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Mazharian A, Senis YA. Defining and Harnessing the Megakaryocyte/Platelet Checkpoint. Mol Cell Biol 2025; 45:116-128. [PMID: 39991916 DOI: 10.1080/10985549.2025.2451279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2024] [Revised: 12/18/2024] [Accepted: 12/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2025] Open
Abstract
Platelets, or thrombocytes are anucleate cell fragments of megakaryocytes (MKs) that are highly reactive to sites of vascular injury and implicated in many pathologies. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating the number and activity of platelets in the circulation remain undefined. The primary outstanding question remains what is the triggering mechanism of platelet production, or thrombopoiesis? Putative stimulatory factors and mechanical forces are thought to drive this process, but none induce physiological levels of thrombopoiesis. Intrinsic inhibitory mechanisms that maintain MKs in a refractory state in sites of thrombopoiesis are conspicuously overlooked, as well as extrinsic cues that release this brake system, allowing asymmetric platelet production to proceed toward the vascular lumen. Here we introduce the novel concept of a MK/platelet checkpoint, putative components and a working model of how it may be regulated. We postulate that the co-inhibitory receptor G6b-B and the non-transmembrane protein-tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) Shp1 and Shp2 form an inhibitory complex that is the primary gatekeeper of this checkpoint, which is spatiotemporally regulated by the receptor-type PTP CD148 and vascular heparan sulfate proteoglycans. By advancing this alternative model of thrombopoiesis, we hope to stimulate discourse and a shift in how we conceptualize and address this fundamental question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Mazharian
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité Mixte de Recherche-S 1255, Etablissement Français du Sang Grand Est, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Yotis A Senis
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité Mixte de Recherche-S 1255, Etablissement Français du Sang Grand Est, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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2
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Arokiasamy S, Balderstone MJM, Shaik F, Cristante E, Moseley TC, Madoo A, Rizzi M, Bainbridge JW, Tsoyi K, Rosas IO, Whiteford JR, De Rossi G. QM107, a novel CD148 (RTP Type J) activating peptide therapy for treating neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Br J Pharmacol 2025; 182:951-968. [PMID: 39428594 DOI: 10.1111/bph.17362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Revised: 08/29/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 10/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Angiogenesis is a pathological component of neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Current therapies, although successful, are prone to high levels of patient non-response and a loss of efficacy over time, indicating the need to explore other therapeutic avenues. We have shown that an interaction between syndecan-2 and the tyrosine phosphatase receptor CD148 (RTP Type J) results in the ablation of angiogenesis. Here we exploit this pathway to develop a peptide activator of CD148 as a therapy for neovascular age-related macular degeneration. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We tested a peptide (QM107) derived from syndecan-2 in a variety of angiogenesis models and a pre-clinical model of neovascular age-related macular degeneration. We assessed the toxicological and inflammatory profiles of QM107 and its stability in vitreous humour. KEY RESULTS QM107 inhibits angiogenesis in ex vivo sprouting assays and disrupts endothelial microcapillary formation via inhibition of cell migration. QM107 acts through CD148, leading to changes in GSK3A phosphorylation and β1 integrin activation. QM107 elicits a negligible inflammatory response and exhibits limited toxicity in cultured cells, and is stable in vitreous humour. Finally, we show proof of concept that QM107 blocks angiogenesis in vivo using a model of neovascular age-related macular degeneration. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS We have developed a CD148 activating peptide which shows promise in inhibiting angiogenesis in models of neovascular age-related macular degeneration. This treatment could either represent an alternative or augment existing therapies, and owing to its distinct mode of action be used in patients who do not respond to existing treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Arokiasamy
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Michaela J M Balderstone
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Faheem Shaik
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Enrico Cristante
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Thomas C Moseley
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Akshay Madoo
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Matteo Rizzi
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - James W Bainbridge
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Konstantin Tsoyi
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ivan O Rosas
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - James R Whiteford
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Giulia De Rossi
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
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El Badaoui L, Barr AJ. Analysis of Receptor-Type Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Extracellular Regions with Insights from AlphaFold. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:820. [PMID: 38255894 PMCID: PMC10815196 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatases (RPTPs) are involved in a wide variety of physiological functions which are mediated via their diverse extracellular regions. They play key roles in cell-cell contacts, bind various ligands and are regulated by dimerization and other processes. Depending on the subgroup, they have been described as everything from 'rigid rods' to 'floppy tentacles'. Here, we review current experimental structural knowledge on the extracellular region of RPTPs and draw on AlphaFold structural predictions to provide further insights into structure and function of these cellular signalling molecules, which are often mutated in disease and are recognised as drug targets. In agreement with experimental data, AlphaFold predicted structures for extracellular regions of R1, and R2B subgroup RPTPs have an extended conformation, whereas R2B RPTPs are twisted, reflecting their high flexibility. For the R3 PTPs, AlphaFold predicts that members of this subgroup adopt an extended conformation while others are twisted, and that certain members, such as CD148, have one or more large, disordered loop regions in place of fibronectin type 3 domains suggested by sequence analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alastair J. Barr
- School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, 115 New Cavendish Street, London W1W 6UW, UK;
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4
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Cox EM, El-Behi M, Ries S, Vogt JF, Kohlhaas V, Michna T, Manfroi B, Al-Maarri M, Wanke F, Tirosh B, Pondarre C, Lezeau H, Yogev N, Mittenzwei R, Descatoire M, Weller S, Weill JC, Reynaud CA, Boudinot P, Jouneau L, Tenzer S, Distler U, Rensing-Ehl A, König C, Staniek J, Rizzi M, Magérus A, Rieux-Laucat F, Wunderlich FT, Hövelmeyer N, Fillatreau S. AKT activity orchestrates marginal zone B cell development in mice and humans. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112378. [PMID: 37060566 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The signals controlling marginal zone (MZ) and follicular (FO) B cell development remain incompletely understood. Here, we show that AKT orchestrates MZ B cell formation in mice and humans. Genetic models that increase AKT signaling in B cells or abolish its impact on FoxO transcription factors highlight the AKT-FoxO axis as an on-off switch for MZ B cell formation in mice. In humans, splenic immunoglobulin (Ig) D+CD27+ B cells, proposed as an MZ B cell equivalent, display higher AKT signaling than naive IgD+CD27- and memory IgD-CD27+ B cells and develop in an AKT-dependent manner from their precursors in vitro, underlining the conservation of this developmental pathway. Consistently, CD148 is identified as a receptor indicative of the level of AKT signaling in B cells, expressed at a higher level in MZ B cells than FO B cells in mice as well as humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva-Maria Cox
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Mainz, University Hospital of Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Mohamed El-Behi
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR 8253, 156-160, rue de Vaugirard, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Stefanie Ries
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, a Leibniz Institute, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes F Vogt
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Mainz, University Hospital of Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Vivien Kohlhaas
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD), 50931 Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), 50931 Cologne, Germany; Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (CEDP) Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Michna
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Centre of the Johannes-Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Benoît Manfroi
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR 8253, 156-160, rue de Vaugirard, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Mona Al-Maarri
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD), 50931 Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), 50931 Cologne, Germany; Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (CEDP) Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Florian Wanke
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Mainz, University Hospital of Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Boaz Tirosh
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Institute for Drug Research, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Corinne Pondarre
- Service de Pédiatrie Générale, Centre de Référence de la Drépanocytose, Centre Intercommunal de Créteil, Créteil, France; Inserm U955, Université Paris XII, Créteil, France
| | - Harry Lezeau
- Service de Pédiatrie Générale, Centre de Référence de la Drépanocytose, Centre Intercommunal de Créteil, Créteil, France; Inserm U955, Université Paris XII, Créteil, France
| | - Nir Yogev
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Romy Mittenzwei
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Mainz, University Hospital of Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Marc Descatoire
- Laboratory of Immune Inherited Disorders, Department of Immunology and Allergology Lausanne Hospital CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Weller
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR 8253, 156-160, rue de Vaugirard, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Claude Weill
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR 8253, 156-160, rue de Vaugirard, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Claude-Agnès Reynaud
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR 8253, 156-160, rue de Vaugirard, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Pierre Boudinot
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UVSQ, VIM, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Luc Jouneau
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UVSQ, VIM, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Stefan Tenzer
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Centre of the Johannes-Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany; Research Centre for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center of the Johannes-Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany; Helmholtz Institute for Translational Oncology Mainz (HI-TRON Mainz), Mainz, Germany
| | - Ute Distler
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Centre of the Johannes-Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Anne Rensing-Ehl
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christoph König
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; University of Freiburg, Faculty of Biology, Schaenzlestrasse 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Julian Staniek
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marta Rizzi
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Division of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Aude Magérus
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, Laboratory of Immunogenetics of Pediatric Autoimmune Diseases, INSERM UMR 1163, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Frederic Rieux-Laucat
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, Laboratory of Immunogenetics of Pediatric Autoimmune Diseases, INSERM UMR 1163, 75015 Paris, France
| | - F Thomas Wunderlich
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD), 50931 Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), 50931 Cologne, Germany; Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (CEDP) Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Nadine Hövelmeyer
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Mainz, University Hospital of Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; Research Centre for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center of the Johannes-Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Simon Fillatreau
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR 8253, 156-160, rue de Vaugirard, 75015 Paris, France; Université de Paris Cité, Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France; AP-HP, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France.
