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Stavropoulou LS, Efthimiou I, Giova L, Manoli C, Sinou PS, Zografidis A, Lamari FN, Vlastos D, Dailianis S, Antonopoulou M. Phytochemical Profile and Evaluation of the Antioxidant, Cyto-Genotoxic, and Antigenotoxic Potential of Salvia verticillata Hydromethanolic Extract. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:731. [PMID: 38475577 DOI: 10.3390/plants13050731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
This study comprises the phytochemical characterization, the evaluation of the total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity (AA), and the investigation of the cyto-genotoxic and antigenotoxic potential of hydromethanolic extract derived from Salvia verticillata L. leaves. HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS and HPLC-DAD were used for the characterization of the extract and determination of the major ingredients. Afterwards, the TPC and AA were determined. The cytotoxic and genotoxic effect of the extract on cultured human lymphocytes at concentrations of 10, 25, and 50 μg mL-1 was investigated via the Cytokinesis Block MicroNucleus (CBMN) assay. Moreover, its antigenotoxic potential against the mutagenic agent mitomycin C (MMC) was assessed using the same assay. The hydromethanolic extract comprises numerous metabolites, with rosmarinic acid being the major compound. It had a high value of TPC and exerted significant AA as shown by the results of the Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) and Radical Scavenging Activity by DPPH• assays. A dose-dependent cytotoxic potential was recorded, with the highest dose (50 μg mL-1) exhibiting statistically significant cytotoxicity. None of the tested concentrations induced significant micronuclei (MN) frequencies, indicating a lack of genotoxicity. All tested concentrations reduced the MMC-mediated genotoxic effects, with the two lowest showing statistically significant antigenotoxic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamprini S Stavropoulou
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy & Chemistry of Natural Products, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, GR-26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Ioanna Efthimiou
- Department of Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of Patras, GR-26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Lambrini Giova
- Department of Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of Patras, GR-26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Chrysoula Manoli
- Department of Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of Patras, GR-26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Paraskevi S Sinou
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy & Chemistry of Natural Products, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, GR-26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Aris Zografidis
- Laboratory of Botany, Department of Biology, University of Patras, GR-26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Fotini N Lamari
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy & Chemistry of Natural Products, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, GR-26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Dimitris Vlastos
- Department of Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of Patras, GR-26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Stefanos Dailianis
- Department of Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of Patras, GR-26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Maria Antonopoulou
- Department of Sustainable Agriculture, University of Patras, GR-30131 Agrinio, Greece
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Ko HJ, Sim SA, Park MH, Ryu HS, Choi WY, Park SM, Lee JN, Hyun CG. Anti-Photoaging Effects of Upcycled Citrus junos Seed Anionic Peptides on Ultraviolet-Radiation-Induced Skin Aging in a Reconstructed Skin Model. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1711. [PMID: 38338991 PMCID: PMC10855038 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Side streams and byproducts of food are established sources of natural ingredients in cosmetics. In the present study, we obtained upcycled low-molecular-weight anionic peptides (LMAPs) using byproducts of the post-yuzu-juicing process by employing an enzyme derived from Bacillus sp. For the first time, we isolated anionic peptides less than 500 Da in molecular weight from Citrus junos TANAKA seeds via hydrolysis using this enzyme. The protective effect of LMAPs against UVR-induced photoaging was evaluated using a reconstructed skin tissue (RST) model and keratinocytes. The LMAPs protected the keratinocytes by scavenging intracellular reactive oxygen species and by reducing the levels of paracrine cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α) in UVR (UVA 2 J/cm2 and UVB 15 mJ/cm2)-irradiated keratinocytes. Additionally, the increase in melanin synthesis and TRP-2 expression in RST caused by UVR was significantly inhibited by LMAP treatment. This treatment strongly induced the expression of filaggrin and laminin-5 in UVR-irradiated RST. It also increased type I collagen expression in the dermal region and in fibroblasts in vitro. These results suggest that a hydrolytic system using the enzyme derived from Bacillus sp. can be used for the commercial production of LMAPs from food byproducts and that these LMAPs can be effective ingredients for improving photoaging-induced skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Ju Ko
- Bio Convergence R&D Center, CoSeedBioPharm Corporation, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju 28161, Republic of Korea; (H.-J.K.); (M.-H.P.); (H.-S.R.); (W.-Y.C.); (S.-M.P.)
