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Li H, Zhuang Y, Zhang B, Xu X, Liu B. Application of Lineage Tracing in Central Nervous System Development and Regeneration. Mol Biotechnol 2024; 66:1552-1562. [PMID: 37335434 PMCID: PMC11217125 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00769-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) is a complicated neural network. The origin and evolution of functional neurons and glia cells remain unclear, as do the cellular alterations that occur during the course of cerebral disease rehabilitation. Lineage tracing is a valuable method for tracing specific cells and achieving a better understanding of the CNS. Recently, various technological breakthroughs have been made in lineage tracing, such as the application of various combinations of fluorescent reporters and advances in barcode technology. The development of lineage tracing has given us a deeper understanding of the normal physiology of the CNS, especially the pathological processes. In this review, we summarize these advances of lineage tracing and their applications in CNS. We focus on the use of lineage tracing techniques to elucidate the process CNS development and especially the mechanism of injury repair. Deep understanding of the central nervous system will help us to use existing technologies to diagnose and treat diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tian tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Zhuang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tian tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Beijing Tian tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojian Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury, Department of Neurotrauma, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Baiyun Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tian tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury, Department of Neurotrauma, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- Center for Nerve Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.
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2
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Sun T, Du YY, Zhang YQ, Tian QQ, Li X, Yu JY, Guo YY, Liu QQ, Yang L, Wu YM, Yang Q, Zhao MG. Activation of GPR55 Ameliorates Maternal Separation-Induced Learning and Memory Deficits by Augmenting 5-HT Synthesis in the Dorsal Raphe Nucleus of Juvenile Mice. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:21838-21850. [PMID: 38799363 PMCID: PMC11112691 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c08934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Maternal separation (MS) represents a profound early life stressor with enduring impacts on neuronal development and adult cognitive function in both humans and rodents. MS is associated with persistent dysregulations in neurotransmitter systems, including the serotonin (5-HT) pathway, which is pivotal for mood stabilization and stress-coping mechanisms. Although the novel cannabinoid receptor, GPR55, is recognized for its influence on learning and memory, its implications on the function and synaptic dynamics of 5-HT neurons within the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) remain to be elucidated. In this study, we sought to discern the repercussions of GPR55 activation on 5-HT synthesis within the DRN of adult C57BL/6J mice that experienced MS. Concurrently, we analyzed potential alterations in excitatory synaptic transmission, long-term synaptic plasticity, and relevant learning and memory outcomes. Our behavioral assessments indicated a marked amelioration in MS-induced learning and memory deficits following GPR55 activation. In conjunction with this, we noted a substantial decrease in 5-HT levels in the MS model, while GPR55 activation stimulated tryptophan hydroxylase 2 synthesis and fostered the release of 5-HT. Electrophysiological patch-clamp analyses highlighted the ability of GPR55 activation to alleviate MS-induced cognitive deficits by modulating the frequency and magnitude of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents within the DRN. Notably, this cognitive enhancement was underpinned by the phosphorylation of both NMDA and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors. In summary, our findings underscore the capacity of GPR55 to elevate 5-HT synthesis and modify synaptic transmissions within the DRN of juvenile mice, positing GPR55 as a promising therapeutic avenue for ameliorating MS-induced cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Sun
- Precision
Pharmacy & Drug Development Center, Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical
University, Xi’an 710038, China
| | - Ya-Ya Du
- Precision
Pharmacy & Drug Development Center, Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical
University, Xi’an 710038, China
| | - Yong-Qiang Zhang
- Department
of Chinese Materia Medica and Natural Medicines, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Qin-Qin Tian
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Air Force
Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Xi Li
- Precision
Pharmacy & Drug Development Center, Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical
University, Xi’an 710038, China
| | - Jiao-Yan Yu
- Precision
Pharmacy & Drug Development Center, Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical
University, Xi’an 710038, China
| | - Yan-Yan Guo
- Precision
Pharmacy & Drug Development Center, Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical
University, Xi’an 710038, China
| | - Qing-Qing Liu
- Precision
Pharmacy & Drug Development Center, Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical
University, Xi’an 710038, China
| | - Le Yang
- Precision
Pharmacy & Drug Development Center, Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical
University, Xi’an 710038, China
| | - Yu-Mei Wu
- Department
of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Air
Force Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Qi Yang
- Precision
Pharmacy & Drug Development Center, Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical
University, Xi’an 710038, China
| | - Ming-Gao Zhao
- Precision
Pharmacy & Drug Development Center, Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical
University, Xi’an 710038, China
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3
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Baddenhausen S, Lutz B, Hofmann C. Cannabinoid type-1 receptor signaling in dopaminergic Engrailed-1 expressing neurons modulates motivation and depressive-like behavior. Front Mol Neurosci 2024; 17:1379889. [PMID: 38660383 PMCID: PMC11042029 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2024.1379889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system comprises highly versatile signaling functions within the nervous system. It is reported to modulate the release of several neurotransmitters, consequently affecting the activity of neuronal circuits. Investigations have highlighted its roles in numerous processes, including appetite-stimulating characteristics, particularly for palatable food. Moreover, endocannabinoids are shown to fine-tune dopamine-signaled processes governing motivated behavior. Specifically, it has been demonstrated that excitatory and inhibitory inputs controlled by the cannabinoid type 1 receptor (CB1) regulate dopaminergic neurons in the mesocorticolimbic pathway. In the present study, we show that mesencephalic dopaminergic (mesDA) neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) express CB1, and we investigated the consequences of specific deletion of CB1 in cells expressing the transcription factor Engrailed-1 (En1). To this end, we validated a new genetic mouse line EN1-CB1-KO, which displays a CB1 knockout in mesDA neurons beginning from their differentiation, as a tool to elucidate the functional contribution of CB1 in mesDA neurons. We revealed that EN1-CB1-KO mice display a significantly increased immobility time and shortened latency to the first immobility in the forced swim test of adult mice. Moreover, the maximal effort exerted to obtain access to chocolate-flavored pellets was significantly reduced under a progressive ratio schedule. In contrast, these mice do not differ in motor skills, anhedonia- or anxiety-like behavior compared to wild-type littermates. Taken together, these findings suggest a depressive-like or despair behavior in an inevitable situation and a lack of motivation to seek palatable food in EN1-CB1-KO mice, leading us to propose that CB1 plays an important role in the physiological functions of mesDA neurons. In particular, our data suggest that CB1 directly modifies the mesocorticolimbic pathway implicated in depressive-like/despair behavior and motivation. In contrast, the nigrostriatal pathway controlling voluntary movement seems to be unaffected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Baddenhausen
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Beat Lutz
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research (LIR), Mainz, Germany
| | - Clementine Hofmann
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Focus Program Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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4
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Duncan RS, Riordan SM, Gernon MC, Koulen P. Cannabinoids and endocannabinoids as therapeutics for nervous system disorders: preclinical models and clinical studies. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:788-799. [PMID: 37843213 PMCID: PMC10664133 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.382220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cannabinoids are lipophilic substances derived from Cannabis sativa that can exert a variety of effects in the human body. They have been studied in cellular and animal models as well as in human clinical trials for their therapeutic benefits in several human diseases. Some of these include central nervous system (CNS) diseases and dysfunctions such as forms of epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, pain and neuropsychiatric disorders. In addition, the endogenously produced cannabinoid lipids, endocannabinoids, are critical for normal CNS function, and if controlled or modified, may represent an additional therapeutic avenue for CNS diseases. This review discusses in vitro cellular, ex vivo tissue and in vivo animal model studies on cannabinoids and their utility as therapeutics in multiple CNS pathologies. In addition, the review provides an overview on the use of cannabinoids in human clinical trials for a variety of CNS diseases. Cannabinoids and endocannabinoids hold promise for use as disease modifiers and therapeutic agents for the prevention or treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Scott Duncan
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Kansas, MO, USA
| | - Sean M. Riordan
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Kansas, MO, USA
| | - Matthew C. Gernon
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Kansas, MO, USA
| | - Peter Koulen
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Kansas, MO, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Kansas, MO, USA
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5
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Abstract
The cannabis plant has been used for centuries to manage the symptoms of various ailments including pain. Hundreds of chemical compounds have been identified and isolated from the plant and elicit a variety of physiological responses by binding to specific receptors and interacting with numerous other proteins. In addition, the body makes its own cannabinoid-like compounds that are integrally involved in modulating normal and pathophysiological processes. As the legal cannabis landscape continues to evolve within the United States and throughout the world, it is important to understand the rich science behind the effects of the plant and the implications for providers and patients. This narrative review aims to provide an overview of the basic science of the cannabinoids by describing the discovery and function of the endocannabinoid system, pharmacology of cannabinoids, and areas for future research and therapeutic development as they relate to perioperative and chronic pain medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Sideris
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
- HSS Research Institute, New York, New York
| | | | - Martin Kaczocha
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
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6
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Lourenço DM, Soares R, Sá-Santos S, Mateus JM, Rodrigues RS, Moreira JB, Vaz SH, Sebastião AM, Solá S, Xapelli S. Unravelling a novel role for cannabidivarin in the modulation of subventricular zone postnatal neurogenesis. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 959:176079. [PMID: 37802277 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Postnatal neurogenesis has been shown to rely on the endocannabinoid system. Here we aimed at unravelling the role of Cannabidivarin (CBDV), a non-psychoactive cannabinoid, with high affinity for the non-classical cannabinoid receptor TRPV1, on subventricular zone (SVZ) postnatal neurogenesis. Using the neurosphere assay, SVZ-derived neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) were incubated with CBDV and/or 5'-Iodoresinferotoxin (TRPV1 antagonist), and their role on cell viability, proliferation, and differentiation were dissected. CBDV was able to promote, through a TRPV1-dependent mechanism, cell survival, cell proliferation and neuronal differentiation. Furthermore, pulse-chase experiments revealed that CBDV-induced neuronal differentiation was a result of cell cycle exit of NSPCs. Regarding oligodendrocyte differentiation, CBDV inhibited oligodendrocyte differentiation and maturation. Since our data suggested that the CBDV-induced modulation of NSPCs acted via TRPV1, a sodium-calcium channel, and that intracellular calcium levels are known regulators of NSPCs fate and neuronal maturation, single cell calcium imaging was performed to evaluate the functional response of SVZ-derived cells. We observed that CBDV-responsive cells displayed a two-phase calcium influx profile, being the initial phase dependent on TRPV1 activation. Taken together, this work unveiled a novel and untapped neurogenic potential of CBDV via TRPV1 modulation. These findings pave the way to future neural stem cell biological studies and repair strategies by repurposing this non-psychoactive cannabinoid as a valuable therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo M Lourenço
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rita Soares
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto de Biologia Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sónia Sá-Santos
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joana M Mateus
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rui S Rodrigues
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João B Moreira
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sandra H Vaz
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana M Sebastião
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Susana Solá
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sara Xapelli
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal.