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Lv Z, Wang T, Cao X, Sun M, Qu Y. The role of receptor‐type protein tyrosine phosphatases in cancer. PRECISION MEDICAL SCIENCES 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/prm2.12090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyuan Lv
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Science Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Tianming Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Science Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
- Central Laboratory, Translational Medicine Research Center The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital with Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Xin Cao
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Science Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Mengting Sun
- Biobank of Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Yuan Qu
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
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6
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Stueven NA, Beauvais DM, Hu R, Kimple RJ, Rapraeger AC. Inhibiting IGF1R-mediated Survival Signaling in Head and Neck Cancer with the Peptidomimetic SSTN IGF1R. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 3:97-108. [PMID: 36968227 PMCID: PMC10035507 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-22-0274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that the type I IGFR (IGF1R) suppresses apoptosis when it is autoactivated by coupling its extracellular domain to a matrix adhesion receptor complex consisting of syndecan-1 (Sdc1) and αvβ3 or αvβ5 integrin. We now report that head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) relies on this receptor complex. Disruption of the complex in HNSCC cells in vitro with a peptide mimetic of the organizer site in Sdc1 (called SSTNIGF1R) inactivates IGF1R, even in the presence of IGF1, and relieves the suppression of apoptosis signal-regulating kinase-1 (ASK1), dramatically reducing tumor cell survival. Normal epithelial cells do not assemble this receptor complex, require IGF1 to activate the IGF1R, and are refractory to SSTNIGF1R. In vivo, SSTNIGF1R reduced the growth of patient-derived HNSCC tumors in immunodeficient mice by 85%-95%. IGF1R's assimilation into the matrix receptor complex, which is detected in these tumors using the proximity ligation assay (PLA), is quantitatively disrupted by SSTNIGF1R, coinciding with ASK1 activation. PLA also detects the IGF1R-containing receptor complex in the archival sections of tonsil carcinomas, whereas the adjacent benign epithelium is negative. Likewise, PLA screening of oropharyngeal and adenoid cystic tumor microarrays demonstrated that over 95% of the tumors contained this unique receptor complex with no detectable expression in benign tissue. These findings suggest that HNSCC upregulates and is highly dependent on IGF1R signaling via this adhesion receptor complex. Targeting this mechanism with novel therapeutics, including highly specific SSTNIGF1R, is likely to offer promising outcomes for patients with carcinoma. Significance A newly developed biomarker reveals upregulation of an antiapoptotic IGF1R-integrin-syndecan receptor complex in head and neck cancer and documents disruption of the complex in patient-derived tumor xenografts (PDX) treated with the inhibitor SSTNIGF1R. A corresponding blockade in PDX growth in the presence of this inhibitor demonstrates that therapies designed to target this mechanism will likely offer promising outcomes for patients with head and neck cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah A. Stueven
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | | | - Rong Hu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Randall J. Kimple
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Alan C. Rapraeger
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
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Simons M, Toomre D. YES to Junctions, No to Src. NATURE CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH 2022; 1:1116-1118. [PMID: 36938496 PMCID: PMC10021110 DOI: 10.1038/s44161-022-00185-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Regulation of the endothelial barrier function is critical to physiological function of the vasculature, which must dynamically change in a number of physiologic and pathologic settings. A new study emphasizes the complex relationship between VE-cadherin phosphorylation , the critical role of YES in this process, and the vascular leak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Simons
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511
| | - Derek Toomre
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511
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8
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Itoh Y. Proteolytic modulation of tumor microenvironment signals during cancer progression. Front Oncol 2022; 12:935231. [PMID: 36132127 PMCID: PMC9483212 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.935231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Under normal conditions, the cellular microenvironment is optimized for the proper functioning of the tissues and organs. Cells recognize and communicate with the surrounding cells and extracellular matrix to maintain homeostasis. When cancer arises, the cellular microenvironment is modified to optimize its malignant growth, evading the host immune system and finding ways to invade and metastasize to other organs. One means is a proteolytic modification of the microenvironment and the signaling molecules. It is now well accepted that cancer progression relies on not only the performance of cancer cells but also the surrounding microenvironment. This mini-review discusses the current understanding of the proteolytic modification of the microenvironment signals during cancer progression.
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Wasik A, Ratajczak-Wielgomas K, Badzinski A, Dziegiel P, Podhorska-Okolow M. The Role of Periostin in Angiogenesis and Lymphangiogenesis in Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14174225. [PMID: 36077762 PMCID: PMC9454705 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cancers are common diseases that affect people of all ages worldwide. For this reason, continuous attempts are being made to improve current therapeutic options. The formation of metastases significantly decreases patient survival. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms that are involved in this process seems to be crucial for effective cancer therapy. Cancer dissemination occurs mainly through blood and lymphatic vessels. As a result, many scientists have conducted a number of studies on the formation of new vessels. Many studies have shown that proangiogenic factors and the extracellular matrix protein, i.e., periostin, may be important in tumor angio- and lymphangiogenesis, thus contributing to metastasis formation and worsening of the prognosis. Abstract Periostin (POSTN) is a protein that is part of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and which significantly affects the control of intracellular signaling pathways (PI3K-AKT, FAK) through binding integrin receptors (αvβ3, αvβ5, α6β4). In addition, increased POSTN expression enhances the expression of VEGF family growth factors and promotes Erk phosphorylation. As a result, this glycoprotein controls the Erk/VEGF pathway. Therefore, it plays a crucial role in the formation of new blood and lymphatic vessels, which may be significant in the process of metastasis. Moreover, POSTN is involved in the proliferation, progression, migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of tumor cells. Its increased expression has been detected in many cancers, including breast cancer, ovarian cancer, non-small cell lung carcinoma and glioblastoma. Many studies have shown that this protein may be an independent prognostic and predictive factor in many cancers, which may influence the choice of optimal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Wasik
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Ratajczak-Wielgomas
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Arkadiusz Badzinski
- Silesian Nanomicroscopy Center, Silesia LabMed: Research and Implementation Center, Medical University of Silesia, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Piotr Dziegiel
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
- Department of Human Biology, Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences, 51-612 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marzenna Podhorska-Okolow
- Department of Human Biology, Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences, 51-612 Wroclaw, Poland
- Department of Ultrastructural Research, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
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10
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Beauvais DM, Nelson SE, Adams KM, Stueven NA, Jung O, Rapraeger AC. Plasma membrane proteoglycans syndecan-2 and syndecan-4 engage with EGFR and RON kinase to sustain carcinoma cell cycle progression. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102029. [PMID: 35569509 PMCID: PMC9190016 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a causal factor in carcinoma, yet many carcinoma patients are resistant to EGFR inhibitors. Potential insight into this resistance stems from prior work that showed EGFR in normal epithelial cells docks to the extracellular domain of the plasma membrane proteoglycan syndecan-4 (Sdc4) engaged with α3β1 and α6β4 integrins. We now report that this receptor complex is modified by the recruitment of syndecan-2 (Sdc2), the Recepteur d'Origine Nantais (RON) tyrosine kinase, and the cellular signaling mediator Abelson murine leukemia viral oncogene homolog 1 (ABL1) in triple-negative breast carcinoma and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, where it contributes to EGFR kinase-independent proliferation. Treatment with a peptide mimetic of the EGFR docking site in the extracellular domain of Sdc4 (called SSTNEGFR) disrupts the entire complex and causes a rapid, global arrest of the cell cycle. Normal epithelial cells do not recruit these additional receptors to the adhesion mechanism and are not arrested by SSTNEGFR. Although EGFR docking with Sdc4 in the tumor cells is required, cell cycle progression does not depend on EGFR kinase. Instead, progression depends on RON kinase, activated by its incorporation into the complex. RON activates ABL1, which suppresses p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and prevents a p38-mediated signal that would otherwise arrest the cell cycle. These findings add to the growing list of receptor tyrosine kinases that support tumorigenesis when activated by their association with syndecans at sites of matrix adhesion and identify new potential targets for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- DeannaLee M Beauvais
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Scott E Nelson
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Kristin M Adams
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Noah A Stueven
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Oisun Jung
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Alan C Rapraeger
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
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11
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Richards M, Claesson-Welsh L. Targeting VEGF-induced vascular permeability. NATURE CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH 2022; 1:413-414. [PMID: 39195948 DOI: 10.1038/s44161-022-00066-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Richards
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Lena Claesson-Welsh
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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12