| | - Su-An Sim
- Bio Convergence R&D Center, CoSeedBioPharm Corporation, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju 28161, Republic of Korea; (H.-J.K.); (M.-H.P.); (H.-S.R.); (W.-Y.C.); (S.-M.P.)
| | - Mi-Hee Park
- Bio Convergence R&D Center, CoSeedBioPharm Corporation, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju 28161, Republic of Korea; (H.-J.K.); (M.-H.P.); (H.-S.R.); (W.-Y.C.); (S.-M.P.)
| | - Hwa-Sun Ryu
- Bio Convergence R&D Center, CoSeedBioPharm Corporation, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju 28161, Republic of Korea; (H.-J.K.); (M.-H.P.); (H.-S.R.); (W.-Y.C.); (S.-M.P.)
| | - Won-Yeong Choi
- Bio Convergence R&D Center, CoSeedBioPharm Corporation, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju 28161, Republic of Korea; (H.-J.K.); (M.-H.P.); (H.-S.R.); (W.-Y.C.); (S.-M.P.)
| | - Sung-Min Park
- Bio Convergence R&D Center, CoSeedBioPharm Corporation, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju 28161, Republic of Korea; (H.-J.K.); (M.-H.P.); (H.-S.R.); (W.-Y.C.); (S.-M.P.)
| | - Jung-No Lee
- Bio Convergence R&D Center, CoSeedBioPharm Corporation, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju 28161, Republic of Korea; (H.-J.K.); (M.-H.P.); (H.-S.R.); (W.-Y.C.); (S.-M.P.)
| | - Chang-Gu Hyun
- Department of Beauty and Cosmetology, Jeju Inside Agency and Cosmetic Science Center, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
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Esen M, Guven Y, Seyhan MF, Ersev H, Tuna-Ince EB. Evaluation of the genotoxicity, cytotoxicity, and bioactivity of calcium silicate-based cements. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:119. [PMID: 38245737 PMCID: PMC10799466 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-03891-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As calcium silicate-based cements (CSCs) have found success in various vital pulp therapy applications, several new CSC products have emerged. This study aimed to assess the genotoxicity, cytotoxicity, and bioactivity of four CSCs by comparing the newly introduced materials Bio MTA+ and MTA Cem with previously studied materials, Biodentine and NeoMTA. METHODS Genotoxicity was evaluated using the micronucleus (MN) assay in human peripheral blood lymphocyte cells, measuring MN frequency and nuclear division index (NDI). Cytotoxicity was assessed in human dental pulp stem cells through the Water-Soluble Tetrazolium Salt-1 (WST-1) colorimetric assay. Bioactivity was determined by ELISA, measuring the levels of angiogenic and odontogenic markers (BMP-2, FGF-2, VEGF, and ALP). Statistical analyses included ANOVA, Dunnet and Sidak tests, and Wald chi-square test. (p < .05). RESULTS The MN frequency in the groups was significantly lower than that in the positive control group (tetraconazole) (p < .05). NDI values decreased with increasing concentration (p < .05). Bio MTA+ and NeoMTA showed decreased cell viability at all concentrations in 7-day cultures (p < .01). All materials increased BMP-2, FGF-2, and VEGF levels, with Biodentine and NeoMTA showing the highest levels of BMP-2 and FGF-2 on day 7. Biodentine displayed the highest VEGF levels on day 7. Biodentine and NeoMTA groups exhibited significantly higher ALP activity than the Bio MTA+ and MTA Cem groups by day 7. CONCLUSION Bio MTA+ and MTA Cem demonstrated no genotoxic or cytotoxic effects. Moreover, this study revealed bioactive potentials of Bio MTA+ and MTA Cem by enhancing the expression of angiogenic and osteogenic growth factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Esen
- Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yeliz Guven
- Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Mehmet Fatih Seyhan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Art and Sciences, Istanbul Yeni Yuzyil University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Handan Ersev
