Ag+ and Hg2+. The novel laccase also showed high, remarkable sodium chloride tolerance. Its ability to decolorize different dyes, with or without HBT (1-hydroxy-benzotriazole), as redox mediator, suggests that this protein may be useful for different industrial applications and/or bioremediation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rim Mtibaà
- Present Address: Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering and Microbiology, National School of Engineers of Sfax, University of Sfax, Route de Soukra Km 4.5, BP 1173, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Laura de Eugenio
- Department of Environmental Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Bouthaina Ghariani
- Present Address: Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering and Microbiology, National School of Engineers of Sfax, University of Sfax, Route de Soukra Km 4.5, BP 1173, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Ibtihel Louati
- Present Address: Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering and Microbiology, National School of Engineers of Sfax, University of Sfax, Route de Soukra Km 4.5, BP 1173, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Lasaad Belbahri
- Laboratory of Soil Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile Argand 11, 2009 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Moncef Nasri
- Present Address: Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering and Microbiology, National School of Engineers of Sfax, University of Sfax, Route de Soukra Km 4.5, BP 1173, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Tahar Mechichi
- Present Address: Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering and Microbiology, National School of Engineers of Sfax, University of Sfax, Route de Soukra Km 4.5, BP 1173, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia
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Sacramento CQ, Marttorelli A, Fintelman-Rodrigues N, de Freitas CS, de Melo GR, Rocha MEN, Kaiser CR, Rodrigues KF, da Costa GL, Alves CM, Santos-Filho O, Barbosa JP, Souza TML. Aureonitol, a Fungi-Derived Tetrahydrofuran, Inhibits Influenza Replication by Targeting Its Surface Glycoprotein Hemagglutinin. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139236. [PMID: 26462111 PMCID: PMC4603893 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The influenza virus causes acute respiratory infections, leading to high morbidity and mortality in groups of patients at higher risk. Antiviral drugs represent the first line of defense against influenza, both for seasonal infections and pandemic outbreaks. Two main classes of drugs against influenza are in clinical use: M2-channel blockers and neuraminidase inhibitors. Nevertheless, because influenza strains that are resistant to these antivirals have been described, the search for novel compounds with different mechanisms of action is necessary. Here, we investigated the anti-influenza activity of a fungi-derived natural product, aureonitol. This compound inhibited influenza A and B virus replication. This compound was more effective against influenza A(H3N2), with an EC50 of 100 nM. Aureonitol cytoxicity was also very low, with a CC50 value of 1426 μM. Aureonitol inhibited influenza hemagglutination and, consequently, significantly impaired virus adsorption. Molecular modeling studies revealed that aureonitol docked in the sialic acid binding site of hemagglutinin, forming hydrogen bonds with highly conserved residues. Altogether, our results indicate that the chemical structure of aureonitol is promising for future anti-influenza drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Q. Sacramento
- Laboratório de Vírus Respiratórios, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Andressa Marttorelli
- Laboratório de Vírus Respiratórios, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Natalia Fintelman-Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Vírus Respiratórios, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Caroline S. de Freitas
- Laboratório de Vírus Respiratórios, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gabrielle R. de Melo
- Laboratório de Vírus Respiratórios, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marco E. N. Rocha
- Laboratório de Vírus Respiratórios, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratório de Química de Produtos Naturais 5, Farmanguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carlos R. Kaiser
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Katia F. Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Taxonomia, Bioquímica e Bioprospecção de Fungos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gisela L. da Costa
- Laboratório de Taxonomia, Bioquímica e Bioprospecção de Fungos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cristiane M. Alves
- Laboratório de Vírus Respiratórios, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Osvaldo Santos-Filho
- Laboratório de Vírus Respiratórios, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jussara P. Barbosa
- Laboratório de Taxonomia, Bioquímica e Bioprospecção de Fungos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thiago Moreno L. Souza
- Laboratório de Vírus Respiratórios, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Xu GB, Li LM, Yang T, Zhang GL, Li GY. Chaetoconvosins A and B, Alkaloids with New Skeleton from Fungus Chaetomium convolutum. Org Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ol302943v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Bo Xu
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China, Research Center, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610083, P. R. China, and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, P. R. China
| | - Li-Mei Li
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China, Research Center, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610083, P. R. China, and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, P. R. China
| | - Tao Yang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China, Research Center, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610083, P. R. China, and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, P. R. China
| | - Guo-Lin Zhang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China, Research Center, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610083, P. R. China, and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, P. R. China
| | - Guo-You Li
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China, Research Center, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610083, P. R. China, and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, P. R. China
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