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Corti F, Ristori E, Rivera-Molina F, Toomre D, Zhang J, Mihailovic J, Zhuang ZW, Simons M. Syndecan-2 selectively regulates VEGF-induced vascular permeability. NATURE CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH 2022; 1:518-528. [PMID: 36212522 PMCID: PMC9544384 DOI: 10.1038/s44161-022-00064-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)- driven increase in vascular permeability is a key feature of many disease states associated with inflammation and ischemic injury, contributing significantly to morbidity and mortality in these settings. Despite its importance, no specific regulators that preferentially control VEGF-dependent increase in permeability versus its other biological activities, have been identified. Here we report that a proteoglycan Syndecan-2 (Sdc2) regulates the interaction between a transmembrane phosphatase DEP1 and VEGFR2 by controlling cell surface levels of DEP1. In the absence of Sdc2 or the presence of an antibody that blocks Sdc2-DEP1 interaction, increased plasma membrane DEP1 levels promote selective dephosphorylation of the VEGFR2 Y951 site that is involved in permeability control. Either an endothelial-specific Sdc2 deletion or a treatment with an anti-Sdc2 antibody result in a highly significant reduction in stroke size due to a decrease in intracerebral edema.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Corti
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - E Ristori
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - F Rivera-Molina
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - D Toomre
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - J Zhang
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - J Mihailovic
- Department of Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Z W Zhuang
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - M Simons
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
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13
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Itoh Y. Modulation of Microenvironment Signals by Proteolytic Shedding of Cell Surface Extracellular Matrix Receptors. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:736735. [PMID: 34796172 PMCID: PMC8593224 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.736735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Multicellular organisms are composed of cells and extracellular matrix (ECM). ECM is a network of multidomain macromolecules that fills gaps between cells. It acts as a glue to connect cells, provides scaffolding for migrating cells, and pools cytokines and growth factors. ECM also directly sends signals to the cells through ECM receptors, providing survival signals and migration cues. Altogether, ECM provides a correct microenvironment for the cells to function in the tissue. Although ECM acts as a signaling molecule, they are insoluble solid molecules, unlike soluble receptor ligands such as cytokines and growth factors. Upon cell binding to the ECM through ECM receptors and signals transmitted, cells then need to have a mechanism to release from ECM to prevent prolonged signals, which may be tumorigenic, and migrate on ECM. One effective means to release the cells from ECM is to cleave the ECM receptors by proteinases. In this mini-review, current knowledge of ECM receptor shedding will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Itoh
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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14
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He L, Takahashi K, Pasic L, Narui C, Ellinger P, Grundmann M, Takahashi T. The effects of CD148 Q276P/R326Q polymorphisms in A431D epidermoid cancer cell proliferation and epidermal growth factor receptor signaling. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2021; 5:e1566. [PMID: 34791835 PMCID: PMC9458507 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CD148 is a transmembrane protein tyrosine phosphatase that is expressed in multiple cell types. Previous studies have shown that CD148 dephosphorylates growth factor receptors and their signaling molecules, including EGFR and ERK1/2, and negatively regulates cancer cell growth. Furthermore, research of clinical patients has shown that highly linked CD148 gene polymorphisms, Gln276Pro (Q276P) and Arg326Gln (R326Q), are associated with an increased risk of several types of cancer. However, the biological effects of these missense mutations have not been studied. AIM We aimed to determine the biological effects of CD148 Q276P/R326Q mutations in cancer cell proliferation and growth factor signaling, with emphasis on EGFR signaling. METHODS CD148 forms, wild-type (WT) or Q276P/R326Q, were retrovirally introduced into A431D epidermoid carcinoma cells that lacks CD148 expression. The stable cells that express comparable levels of CD148 were sorted by flow cytometry. A431D cells infected with empty retrovirus was used as a control. CD148 localization, cell proliferation rate, EGFR signaling, and the response to thrombospondin-1 (TSP1), a CD148 ligand, were assessed by immunostaining, cell proliferation assay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and Western blotting. RESULTS Both CD148 forms (WT, Q276P/R326Q) were distributed to cell surface and all three cell lines expressed same level of EGFR. Compared to control cells, the A431D cells that express CD148 forms showed significantly lower cell proliferation rates. EGF-induced EGFR and ERK1/2 phosphorylation as well as cell proliferation were also significantly reduced in these cells. Furthermore, TSP1 inhibited cell proliferation in CD148 (WT, Q276P/R326Q)-expressing A431D cells, while it showed no effects in control cells. However, significant differences were not observed between CD148 WT and Q276P/R326Q cells. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrates that Q276P/R326Q mutations do not have major effects on TSP1-CD148 interaction as well as on CD148's cellular localization and activity to inhibit EGFR signaling and cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilly He
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Keiko Takahashi
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Lejla Pasic
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Chikage Narui
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Philipp Ellinger
- Bayer AG Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Manuel Grundmann
- Bayer AG Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Takamune Takahashi
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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15
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Redente EF. How Do We Know What We Are Missing? Loss of Signaling through CD148 Drives Fibroblast Activation in Pulmonary Fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2021; 204:249-251. [PMID: 33891825 PMCID: PMC8513589 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202103-0737ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth F Redente
- Department of Pediatrics National Jewish Health Denver, Colorado and.,Department of Medicine University of Colorado School of Medicine Aurora, Colorado
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16
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Tsoyi K, Liang X, De Rossi G, Ryter SW, Xiong K, Chu SG, Liu X, Ith B, Celada LJ, Romero F, Robertson MJ, Esposito AJ, Poli S, El-Chemaly S, Perrella MA, Shi Y, Whiteford J, Rosas IO. CD148 Deficiency in Fibroblasts Promotes the Development of Pulmonary Fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2021; 204:312-325. [PMID: 33784491 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202008-3100oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: CD148/PTRJ (receptor-like protein tyrosine phosphatase η) exerts antifibrotic effects in experimental pulmonary fibrosis via interactions with its ligand syndecan-2; however, the role of CD148 in human pulmonary fibrosis remains incompletely characterized.Objectives: We investigated the role of CD148 in the profibrotic phenotype of fibroblasts in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF).Methods: Conditional CD148 fibroblast-specific knockout mice were generated and exposed to bleomycin and then assessed for pulmonary fibrosis. Lung fibroblasts (mouse lung and human IPF lung), and precision-cut lung slices from human patients with IPF were isolated and subjected to experimental treatments. A CD148-activating 18-aa mimetic peptide (SDC2-pep) derived from syndecan-2 was evaluated for its therapeutic potential.Measurements and Main Results: CD148 expression was downregulated in IPF lungs and fibroblasts. In human IPF lung fibroblasts, silencing of CD148 increased extracellular matrix production and resistance to apoptosis, whereas overexpression of CD148 reversed the profibrotic phenotype. CD148 fibroblast-specific knockout mice displayed increased pulmonary fibrosis after bleomycin challenge compared with control mice. CD148-deficient fibroblasts exhibited hyperactivated PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling, reduced autophagy, and increased p62 accumulation, which induced NF-κB activation and profibrotic gene expression. SDC2-pep reduced pulmonary fibrosis in vivo and inhibited IPF-derived fibroblast activation. In precision-cut lung slices from patients with IPF and control patients, SDC2-pep attenuated profibrotic gene expression in IPF and normal lungs stimulated with profibrotic stimuli.Conclusions: Lung fibroblast CD148 activation reduces p62 accumulation, which exerts antifibrotic effects by inhibiting NF-κB-mediated profibrotic gene expression. Targeting the CD148 phosphatase with activating ligands such as SDC2-pep may represent a potential therapeutic strategy in IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Tsoyi
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Xiaoliang Liang
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Giulia De Rossi
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan W Ryter
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Kevin Xiong
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Sarah G Chu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Bonna Ith
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Lindsay J Celada
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Freddy Romero
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Matthew J Robertson
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Anthony J Esposito
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Sergio Poli
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Souheil El-Chemaly
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Mark A Perrella
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - YuanYuan Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - James Whiteford
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ivan O Rosas
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and
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17
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Betriu N, Bertran-Mas J, Andreeva A, Semino CE. Syndecans and Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11030349. [PMID: 33669066 PMCID: PMC7996579 DOI: 10.3390/biom11030349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a fatal disease with poor prognosis because patients rarely express symptoms in initial stages, which prevents early detection and diagnosis. Syndecans, a subfamily of proteoglycans, are involved in many physiological processes including cell proliferation, adhesion, and migration. Syndecans are physiologically found in many cell types and their interactions with other macromolecules enhance many pathways. In particular, extracellular matrix components, growth factors, and integrins collect the majority of syndecans associations acting as biochemical, physical, and mechanical transducers. Syndecans are transmembrane glycoproteins, but occasionally their extracellular domain can be released from the cell surface by the action of matrix metalloproteinases, converting them into soluble molecules that are capable of binding distant molecules such as extracellular matrix (ECM) components, growth factor receptors, and integrins from other cells. In this review, we explore the role of syndecans in tumorigenesis as well as their potential as therapeutic targets. Finally, this work reviews the contribution of syndecan-1 and syndecan-2 in PDAC progression and illustrates its potential to be targeted in future treatments for this devastating disease.