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Elif Bahar Tuna-Ince
- Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Assessment of Inflammation in 3D Reconstructed Human Skin Exposed to Combined Exposure to Ultraviolet and Wi-Fi Radiation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032853. [PMID: 36769173 PMCID: PMC9917807 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In the human environment, the increasing exposure to radiofrequency (RF) radiation, especially that emitted by wireless devices, could be absorbed in the body. Recently, mobile and emerging wireless technologies (UMTS, DECT, LTE, and Wi-Fi) have been using higher frequencies than 2G GSM systems (900/1800 MHz), which means that most of the circulating RF currents are absorbed into the skin and the superficial soft tissue. The harmful genotoxic, cytotoxic, and mutagenic effects of solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation on the skin are well-known. This study aimed at investigating whether 2422 MHz (Wi-Fi) RF exposure combined with UV radiation in different sequences has any effect on the inflammation process in the skin. In vitro experiments examined the inflammation process by cytokines (IL-1α, IL-6, IL-8) and MMP-1 enzyme secretion in a 3D full-thickness human skin model. In the first study, UV exposure was immediately followed by RF exposure to measure the potential additive effects, while in the second study, the possible protective phenomenon (i.e., adaptive response) was investigated when adaptive RF exposure was challenged by UV radiation. Our results suggest that 2422 MHz Wi-Fi exposure slightly, not significantly increased cytokine concentrations of the prior UV exposure. We could not detect the adaptive response phenomenon.
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Dormousoglou M, Efthimiou I, Antonopoulou M, Fetzer DL, Hamerski F, Corazza ML, Papadaki M, Santzouk S, Dailianis S, Vlastos D. Investigation of the Genotoxic, Antigenotoxic and Antioxidant Profile of Different Extracts from Equisetum arvense L. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071393. [PMID: 35883882 PMCID: PMC9312020 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the cyto-genotoxic and antigenotoxic effects of four different extracts of Equisetum arvense L. (common name: field horsetail) on human lymphocytes. Specifically, Soxhlet’s prepared extracts from E. arvense L., using different solvents (S1: methanol (MeOH)-, S2: ethanol (EtOH)-, S3: water-, and S4: ethanol/water (EtOH-W)-) were analyzed for (a) their total phenolic and flavonoid content (TPC and TFC, respectively), (b) their antioxidant activity (AA), via the DPPH, FRAP and ABTS assays, and (c) their cyto-genotoxic and/or protective efficiency against the mutagenic agent mitomycin C, via the Cytokinesis Block MicroNucleus assay. All extracts showed increased TPC, TFC, and AA values in almost all cases. S1, S3 and S4 demonstrated no cytotoxic potential, whereas S2 was cytotoxic only at the highest concentrations. Genotoxicity was not observed in the tested extracts. The highest antigenotoxic activity was observed for EtOH-W (S4) extract, which was found to be rich in flavonoids, flavonoid-O-glycosides, phytosterols, phenolic and fatty acids as well as in minerals and mainly in K, Ca, Mg, Si and P, as assessed by using various mass spectrometry techniques. Those findings confirm that E. arvense L. extracts could be valuable candidates for medicinal applications and pharmaceutical products, thus alleviating the effects of more conventional drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Dormousoglou
- Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Patras, Seferi 2, GR-30100 Agrinio, Greece; (M.D.); (I.E.); (M.A.); (M.P.)
| | - Ioanna Efthimiou
- Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Patras, Seferi 2, GR-30100 Agrinio, Greece; (M.D.); (I.E.); (M.A.); (M.P.)