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7
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Lafourcade CA, Sparks FT, Bordey A, Wyneken U, Mohammadi MH. Cannabinoid regulation of neurons in the dentate gyrus during epileptogenesis: Role of CB1R-associated proteins and downstream pathways. Epilepsia 2023. [PMID: 36869624 DOI: 10.1111/epi.17569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
The hippocampal formation plays a central role in the development of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), a disease characterized by recurrent, unprovoked epileptic discharges. TLE is a neurologic disorder characterized by acute long-lasting seizures (i.e., abnormal electrical activity in the brain) or seizures that occur in close proximity without recovery, typically after a brain injury or status epilepticus. After status epilepticus, epileptogenic hyperexcitability develops gradually over the following months to years, resulting in the emergence of chronic, recurrent seizures. Acting as a filter or gate, the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) normally prevents excessive excitation from propagating through the hippocampus, and is considered a critical region in the progression of epileptogenesis in pathological conditions. Importantly, lipid-derived endogenous cannabinoids (endocannabinoids), which are produced on demand as retrograde messengers, are central regulators of neuronal activity in the DG circuit. In this review, we summarize recent findings concerning the role of the DG in controlling hyperexcitability and propose how DG regulation by cannabinoids (CBs) could provide avenues for therapeutic interventions. We also highlight possible pathways and manipulations that could be relevant for the control of hyperexcitation. The use of CB compounds to treat epilepsies is controversial, as anecdotal evidence is not always validated by clinical trials. Recent publications shed light on the importance of the DG as a region regulating incoming hippocampal excitability during epileptogenesis. We review recent findings concerning the modulation of the hippocampal DG circuitry by CBs and discuss putative underlying pathways. A better understanding of the mechanisms by which CBs exert their action during seizures may be useful to improve therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Lafourcade
- Department of Biological Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China
| | - Fraser T Sparks
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.,Current: Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, New York, USA
| | - Angelique Bordey
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Ursula Wyneken
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica, Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, Chile.,Center of Interventional Medicine for Precision and Advanced Cellular Therapy, Santiago, Chile
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8
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Rouzer SK, Gutierrez J, Larin KV, Miranda RC. Alcohol & cannabinoid co-use: Implications for impaired fetal brain development following gestational exposure. Exp Neurol 2023; 361:114318. [PMID: 36627039 PMCID: PMC9892278 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol and marijuana are two of the most consumed psychoactive substances by pregnant people, and independently, both substances have been associated with lifelong impacts on fetal neurodevelopment. Importantly, individuals of child-bearing age are increasingly engaging in simultaneous alcohol and cannabinoid (SAC) use, which amplifies each drug's pharmacodynamic effects and increases craving for both substances. However, to date, investigations of prenatal polysubstance use are notably limited in both human and non-human populations. In this review paper, we will address what is currently known about combined exposure to these substances, both directly and prenatally, and identify shared prenatal targets from single-exposure paradigms that may highlight susceptible neurobiological mechanisms for future investigation and therapeutic intervention. Finally, we conclude this manuscript by discussing factors that we feel are essential in the consideration and experimental design of future preclinical SAC studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siara Kate Rouzer
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M School of Medicine, Bryan, TX 77807, United States.
| | - Jessica Gutierrez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, United States
| | - Kirill V Larin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, United States
| | - Rajesh C Miranda
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M School of Medicine, Bryan, TX 77807, United States
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9
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Bernal‐Chico A, Tepavcevic V, Manterola A, Utrilla C, Matute C, Mato S. Endocannabinoid signaling in brain diseases: Emerging relevance of glial cells. Glia 2023; 71:103-126. [PMID: 35353392 PMCID: PMC9790551 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of cannabinoid receptors as the primary molecular targets of psychotropic cannabinoid Δ9 -tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9 -THC) in late 1980s paved the way for investigations on the effects of cannabis-based therapeutics in brain pathology. Ever since, a wealth of results obtained from studies on human tissue samples and animal models have highlighted a promising therapeutic potential of cannabinoids and endocannabinoids in a variety of neurological disorders. However, clinical success has been limited and major questions concerning endocannabinoid signaling need to be satisfactorily addressed, particularly with regard to their role as modulators of glial cells in neurodegenerative diseases. Indeed, recent studies have brought into the limelight diverse, often unexpected functions of astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia in brain injury and disease, thus providing scientific basis for targeting glial cells to treat brain disorders. This Review summarizes the current knowledge on the molecular and cellular hallmarks of endocannabinoid signaling in glial cells and its clinical relevance in neurodegenerative and chronic inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Bernal‐Chico
- Department of NeurosciencesUniversity of the Basque Country UPV/EHULeioaSpain,Achucarro Basque Center for NeuroscienceLeioaSpain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)MadridSpain,Neuroimmunology UnitBiocruces BizkaiaBarakaldoSpain
| | | | - Andrea Manterola
- Department of NeurosciencesUniversity of the Basque Country UPV/EHULeioaSpain,Achucarro Basque Center for NeuroscienceLeioaSpain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)MadridSpain,Present address:
Parque Científico y Tecnológico de GuipuzkoaViralgenSan SebastianSpain
| | | | - Carlos Matute
- Department of NeurosciencesUniversity of the Basque Country UPV/EHULeioaSpain,Achucarro Basque Center for NeuroscienceLeioaSpain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)MadridSpain
| | - Susana Mato
- Department of NeurosciencesUniversity of the Basque Country UPV/EHULeioaSpain,Achucarro Basque Center for NeuroscienceLeioaSpain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)MadridSpain,Neuroimmunology UnitBiocruces BizkaiaBarakaldoSpain
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10
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Costas‐Insua C, Guzmán M. Endocannabinoid signaling in glioma. Glia 2023; 71:127-138. [PMID: 35322459 PMCID: PMC9790654 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
High-grade gliomas constitute the most frequent and aggressive form of primary brain cancer in adults. These tumors express cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors, as well as other elements of the endocannabinoid system. Accruing preclinical evidence supports that pharmacological activation of cannabinoid receptors located on glioma cells exerts overt anti-tumoral effects by modulating key intracellular signaling pathways. The mechanism of this cannabinoid receptor-evoked anti-tumoral activity in experimental models of glioma is intricate and may involve an inhibition not only of cancer cell survival/proliferation, but also of invasiveness, angiogenesis, and the stem cell-like properties of cancer cells, thereby affecting the complex tumor microenvironment. However, the precise biological role of the endocannabinoid system in the generation and progression of glioma seems very context-dependent and remains largely unknown. Increasing our basic knowledge on how (endo)cannabinoids act on glioma cells could help to optimize experimental cannabinoid-based anti-tumoral therapies, as well as the preliminary clinical testing that is currently underway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Costas‐Insua
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)MadridSpain,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyInstituto Universitario de Investigación Neuroquímica (IUIN), Complutense UniversityMadridSpain,Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS)MadridSpain
| | - Manuel Guzmán
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)MadridSpain,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyInstituto Universitario de Investigación Neuroquímica (IUIN), Complutense UniversityMadridSpain,Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS)MadridSpain
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11
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Palmisano M, Gargano A, Olabiyi BF, Lutz B, Bilkei-Gorzo A. Hippocampal Deletion of CB1 Receptor Impairs Social Memory and Leads to Age-Related Changes in the Hippocampus of Adult Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010026. [PMID: 36613469 PMCID: PMC9819823 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocannabinoid system activity declines with age in the hippocampus, along with the density of the cannabinoid receptor type-1 (CB1). This process might contribute to brain ageing, as previous studies showed that the constitutive deletion of the CB1 receptor in mice leads to early onset of memory deficits and histological signs of ageing in the hippocampus including enhanced pro-inflammatory glial activity and reduced neurogenesis. Here we asked whether the CB1 receptor exerts its activity locally, directly influencing hippocampal ageing or indirectly, accelerating systemic ageing. Thus, we deleted the CB1 receptor site-specifically in the hippocampus of 2-month-old CB1flox/flox mice using stereotaxic injections of rAAV-Cre-Venus viruses and assessed their social recognition memory four months later. Mice with hippocampus-specific deletion of the CB1 receptor displayed a memory impairment, similarly as observed in constitutive knockouts at the same age. We next analysed neuroinflammatory changes in the hippocampus, neuronal density and cell proliferation. Site-specific mutant mice had enhanced glial cell activity, up-regulated levels of TNFα in the hippocampus and decreased cell proliferation, specifically in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus. Our data indicate that a local activity of the CB1 receptor in the hippocampus is required to maintain neurogenesis and to prevent neuroinflammation and cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Palmisano