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18
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Shalev M, Arman E, Stein M, Cohen-Sharir Y, Brumfeld V, Kapishnikov S, Royal I, Tuckermann J, Elson A. PTPRJ promotes osteoclast maturation and activity by inhibiting Cbl-mediated ubiquitination of NFATc1 in late osteoclastogenesis. FEBS J 2021; 288:4702-4723. [PMID: 33605542 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Bone-resorbing osteoclasts (OCLs) are multinucleated phagocytes, whose central roles in regulating bone formation and homeostasis are critical for normal health and development. OCLs are produced from precursor monocytes in a multistage process that includes initial differentiation, cell-cell fusion, and subsequent functional and morphological maturation; the molecular regulation of osteoclastogenesis is not fully understood. Here, we identify the receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatase PTPRJ as an essential regulator specifically of OCL maturation. Monocytes from PTPRJ-deficient (JKO) mice differentiate and fuse normally, but their maturation into functional OCLs and their ability to degrade bone are severely inhibited. In agreement, mice lacking PTPRJ throughout their bodies or only in OCLs exhibit increased bone mass due to reduced OCL-mediated bone resorption. We further show that PTPRJ promotes OCL maturation by dephosphorylating the M-CSF receptor (M-CSFR) and Cbl, thus reducing the ubiquitination and degradation of the key osteoclastogenic transcription factor NFATc1. Loss of PTPRJ increases ubiquitination of NFATc1 and reduces its amounts at later stages of osteoclastogenesis, thereby inhibiting OCL maturation. PTPRJ thus fulfills an essential and cell-autonomous role in promoting OCL maturation by balancing between the pro- and anti-osteoclastogenic activities of the M-CSFR and maintaining NFATc1 expression during late osteoclastogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moran Shalev
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Esther Arman
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Merle Stein
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology, University of Ulm, Germany
| | - Yael Cohen-Sharir
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Vlad Brumfeld
- Department of Chemical Research Support, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sergey Kapishnikov
- Department of Chemical Research Support, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Isabelle Royal
- CRCHUM - Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, QC, Canada.,Institut du Cancer de Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jan Tuckermann
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology, University of Ulm, Germany
| | - Ari Elson
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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19
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Gopal S, Arokiasamy S, Pataki C, Whiteford JR, Couchman JR. Syndecan receptors: pericellular regulators in development and inflammatory disease. Open Biol 2021; 11:200377. [PMID: 33561383 PMCID: PMC8061687 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.200377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The syndecans are the major family of transmembrane proteoglycans, usually bearing multiple heparan sulfate chains. They are present on virtually all nucleated cells of vertebrates and are also present in invertebrates, indicative of a long evolutionary history. Genetic models in both vertebrates and invertebrates have shown that syndecans link to the actin cytoskeleton and can fine-tune cell adhesion, migration, junction formation, polarity and differentiation. Although often associated as co-receptors with other classes of receptors (e.g. integrins, growth factor and morphogen receptors), syndecans can nonetheless signal to the cytoplasm in discrete ways. Syndecan expression levels are upregulated in development, tissue repair and an array of human diseases, which has led to the increased appreciation that they may be important in pathogenesis not only as diagnostic or prognostic agents, but also as potential targets. Here, their functions in development and inflammatory diseases are summarized, including their potential roles as conduits for viral pathogen entry into cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Gopal
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Samantha Arokiasamy
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Csilla Pataki
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Biocentre 1.3.16, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - James R. Whiteford
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - John R. Couchman
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Biocentre 1.3.16, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
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20
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Salinas-Marín R, Villanueva-Cabello TM, Martínez-Duncker I. Biology of Proteoglycans and Associated Glycosaminoglycans. COMPREHENSIVE GLYCOSCIENCE 2021:63-102. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-819475-1.00065-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2025]
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21
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Mathiesen SB, Lunde M, Stensland M, Martinsen M, Nyman TA, Christensen G, Carlson CR. The Cardiac Syndecan-2 Interactome. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:792. [PMID: 32984315 PMCID: PMC7483480 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is important in cardiac remodeling and syndecans have gained increased interest in this process due to their ability to convert changes in the ECM to cell signaling. In particular, syndecan-4 has been shown to be important for cardiac remodeling, whereas the role of its close relative syndecan-2 is largely unknown in the heart. To get more insight into the role of syndecan-2, we here sought to identify interaction partners of syndecan-2 in rat left ventricle. By using three different affinity purification methods combined with mass spectrometry (MS) analysis, we identified 30 novel partners and 9 partners previously described in the literature, which together make up the first cardiac syndecan-2 interactome. Eleven of the novel partners were also verified in HEK293 cells (i.e., AP2A2, CAVIN2, DDX19A, EIF4E, JPH2, MYL12A, NSF, PFDN2, PSMC5, PSMD11, and RRAD). The cardiac syndecan-2 interactome partners formed connections to each other and grouped into clusters mainly involved in cytoskeletal remodeling and protein metabolism, but also into a cluster consisting of a family of novel syndecan-2 interaction partners, the CAVINs. MS analyses revealed that although syndecan-2 was significantly enriched in fibroblast fractions, most of its partners were present in both cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts. Finally, a comparison of the cardiac syndecan-2 and -4 interactomes revealed surprisingly few protein partners in common.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Bech Mathiesen
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research and Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marianne Lunde
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research and Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Maria Stensland
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marita Martinsen
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research and Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tuula A Nyman
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Geir Christensen
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research and Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Cathrine Rein Carlson
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research and Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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22
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Huo YH, Wang YN, Meng LB, Zhang AL, Liu B. Progress in the correlation between PTPN12 gene expression and human tumors. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e20445. [PMID: 32541467 PMCID: PMC7302617 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000020445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The global morbidity of cancer is rising rapidly. Despite advances in molecular biology, immunology, and cytotoxic and immune-anticancer therapies, cancer remains a major cause of death worldwide. Protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 12 (PTPN12) is a new member of the cytoplasmic protein tyrosine phosphatase family, isolated from a cDNA library of adult colon tissue. Thus far, no studies have reviewed the correlation between PTPN12 gene expression and human tumors. METHODS This article summarizes the latest domestic and international research developments on how the expression of PTPN12 relates to human tumors. The extensive search in Web of Science and PubMed with the keywords including PTPN12, tumor, renal cell carcinoma, proto-oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes was undertaken. RESULTS More and more studies have shown that a tumor is essentially a genetic disease, arising from a broken antagonistic function between proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. When their antagonistic effect is out of balance, it may cause uncontrolled growth of cells and lead to the occurrence of tumors. PTPN12 is a tumor suppressor gene, so inhibiting its activity will lead directly or indirectly to the occurrence of tumors. CONCLUSION The etiology, prevention, and treatment of tumors have become the focus of research around the world. PTPN12 is a tumor suppressor gene. In the future, PTPN12 might serve as a novel molecular marker to benefit patients, and even the development of tumor suppressor gene activation agents can form a practical research direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-hu Huo
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai
| | - Ya-ni Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei
| | - Ling-bing Meng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei
| | - Ai-li Zhang
- Department of Urinary Surgery, The fourth hospital of Hebei medical university, P. R. China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Urinary Surgery, The fourth hospital of Hebei medical university, P. R. China
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23
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Adhesion and growth factor receptor crosstalk mechanisms controlling cell migration. Essays Biochem 2020; 63:553-567. [PMID: 31551325 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20190025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cell migration requires cells to sense and interpret an array of extracellular signals to precisely co-ordinate adhesion dynamics, local application of mechanical force, polarity signalling and cytoskeletal dynamics. Adhesion receptors and growth factor receptors (GFRs) exhibit functional and signalling characteristics that individually contribute to cell migration. Integrins transmit bidirectional mechanical forces and transduce long-range intracellular signals. GFRs are fast acting and highly sensitive signalling machines that initiate signalling cascades to co-ordinate global cellular processes. Syndecans are microenvironment sensors that regulate GTPases to control receptor trafficking, cytoskeletal remodelling and adhesion dynamics. However, an array of crosstalk mechanisms exists, which co-ordinate and integrate the functions of the different receptor families. Here we discuss the nature of adhesion receptor and GFR crosstalk mechanisms. The unifying theme is that efficient cell migration requires precise spatial and temporal co-ordination of receptor crosstalk. However, a higher order of complexity emerges; whereby multiple crosstalk mechanisms are integrated and subject to both positive and negative feedbacks. Exquisite and sensitive control of these mechanisms ensures that mechanical forces and pro-migratory signals are triggered in the right place and at the right time during cell migration. Finally, we discuss the challenges, and potential therapeutic benefits, associated with deciphering this complexity.
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24
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Liyanage DS, Omeka WKM, Tharuka MDN, Jung S, Lee S, Lee J. Molecular insights and immune responses of big belly seahorse syndecan-2 (CD362): Involvement of ectodomain in regulating cell survival, proliferation, and wound healing. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 98:457-465. [PMID: 31982583 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Syndecan-2, also known as CD362, is a transmembrane heparan sulfate proteoglycan which regulates cell growth, proliferation, cell adhesion, wound healing, and recruits immune cells. In the present study, we performed bioinformatics, spatial and temporal expression analyses of Hippocampus abdominalis syndecan-2 (HaSDC-2). Additionally, functional assays were conducted. HaSDC-2 has five major domains; an extracellular heparan sulfate attachment domain, a co-receptor binding domain, a transmembrane domain, two conserved domains (C1 domain, C2 domain), and a variable (V) domain. The ectodomain contained a signal peptide and GAG attachment sites. In-silico analysis revealed that HaSDC-2 contained a 798 bp long ORF and protein sequence of 265 amino acid residues. Further analysis of the amino acid sequence predicted a 28.9 kDa molecular weight and a 4.13 theoretical isoelectric point. The spatial expression of HaSDC-2 was ubiquitous in all tested tissues. HaSDC-2 expression in the liver was upregulated 24 h post-injection in response to all stimuli. Further, HaSDC-2 expression in blood cells was upregulated at 12 and 72 h post-injection in response to all the stimuli. HaSDC-2 + pcDNA™3.1(+) transfected cells exhibited significant survival in response to cell stressors such as H2O2 and HED. The ectodomain of recombinant HaSDC-2 treated cells showed significant cell proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner. The scratch wound healing assay showed significant Δ gap closures with increasing concentrations of HaSDC-2. Collectively, these results indicated that syndecan-2 was involved in regulating immune responses and cell stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Liyanage
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - W K M Omeka
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - M D Neranjan Tharuka
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63333, Republic of Korea
| | - Sumi Jung
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63333, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukkyoung Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63333, Republic of Korea
| | - Jehee Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63333, Republic of Korea.
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25
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Abstract
Exosomes are secreted vesicles involved in signaling processes. The biogenesis of a class of these extracellular vesicles depends on syntenin, and on the interaction of this cytosolic protein with syndecans. Heparanase, largely an endosomal enzyme, acts as a regulator of the syndecan-syntenin-exosome biogenesis pathway. The upregulation of syntenin and heparanase in cancers may support the suspected roles of exosomes in tumor biology.
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Bloch E, Sikorski EL, Pontoriero D, Day EK, Berger BW, Lazzara MJ, Thévenin D. Disrupting the transmembrane domain-mediated oligomerization of protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor J inhibits EGFR-driven cancer cell phenotypes. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:18796-18806. [PMID: 31676686 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.010229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptor protein tyrosine phosphatases (RPTPs) play critical regulatory roles in mammalian signal transduction. However, the structural basis for the regulation of their catalytic activity is not fully understood, and RPTPs are generally not therapeutically targetable. This knowledge gap is partially due to the lack of known natural ligands or selective agonists of RPTPs. Contrary to what is known from structure-function studies of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), RPTP activities have been reported to be suppressed by dimerization, which may prevent RPTPs from accessing their RTK substrates. We report here that homodimerization of protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor J (PTPRJ, also known as DEP-1) is regulated by specific transmembrane (TM) residues. We found that disrupting these interactions destabilizes homodimerization of full-length PTPRJ in cells, reduces the phosphorylation of the known PTPRJ substrate epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and of other downstream signaling effectors, antagonizes EGFR-driven cell phenotypes, and promotes substrate access. We demonstrate these observations in human cancer cells using mutational studies and identified a peptide that binds to the PTPRJ TM domain and represents the first example of an allosteric agonist of RPTPs. The results of our study provide fundamental structural and functional insights into how PTPRJ activity is tuned by TM interactions in cells. Our findings also open up opportunities for developing peptide-based agents that could be used as tools to probe RPTPs' signaling mechanisms or to manage cancers driven by RTK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Bloch
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015
| | - Eden L Sikorski
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015
| | - David Pontoriero
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903
| | - Evan K Day
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903
| | - Bryan W Berger
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903
| | - Matthew J Lazzara
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903
| | - Damien Thévenin
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015.