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Anavyssos, GR-19013 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Antonopoulou
- Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Patras, Seferi 2, GR-30100 Agrinio, Greece; (M.D.); (I.E.); (M.A.); (M.P.)
| | - Damian L. Fetzer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba 81531-990, Brazil; (D.L.F.); (F.H.); (M.L.C.)
| | - Fabiane Hamerski
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba 81531-990, Brazil; (D.L.F.); (F.H.); (M.L.C.)
| | - Marcos L. Corazza
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba 81531-990, Brazil; (D.L.F.); (F.H.); (M.L.C.)
| | - Maria Papadaki
- Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Patras, Seferi 2, GR-30100 Agrinio, Greece; (M.D.); (I.E.); (M.A.); (M.P.)
| | - Samir Santzouk
- Santzouk Samir and Co. General Partnership, PANAX, Chrissostomou Smirnis 14, GR-30100 Agios Konstantinos, Greece;
| | | | - Dimitris Vlastos
- Department of Biology, University of Patras, GR-26500 Patras, Greece;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-2610969239
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Assessment of the genotoxic potential of three novel composite nanomaterials using human lymphocytes and the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster as model systems. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL ADVANCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceja.2021.100230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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Suitability of the In Vitro Cytokinesis-Block Micronucleus Test for Genotoxicity Assessment of TiO 2 Nanoparticles on SH-SY5Y Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168558. [PMID: 34445265 PMCID: PMC8395234 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Standard toxicity tests might not be fully adequate for evaluating nanomaterials since their unique features are also responsible for unexpected interactions. The in vitro cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) test is recommended for genotoxicity testing, but cytochalasin-B (Cyt-B) may interfere with nanoparticles (NP), leading to inaccurate results. Our objective was to determine whether Cyt-B could interfere with MN induction by TiO2 NP in human SH-SY5Y cells, as assessed by CBMN test. Cells were treated for 6 or 24 h, according to three treatment options: co-treatment with Cyt-B, post-treatment, and delayed co-treatment. Influence of Cyt-B on TiO2 NP cellular uptake and MN induction as evaluated by flow cytometry (FCMN) were also assessed. TiO2 NP were significantly internalized by cells, both in the absence and presence of Cyt-B, indicating that this chemical does not interfere with NP uptake. Dose-dependent increases in MN rates were observed in CBMN test after co-treatment. However, FCMN assay only showed a positive response when Cyt-B was added simultaneously with TiO2 NP, suggesting that Cyt-B might alter CBMN assay results. No differences were observed in the comparisons between the treatment options assessed, suggesting they are not adequate alternatives to avoid Cyt-B interference in the specific conditions tested.
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Toxicology of flavoring- and cannabis-containing e-liquids used in electronic delivery systems. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 224:107838. [PMID: 33746051 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) were introduced in the United States in 2007 and by 2014 they were the most popular tobacco product amongst youth and had overtaken use of regular tobacco cigarettes. E-cigarettes are used to aerosolize a liquid (e-liquid) that the user inhales. Flavorings in e-liquids is a primary reason for youth to initiate use of e-cigarettes. Evidence is growing in the scientific literature that inhalation of some flavorings is not without risk of harm. In this review, 67 original articles (primarily cellular in vitro) on the toxicity of flavored e-liquids were identified in the PubMed and Scopus databases and evaluated critically. At least 65 individual flavoring ingredients in e-liquids or aerosols from e-cigarettes induced toxicity in the respiratory tract, cardiovascular and circulatory systems, skeletal system, and skin. Cinnamaldehyde was most frequently reported to be cytotoxic, followed by vanillin, menthol, ethyl maltol, ethyl vanillin, benzaldehyde and linalool. Additionally, modern e-cigarettes can be modified to aerosolize cannabis as dried plant material or a concentrated extract. The U.S. experienced an outbreak of lung injuries, termed e-cigarette, or vaping, product use-associated lung injury (EVALI) that began in 2019; among 2,022 hospitalized patients who had data on substance use (as of January 14, 2020), 82% reported using a delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (main psychoactive component in cannabis) containing e-cigarette, or vaping, product. Our literature search identified 33 articles related to EVALI. Vitamin E acetate, a diluent and thickening agent in cannabis-based products, was strongly linked to the EVALI outbreak in epidemiologic and laboratory studies; however, e-liquid chemistry is highly complex, and more than one mechanism of lung injury, ingredient, or thermal breakdown product may be responsible for toxicity. More research is needed, particularly with regard to e-cigarettes (generation, power settings, etc.), e-liquids (composition, bulk or vaped form), modeled systems (cell type, culture type, and dosimetry metrics), biological monitoring, secondhand exposures and contact with residues that contain nicotine and flavorings, and causative agents and mechanisms of EVALI toxicity.
