1
|
Beres M. Expanding the boundaries of SFC: Analysis of biomolecules. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-88487-7.00011-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
|
2
|
A Dedicated Mass Spectrometer Tuning Method for SFC–MS and Evaluation of Two Different Linear Restrictor Types Used in the Operation of a Split Flow Pre-Back Pressure Regulator SFC–MS Interface. Chromatographia 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-018-3565-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
3
|
Quantitative analysis of underivatized amino acids in the sub- to several-nanomolar range by ion-pair HPLC using a corona-charged aerosol detector (HPLC–CAD). J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1095:191-197. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
4
|
Lemasson E, Bertin S, West C. Use and practice of achiral and chiral supercritical fluid chromatography in pharmaceutical analysis and purification. J Sep Sci 2016; 39:212-33. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201501062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elise Lemasson
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique (ICOA); Univ Orleans, CNRS; Orléans cedex France
| | | | - Caroline West
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique (ICOA); Univ Orleans, CNRS; Orléans cedex France
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Scott AF, Thurbide KB. Comparative Response Characterization of a Universal Acoustic Flame Detector for Chromatography. Chromatographia 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-014-2692-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
6
|
Noga S, Jandera P, Buszewski B. Retention Mechanism Studies of Selected Amino Acids and Vitamin B6 on HILIC Columns with Evaporative Light Scattering Detection. Chromatographia 2013; 76:929-937. [PMID: 23913976 PMCID: PMC3723975 DOI: 10.1007/s10337-013-2502-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2012] [Revised: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The goal of the study was to investigate separation mechanism of selected "essential" amino acids (leucine, isoleucine, threonine, tryptophan, proline, and glycine) and vitamin B6 in hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) with the evaporative light scattering detection. Chromatographic measurements were made on three different HILIC columns: amide-silica (TSK-gel Amide-80), amino-silica (TSK-gel NH2-100), and cross-linked diol (Luna HILIC). The retention behaviour of the analytes was investigated as a function of different binary hydro-organic mobile phases containing 10-90 % (v/v) acetonitrile. The compounds studied were separated under isocratic and gradient conditions. The best results of tested biologically active compounds separation were obtained on the TSK-gel NH2-100 column. TSK-gel NH2 column showed mixed HILIC-ion-exchange mechanism, the highest separation efficiency and better selectivity and resolution for tested analytes than the other studied column, especially at concentration of water in mobile phase lower than 30 % (v/v). Special attention was dedicated to the study of interactions among the stationary phase, mobile phase and the analytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Noga
- Chair of Environmental Chemistry & Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 7 Gagarin St., 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Pavel Jandera
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, 53210 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Bogusław Buszewski
- Chair of Environmental Chemistry & Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 7 Gagarin St., 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Guiochon G, Tarafder A. Fundamental challenges and opportunities for preparative supercritical fluid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:1037-114. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.12.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2010] [Revised: 12/08/2010] [Accepted: 12/13/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
8
|
Mah C, Thurbide KB. gAn improved interface for universal acoustic flame detection in modified supercritical fluid chromatography. J Sep Sci 2008; 31:1314-21. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200700506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
9
|
Xia Z, Thurbide KB. Universal acoustic flame detection for modified supercritial fluid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1105:180-5. [PMID: 16325193 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2005] [Revised: 11/10/2005] [Accepted: 11/11/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A novel detector, based on the frequency of acoustic emissions from an oscillating premixed hydrogen/oxygen flame, has been characterized for use in supercritical-fluid chromatography (SFC). When an organic analyte is introduced, the steady pitch of the acoustic flame detector (AFD) increases proportionally to the carbon content of the molecule. Using standard hydrocarbon analytes, the SFC-AFD system provided a linear response over about 3 orders of magnitude with a detection limit (S/sigma = 3) of 18 ng of carbon per second. The detector sensitivity was uniform for all analytes and did not change when using either pure or methanol modified supercritical-carbon dioxide (SC-CO(2)) as a mobile phase. While a stable baseline could be obtained for a variety of constant conditions, density gradients did cause it to shift due to the changing flow rate encountered when using a passive restrictor. While these changes were small for a pure SC-CO(2) mobile phase, they were larger when using a methanol modifier. Qualitatively, the AFD response compared well to a flame ionization detector (FID). Overall, the results indicate that the AFD may be a useful, inexpensive universal detector for SFC applications that require organic modifiers and are unable to use an FID.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongpeng Xia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr NW, Calgary, Alta., Canada T2N 1N4