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27
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Jannaway M, Yang X, Meegan JE, Coleman DC, Yuan SY. Thrombin-cleaved syndecan-3/-4 ectodomain fragments mediate endothelial barrier dysfunction. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214737. [PMID: 31091226 PMCID: PMC6519803 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The endothelial glycocalyx constitutes part of the endothelial barrier but its degradation leaves endothelial cells exposed to transmigrating cells and circulating mediators that can damage the barrier or promote intercellular gaps. Syndecan proteins are key components of the endothelial glycocalyx and are shed during disease states where expression and activity of proteases such as thrombin are elevated. We tested the ability of thrombin to cleave the ectodomains of syndecans and whether the products could act directly on endothelial cells to alter barrier function. Approach and results Using transmission electron microscopy, we illustrated the presence of glycocalyx in human lung microvasculature. We confirmed expression of all syndecan subtypes on the endothelial surface of agarose-inflated human lungs. ELISA and western blot analysis suggested that thrombin can cleave syndecan-3/-4 ectodomains to produce fragments. In vivo, syndecan-3 ectodomain fragments increased extravasation of albumin-bound Evans blue in mouse lung, indicative of plasma protein leakage into the surrounding tissue. Syndecan-3/-4 ectodomain fragments decreased transendothelial electrical resistance, a measure of cell-cell adhesive barrier integrity, in a manner sensitive to a Rho kinase inhibitor. These effects were independent of glycosylation and thrombin receptor PAR1. Moreover, these cleavage products caused rapid VE-cadherin-based adherens junction disorganization and increased F-actin stress fibers, supporting their direct effect on endothelial paracellular permeability. Conclusions We suggest that thrombin can cleave syndecan-3/4 ectodomain into fragments which interact with endothelial cells causing paracellular hyperpermeability. This may have important implications in the pathogenesis of vascular dysfunction during sepsis or thrombotic disease states where thrombin is activated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Jannaway
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Xiaoyuan Yang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Jamie E. Meegan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Danielle C. Coleman
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Sarah Y. Yuan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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28
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Karamanos NK, Piperigkou Z, Theocharis AD, Watanabe H, Franchi M, Baud S, Brézillon S, Götte M, Passi A, Vigetti D, Ricard-Blum S, Sanderson RD, Neill T, Iozzo RV. Proteoglycan Chemical Diversity Drives Multifunctional Cell Regulation and Therapeutics. Chem Rev 2018; 118:9152-9232. [PMID: 30204432 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nikos K. Karamanos
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras 26110, Greece
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH)/Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT), Patras 26110, Greece
| | - Zoi Piperigkou
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras 26110, Greece
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH)/Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT), Patras 26110, Greece
| | - Achilleas D. Theocharis
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras 26110, Greece
| | - Hideto Watanabe
- Institute for Molecular Science of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Marco Franchi
- Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, Rimini 47100, Italy
| | - Stéphanie Baud
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Laboratoire SiRMa, CNRS UMR MEDyC 7369, Faculté de Médecine, 51 rue Cognacq Jay, Reims 51100, France
| | - Stéphane Brézillon
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Laboratoire de Biochimie Médicale et Biologie Moléculaire, CNRS UMR MEDyC 7369, Faculté de Médecine, 51 rue Cognacq Jay, Reims 51100, France
| | - Martin Götte
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Alberto Passi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese 21100, Italy
| | - Davide Vigetti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese 21100, Italy
| | - Sylvie Ricard-Blum
- University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5246, Institute of Molecular and Supramolecular Chemistry and Biochemistry, Villeurbanne 69622, France
| | - Ralph D. Sanderson
- Department of Pathology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, United States
| | - Thomas Neill
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 10107, United States
| | - Renato V. Iozzo
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 10107, United States
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29
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Sala M, Spensiero A, Scala MC, Pepe G, Bilotta A, Paduano F, D'Agostino S, Lanzillotta D, Bertamino A, Novellino E, Trapasso F, Gomez-Monterrey IM, Campiglia P. Design, Synthesis, Biological Activity, and Structural Analysis of Lactam-Constrained PTPRJ Agonist Peptides. ChemMedChem 2018; 13:1673-1680. [PMID: 29888867 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
PTPRJ is a receptor-like protein tyrosine phosphatase mainly known for its antiproliferative and tumor-suppressive functions. PTPRJ dephosphorylates several growth factors and their receptors, negatively regulating cell proliferation and migration. We recently identified a disulfide-bridged nonapeptide, named PTPRJ-19 (H-[Cys-His-His-Asn-Leu-Thr-His-Ala-Cys]-OH), which activates PTPRJ, thereby causing cell growth inhibition and apoptosis of both cancer and endothelial cells. With the aim of replacing the disulfide bridge by a chemically more stable moiety, we have synthesized and tested a series of lactam analogues of PTPRJ-19. This replacement led to analogues with higher activity and greater stability than the parent peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Sala
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084, Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Antonia Spensiero
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084, Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | | | - Giacomo Pepe
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084, Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Anna Bilotta
- Department of Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, University Magna Graecia, Campus "S. Venuta", 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesco Paduano
- Department of Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, University Magna Graecia, Campus "S. Venuta", 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Sabrina D'Agostino
- Department of Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, University Magna Graecia, Campus "S. Venuta", 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Delia Lanzillotta
- Department of Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, University Magna Graecia, Campus "S. Venuta", 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Alessia Bertamino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084, Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Ettore Novellino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Trapasso
- Department of Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, University Magna Graecia, Campus "S. Venuta", 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Pietro Campiglia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084, Fisciano (SA), Italy
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30
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Shalev M, Elson A. The roles of protein tyrosine phosphatases in bone-resorbing osteoclasts. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2018; 1866:114-123. [PMID: 30026076 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Maintaining the proper balance between osteoblast-mediated production of bone and its degradation by osteoclasts is essential for health. Osteoclasts are giant phagocytic cells that are formed by fusion of monocyte-macrophage precursor cells; mature osteoclasts adhere to bone tightly and secrete protons and proteases that degrade its matrix. Phosphorylation of tyrosine residues in proteins, which is regulated by the biochemically-antagonistic activities of protein tyrosine kinases and protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs), is central in regulating the production of osteoclasts and their bone-resorbing activity. Here we review the roles of individual PTPs of the classical and dual-specificity sub-families that are known to support these processes (SHP2, cyt-PTPe, PTPRO, PTP-PEST, CD45) or to inhibit them (SHP1, PTEN, MKP1). Characterizing the functions of PTPs in osteoclasts is essential for complete molecular level understanding of bone resorption and for designing novel therapeutic approaches for treating bone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moran Shalev
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Ari Elson
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
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31
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The receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase PTPRJ negatively modulates the CD98hc oncoprotein in lung cancer cells. Oncotarget 2018; 9:23334-23348. [PMID: 29805737 PMCID: PMC5955124 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
PTPRJ, a receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase strongly downregulated in human cancer, displays tumor suppressor activity by negatively modulating several proteins involved in proliferating signals. Here, through a proteomic-based approach, we identified a list of potential PTPRJ-interacting proteins and among them we focused on CD98hc, a type II glycosylated integral membrane protein encoded by SLC3A2, corresponding to the heavy chain of a heterodimeric transmembrane amino-acid transporter, including LAT1. CD98hc is widely overexpressed in several types of cancers and contributes to the process of tumorigenesis by interfering with cell proliferation, adhesion, and migration. We first validated PTPRJ-CD98hc interaction, then demonstrated that PTPRJ overexpression dramatically reduces CD98hc protein levels in A549 lung cancer cells. In addition, following to the treatment of PTPRJ-transduced cells with MG132, a proteasome inhibitor, CD98hc levels did not decrease compared to controls, indicating that PTPRJ is involved in the regulation of CD98hc proteasomal degradation. Moreover, PTPRJ overexpression combined with CD98hc silencing consistently reduced cell proliferation and triggered apoptosis of lung cancer cells. Interestingly, by interrogating the can Evolve database, we observed an inverse correlation between PTPRJ and SLC3A2 gene expression. Indeed, the non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) of patients showing a short survival rate express the lowest and the highest levels of PTPRJ and SLC3A2, respectively. Therefore, the results reported here contribute to shed lights on PTPRJ signaling in cancer cells: moreover, our findings also support the development of a novel anticancer therapeutic approach by targeting the pathway of PTPRJ that is usually downregulated in highly malignant human neoplasias.