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Afshar P, Roozbeh Nasiraie L, Shokrzadeh M, Ghorbani HasanSaraei A, Naghizadeh Raeisi S. Bio-protective effects of Lactobacillus plantarum subsp. plantarum against aflatoxin b1 genotoxicity on human blood lymphocytes: a native probiotic strain isolated from Iranian camel milk. Curr Med Mycol 2021; 6:54-61. [PMID: 34195461 PMCID: PMC8226050 DOI: 10.18502/cmm.6.4.5438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Aflatoxin B1 is one of the main poisonous substances in certain kinds of fungi all over the world. The toxin is a serious health threat to humans and livestock, particularly via DNA damage, and induces multiple cancers. Probiotic agents have confirmed positive beneficial effects in DNA protection against various toxic compounds. In this regard, the present study aimed to investigate the bio-protective effects of a native Lactobacillus plantarum subsp. plantarumNIMBB003 strain isolated from Iranian one-humped camel milk against AflatoxinB1 (AFB1)-induced genotoxicity damage, based on the micronucleus test as a genotoxicity monitoring method. Materials and Methods In this study, a human male blood sample was treated and incubated with107, 109, and 1011CFU/mL of viable L. plantarum and IC50 dose ofAFB1alone and in combination. Afterward, assessed the rate of production of the micronucleus in bi-nucleated lymphocytes. It must be noted that a p-value of less than0.05 was considered significantly significant. Results Based on the findings, the combined treatment of the L. plantarum at 1011 and109CFU/mL dose with 5.33±0.57% of the micronuclei fragments had protective effects and significantly decreased the genotoxicity of AFB1 by 76%. Conclusion According to the findings, it can be concluded that L. plantarum in 109 CFU/mL had high protective potency against AFB1 genotoxicity. Consequently, the use of local, natural, and native protected compounds with antioxidant effects, such as probiotics agents, is one of the objectives of developing a green strategy in macro-management policies for the discovery and production of new medicines and functional foods with protective/therapeutic effects against nutritional and endogenous DNA toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvaneh Afshar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Islamic Azad University, Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Amol, Iran.,Research and Development Unit of Referral Laboratory, Deputy of Health Management, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Leila Roozbeh Nasiraie
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Islamic Azad University, Nour Branch, Nour, Iran.,Department of Research and Development, Shams Bavaran Salamat Nour Company, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Shokrzadeh
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | | | - Shahram Naghizadeh Raeisi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Islamic Azad University, Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Amol, Iran
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Ware RE, Dertinger SD. Absence of hydroxyurea-induced mutational effects supports higher utilisation for the treatment of sickle cell anaemia. Br J Haematol 2021; 194:252-266. [PMID: 33570176 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.17323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxyurea (hydroxycarbamide) is approved for treating both children and adults with sickle cell anaemia (SCA). Fetal haemoglobin (HbF) induction is the primary treatment response, along with improved anaemia, reduced haemolysis, myelosuppression and decreased endothelial inflammation. Hydroxyurea has proven clinical efficacy for SCA - treatment significantly reduces disease manifestations and prolongs survival. Despite these recognised benefits, long-standing concerns regarding the risks of mutagenic and potentially carcinogenic drug exposure have hampered efforts for broad hydroxyurea use in SCA, although these are based largely on outdated experimental models and treatment experiences with myeloproliferative neoplasms. Consequently, many patients with SCA are not receiving this highly effective disease-modifying therapy. In this review, we describe the concept of genotoxicity and its laboratory measurements, summarise hydroxyurea-associated data from both preclinical and clinical studies, and discuss carcinogenic potential. The genotoxicity results clearly demonstrate that hydroxyurea does not directly bind DNA and is not mutagenic. Rather, its genotoxic effects are limited to indirect clastogenicity occurring in select cell types, and only when high dose and time thresholds are exceeded. This absence of mutagenic activity is consistent with the observed lack of any compelling carcinogenic potential. Since hydroxyurea therapy for SCA carries minimal carcinogenic risks, the current drug labelling should be modified accordingly, and prescribing practices should be broadened to allow better access and increased utilisation of this highly effective drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell E Ware