- Institute of Molecular Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53125 Bonn, Germany
| | - Alessandra Gargano
- Institute of Molecular Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53125 Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Beat Lutz
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research (LIR), 55122 Mainz, Germany
| | - Andras Bilkei-Gorzo
- Institute of Molecular Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53125 Bonn, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-0228-6885-317
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12
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Ruiz-Contreras HA, Santamaría A, Arellano-Mendoza MG, Sánchez-Chapul L, Robles-Bañuelos B, Rangel-López E. Modulatory Activity of the Endocannabinoid System in the Development and Proliferation of Cells in the CNS. Neurotox Res 2022; 40:1690-1706. [PMID: 36522511 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-022-00592-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The Endocannabinoid System (ECS, also known as Endocannabinoidome) plays a key role in the function of the Central Nervous System, though the participation of this system on the early development - specifically in neuroprotection and proliferation of nerve cells - has been poorly studied. Here, we collect and describe evidence regarding how cannabinoid receptors CB1R and CB2R regulate several cell markers related to proliferation. While CB1R participates in the modulation of neuronal and glial proliferation, CB2R is involved in the proliferation of glial cells. The endocannabinoids anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) exert significant effects on nerve cell proliferation. AEA generated during embryogenesis induces major effects on the differentiation of neuronal progenitor cells, whereas 2-AG participates in modulating cell migration events rather than affecting the neural proliferation rate. However, although the ECS has been demonstrated to participate in neuroprotection, more characterization on its role in neuronal and glial proliferation and differentiation is needed, especially in brain areas with recognized high neurogenesis rates. This has encouraged scientists to elucidate and propose specific mechanisms related with these cell proliferation mechanisms to better understand some neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson, Huntington and Alzheimer diseases, in which neuronal loss and poor neurogenesis are crucial factors for their onset and progression. In this review, we collect and present recent evidence published pointing to an active role of the ECS in the development and proliferation of nerve cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hipolito A Ruiz-Contreras
- Maestría en Ciencias en Farmacología, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Abel Santamaría
- Laboratorio de Aminoácidos Excitadores/Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología Molecular Y Nanotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología Y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Insurgentes Sur 3877, 14269, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Mónica G Arellano-Mendoza
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónico Degenerativas, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado E Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Laura Sánchez-Chapul
- Laboratorio de Enfermedades Neuromusculares, División de Neurociencias Clínicas, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Benjamín Robles-Bañuelos
- Laboratorio de Aminoácidos Excitadores/Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología Molecular Y Nanotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología Y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Insurgentes Sur 3877, 14269, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Edgar Rangel-López
- Laboratorio de Aminoácidos Excitadores/Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología Molecular Y Nanotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología Y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Insurgentes Sur 3877, 14269, Mexico City, Mexico.
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13
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Leschik J, Gentile A, Cicek C, Péron S, Tevosian M, Beer A, Radyushkin K, Bludau A, Ebner K, Neumann I, Singewald N, Berninger B, Lessmann V, Lutz B. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression in serotonergic neurons improves stress resilience and promotes adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Prog Neurobiol 2022; 217:102333. [PMID: 35872219 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2022.102333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The neurotrophin brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) stimulates adult neurogenesis, but also influences structural plasticity and function of serotonergic neurons. Both, BDNF/TrkB signaling and the serotonergic system modulate behavioral responses to stress and can lead to pathological states when dysregulated. The two systems have been shown to mediate the therapeutic effect of antidepressant drugs and to regulate hippocampal neurogenesis. To elucidate the interplay of both systems at cellular and behavioral levels, we generated a transgenic mouse line that overexpresses BDNF in serotonergic neurons in an inducible manner. Besides displaying enhanced hippocampus-dependent contextual learning, transgenic mice were less affected by chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) compared to wild-type animals. In parallel, we observed enhanced serotonergic axonal sprouting in the dentate gyrus and increased neural stem/progenitor cell proliferation, which was uniformly distributed along the dorsoventral axis of the hippocampus. In the forced swim test, BDNF-overexpressing mice behaved similarly as wild-type mice treated with the antidepressant fluoxetine. Our data suggest that BDNF released from serotonergic projections exerts this effect partly by enhancing adult neurogenesis. Furthermore, independently of the genotype, enhanced neurogenesis positively correlated with the social interaction time after the CSDS, a measure for stress resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Leschik
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz 55128, Germany.
| | - Antonietta Gentile
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz 55128, Germany; Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, Rome 00183, Italy
| | - Cigdem Cicek
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz 55128, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Hacettepe University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey; Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Yuksek Ihtisas University, 06520 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sophie Péron
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz 55128, Germany; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, King's College London, London SE11UL, United Kingdom
| | - Margaryta Tevosian
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz 55128, Germany; Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research (LIR), Mainz 55122, Germany
| | - Annika Beer
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz 55128, Germany; Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research (LIR), Mainz 55122, Germany
| | | | - Anna Bludau
- Department of Behavioural and Molecular Neurobiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg 93053, Germany
| | - Karl Ebner
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, Leopold Franzens University Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Inga Neumann
- Department of Behavioural and Molecular Neurobiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg 93053, Germany
| | - Nicolas Singewald
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, Leopold Franzens University Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Benedikt Berninger
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz 55128, Germany; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, King's College London, London SE11UL, United Kingdom; Focus Program Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz 55131, Germany; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London SE11UL, United Kingdom
| | - Volkmar Lessmann
- Institute of Physiology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg 39120, Germany; Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Magdeburg 39120, Germany
| | - Beat Lutz
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz 55128, Germany; Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research (LIR), Mainz 55122, Germany
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14
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Cannabinoid CB 1 receptor gene inactivation in oligodendrocyte precursors disrupts oligodendrogenesis and myelination in mice. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:585. [PMID: 35798697 PMCID: PMC9263142 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05032-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Cannabinoids are known to modulate oligodendrogenesis and developmental CNS myelination. However, the cell-autonomous action of these compounds on oligodendroglial cells in vivo, and the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects have not yet been studied. Here, by using oligodendroglial precursor cell (OPC)-targeted genetic mouse models, we show that cannabinoid CB1 receptors exert an essential role in modulating OPC differentiation at the critical periods of postnatal myelination. We found that selective genetic inactivation of CB1 receptors in OPCs in vivo perturbs oligodendrogenesis and postnatal myelination by altering the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway, leading to hypomyelination, and motor and cognitive alterations in young adult mice. Conversely, pharmacological CB1 receptor activation, by inducing E3 ubiquitin ligase-dependent RhoA proteasomal degradation, promotes oligodendrocyte development and CNS myelination in OPCs, an effect that was not evident in OPC-specific CB1 receptor-deficient mice. Moreover, pharmacological inactivation of ROCK in vivo overcomes the defects in oligodendrogenesis and CNS myelination, and behavioral alterations found in OPC-specific CB1 receptor-deficient mice. Overall, this study supports a cell-autonomous role for CB1 receptors in modulating oligodendrogenesis in vivo, which may have a profound impact on the scientific knowledge and therapeutic manipulation of CNS myelination by cannabinoids.