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32
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Mundy C, Yang E, Takano H, Billings PC, Pacifici M. Heparan sulfate antagonism alters bone morphogenetic protein signaling and receptor dynamics, suggesting a mechanism in hereditary multiple exostoses. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:7703-7716. [PMID: 29622677 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.000264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary multiple exostoses (HME) is a pediatric disorder caused by heparan sulfate (HS) deficiency and is characterized by growth plate-associated osteochondromas. Previously, we found that osteochondroma formation in mouse models is preceded by ectopic bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling in the perichondrium, but the mechanistic relationships between BMP signaling and HS deficiency remain unclear. Therefore, we used an HS antagonist (surfen) to investigate the effects of this HS interference on BMP signaling, ligand availability, cell-surface BMP receptor (BMPR) dynamics, and BMPR interactions in Ad-293 and C3H/10T1/2 cells. As observed previously, the HS interference rapidly increased phosphorylated SMAD family member 1/5/8 levels. FACS analysis and immunoblots revealed that the cells possessed appreciable levels of endogenous cell-surface BMP2/4 that were unaffected by the HS antagonist, suggesting that BMP2/4 proteins remained surface-bound but became engaged in BMPR interactions and SMAD signaling. Indeed, surface mobility of SNAP-tagged BMPRII, measured by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP), was modulated during the drug treatment. This suggested that the receptors had transitioned to lipid rafts acting as signaling centers, confirmed for BMPRII via ultracentrifugation to separate membrane subdomains. In situ proximity ligation assays disclosed that the HS interference rapidly stimulates BMPRI-BMPRII interactions, measured by oligonucleotide-driven amplification signals. Our in vitro studies reveal that cell-associated HS controls BMP ligand availability and BMPR dynamics, interactions, and signaling, and largely restrains these processes. We propose that HS deficiency in HME may lead to extensive local BMP signaling and altered BMPR dynamics, triggering excessive cellular responses and osteochondroma formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Mundy
- From the Translational Research Program in Pediatric Orthopaedics, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, and
| | - Evan Yang
- From the Translational Research Program in Pediatric Orthopaedics, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, and
| | - Hajime Takano
- the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Paul C Billings
- From the Translational Research Program in Pediatric Orthopaedics, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, and
| | - Maurizio Pacifici
- From the Translational Research Program in Pediatric Orthopaedics, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, and
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33
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Targeting Receptor-Type Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases with Biotherapeutics: Is Outside-in Better than Inside-Out? Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23030569. [PMID: 29498714 PMCID: PMC6017057 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23030569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs), of the receptor and non-receptor classes, are key signaling molecules that play critical roles in cellular regulation underlying diverse physiological events. Aberrant signaling as a result of genetic mutation or altered expression levels has been associated with several diseases and treatment via pharmacological intervention at the level of PTPs has been widely explored; however, the challenges associated with development of small molecule phosphatase inhibitors targeting the intracellular phosphatase domain (the “inside-out” approach) have been well documented and as yet there are no clinically approved drugs targeting these enzymes. The alternative approach of targeting receptor PTPs with biotherapeutic agents (such as monoclonal antibodies or engineered fusion proteins; the “outside-in” approach) that interact with the extracellular ectodomain offers many advantages, and there have been a number of exciting recent developments in this field. Here we provide a brief overview of the receptor PTP family and an update on the emerging area of receptor PTP-targeted biotherapeutics for CD148, vascular endothelial-protein tyrosine phosphatase (VE-PTP), receptor-type PTPs σ, γ, ζ (RPTPσ, RPTPγ, RPTPζ) and CD45, and discussion of future potential in this area.
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34
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Tsoyi K, Chu SG, Patino-Jaramillo NG, Wilder J, Villalba J, Doyle-Eisele M, McDonald J, Liu X, El-Chemaly S, Perrella MA, Rosas IO. Syndecan-2 Attenuates Radiation-induced Pulmonary Fibrosis and Inhibits Fibroblast Activation by Regulating PI3K/Akt/ROCK Pathway via CD148. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2018; 58:208-215. [PMID: 28886261 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2017-0088oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis is a severe complication of patients treated with thoracic irradiation. We have previously shown that syndecan-2 reduces fibrosis by exerting alveolar epithelial cytoprotective effects. Here, we investigate whether syndecan-2 attenuates radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting fibroblast activation. C57BL/6 wild-type mice and transgenic mice that overexpress human syndecan-2 in alveolar macrophages were exposed to 14 Gy whole-thoracic radiation. At 24 weeks after irradiation, lungs were collected for histological, protein, and mRNA evaluation of pulmonary fibrosis, profibrotic gene expression, and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression. Mouse lung fibroblasts were activated with transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 in the presence or absence of syndecan-2. Cell proliferation, migration, and gel contraction were assessed at different time points. Irradiation resulted in significantly increased mortality and pulmonary fibrosis in wild-type mice that was associated with elevated lung expression of TGF-β1 downstream target genes and cell death compared with irradiated syndecan-2 transgenic mice. In mouse lung fibroblasts, syndecan-2 inhibited α-SMA expression, cell contraction, proliferation, and migration induced by TGF-β1. Syndecan-2 attenuated phosphoinositide 3-kinase/serine/threonine kinase/Rho-associated coiled-coil kinase signaling and serum response factor binding to the α-SMA promoter. Syndecan-2 attenuates pulmonary fibrosis in mice exposed to radiation and inhibits TGF-β1-induced fibroblast-myofibroblast differentiation, migration, and proliferation by down-regulating phosphoinositide 3-kinase/serine/threonine kinase/Rho-associated coiled-coil kinase signaling and blocking serum response factor binding to the α-SMA promoter via CD148. These findings suggest that syndecan-2 has potential as an antifibrotic therapy in radiation-induced lung fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Tsoyi
- 1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Sarah G Chu
- 1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | | | - Julie Wilder
- 2 Pulmonary Fibrosis Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Julian Villalba
- 1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and.,2 Pulmonary Fibrosis Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Melanie Doyle-Eisele
- 2 Pulmonary Fibrosis Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Jacob McDonald
- 2 Pulmonary Fibrosis Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- 1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Souheil El-Chemaly
- 1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Mark A Perrella
- 1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Ivan O Rosas
- 1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and.,2 Pulmonary Fibrosis Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico
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35
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Bilotta A, Dattilo V, D'Agostino S, Belviso S, Scalise S, Bilotta M, Gaudio E, Paduano F, Perrotti N, Florio T, Fusco A, Iuliano R, Trapasso F. A novel splice variant of the protein tyrosine phosphatase PTPRJ that encodes for a soluble protein involved in angiogenesis. Oncotarget 2018; 8:10091-10102. [PMID: 28052032 PMCID: PMC5354644 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
PTPRJ is a receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase with tumor suppressor activity. Very little is known about the role of PTPRJ ectodomain, although recently both physiological and synthetic PTPRJ ligands have been identified. A putative shorter spliced variant, coding for a 539 aa protein corresponding to the extracellular N-terminus of PTPRJ, is reported in several databases but, currently, no further information is available. Here, we confirmed that the PTPRJ short isoform (named sPTPRJ) is a soluble protein secreted into the supernatant of both endothelial and tumor cells. Like PTPRJ, also sPTPRJ undergoes post-translational modifications such as glycosylation, as assessed by sPTPRJ immunoprecipitation. To characterize its functional activity, we performed an endothelial cell tube formation assay and a wound healing assay on HUVEC cells overexpressing sPTPRJ and we found that sPTPRJ has a proangiogenic activity. We also showed that sPTPRJ expression down-regulates endothelial adhesion molecules, that is a hallmark of proangiogenic activity. Moreover, sPTPRJ mRNA levels in human high-grade glioma, one of the most angiogenic tumors, are higher in tumor samples compared to controls. Further studies will be helpful not only to clarify the way sPTPRJ works but also to supply clues to circumvent its activity in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bilotta
- Department of Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Dattilo
- Department of Scienze della Salute, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Sabrina D'Agostino
- Department of Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Stefania Belviso
- Department of Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Stefania Scalise
- Department of Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Mariaconcetta Bilotta
- Department of Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Eugenio Gaudio
- Department of Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.,Lymphoma and Genomics Research Program, Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Paduano
- Department of Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.,Tecnologica Research Institute, Biomedical Section, Crotone, Italy
| | - Nicola Perrotti
- Department of Scienze della Salute, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Tullio Florio
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Dept. of Internal Medicine, and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Alfredo Fusco
- Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale - CNR c/o Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, University Federico II of Napoli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Rodolfo Iuliano
- Department of Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesco Trapasso
- Department of Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
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Ricard-Blum S, Vallet SD. Fragments generated upon extracellular matrix remodeling: Biological regulators and potential drugs. Matrix Biol 2017; 75-76:170-189. [PMID: 29133183 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) by several protease families releases a number of bioactive fragments, which regulate numerous biological processes such as autophagy, angiogenesis, adipogenesis, fibrosis, tumor growth, metastasis and wound healing. We review here the proteases which generate bioactive ECM fragments, their ECM substrates, the major bioactive ECM fragments, together with their biological properties and their receptors. The translation of ECM fragments into drugs is challenging and would take advantage of an integrative approach to optimize the design of pre-clinical and clinical studies. This could be done by building the contextualized interaction network of the ECM fragment repertoire including their parent proteins, remodeling proteinases, and their receptors, and by using mathematical disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Ricard-Blum
- Univ Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INSA Lyon, CPE, Institute of Molecular and Supramolecular Chemistry and Biochemistry, UMR 5246, F-69622 Villeurbanne cedex, France.
| | - Sylvain D Vallet
- Univ Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INSA Lyon, CPE, Institute of Molecular and Supramolecular Chemistry and Biochemistry, UMR 5246, F-69622 Villeurbanne cedex, France.