- Division of Hematology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Global Health Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Allemang A, Thacker R, DeMarco RA, Rodrigues MA, Pfuhler S. The 3D reconstructed skin micronucleus assay using imaging flow cytometry and deep learning: A proof-of-principle investigation. Mutat Res 2021; 865:503314. [PMID: 33865536 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2021.503314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The reconstructed skin micronucleus (RSMN) assay was developed in 2006, as an in vitro alternative for genotoxicity evaluation of dermally applied chemicals or products. In the years since, significant progress has been made in the optimization of the assay, including publication of a standard protocol and extensive validation. However, the diverse morphology of skin cells makes cell preparation and scoring of micronuclei (MN) tedious and subjective, thus requiring a high level of technical expertise for evaluation. This ultimately has a negative impact on throughput and the assay would benefit by the development of an automated method which could reduce scoring subjectivity while also improving the robustness of the assay by increasing the number of cells that can be scored. Imaging flow cytometry (IFC) with the ImageStream®X Mk II can capture high-resolution transmission and fluorescent imagery of cells in suspension. This proof-of-principle study describes protocol modifications that enable such automated measurement in 3D skin cells following exposure to mitomycin C and colchicine. IFC was then used for automated image capture and the Amnis® Artificial Intelligence (AAI) software permitted identification of binucleated (BN) cells with 91% precision. On average, three times as many BN cells from control samples were evaluated using IFC compared to the standard manual analysis. When IFC MNBN cells were visually scored from within the BN cell images, their frequency compared well with manual slide scoring, showing that IFC technology can be applied to the RSMN assay. This method enables faster time to result than microscope-based scoring and the initial studies presented here demonstrate its capability for the detection of statistically significant increases in MNBN frequencies. This work therefore demonstrates the feasibility of combining IFC and AAI to automate scoring for the RSMN assay and to improve its throughput and statistical robustness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert Thacker
- Amnis Flow Cytometry, Luminex Corporation, Austin, TX, USA
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Cytokinesis-Block Micronucleus Cytome Assay Evolution into a More Comprehensive Method to Measure Chromosomal Instability. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11101203. [PMID: 33076531 PMCID: PMC7602810 DOI: 10.3390/genes11101203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This review describes the cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) cytome assay and its evolution into a molecular cytogenetic method of chromosomal instability (CIN). Micronuclei (MNi) originate from whole chromosomes or chromosome fragments that fail to segregate to the poles of the cell during mitosis. These lagging chromosomes are excluded from the daughter nuclei and are enveloped in their own membrane to form MNi. The CBMN assay was developed to allow MNi to be scored exclusively in once-divided binucleated cells, which enables accurate measurement of chromosome breakage or loss without confounding by non-dividing cells that cannot express MNi. The CBMN assay can be applied to cell lines in vitro and cells such as lymphocytes that can be stimulated to divide ex vivo. In the CBMN assay, other CIN biomarkers such as nucleoplasmic bridges (NPBs) and nuclear buds (NBUDs) are also measured. Use of centromere, telomere, and chromosome painting probes provides further insights into the mechanisms through which MNi, NPBs and NBUDs originate. Measurement of MNi is also important because entrapment within a micronucleus may cause chromosomes to shatter and, after nuclear reintegration, become rearranged. Additionally, leakage of DNA from MNi can stimulate inflammation via the cyclic GMP-AMP Synthase—Stimulator of Interferon Genes (cGAS-STING) DNA sensing mechanism of the innate immune system.