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
|
11
|
Thurbide KB, Zhang J. Separation of linear gramicidins using carbon dioxide-containing mobile phases. Anal Bioanal Chem 2005; 382:1227-33. [PMID: 15912395 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-005-3270-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2005] [Revised: 04/13/2005] [Accepted: 04/20/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Packed-column supercritical-fluid chromatography (pSFC) is presented as a novel method for separating and analyzing gramicidin samples. By use of methanol-modified carbon dioxide as a mobile phase the pentadecapeptides gramicidin A (gA), gramicidin B (gB), and gramicidin C (gC) are readily separated and eluted from a PRP-1 poly(styrene-divinylbenzene) column. Although optimum separation conditions are typically achieved near a column temperature of 40 degrees C, a column pressure of 11 MPa, and 30% methanol modifier, pressure and modifier gradients around these values are also found to improve the overall separation time. Measurements indicate that the mobile phase solubility of gramicidin under these conditions is 5.0+/-0.4 microg mL(-1). Collection of individual peaks during chromatography achieved analytical-scale isolation of 2 microg refined gC from 20 microg injected gramicidin D. Further, supercritical-fluid extraction of 200 microg gramicidin D from a Chromosorb 102 support packed into the vessel produced 57 microg gA in 90% purity. The results establish that carbon dioxide-based mobile phases can be successfully used for the separation of individual gramicidin species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin B Thurbide
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, N.W., Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
|
13
|
Thurbide KB, Xia Z. Detector for Liquid Chromatography Based on Acoustic Emissions from an Oscillating Flame. Anal Chem 2004; 76:5459-64. [PMID: 15362907 DOI: 10.1021/ac049777r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The acoustic flame detector (AFD) is examined as a novel detector for liquid chromatography (LC). It is based upon the acoustic emission frequency of an oscillating hydrogen/oxygen premixed flame and produces a universal response toward organic molecules. A stable frequency near 1000 Hz, which further depends on mobile-phase composition, is achieved for flow rates in the microliter per minute range. The mass flow sensitivity of the AFD demonstrates a linear response over 3 orders of magnitude and a detection limit (S/sigma = 3) of approximately 15 ng of C/s for a series of alcohols. For cyclopentanol, this amounts to an injected mass of approximately 77 ng based on a 0.5-microL injection of a 196 ppm solution in methanol (flow rate 20 microL/min methanol; peak width 30 s). Similar sensitivity is observed using a water mobile phase. Low-frequency (1/f ) noise contributions are dominant with or without mobile phase present. The AFD demonstrates a uniform molar sensitivity toward carbon compounds independent of their optical properties or volatility. Results suggest the device might serve as a simple, inexpensive universal LC detector.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin B Thurbide
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, N.W., Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4.
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Petritis K, Elfakir C, Dreux M. A comparative study of commercial liquid chromatographic detectors for the analysis of underivatized amino acids. J Chromatogr A 2002; 961:9-21. [PMID: 12186396 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(02)00377-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study compares the main commercial detectors that can detect amino acids in their underivatized form. The detectors tested are: the chemiluminescent nitrogen detector (CLND), the evaporative light scattering detector (ELSD), the nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer, conductivity detector, refractive index, UV, and electrospray quadrupole mass spectrometry (in simple and tandem MS mode). As ELSD, CLND and MS require a volatile mobile phase, an ion-pair reversed-phase liquid chromatographic system was selected, consisting of an octadecyl column and an aqueous mobile phase containing pentadecafluorooctanoic acid as volatile ion-pairing reagent. Underivatized taurine, hypotaurine, aspartic acid, hydroxyproline, asparagine, serine, glycine, glutamine, cysteine, glutamic acid, threonine and alanine were simultaneously analysed with each detector. In order to test the applicability of these detectors to "real world" samples, the amino acid stoichiometry of the tetrapeptide Gly-Gly-Asp-Ala was determined with each detector after acid hydrolysis. The detectors were compared in terms of linearity, limit of detection, advantages and disadvantages as well as special features (capacity to provide structural information, specificity, quantification with single calibration curve, etc.).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Petritis