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Mytilinaiou M, Nikitovic D, Berdiaki A, Kostouras A, Papoutsidakis A, Tsatsakis AM, Tzanakakis GN. Emerging roles of syndecan 2 in epithelial and mesenchymal cancer progression. IUBMB Life 2017; 69:824-833. [PMID: 28940845 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Syndecan 2 (SDC2) belongs to a four-member family of evolutionary conserved small type I transmembrane proteoglycans consisting of a protein core to which glycosaminoglycan chains are covalently attached. SDC2 is a cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycan, which is increasingly drawing attention for its distinct characteristics and its participation in numerous cell functions, including those related to carcinogenesis. Increasing evidence suggests that the role of SDC2 in cancer pathogenesis is dependent on cancer tissue origin rendering its use as a biomarker/therapeutic target feasible. This mini review discusses the mechanisms, through which SDC2, in a distinct manner, modulates complex signalling networks to affect cancer progression. © 2017 IUBMB Life, 69(11):824-833, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Mytilinaiou
- Laboratory of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Dragana Nikitovic
- Laboratory of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Berdiaki
- Laboratory of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Antonis Kostouras
- Laboratory of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Antonis Papoutsidakis
- Laboratory of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Aristidis M Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - George N Tzanakakis
- Laboratory of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
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Defining the molecular basis of interaction between R3 receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatases and VE-cadherin. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184574. [PMID: 28926625 PMCID: PMC5604967 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatases (RPTPs) of the R3 subgroup play key roles in the immune, vascular and nervous systems. They are characterised by a large ectodomain comprising multiple FNIII-like repeats, a transmembrane domain, and a single intracellular phosphatase domain. The functional role of the extracellular region has not been clearly defined and potential roles in ligand interaction, dimerization, and regulation of cell-cell contacts have been reported. Here bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) in live cells was used to examine the molecular basis for the interaction of VE-PTP with VE-cadherin, two proteins involved in endothelial cell contact and maintenance of vascular integrity. The potential of other R3-PTPs to interact with VE-cadherin was also explored using this method. Quantitative BiFC analysis, using a VE-PTP construct expressing only the ectodomain and transmembrane domain, revealed a specific interaction with VE-cadherin, when compared with controls. Controls were sialophorin, an unrelated membrane protein with a large ectodomain, and a membrane anchored C-terminal Venus-YFP fragment, lacking both ectodomain and transmembrane domains. Truncation of the first 16 FNIII-like repeats from the ectodomain of VE-PTP indicated that removal of this region is not sufficient to disrupt the interaction with VE-cadherin, although it occurs predominantly in an intracellular location. A construct with a deletion of only the 17th domain of VE-PTP was, in contrast to previous studies, still able to interact with VE-cadherin, although this also was predominantly intracellular. Other members of the R3-PTP family (DEP-1, GLEPP1 and SAP-1) also exhibited the potential to interact with VE-cadherin. The direct interaction of DEP-1 with VE-cadherin is likely to be of physiological relevance since both proteins are expressed in endothelial cells. Together the data presented in the study suggest a role for both the ectodomain and transmembrane domain of R3-PTPs in interaction with VE-cadherin.
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Proteoglycans, ion channels and cell-matrix adhesion. Biochem J 2017; 474:1965-1979. [PMID: 28546458 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20160747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cell surface proteoglycans comprise a transmembrane or membrane-associated core protein to which one or more glycosaminoglycan chains are covalently attached. They are ubiquitous receptors on nearly all animal cell surfaces. In mammals, the cell surface proteoglycans include the six glypicans, CD44, NG2 (CSPG4), neuropilin-1 and four syndecans. A single syndecan is present in invertebrates such as nematodes and insects. Uniquely, syndecans are receptors for many classes of proteins that can bind to the heparan sulphate chains present on syndecan core proteins. These range from cytokines, chemokines, growth factors and morphogens to enzymes and extracellular matrix (ECM) glycoproteins and collagens. Extracellular interactions with other receptors, such as some integrins, are mediated by the core protein. This places syndecans at the nexus of many cellular responses to extracellular cues in development, maintenance, repair and disease. The cytoplasmic domains of syndecans, while having no intrinsic kinase activity, can nevertheless signal through binding proteins. All syndecans appear to be connected to the actin cytoskeleton and can therefore contribute to cell adhesion, notably to the ECM and migration. Recent data now suggest that syndecans can regulate stretch-activated ion channels. The structure and function of the syndecans and the ion channels are reviewed here, along with an analysis of ion channel functions in cell-matrix adhesion. This area sheds new light on the syndecans, not least since evidence suggests that this is an evolutionarily conserved relationship that is also potentially important in the progression of some common diseases where syndecans are implicated.
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40
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The ligand Sas and its receptor PTP10D drive tumour-suppressive cell competition. Nature 2017; 542:246-250. [DOI: 10.1038/nature21033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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41
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Skrzypczynska KM, Zhu JW, Weiss A. Positive Regulation of Lyn Kinase by CD148 Is Required for B Cell Receptor Signaling in B1 but Not B2 B Cells. Immunity 2016; 45:1232-1244. [PMID: 27889108 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2016.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
B1 and B2 B cells differ in their ability to respond to T-cell-independent (TI) antigens. Here we report that the Src-family kinase (SFK) regulator CD148 has a unique and critical role in the initiation of B1 but not B2 cell antigen receptor signaling. CD148 loss-of-function mice were found to have defective B1 B-cell-mediated antibody responses against the T-cell-independent antigens NP-ficoll and Pneumovax 23 and had impaired selection of the B1 B cell receptor (BCR) repertoire. These deficiencies were associated with a decreased ability of B1 B cells to induce BCR signaling downstream of the SFK Lyn. Notably, Lyn appeared to be selectively regulated by CD148 and loss of this SFK resulted in opposite signaling phenotypes in B1 and B2 B cells. These findings reveal that the function and regulation of Lyn during B1 cell BCR signaling is distinct from other B cell subsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna M Skrzypczynska
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Rosalind Russell and Ephraim P. Engleman Rheumatology Research Center, Departments of Medicine and of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0795, USA
| | - Jing W Zhu
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Rosalind Russell and Ephraim P. Engleman Rheumatology Research Center, Departments of Medicine and of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0795, USA
| | - Arthur Weiss
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Rosalind Russell and Ephraim P. Engleman Rheumatology Research Center, Departments of Medicine and of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0795, USA.
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42
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Afratis NA, Nikitovic D, Multhaupt HAB, Theocharis AD, Couchman JR, Karamanos NK. Syndecans – key regulators of cell signaling and biological functions. FEBS J 2016; 284:27-41. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.13940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos A. Afratis
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group Laboratory of Biochemistry Department of Chemistry University of Patras Greece
- Biotech Research & Innovation Center University of Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Dragana Nikitovic
- Laboratory of Anatomy‐Histology‐Embryology School of Medicine University of Crete Heraklion Greece
| | | | - Achilleas D. Theocharis
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group Laboratory of Biochemistry Department of Chemistry University of Patras Greece
| | - John R. Couchman
- Biotech Research & Innovation Center University of Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Nikos K. Karamanos
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group Laboratory of Biochemistry Department of Chemistry University of Patras Greece
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43
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Choi S, Choi Y, Jun E, Kim IS, Kim SE, Jung SA, Oh ES. Shed syndecan-2 enhances tumorigenic activities of colon cancer cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:3874-86. [PMID: 25686828 PMCID: PMC4414160 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Because earlier studies showed the cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycan, syndecan-2, sheds from colon cancer cells in culture, the functional roles of shed syndecan-2 were assessed. A non-cleavable mutant of syndecan-2 in which the Asn148-Leu149 residues were replaced with Asn148-Ile149, had decreased shedding, less cancer-associated activities of syndecan-2 in vitro, and less syndecan-2-mediated metastasis of mouse melanoma cells in vivo, suggesting the importance of shedding on syndecan-2-mediated pro-tumorigenic functions. Indeed, shed syndecan-2 from cancer-conditioned media and recombinant shed syndecan-2 enhanced cancer-associated activities, and depletion of shed syndecan-2 abolished these effects. Similarly, shed syndecan-2 was detected from sera of patients from advanced carcinoma (625.9 ng/ml) and promoted cancer-associated activities. Furthermore, a series of syndecan-2 deletion mutants showed that the tumorigenic activity of shed syndecan-2 resided in the C-terminus of the extracellular domain and a shed syndecan-2 synthetic peptide (16 residues) was sufficient to establish subcutaneous primary growth of HT29 colon cancer cells, pulmonary metastases (B16F10 cells), and primary intrasplenic tumor growth and liver metastases (4T1 cells). Taken together, these results demonstrate that shed syndecan-2 directly enhances colon cancer progression and may be a promising therapeutic target for controlling colon cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sojoong Choi
- Department of Life Sciences and the Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea.,Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Korea
| | - Youngsil Choi
- Department of Life Sciences and the Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsung Jun
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Korea
| | - In-San Kim
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Korea.,Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine and Cell & Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 700-422, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Eun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul 158-710, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Ae Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul 158-710, Republic of Korea
| | - Eok-Soo Oh
- Department of Life Sciences and the Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea
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44
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Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans May Promote or Inhibit Cancer Progression by Interacting with Integrins and Affecting Cell Migration. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:453801. [PMID: 26558271 PMCID: PMC4628971 DOI: 10.1155/2015/453801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The metastatic disease is one of the main consequences of tumor progression, being responsible for most cancer-related deaths worldwide. This review intends to present and discuss data on the relationship between integrins and heparan sulfate proteoglycans in health and cancer progression. Integrins are a family of cell surface transmembrane receptors, responsible for cell-matrix and cell-cell adhesion. Integrins' main functions include cell adhesion, migration, and survival. Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) are cell surface molecules that play important roles as cell receptors, cofactors, and overall direct or indirect contributors to cell organization. Both molecules can act in conjunction to modulate cell behavior and affect malignancy. In this review, we will discuss the different contexts in which various integrins, such as α5, αV, β1, and β3, interact with HSPGs species, such as syndecans and perlecans, affecting tissue homeostasis.