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Kohl Y, Rundén-Pran E, Mariussen E, Hesler M, El Yamani N, Longhin EM, Dusinska M. Genotoxicity of Nanomaterials: Advanced In Vitro Models and High Throughput Methods for Human Hazard Assessment-A Review. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E1911. [PMID: 32992722 PMCID: PMC7601632 DOI: 10.3390/nano10101911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Changes in the genetic material can lead to serious human health defects, as mutations in somatic cells may cause cancer and can contribute to other chronic diseases. Genotoxic events can appear at both the DNA, chromosomal or (during mitosis) whole genome level. The study of mechanisms leading to genotoxicity is crucially important, as well as the detection of potentially genotoxic compounds. We consider the current state of the art and describe here the main endpoints applied in standard human in vitro models as well as new advanced 3D models that are closer to the in vivo situation. We performed a literature review of in vitro studies published from 2000-2020 (August) dedicated to the genotoxicity of nanomaterials (NMs) in new models. Methods suitable for detection of genotoxicity of NMs will be presented with a focus on advances in miniaturization, organ-on-a-chip and high throughput methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Kohl
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, 66280 Sulzbach, Germany;
| | - Elise Rundén-Pran
- Health Effects Laboratory, NILU-Norwegian Institute for Air Research, 2007 Kjeller, Norway; (E.R.-P.); (E.M.); (N.E.Y.); (E.M.L.); (M.D.)
| | - Espen Mariussen
- Health Effects Laboratory, NILU-Norwegian Institute for Air Research, 2007 Kjeller, Norway; (E.R.-P.); (E.M.); (N.E.Y.); (E.M.L.); (M.D.)
| | - Michelle Hesler
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, 66280 Sulzbach, Germany;
| | - Naouale El Yamani
- Health Effects Laboratory, NILU-Norwegian Institute for Air Research, 2007 Kjeller, Norway; (E.R.-P.); (E.M.); (N.E.Y.); (E.M.L.); (M.D.)
| | - Eleonora Marta Longhin
- Health Effects Laboratory, NILU-Norwegian Institute for Air Research, 2007 Kjeller, Norway; (E.R.-P.); (E.M.); (N.E.Y.); (E.M.L.); (M.D.)
| | - Maria Dusinska
- Health Effects Laboratory, NILU-Norwegian Institute for Air Research, 2007 Kjeller, Norway; (E.R.-P.); (E.M.); (N.E.Y.); (E.M.L.); (M.D.)