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique, CNRS UMR-6005, Université d'Orléans, France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lafosse M, Herbreteau B. Chapter 30 Carbohydrate analysis by LC and SFC using evaporative light scattering detection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0301-4770(02)80055-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
|
16
|
Ibañez E, Señoráns FJ. Tuning of mobile and stationary phase polarity for the separation of polar compounds by SFC. JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL METHODS 2000; 43:25-43. [PMID: 10869665 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-022x(00)00078-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The separation of polar compounds by supercritical-fluid chromatography (SFC) is reviewed. New developments in mobile and stationary phase tuning are reviewed for packed and packed capillary SFC. In terms of mobile phase polarity adjustment, new pure and multiple component fluids are presented. The approach of tuning the polarity of the stationary phase as a way of increasing the range of polar compounds analyzed by SFC using pure CO(2) is discussed using either silica-based or new materials as stationary phase. Chiral, liquid crystal and polymer-based stationary phases coated on particles are widely covered in this review as an interesting approach to separate polar compounds avoiding the major drawbacks associated to the use of modifiers in SFC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Ibañez
- Instituto de Fermentaciones Industriales, C.S.I.C., Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Poole CF. Progress in packed column supercritical fluid chromatography: materials and methods. JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL METHODS 2000; 43:3-23. [PMID: 10869664 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-022x(00)00057-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
This article summarizes recent developments in packed column supercritical fluid chromatography. Silica-based chemically bonded sorbents, similar to those used for HPLC, are widely used with solvent-modified fluids containing additives to suppress undesirable solute-sorbent interactions that lead to poor peak shapes. Composition programming is the most useful approach to gradient elution separations since solvent-modified fluids have low compressibility. Packed column SFC is most useful for the separation of mixtures usually separated by normal-phase HPLC. Compared to normal-phase HPLC it offers faster separations, higher efficiencies, faster column re-equilibration, and a wider range of experimental variables for optimization. Packed column SFC is being increasingly selected for the analytical and preparative separation of racemic mixtures using enantiomer-selective sorbents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C F Poole
- Wayne State University, Department of Chemistry, Rm. 171 Chemistry, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Blackwell JA, Stringham RW. Effect of Mobile Phase Components on the Separation of Polypeptides Using Carbon Dioxide-Based Mobile Phases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1521-4168(19990201)22:2<74::aid-jhrc74>3.0.co;2-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
19
|
Affiliation(s)
- T. L. Chester
- Miami Valley Laboratories, The Procter & Gamble Company, P.O. Box 538707, Cincinnati, Ohio 45253-8707
| | - J. D. Pinkston
- Miami Valley Laboratories, The Procter & Gamble Company, P.O. Box 538707, Cincinnati, Ohio 45253-8707
| | - D. E. Raynie
- Miami Valley Laboratories, The Procter & Gamble Company, P.O. Box 538707, Cincinnati, Ohio 45253-8707
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Chester T, Pinkston J. Pressure-regulating fluid interface and phase behavior considerations in the coupling of packed-column supercritical fluid chromatography with low-pressure detectors. J Chromatogr A 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(98)00082-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
21
|
|
22
|
Wallenborg SR, Markides KE, Nyholm L. Oxidative and reductive amperometric detection of phenolic and nitroaromatic compounds in packed capillary column supercritical fluid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(97)00568-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
23
|
|
24
|
Kohler M, Haerdi W, Christen P, Veuthey JL. The evaporative light scattering detector: some applications in pharmaceutical analysis. Trends Analyt Chem 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0165-9936(97)00072-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
|
25
|
Bicchi C, Balbo C, Rubiolo P. Packed column supercritical fluid chromatography of sesquiterpene lactones with different carbon skeletons. J Chromatogr A 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(97)00406-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
26
|
Köhler M, Haerdi W, Christen P, Veuthey JL. Determination of artemisinin and artemisinic acid by capillary and packed supercritical fluid chromatography. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1002/jhrc.1240200203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
27
|
Wallenborg SR, Markides KE, Nyholm L. Development of an Amperometric Detector for Packed Capillary Column Supercritical Fluid Chromatography. Anal Chem 1997; 69:439-45. [DOI: 10.1021/ac960669h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne R. Wallenborg
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 531, S-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Karin E. Markides
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 531, S-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Leif Nyholm
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 531, S-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|