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15
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Ramon-Duaso C, Conde-Moro AR, Busquets-Garcia A. Astroglial cannabinoid signaling and behavior. Glia 2022; 71:60-70. [PMID: 35293647 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In neuroscience, the explosion of innovative and advanced technical accomplishments is fundamental to understanding brain functioning. For example, the possibility to distinguish glial and neuronal activities at the synaptic level and/or the appearance of new genetic tools to specifically monitor and manipulate astroglial functions revealed that astrocytes are involved in several facets of behavioral control. In this sense, the discovery of functional presence of type-1 cannabinoid receptors in astrocytes has led to identify important behavioral responses mediated by this specific pool of cannabinoid receptors. Thus, astroglial type-1 cannabinoid receptors are in the perfect place to play a role in a complex scenario in which astrocytes sense neuronal activity, release gliotransmitters and modulate the activity of other neurons, ultimately controlling behavioral responses. In this review, we will describe the known behavioral implications of astroglial cannabinoid signaling and highlight exciting unexplored research avenues on how astroglial cannabinoid signaling could affect behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Ramon-Duaso
- Cell-Type Mechanisms in Normal and Pathological Behavior Research Group, Neuroscience Programme, IMIM Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Rocio Conde-Moro
- Cell-Type Mechanisms in Normal and Pathological Behavior Research Group, Neuroscience Programme, IMIM Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Arnau Busquets-Garcia
- Cell-Type Mechanisms in Normal and Pathological Behavior Research Group, Neuroscience Programme, IMIM Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
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16
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Schuele LL, Schuermann B, Bilkei-Gorzo A, Gorgzadeh S, Zimmer A, Leidmaa E. Regulation of adult neurogenesis by the endocannabinoid-producing enzyme diacylglycerol lipase alpha (DAGLa). Sci Rep 2022; 12:633. [PMID: 35022487 PMCID: PMC8755832 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04600-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system modulates adult hippocampal neurogenesis by promoting the proliferation and survival of neural stem and progenitor cells (NSPCs). This is demonstrated by the disruption of adult neurogenesis under two experimental conditions: (1) NSPC-specific deletion of cannabinoid receptors and (2) constitutive deletion of the enzyme diacylglycerol lipase alpha (DAGLa) which produces the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG). However, the specific cell types producing 2-AG relevant to neurogenesis remain unknown. Here we sought to identify the cellular source of endocannabinoids in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus (DG) in hippocampus, an important neurogenic niche. For this purpose, we used two complementary Cre-deleter mouse strains to delete Dagla either in neurons, or in astroglia and NSPCs. Surprisingly, neurogenesis was not altered in mice bearing a deletion of Dagla in neurons (Syn-Dagla KO), although neurons are the main source for the endocannabinoids in the brain. In contrast, a specific inducible deletion of Dagla in NPSCs and astrocytes (GLAST-CreERT2-Dagla KO) resulted in a strongly impaired neurogenesis with a 50% decrease in proliferation of newborn cells. These results identify Dagla in NSPCs in the DG or in astrocytes as a prominent regulator of adult hippocampal neurogenesis. We also show a reduction of Daglb expression in GLAST-CreERT2-Dagla KO mice, which may have contributed to the neurogenesis phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena-Louise Schuele
- Institute of Molecular Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, Building 76, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Britta Schuermann
- Institute of Molecular Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, Building 76, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Andras Bilkei-Gorzo
- Institute of Molecular Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, Building 76, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sara Gorgzadeh
- Institute of Molecular Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, Building 76, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas Zimmer
- Institute of Molecular Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, Building 76, 53127, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Este Leidmaa
- Institute of Molecular Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, Building 76, 53127, Bonn, Germany
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Zhang X, Wei X, Mei Y, Wang D, Wang J, Zhang Y, Li X, Gu Y, Peng G, Sun B. Modulating adult neurogenesis affects synaptic plasticity and cognitive functions in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease. Stem Cell Reports 2021; 16:3005-3019. [PMID: 34861165 PMCID: PMC8693766 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
New neurons are abnormal in the adult hippocampus of Alzheimer's disease (AD) mouse models. The effects of modulating adult neurogenesis on AD pathogenesis differ from study to study. We reported recently that ablation of adult neural stem cells (aNSCs) was associated with improved memory in AD models. Here, we found that long-term potentiation (LTP) was improved in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice after ablation of aNSCs. This effect was confirmed in hAPP-J20 mice, a second AD mouse model. On the other hand, we found that exposure to enriched environment (EE) dramatically increased the number of DCX+ neurons, promoted dendritic growth, and affected the location of newborn neurons in the dentate gyrus of APP/PS1 mice, and EE exposure significantly ameliorated memory deficits in APP/PS1 mice. Together, our data suggest that both inhibiting abnormal adult neurogenesis and enhancing healthy adult neurogenesis could be beneficial for AD, and they are not mutually exclusive. Ablation of aNSCs improves hippocampal synaptic plasticity in AD mice Ablation of aNSCs results in hippocampal remodeling in AD mice EE accelerates development of new neurons and improves cognition in AD mice Effects of inhibiting and enhancing AHN on AD are not mutually exclusive
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315211, China
| | - Xiaojie Wei
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Neurology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310058, China
| | - Yufei Mei
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Neurology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310058, China
| | - Dongpi Wang
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Neurology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310058, China; Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310003, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Neurology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310058, China
| | - Yiping Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Neurology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310058, China
| | - Xuekun Li
- Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310003, China; Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310029, China
| | - Yan Gu
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310058, China
| | - Guoping Peng
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Neurology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310058, China
| | - Binggui Sun
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Neurology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310058, China.
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18
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Gallego-Landin I, García-Baos A, Castro-Zavala A, Valverde O. Reviewing the Role of the Endocannabinoid System in the Pathophysiology of Depression. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:762738. [PMID: 34938182 PMCID: PMC8685322 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.762738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder is a high-impact, debilitating disease and it is currently considered the most prevalent mental illness. It is associated with disability, as well as increased morbidity and mortality. Despite its significant repercussions in our society, its exact pathophysiology remains unclear and therefore, available antidepressant treatment options are limited and, in some cases, ineffective. In the past years, research has focused on the development of a multifactorial theory of depression. Simultaneously, evidence supporting the role of the endocannabinoid system in the neurobiology of neuropsychiatric diseases has emerged. Studies have shown that the endocannabinoid system strongly impacts neurotransmission, and the neuroendocrine and neuroimmune systems, which are known to be dysfunctional in depressive patients. Accordingly, common antidepressants were shown to have a direct impact on the expression of cannabinoid receptors throughout the brain. Therefore, the relationship between the endocannabinoid system and major depressive disorder is worth consideration. Nevertheless, most studies focus on smaller pieces of what is undoubtedly a larger mosaic of interdependent processes. Therefore, the present review summarizes the existing literature regarding the role of the endocannabinoid system in depression aiming to integrate this information into a holistic picture for a better understanding of the relationship between the two.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Gallego-Landin
- Neurobiology of Behaviour Research Group (GReNeC—NeuroBio), Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alba García-Baos
- Neurobiology of Behaviour Research Group (GReNeC—NeuroBio), Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adriana Castro-Zavala
- Neurobiology of Behaviour Research Group (GReNeC—NeuroBio), Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olga Valverde
- Neurobiology of Behaviour Research Group (GReNeC—NeuroBio), Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Neuroscience Research Programme, IMIM-Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
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19
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Forte N, Boccella S, Tunisi L, Fernández-Rilo AC, Imperatore R, Iannotti FA, De Risi M, Iannotta M, Piscitelli F, Capasso R, De Girolamo P, De Leonibus E, Maione S, Di Marzo V, Cristino L. Orexin-A and endocannabinoids are involved in obesity-associated alteration of hippocampal neurogenesis, plasticity, and episodic memory in mice. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6137. [PMID: 34675233 PMCID: PMC8531398 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26388-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian brain stores and distinguishes among episodic memories, i.e. memories formed during the personal experience, through a mechanism of pattern separation computed in the hippocampal dentate gyrus. Decision-making for food-related behaviors, such as the choice and intake of food, might be affected in obese subjects by alterations in the retrieval of episodic memories. Adult neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus regulates the pattern separation. Several molecular factors affect adult neurogenesis and exert a critical role in the development and plasticity of newborn neurons. Orexin-A/hypocretin-1 and downstream endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol signaling are altered in obese mice. Here, we show that excessive orexin-A/2-arachidonoylglycerol/cannabinoid receptor type-1 signaling leads to the dysfunction of adult hippocampal neurogenesis and the subsequent inhibition of plasticity and impairment of pattern separation. By inhibiting orexin-A action at orexin-1 receptors we rescued both plasticity and pattern separation impairment in obese mice, thus providing a molecular and functional mechanism to explain alterations in episodic memory in obesity. The authors show that adult hippocampal neurogenesis is altered in the dentate gyrus of obese mice with subsequent inhibition of long-term potentiation and impairment of pattern separation. Inhibition of orexin-A action at orexin-1 receptors rescued both impairments in obese mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Forte
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Pozzuoli, NA, Italy
| | - Serena Boccella
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Lea Tunisi
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Pozzuoli, NA, Italy
| | | | - Roberta Imperatore
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Fabio Arturo Iannotti
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Pozzuoli, NA, Italy
| | - Maria De Risi
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy.,Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy
| | - Monica Iannotta
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Fabiana Piscitelli
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Pozzuoli, NA, Italy
| | - Raffaele Capasso
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, NA, Italy
| | - Paolo De Girolamo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Elvira De Leonibus
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy.,Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy
| | - Sabatino Maione
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Napoli, Italy.,I.R.C.S.S., Neuromed, 86077, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Di Marzo
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Pozzuoli, NA, Italy. .,Heart and Lung Research Institute of Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada. .,Institute for Nutrition and Functional Foods, Centre NUTRISS, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada. .,Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, 61V0AG, Canada.
| | - Luigia Cristino
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Pozzuoli, NA, Italy.