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45
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De Rossi G, Evans AR, Kay E, Woodfin A, McKay TR, Nourshargh S, Whiteford JR. Shed syndecan-2 inhibits angiogenesis. J Cell Sci 2015; 127:4788-99. [PMID: 25179601 PMCID: PMC4215719 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.153015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is essential for the development of a normal vasculature, tissue repair and reproduction, and also has roles in the progression of diseases such as cancer and rheumatoid arthritis. The heparan sulphate proteoglycan syndecan-2 is expressed on mesenchymal cells in the vasculature and, like the other members of its family, can be shed from the cell surface resulting in the release of its extracellular core protein. The purpose of this study was to establish whether shed syndecan-2 affects angiogenesis. We demonstrate that shed syndecan-2 regulates angiogenesis by inhibiting endothelial cell migration in human and rodent models and, as a result, reduces tumour growth. Furthermore, our findings show that these effects are mediated by the protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor CD148 (also known as PTPRJ) and this interaction corresponds with a decrease in active β1 integrin. Collectively, these data demonstrate an unexplored pathway for the regulation of new blood vessel formation and identify syndecan-2 as a therapeutic target in pathologies characterised by angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia De Rossi
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Alun R Evans
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Emma Kay
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Abigail Woodfin
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Tristan R McKay
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, St. George's University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0NE, UK
| | - Sussan Nourshargh
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - James R Whiteford
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
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46
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Tautz L, Senis YA, Oury C, Rahmouni S. Perspective: Tyrosine phosphatases as novel targets for antiplatelet therapy. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:2786-97. [PMID: 25921264 PMCID: PMC4451376 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.03.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Arterial thrombosis is the primary cause of most cases of myocardial infarction and stroke, the leading causes of death in the developed world. Platelets, highly specialized cells of the circulatory system, are key contributors to thrombotic events. Antiplatelet drugs, which prevent platelets from aggregating, have been very effective in reducing the mortality and morbidity of these conditions. However, approved antiplatelet therapies have adverse side effects, most notably the increased risk of bleeding. Moreover, there remains a considerable incidence of arterial thrombosis in a subset of patients receiving currently available drugs. Thus, there is a pressing medical need for novel antiplatelet agents with a more favorable safety profile and less patient resistance. The discovery of novel antiplatelet targets is the matter of intense ongoing research. Recent findings demonstrate the potential of targeting key signaling molecules, including kinases and phosphatases, to prevent platelet activation and aggregation. Here, we offer perspectives to targeting members of the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) superfamily, a major class of enzymes in signal transduction. We give an overview of previously identified PTPs in platelet signaling, and discuss their potential as antiplatelet drug targets. We also introduce VHR (DUSP3), a PTP that we recently identified as a major player in platelet biology and thrombosis. We review our data on genetic deletion as well as pharmacological inhibition of VHR, providing proof-of-principle for a novel and potentially safer VHR-based antiplatelet therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lutz Tautz
- NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 10901 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Yotis A Senis
- Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Cécile Oury
- Laboratory of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, GIGA-Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Souad Rahmouni
- Immunology and Infectious Diseases Unit, GIGA-Signal Transduction, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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47
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Karsdal MA, Manon-Jensen T, Genovese F, Kristensen JH, Nielsen MJ, Sand JMB, Hansen NUB, Bay-Jensen AC, Bager CL, Krag A, Blanchard A, Krarup H, Leeming DJ, Schuppan D. Novel insights into the function and dynamics of extracellular matrix in liver fibrosis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2015; 308:G807-30. [PMID: 25767261 PMCID: PMC4437019 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00447.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that altered components and posttranslational modifications of proteins in the extracellular matrix (ECM) may both initiate and drive disease progression. The ECM is a complex grid consisting of multiple proteins, most of which play a vital role in containing the essential information needed for maintenance of a sophisticated structure anchoring the cells and sustaining normal function of tissues. Therefore, the matrix itself may be considered as a paracrine/endocrine entity, with more complex functions than previously appreciated. The aims of this review are to 1) explore key structural and functional components of the ECM as exemplified by monogenetic disorders leading to severe pathologies, 2) discuss selected pathological posttranslational modifications of ECM proteins resulting in altered functional (signaling) properties from the original structural proteins, and 3) discuss how these findings support the novel concept that an increasing number of components of the ECM harbor signaling functions that can modulate fibrotic liver disease. The ECM entails functions in addition to anchoring cells and modulating their migratory behavior. Key ECM components and their posttranslational modifications often harbor multiple domains with different signaling potential, in particular when modified during inflammation or wound healing. This signaling by the ECM should be considered a paracrine/endocrine function, as it affects cell phenotype, function, fate, and finally tissue homeostasis. These properties should be exploited to establish novel biochemical markers and antifibrotic treatment strategies for liver fibrosis as well as other fibrotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten A. Karsdal
- 1Nordic Bioscience A/S, Herlev Hovedgade, Herlev, Denmark; ,2University of Southern Denmark, SDU, Odense, Denmark;
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Aleksander Krag
- 3Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark;
| | - Andy Blanchard
- 4GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom;
| | - Henrik Krarup
- 5Section of Molecular Biology, Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark;
| | | | - Detlef Schuppan
- 6Institute of Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immunotherapy, University of Mainz Medical Center, Mainz, Germany; ,7Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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48
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Stepp MA, Pal-Ghosh S, Tadvalkar G, Pajoohesh-Ganji A. Syndecan-1 and Its Expanding List of Contacts. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2015; 4:235-249. [PMID: 25945286 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2014.0555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Significance: The binding of cytokines and growth factors to heparan sulfate (HS) chains on proteoglycans generates gradients that control development and regulate wound healing. Syndecan-1 (sdc1) is an integral membrane HS proteoglycan. Its structure allows it to bind with cytosolic, transmembrane, and extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. It plays important roles in mediating key events during wound healing because it regulates a number of important processes, including cell adhesion, cell migration, endocytosis, exosome formation, and fibrosis. Recent Advances: Recent studies reveal that sdc1 regulates wound healing by altering integrin activation. Differences in integrin activation lead to cell-type-specific changes in the rate of cell migration and ECM assembly. Sdc1 also regulates endocytosis and the formation and release of exosomes. Critical Issues: Understanding how sdc1 facilitates wound healing and resolution will improve treatment options for elderly and diabetic patients with delayed wound healing. Studies showing that sdc1 function is altered in cancer are relevant to those interested in controlling fibrosis and scarring. Future Directions: The key to understanding the various functions ascribed to sdc1 is resolving how it interacts with its numerous binding partners. The role played by chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains on the ability of sdc1 to associate with its ligands needs further investigation. At wound sites heparanase can cleave the HS GAG chains of sdc1, alter its ability to bind cytokines, and induce shedding of the ectodomain. This review will discuss how the unique structure of sdc1 allows it to play key roles in cell signaling, ECM assembly, and wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Ann Stepp
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, George Washington University Medical School, Washington, District of Columbia
- Department of Ophthalmology, George Washington University Medical School, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Sonali Pal-Ghosh
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, George Washington University Medical School, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Gauri Tadvalkar
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, George Washington University Medical School, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Ahdeah Pajoohesh-Ganji
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, George Washington University Medical School, Washington, District of Columbia
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49
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Lim HC, Multhaupt HAB, Couchman JR. Cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans control adhesion and invasion of breast carcinoma cells. Mol Cancer 2015; 14:15. [PMID: 25623282 PMCID: PMC4326193 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-014-0279-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cell surface proteoglycans interact with numerous regulators of cell behavior through their glycosaminoglycan chains. The syndecan family of transmembrane proteoglycans are virtually ubiquitous cell surface receptors that are implicated in the progression of some tumors, including breast carcinoma. This may derive from their regulation of cell adhesion, but roles for specific syndecans are unresolved. Methods The MDA-MB231 human breast carcinoma cell line was exposed to exogenous glycosaminoglycans and changes in cell behavior monitored by western blotting, immunocytochemistry, invasion and collagen degradation assays. Selected receptors including PAR-1 and syndecans were depleted by siRNA treatments to assess cell morphology and behavior. Immunohistochemistry for syndecan-2 and its interacting partner, caveolin-2 was performed on human breast tumor tissue arrays. Two-tailed paired t-test and one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post-hoc test were used in the analysis of data. Results MDA-MB231 cells were shown to be highly sensitive to exogenous heparan sulfate or heparin, promoting increased spreading, focal adhesion and adherens junction formation with concomitantly reduced invasion and matrix degradation. The molecular basis for this effect was revealed to have two components. First, thrombin inhibition contributed to enhanced cell adhesion and reduced invasion. Second, a specific loss of cell surface syndecan-2 was noted. The ensuing junction formation was dependent on syndecan-4, whose role in promoting actin cytoskeletal organization is known. Syndecan-2 interacts with, and may regulate, caveolin-2. Depletion of either molecule had the same adhesion-promoting influence, along with reduced invasion, confirming a role for this complex in maintaining the invasive phenotype of mammary carcinoma cells. Finally, both syndecan-2 and caveolin-2 were upregulated in tissue arrays from breast cancer patients compared to normal mammary tissue. Moreover their expression levels were correlated in triple negative breast cancers. Conclusion Cell surface proteoglycans, notably syndecan-2, may be important regulators of breast carcinoma progression through regulation of cytoskeleton, cell adhesion and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hooi Ching Lim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotech Research & Innovation Center, University of Copenhagen, Biocenter, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark. .,Current address: Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Hinke A B Multhaupt
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotech Research & Innovation Center, University of Copenhagen, Biocenter, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark.
| | - John R Couchman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotech Research & Innovation Center, University of Copenhagen, Biocenter, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark.
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Leonova EI, Galzitskaya OV. Structure and functions of syndecans in vertebrates. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2015; 78:1071-85. [PMID: 24237141 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297913100015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Syndecans constitute a family of transmembrane proteoglycans that perform multiple functions during development, damage repair, tumor growth, angiogenesis, and neurogenesis. Through mediating binding of a great number of extracellular ligands to their receptors, these proteoglycans trigger a cascade of reactions regulating, thereby, various processes in a cell: cytoskeleton formation, proliferation, differentiation, adhesion, and migration. In fibroblasts, syndecans are responsible for cell adhesion by modulating functions of integrins through interaction with fibronectin at the external side of a cell and with cytoskeleton and signaling molecules inside the cell. The extracellular domain of syndecans is subjected to periodic shedding from the cell membrane. This process may be stimulated in response to inflammation, tissue damage, and other pathological manifestations. Cleaved domain may act as either competitive inhibitor or activator of signaling cascades. This review summarizes and analyzes the available data regarding structure, main biochemical properties, and functions of syndecans in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- E I Leonova
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Pushchino Branch, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia
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