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20
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Valeri A, Mazzon E. Cannabinoids and Neurogenesis: The Promised Solution for Neurodegeneration? Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26206313. [PMID: 34684894 PMCID: PMC8541184 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The concept of neurons as irreplaceable cells does not hold true today. Experiments and evidence of neurogenesis, also, in the adult brain give hope that some compounds or drugs can enhance this process, helping to reverse the outcomes of diseases or traumas that once were thought to be everlasting. Cannabinoids, both from natural and artificial origins, already proved to have several beneficial effects (e.g., anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidants and analgesic action), but also capacity to increase neuronal population, by replacing the cells that were lost and/or regenerate a damaged nerve cell. Neurogenesis is a process which is not highly represented in literature as neuroprotection, though it is as important as prevention of nervous system damage, because it can represent a possible solution when neuronal death is already present, such as in neurodegenerative diseases. The aim of this review is to resume the experimental evidence of phyto- and synthetic cannabinoids effects on neurogenesis, both in vitro and in vivo, in order to elucidate if they possess also neurogenetic and neurorepairing properties.
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21
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Jensen GS, Leon-Palmer NE, Townsend KL. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) in the central regulation of energy balance and adult neural plasticity. Metabolism 2021; 123:154837. [PMID: 34331962 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2021.154837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The current worldwide obesity pandemic highlights a need to better understand the regulation of energy balance and metabolism, including the role of the nervous system in controlling energy intake and energy expenditure. Neural plasticity in the hypothalamus of the adult brain has been implicated in full-body metabolic health, however, the mechanisms surrounding hypothalamic plasticity are incompletely understood. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) control metabolic health through actions in the brain as well as in peripheral tissues such as adipose, together regulating both energy intake and energy expenditure. BMP ligands, receptors, and inhibitors are found throughout plastic adult brain regions and have been demonstrated to modulate neurogenesis and gliogenesis, as well as synaptic and dendritic plasticity. This role for BMPs in adult neural plasticity is distinct from their roles in brain development. Existing evidence suggests that BMPs induce weight loss through hypothalamic pathways, and part of the mechanism of action may be through inducing neural plasticity. In this review, we summarize the data regarding how BMPs affect neural plasticity in the adult mammalian brain, as well as the relationship between central BMP signaling and metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel S Jensen
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States of America; Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Noelle E Leon-Palmer
- School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States of America
| | - Kristy L Townsend
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States of America; Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States of America; School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States of America.
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22
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de la Tremblaye PB, Wellcome JL, Wiley K, Lomahan CA, Moschonas EH, Cheng JP, Bondi CO, Kline AE. Chronic unpredictable stress during adolescence protects against adult traumatic brain injury-induced affective and cognitive deficits. Brain Res 2021; 1767:147544. [PMID: 34090883 PMCID: PMC8349874 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Pre-clinical early-life stress paradigms model early adverse events in humans. However, the long-term behavioral consequences of early-life adversities after traumatic brain injury (TBI) in adults have not been examined. In addition, endocannabinoids may protect against TBI neuropathology. Hence, the current study assessed the effects of adverse stress during adolescence on emotional and cognitive performance in rats sustaining a TBI as adults, and how cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) activation impacts the outcome. On postnatal days (PND) 30-60, adolescent male rats were exposed to four weeks of chronic unpredictable stress (CUS), followed by four weeks of no stress (PND 60-90), or no stress at any time (Control), and then anesthetized and provided a cortical impact of moderate severity (2.8 mm tissue deformation at 4 m/s) or sham injury. TBI and Sham rats (CUS and Control) were administered either arachidonyl-2'-chloroethylamide (ACEA; 1 mg/kg, i.p.), a CB1 receptor agonist, or vehicle (VEH; 1 mL/kg, i.p.) immediately after surgery and once daily for 7 days. Anxiety-like behavior was assessed in an open field test (OFT) and learning and memory in novel object recognition (NOR) and Morris water maze (MWM) tasks. No differences were revealed among the Sham groups in any behavioral assessment and thus the groups were pooled. In the ACEA and VEH-treated TBI groups, CUS increased exploration in the OFT, enhanced NOR focus, and decreased the time to reach the escape platform in the MWM, suggesting decreased anxiety and enhanced learning and memory relative to the Control group receiving VEH (p < 0.05). ACEA also enhanced NOR and MWM performance in the Control + TBI group (p < 0.05). These data suggest that 4 weeks of CUS provided during adolescence may provide protection against TBI acquired during adulthood and/or induce adaptive behavioral responses. Moreover, CB1 receptor agonism produces benefits after TBI independent of CUS protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia B de la Tremblaye
- Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States; Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States; Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - JoDy L Wellcome
- Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States; Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Kaitlyn Wiley
- Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States; Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Carolyn A Lomahan
- Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States; Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Eleni H Moschonas
- Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States; Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States; Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Jeffrey P Cheng
- Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States; Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Corina O Bondi
- Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States; Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States; Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States; Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Anthony E Kline
- Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States; Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States; Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States; Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States; Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States; Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States.
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23
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Netzahualcoyotzi C, Rodríguez-Serrano LM, Chávez-Hernández ME, Buenrostro-Jáuregui MH. Early Consumption of Cannabinoids: From Adult Neurogenesis to Behavior. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7450. [PMID: 34299069 PMCID: PMC8306314 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is a crucial modulatory system in which interest has been increasing, particularly regarding the regulation of behavior and neuroplasticity. The adolescent-young adulthood phase of development comprises a critical period in the maturation of the nervous system and the ECS. Neurogenesis occurs in discrete regions of the adult brain, and this process is linked to the modulation of some behaviors. Since marijuana (cannabis) is the most consumed illegal drug globally and the highest consumption rate is observed during adolescence, it is of particular importance to understand the effects of ECS modulation in these early stages of adulthood. Thus, in this article, we sought to summarize recent evidence demonstrating the role of the ECS and exogenous cannabinoid consumption in the adolescent-young adulthood period; elucidate the effects of exogenous cannabinoid consumption on adult neurogenesis; and describe some essential and adaptive behaviors, such as stress, anxiety, learning, and memory. The data summarized in this work highlight the relevance of maintaining balance in the endocannabinoid modulatory system in the early and adult stages of life. Any ECS disturbance may induce significant modifications in the genesis of new neurons and may consequently modify behavioral outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Citlalli Netzahualcoyotzi
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Departamento de Psicología, Universidad Iberoamericana Ciudad de México, Prolongación Paseo de la Reforma 880, Lomas de Santa Fé, Ciudad de México 01219, Mexico; (C.N.); (L.M.R.-S.); (M.E.C.-H.)
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), FCS, Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte, Huixquilucan 52786, Mexico
| | - Luis Miguel Rodríguez-Serrano
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Departamento de Psicología, Universidad Iberoamericana Ciudad de México, Prolongación Paseo de la Reforma 880, Lomas de Santa Fé, Ciudad de México 01219, Mexico; (C.N.); (L.M.R.-S.); (M.E.C.-H.)
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología de la alimentación, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico
| | - María Elena Chávez-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Departamento de Psicología, Universidad Iberoamericana Ciudad de México, Prolongación Paseo de la Reforma 880, Lomas de Santa Fé, Ciudad de México 01219, Mexico; (C.N.); (L.M.R.-S.); (M.E.C.-H.)
| | - Mario Humberto Buenrostro-Jáuregui
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Departamento de Psicología, Universidad Iberoamericana Ciudad de México, Prolongación Paseo de la Reforma 880, Lomas de Santa Fé, Ciudad de México 01219, Mexico; (C.N.); (L.M.R.-S.); (M.E.C.-H.)
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Leschik J, Lutz B, Gentile A. Stress-Related Dysfunction of Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis-An Attempt for Understanding Resilience? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7339. [PMID: 34298958 PMCID: PMC8305135 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Newborn neurons in the adult hippocampus are regulated by many intrinsic and extrinsic cues. It is well accepted that elevated glucocorticoid levels lead to downregulation of adult neurogenesis, which this review discusses as one reason why psychiatric diseases, such as major depression, develop after long-term stress exposure. In reverse, adult neurogenesis has been suggested to protect against stress-induced major depression, and hence, could serve as a resilience mechanism. In this review, we will summarize current knowledge about the functional relation of adult neurogenesis and stress in health and disease. A special focus will lie on the mechanisms underlying the cascades of events from prolonged high glucocorticoid concentrations to reduced numbers of newborn neurons. In addition to neurotransmitter and neurotrophic factor dysregulation, these mechanisms include immunomodulatory pathways, as well as microbiota changes influencing the gut-brain axis. Finally, we discuss recent findings delineating the role of adult neurogenesis in stress resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Leschik
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Beat Lutz
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany;
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research (LIR), 55122 Mainz, Germany
| | - Antonietta Gentile
- Synaptic Immunopathology Lab, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, 00166 Rome, Italy;
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25
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Isaac AR, de Velasco PC, Fraga KYD, Tavares-do-Carmo MDG, Campos RMP, Iannotti FA, Verde R, Martins DBG, Santos TA, Ferreira BK, de Mello FG, Di Marzo V, Andrade-da-Costa BLDS, de Melo Reis RA. Maternal omega-3 intake differentially affects the endocannabinoid system in the progeny`s neocortex and hippocampus: Impact on synaptic markers. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 96:108782. [PMID: 34038760 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and the endocannabinoid system (ECS) modulate several functions through neurodevelopment including synaptic plasticity mechanisms. The interplay between n-3PUFA and the ECS during the early stages of development, however, is not fully understood. This study investigated the effects of maternal n-3PUFA supplementation (n-3Sup) or deficiency (n-3Def) on ECS and synaptic markers in postnatal offspring. Female rats were fed with a control, n-3Def, or n-3Sup diet from 15 days before mating and during pregnancy. The cerebral cortex and hippocampus of mothers and postnatal 1-2 days offspring were analyzed. In the mothers, a n-3 deficiency reduced CB1 receptor (CB1R) protein levels in the cortex and increased CB2 receptor (CB2R) in both cortex and hippocampus. In neonates, a maternal n-3 deficiency reduced the hippocampal CB1R amount while it increased CB2R. Additionally, total GFAP isoform expression was increased in both cortex and hippocampus in neonates of the n-3Def group. Otherwise, maternal n-3 supplementation increased the levels of n-3-derived endocannabinoids, DHEA and EPEA, in the cortex and hippocampus and reduced 2-arachidonoyl-glycerol (2-AG) concentrations in the cortex of the offspring. Furthermore, maternal n-3 supplementation also increased PKA phosphorylation in the cortex and ERK phosphorylation in the hippocampus. Synaptophysin immunocontent in both regions was also increased. In vitro assays showed that the increase of synaptophysin in the n-3Sup group was independent of CB1R activation. The findings show that variations in maternal dietary omega-3 PUFA levels may impact differently on the ECS and molecular markers in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of the progeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alinny Rosendo Isaac
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho (IBCCF), Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | | | - Karla Yasmin Dias Fraga
- Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro (INJC), Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria das Graças Tavares-do-Carmo
- Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro (INJC), Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Raquel Maria Pereira Campos
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho (IBCCF), Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fabio Arturo Iannotti
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare (ICB), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Pozzuoli (NA), Italy
| | - Roberta Verde
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare (ICB), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Pozzuoli (NA), Italy
| | - Danyelly Bruneska Gondim Martins
- Grupo de Bioinformática e prospecção molecular, Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Thaysa Aragão Santos
- Grupo de Bioinformática e prospecção molecular, Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Bruna Klippel Ferreira
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernando Garcia de Mello
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho (IBCCF), Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vincenzo Di Marzo
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare (ICB), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Pozzuoli (NA), Italy; Canada Exellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health, CRIUCPQ and NUTRISS-INAF Universitè Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | | | - Ricardo Augusto de Melo Reis
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho (IBCCF), Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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26
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Robledo-Menendez A, Vella M, Grandes P, Soria-Gomez E. Cannabinoid control of hippocampal functions: the where matters. FEBS J 2021; 289:2162-2175. [PMID: 33977665 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In the brain, hippocampal circuits are crucial for cognitive performance (e.g., memory) and deeply affected in pathological conditions (e.g., epilepsy, Alzheimer). Specialized molecular mechanisms regulate different cell types underlying hippocampal circuitries functions. Among them, cannabinoid receptors exhibit various roles depending on the cell type (e.g., neuron, glial cell) or subcellular organelle (e.g., mitochondria). Determining the site of action and precise mechanisms triggered by cannabinoid receptor activation at a local cellular and subcellular level helps us understand hippocampal pathophysiological states. In doing so, past and current research have advanced our knowledge of cannabinoid functions and proposed novel routes for potential therapeutics. By outlining these data in this work, we aim to showcase current findings and highlight the pathophysiological impact of the cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) localization/activation in hippocampal circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almudena Robledo-Menendez
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain.,Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Leioa, Spain
| | - Maria Vella
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain.,Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Leioa, Spain
| | - Pedro Grandes
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain.,Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Leioa, Spain
| | - Edgar Soria-Gomez
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain.,Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Leioa, Spain.,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
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27
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Wu Z, Xiao L, Wang H, Wang G. Neurogenic hypothesis of positive psychology in stress-induced depression: Adult hippocampal neurogenesis, neuroinflammation, and stress resilience. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 97:107653. [PMID: 33915495 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Stress is an important risk factor for depression. Emerging evidence supports the hypothesis that stress-mediated neuroinflammation destroys brain function and leads to anxiety-like and depression-like behaviors. Previous studies of stress-induced depression have mainly focused on pathological damage; however, the rise of positive psychology has attracted the interest of many researchers in environmental enrichment to promote stress resilience. The hippocampus is one of the most severely damaged brain regions in stress-induced depression. In addition, the hippocampus is one of the most unique regions in the brain, as new neurons are produced in the adult hippocampus, a process known as adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN). AHN is an important core component of the neurogenic hypothesis and has also become a major innovative breakthrough in positive psychology, in which environmental enrichment mediates stress resilience. Neuroinflammation, by activating microglia and releasing some proinflammatory cytokines, is increasingly shown to be one of the key determinant pathophysiological factors that negatively affects AHNand cognitive reserve. AHN is mainly related to remodeling stress response mechanisms, such as memory clearing, emotional control, and pattern separation, suggesting that a correlation may exist between neuroinflammation and AHN in stress resilience. Therefore, we summarized the previous research results to systematically expound on the relationship between AHN, stress resilience, and neuroinflammation. We hope this neurogenic hypothesis of positive psychology in stress-induced depression will provide a new perspective for the study of depression and antidepressant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuotian Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road No.238, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Ling Xiao
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road No.238, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Huiling Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road No.238, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Gaohua Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road No.238, Wuhan 430060, China.
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28
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Giacobbe J, Marrocu A, Di Benedetto MG, Pariante CM, Borsini A. A systematic, integrative review of the effects of the endocannabinoid system on inflammation and neurogenesis in animal models of affective disorders. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 93:353-367. [PMID: 33383145 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid (eCB) system is considered relevant in the pathophysiology of affective disorders, and a potential therapeutic target, as its hypoactivity is considered an important risk factor of depression. However, the biological mechanisms whereby the eCB system affects mood remain elusive. Through a systematic review, thirty-seven articles were obtained from the PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, Embase, PsychInfo, and CINAHL databases, investigating the role of the eCB system on the immune system and neurogenesis, as well as resulting behavioural effects in rodent models of affective disorders. Overall, activation of the eCB system appears to decrease depressive-like behaviour and to be anti-inflammatory, while promoting neuro- and synaptogenesis in various models. Activation of cannabinoid receptors (CBRs) is shown to be crucial in improving depressive-like and anxiety-like behaviour, although cannabidiol administration suggests a role of additional mechanisms. CB1R signalling, as well as fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibition, are associated with decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, activation of CBRs is required for neurogenesis, which is also upregulated by FAAH inhibitors. This review is the first to assess the association between the eCB system, immune system and neurogenesis, alongside behavioural outcomes, across rodent models of affective disorders. We confirm the therapeutic potential of eCB system activation in depression and anxiety, highlighting immunoregulation as an important mechanism whereby dysfunctional behaviour and neurogenesis can be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Giacobbe
- Stress, Psychiatry and Immunology Laboratory, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Alessia Marrocu
- Stress, Psychiatry and Immunology Laboratory, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Grazia Di Benedetto
- Stress, Psychiatry and Immunology Laboratory, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom; Biological Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Fatebenefratelli S. Giovanni di Dio, Brescia, Italy
| | - Carmine M Pariante
- Stress, Psychiatry and Immunology Laboratory, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Alessandra Borsini
- Stress, Psychiatry and Immunology Laboratory, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom.
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29
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Morozov YM, Mackie K, Rakic P. Cannabinoid Type 1 Receptor is Undetectable in Rodent and Primate Cerebral Neural Stem Cells but Participates in Radial Neuronal Migration. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228657. [PMID: 33212822 PMCID: PMC7696736 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cannabinoid type 1 receptor (CB1R) is expressed and participates in several aspects of cerebral cortex embryonic development as demonstrated with whole-transcriptome mRNA sequencing and other contemporary methods. However, the cellular location of CB1R, which helps to specify molecular mechanisms, remains to be documented. Using three-dimensional (3D) electron microscopic reconstruction, we examined CB1R immunolabeling in proliferating neural stem cells (NSCs) and migrating neurons in the embryonic mouse (Mus musculus) and rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) cerebral cortex. We found that the mitotic and postmitotic ventricular and subventricular zone (VZ and SVZ) cells are immunonegative in both species while radially migrating neurons in the intermediate zone (IZ) and cortical plate (CP) contain CB1R-positive intracellular vesicles. CB1R immunolabeling was more numerous and more extensive in monkeys compared to mice. In CB1R-knock out mice, projection neurons in the IZ show migration abnormalities such as an increased number of lateral processes. Thus, in radially migrating neurons CB1R provides a molecular substrate for the regulation of cell movement. Undetectable level of CB1R in VZ/SVZ cells indicates that previously suggested direct CB1R-transmitted regulation of cellular proliferation and fate determination demands rigorous re-examination. More abundant CB1R expression in monkey compared to mouse suggests that therapeutic or recreational cannabis use may be more distressing for immature primate neurons than inferred from experiments with rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yury M. Morozov
- Department of Neuroscience, Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 6510, USA
- Correspondence: (Y.M.M.); (P.R.)
| | - Ken Mackie
- Gill Center for Biomolecular Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405-2204, USA;
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405-2204, USA
| | - Pasko Rakic
- Department of Neuroscience, Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 6510, USA
- Correspondence: (Y.M.M.); (P.R.)
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30
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Lourenço DM, Ribeiro-Rodrigues L, Sebastião AM, Diógenes MJ, Xapelli S. Neural Stem Cells and Cannabinoids in the Spotlight as Potential Therapy for Epilepsy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7309. [PMID: 33022963 PMCID: PMC7582633 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is one of the most common brain diseases worldwide, having a huge burden in society. The main hallmark of epilepsy is the occurrence of spontaneous recurrent seizures, having a tremendous impact on the lives of the patients and of their relatives. Currently, the therapeutic strategies are mostly based on the use of antiepileptic drugs, and because several types of epilepsies are of unknown origin, a high percentage of patients are resistant to the available pharmacotherapy, continuing to experience seizures overtime. Therefore, the search for new drugs and therapeutic targets is highly important. One key aspect to be targeted is the aberrant adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) derived from Neural Stem Cells (NSCs). Indeed, targeting seizure-induced AHN may reduce recurrent seizures and shed some light on the mechanisms of disease. The endocannabinoid system is a known modulator of AHN, and due to the known endogenous antiepileptic properties, it is an interesting candidate for the generation of new antiepileptic drugs. However, further studies and clinical trials are required to investigate the putative mechanisms by which cannabinoids can be used to treat epilepsy. In this manuscript, we will review how cannabinoid-induced modulation of NSCs may promote neural plasticity and whether these drugs can be used as putative antiepileptic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo M. Lourenço
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal; (D.M.L.); (L.R.-R.); (A.M.S.); (M.J.D.)
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Leonor Ribeiro-Rodrigues
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal; (D.M.L.); (L.R.-R.); (A.M.S.); (M.J.D.)
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana M. Sebastião
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal; (D.M.L.); (L.R.-R.); (A.M.S.); (M.J.D.)
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria J. Diógenes
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal; (D.M.L.); (L.R.-R.); (A.M.S.); (M.J.D.)
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sara Xapelli
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal; (D.M.L.); (L.R.-R.); (A.M.S.); (M.J.D.)
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
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Abstract
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is a highly versatile signaling system within the nervous system. Despite its widespread localization, its functions within the context of distinct neural processes are very well discernable and specific. This is remarkable, and the question remains as to how such specificity is achieved. One key player in the ECS is the cannabinoid type 1 receptor (CB1), a G protein-coupled receptor characterized by the complexity of its cell-specific expression, cellular and subcellular localization, and its adaptable regulation of intracellular signaling cascades. CB1 receptors are involved in different synaptic and cellular plasticity processes and in the brain's bioenergetics in a context-specific manner. CB2 receptors are also important in several processes in neurons, glial cells, and immune cells of the brain. As polymorphisms in ECS components, as well as external impacts such as stress and metabolic challenges, can both lead to dysregulated ECS activity and subsequently to possible neuropsychiatric disorders, pharmacological intervention targeting the ECS is a promising therapeutic approach. Understanding the neurobiology of cannabinoid receptor signaling in depth will aid optimal design of therapeutic interventions, minimizing unwanted side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beat Lutz
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
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Soriano D, Vacotto M, Brusco A, Caltana L. Neuronal and synaptic morphological alterations in the hippocampus of cannabinoid receptor type 1 knockout mice. J Neurosci Res 2020; 98:2245-2262. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Delia Soriano
- Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. 1° Unidad Académica del Departamento de Histología, Embriología, Biología Celular y Genética. Buenos Aires. Argentina. Buenos Aires Argentina
- Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia Prof. E. De Robertis (IBCN) CONICET‐Universidad de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Marina Vacotto
- Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia Prof. E. De Robertis (IBCN) CONICET‐Universidad de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Alicia Brusco
- Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. 1° Unidad Académica del Departamento de Histología, Embriología, Biología Celular y Genética. Buenos Aires. Argentina. Buenos Aires Argentina
- Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia Prof. E. De Robertis (IBCN) CONICET‐Universidad de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Laura Caltana
- Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. 1° Unidad Académica del Departamento de Histología, Embriología, Biología Celular y Genética. Buenos Aires. Argentina. Buenos Aires Argentina
- Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia Prof. E. De Robertis (IBCN) CONICET‐Universidad de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina
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33
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Vieira G, Cavalli J, Gonçalves ECD, Braga SFP, Ferreira RS, Santos ARS, Cola M, Raposo NRB, Capasso R, Dutra RC. Antidepressant-Like Effect of Terpineol in an Inflammatory Model of Depression: Involvement of the Cannabinoid System and D2 Dopamine Receptor. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E792. [PMID: 32443870 PMCID: PMC7280984 DOI: 10.3390/biom10050792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression has a multifactorial etiology that arises from environmental, psychological, genetic, and biological factors. Environmental stress and genetic factors acting through immunological and endocrine responses generate structural and functional changes in the brain, inducing neurogenesis and neurotransmission dysfunction. Terpineol, monoterpenoid alcohol, has shown immunomodulatory and neuroprotective effects, but there is no report about its antidepressant potential. Herein, we used a single lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection to induce a depressive-like effect in the tail suspension test (TST) and the splash test (ST) for a preventive and therapeutic experimental schedule. Furthermore, we investigated the antidepressant-like mechanism of action of terpineol while using molecular and pharmacological approaches. Terpineol showed a coherent predicted binding mode mainly against CB1 and CB2 receptors and also against the D2 receptor during docking modeling analyses. The acute administration of terpineol produced the antidepressant-like effect, since it significantly reduced the immobility time in TST (100-200 mg/kg, p.o.) as compared to the control group. Moreover, terpineol showed an antidepressant-like effect in the preventive treatment that was blocked by a nonselective dopaminergic receptor antagonist (haloperidol), a selective dopamine D2 receptor antagonist (sulpiride), a selective CB1 cannabinoid receptor antagonist/inverse agonist (AM281), and a potent and selective CB2 cannabinoid receptor inverse agonist (AM630), but it was not blocked by a nonselective adenosine receptor antagonist (caffeine) or a β-adrenoceptor antagonist (propranolol). In summary, molecular docking suggests that CB1 and CB2 receptors are the most promising targets of terpineol action. Our data showed terpineol antidepressant-like modulation by CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors and D2-dopaminergic receptors to further corroborate our molecular evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziela Vieira
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Immunopharmacology (LAIF), Department of Health Sciences, Campus Araranguá, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Araranguá 88906-072, Brazil; (G.V.); (J.C.); (E.C.D.G.); (M.C.)
| | - Juliana Cavalli
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Immunopharmacology (LAIF), Department of Health Sciences, Campus Araranguá, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Araranguá 88906-072, Brazil; (G.V.); (J.C.); (E.C.D.G.); (M.C.)
| | - Elaine C. D. Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Immunopharmacology (LAIF), Department of Health Sciences, Campus Araranguá, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Araranguá 88906-072, Brazil; (G.V.); (J.C.); (E.C.D.G.); (M.C.)
- Post-Graduate Program of Neuroscience, Center of Biological Science, Campus Florianópolis, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil;
| | - Saulo F. P. Braga
- Laboratório de Modelagem Molecular e Planejamento de Fármacos, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; (S.F.P.B.); (R.S.F.)
| | - Rafaela S. Ferreira
- Laboratório de Modelagem Molecular e Planejamento de Fármacos, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; (S.F.P.B.); (R.S.F.)
| | - Adair R. S. Santos
- Post-Graduate Program of Neuroscience, Center of Biological Science, Campus Florianópolis, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil;
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Pain and Inflammation, Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Maíra Cola
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Immunopharmacology (LAIF), Department of Health Sciences, Campus Araranguá, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Araranguá 88906-072, Brazil; (G.V.); (J.C.); (E.C.D.G.); (M.C.)
| | - Nádia R. B. Raposo
- Center for Research and Innovation in Health Sciences (NUPICS), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de For a 36036-330, Brazil;
| | - Raffaele Capasso
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, 80078 Naples, Italy
| | - Rafael C. Dutra
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Immunopharmacology (LAIF), Department of Health Sciences, Campus Araranguá, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Araranguá 88906-072, Brazil; (G.V.); (J.C.); (E.C.D.G.); (M.C.)
- Post-Graduate Program of Neuroscience, Center of Biological Science, Campus Florianópolis, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil;
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Stasiulewicz A, Znajdek K, Grudzień M, Pawiński T, Sulkowska JI. A Guide to Targeting the Endocannabinoid System in Drug Design. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082778. [PMID: 32316328 PMCID: PMC7216112 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is one of the most crucial systems in the human organism, exhibiting multi-purpose regulatory character. It is engaged in a vast array of physiological processes, including nociception, mood regulation, cognitive functions, neurogenesis and neuroprotection, appetite, lipid metabolism, as well as cell growth and proliferation. Thus, ECS proteins, including cannabinoid receptors and their endogenous ligands’ synthesizing and degrading enzymes, are promising therapeutic targets. Their modulation has been employed in or extensively studied as a treatment of multiple diseases. However, due to a complex nature of ECS and its crosstalk with other biological systems, the development of novel drugs turned out to be a challenging task. In this review, we summarize potential therapeutic applications for ECS-targeting drugs, especially focusing on promising synthetic compounds and preclinical studies. We put emphasis on modulation of specific proteins of ECS in different pathophysiological areas. In addition, we stress possible difficulties and risks and highlight proposed solutions. By presenting this review, we point out information pivotal in the spotlight of ECS-targeting drug design, as well as provide an overview of the current state of knowledge on ECS-related pharmacodynamics and show possible directions for needed research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Stasiulewicz
- Department of Drug Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (M.G.); (T.P.)
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Biological Systems Modelling, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (J.I.S.)
| | - Katarzyna Znajdek
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Biological Systems Modelling, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Grudzień
- Department of Drug Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (M.G.); (T.P.)
| | - Tomasz Pawiński
- Department of Drug Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (M.G.); (T.P.)
| | - Joanna I. Sulkowska
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Biological Systems Modelling, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (J.I.S.)
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35
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Poor Concordance of Floxed Sequence Recombination in Single Neural Stem Cells: Implications for Cell Autonomous Studies. eNeuro 2020; 7:ENEURO.0470-19.2020. [PMID: 32079584 PMCID: PMC7086402 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0470-19.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
To manipulate target gene function in specific adult cell populations, tamoxifen (TAM)-dependent CreERT2 is widely used to drive inducible, site-specific recombination of loxP flanked sequences. In studies of cell autonomous target gene function, it is common practice to combine these CreERT2-lox systems with a ubiquitously expressed stop-floxed fluorescent reporter gene to identify single cells supposedly undergoing target gene recombination. Here, we studied the reliability of using Cre-induced recombination of one gene to predict recombination in another gene at the single-cell level in adult hippocampal neural stem and progenitor cells (NSPCs). Using both probabilistic predictions in a generic experimental paradigm, as well as a mouse model with two separate stop-floxed reporters plus a Nestin promoter-driven CreERT2, we found that, in individual cells, recombination of one gene was a poor predictor of recombination in another. This poor concordance in floxed sequence recombination across genes suggests that use of stop-floxed reporters to investigate cell autonomous gene function may not be universally reliable and could lead to false conclusions.
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Adipocyte cannabinoid CB1 receptor deficiency alleviates high fat diet-induced memory deficit, depressive-like behavior, neuroinflammation and impairment in adult neurogenesis. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2019; 110:104418. [PMID: 31491589 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.104418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a low-grade inflammation condition that facilitates the development of numerous comorbidities and the dysregulation of brain homeostasis. Additionally, obesity also causes distinct behavioral alterations both in humans and rodents. Here, we investigated the effect of inducible genetic deletion of the cannabinoid type 1 receptor (CB1) in adipocytes (Ati-CB1-KO mice) on obesity-induced memory deficits, depressive-like behavior, neuroinflammation and adult neurogenesis. METHODS Behavioral, mRNA expression and immunohistochemical studies were performed in Ati-CB1-KO mice and corresponding wild-type controls under standard and high-fat diet. RESULTS Adipocyte-specific CB1 deletion reversed metabolic disturbances associated with an obese condition confirming previous studies. As compared to obese mice, the metabolic amelioration in Ati-CB1-KO mice was associated with an improvement of mood-related behavior and recognition memory, concomitantly with an increase in cell proliferation in metabolic relevant neurogenic niches in hippocampus and hypothalamus. In mutant mice, these changes were related to an increased neuronal maturation/survival in the hippocampus. Furthermore, CB1 deletion in adipocytes was sufficient to reduce obesity-induced inflammation, gliosis and apoptosis in a brain region-specific manner. CONCLUSIONS Overall our data provide compelling evidence of the physiological relevance of the adipocyte-brain crosstalk where adipocyte-specific CB1 influences obesity-related cognitive deficits and depression-like behavior, concomitantly with brain remodeling, such as adult neurogenesis and neuroinflammation in the hippocampus and hypothalamus.
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Hedrich J, Angamo EA, Conrad A, Lutz B, Luhmann HJ. Cell type specific impact of cannabinoid receptor signaling in somatosensory barrel map formation in mice. J Comp Neurol 2019; 528:3-13. [PMID: 31226222 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Endocannabinoids and their receptors are highly abundant in the developing cerebral cortex and play major roles in early developmental processes, for example, neuronal proliferation, migration, and axonal guidance as well as postnatal plasticity. To investigate the role of the cannabinoid type 1 receptor (CB1) in the formation of sensory maps in the cerebral cortex, the topographic representation of the whiskers in the primary somatosensory cortex (barrel field) of adult mice with different cell type specific genetic deletion of CB1 was studied. A constitutive absence of CB1 (CB1-KO) significantly decreased the total area of the somatosensory cortical map, affecting barrel, and septal areas. Cell specific CB1 deletion in dorsal telencephalic glutamatergic neurons only (Glu-CB1-KO) or in both glutamatergic and forebrain GABAergic neurons (Glu/GABA-CB1-KO) resulted in an increased septa area in the barrel field map. No significant modifications in area parameters could be observed in GABA-CB1-KO mice. These data demonstrate that CB1 signaling especially in cortical glutamatergic neurons is essential for the development of topographic maps in the cerebral cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Hedrich
- Institute of Physiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Eskedar A Angamo
- Institute of Physiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andrea Conrad
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Beat Lutz
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Heiko J Luhmann
- Institute of Physiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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38
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Rodrigues RS, Lourenço DM, Paulo SL, Mateus JM, Ferreira MF, Mouro FM, Moreira JB, Ribeiro FF, Sebastião AM, Xapelli S. Cannabinoid Actions on Neural Stem Cells: Implications for Pathophysiology. Molecules 2019; 24:E1350. [PMID: 30959794 PMCID: PMC6480122 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24071350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
With the increase of life expectancy, neurodegenerative disorders are becoming not only a health but also a social burden worldwide. However, due to the multitude of pathophysiological disease states, current treatments fail to meet the desired outcomes. Therefore, there is a need for new therapeutic strategies focusing on more integrated, personalized and effective approaches. The prospect of using neural stem cells (NSC) as regenerative therapies is very promising, however several issues still need to be addressed. In particular, the potential actions of pharmacological agents used to modulate NSC activity are highly relevant. With the ongoing discussion of cannabinoid usage for medical purposes and reports drawing attention to the effects of cannabinoids on NSC regulation, there is an enormous, and yet, uncovered potential for cannabinoids as treatment options for several neurological disorders, specifically when combined with stem cell therapy. In this manuscript, we review in detail how cannabinoids act as potent regulators of NSC biology and their potential to modulate several neurogenic features in the context of pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui S Rodrigues
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal.
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Diogo M Lourenço
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal.
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Sara L Paulo
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal.
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Joana M Mateus
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal.
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Miguel F Ferreira
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal.
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Francisco M Mouro
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal.
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - João B Moreira
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal.
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Filipa F Ribeiro
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal.
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Ana M Sebastião
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal.
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Sara Xapelli
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal.
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal.
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Hemisphere-dependent endocannabinoid system activity in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of the Flinders Sensitive Line rodent model of depression. Neurochem Int 2019; 125:7-15. [PMID: 30716357 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Altered endocannabinoid (eCB) signalling is suggested as an important contributor to the pathophysiology of depression. To further elucidate this, we conducted a study using a genetic rat model of depression, the Flinders Sensitive Line (FSL), and their controls, the Flinders Resistant Line (FRL) rats. Plasma, right and left prefrontal cortex, and hippocampus were isolated from FSL and FRL rats. We analyzed each region for the eCB anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) levels by liquid chromatography/multiple reaction monitoring (LC/MRM), mRNA and protein levels of the cannabinoid type 1 receptor (CB1R), fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and monoacyl glycerol lipase (MAGL) by real time qPCR and Western blotting. Content of 2-AG was lower in the left side of the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex in FSL rats compared to FRL rats. Inversely, levels of AEA were higher in right hippocampus than in left hippocampus. In plasma, AEA levels were increased and 2-AG decreased. Cannabinoid receptor 1 (Cnr1), Faah and Magl mRNA levels were prominently decreased in right prefrontal cortex of FSL rats as compared to FRL rats. Protein expression of CB1R and FAAH were decreased in left hippocampus. In summary, our data suggest a decreased eCB signalling in the FSL rats, which could contribute to the depressive-like behaviour. Interestingly, the altered eCB system activity appear to be hemisphere-specific in the limbic regions. Our study support the existing literature and showed altered eCB system activity in this particular animal model of depression.
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