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Hölzel BN, Pfannkuche K, Allner B, Allner HT, Hescheler J, Derichsweiler D, Hollert H, Schiwy A, Brendt J, Schaffeld M, Froschauer A, Stahlschmidt-Allner P. Following the adverse outcome pathway from micronucleus to cancer using H2B-eGFP transgenic healthy stem cells. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:3265-3280. [PMID: 32700163 PMCID: PMC7415759 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02821-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In vitro assessment of genotoxicity as an early warning tool for carcinogenicity mainly relies on recording cytogenetic damages (micronuclei, nucleoplasmic bridges) in tumour-derived mammalian cell lines like V79 or CHO. The forecasting power of the corresponding standardised test is based on epidemiological evidence between micronuclei frequencies and cancer incidence. As an alternative to destructive staining of nuclear structures a fish stem cell line transgenic for a fusion protein of histone 2B (H2B) and enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) was established. The cells are derived from koi carp brain (KCB) and distinguish from mammalian culturable cells by non-tumour-driven self-renewal. This technology enables the analysis of genotoxic- and malign downstream effects in situ in a combined approach. In proof-of concept-experiments, we used known carcinogens (4-Nitroquinoline 1-oxide, colchicine, diethylstilbestrol, ethyl methanesulfonate) and observed a significant increase in micronuclei (MNi) frequencies in a dose-dependent manner. The concentration ranges for MNi induction were comparable to human/mammalian cells (i.e. VH-16, CHL and HepG2). Cannabidiol caused the same specific cytogenetic damage pattern as observed in human cells, in particular nucleoplasmic bridges. Metabolic activation of aflatoxin B1 and cyclophosphamide could be demonstrated by pre-incubation of the test compounds using either conventional rat derived S9 mix as well as an in vitro generated biotechnological alternative product ewoS9R. The presented high throughput live H2B-eGFP imaging technology using non-transformed stem cells opens new perspectives in the field of in vitro toxicology. The technology offers experimental access to investigate the effects of carcinogens on cell cycle control, gene expression pattern and motility in the course of malign transformation. The new technology enables the definition of Adverse Outcome Pathways leading to malign cell transformation and contributes to the replacement of animal testing. Summary: Complementation of genotoxicity testing by addressing initiating events leading to malign transformation is suggested. A vertebrate cell model showing "healthy" stemness is recommended, in contrast to malign transformed cells used in toxicology/oncocology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastian Niklas Hölzel
- GOBIO GmbH, Institute for Ecology of Waters and Applied Biology, Scheidertalstraße 69a, 65326 Aarbergen, Hesse Germany
- Institute for Molecular Physiology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Johann-Joachim Becher-Weg 7, 55122 Mainz, Rhineland Palatinate Germany
| | - Kurt Pfannkuche
- Medical Faculty, Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Cologne, Robert Koch Str. 39, 50923 Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia Germany
| | - Bernhard Allner
- GOBIO GmbH, Institute for Ecology of Waters and Applied Biology, Scheidertalstraße 69a, 65326 Aarbergen, Hesse Germany
| | - Hans Thomas Allner
- GOBIO GmbH, Institute for Ecology of Waters and Applied Biology, Scheidertalstraße 69a, 65326 Aarbergen, Hesse Germany
| | - Jürgen Hescheler
- Medical Faculty, Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Cologne, Robert Koch Str. 39, 50923 Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia Germany
| | - Daniel Derichsweiler
- Medical Faculty, Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Cologne, Robert Koch Str. 39, 50923 Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia Germany
| | - Henner Hollert
- Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Goethe University Frankfurt Biologicum, Max-von-Laue-Straße 13, 60323 Frankfurt am Main, Hesse Germany
- EWOMIS GmbH, Schießstraße 26c, 63486 Bruchköbel, Hesse Germany
| | - Andreas Schiwy
- Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Goethe University Frankfurt Biologicum, Max-von-Laue-Straße 13, 60323 Frankfurt am Main, Hesse Germany
- EWOMIS GmbH, Schießstraße 26c, 63486 Bruchköbel, Hesse Germany
| | - Julia Brendt
- Institute for Environmental Research (Bio V), RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52062 Aachen, North Rhine-Westphalia Germany
| | - Michael Schaffeld
- Institute for Molecular Physiology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Johann-Joachim Becher-Weg 7, 55122 Mainz, Rhineland Palatinate Germany
| | - Alexander Froschauer
- Faculty of Biology, Applied Biology, Technische Universität Dresden, Zellescher Weg 20b, 01069 Dresden, Saxony Germany
| | - Petra Stahlschmidt-Allner
- GOBIO GmbH, Institute for Ecology of Waters and Applied Biology, Scheidertalstraße 69a, 65326 Aarbergen, Hesse Germany
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15
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Abstract
Environmental exposures have long been known to impact public health and safety. For example, exposures to airborne particulates, heavy metals in water, or certain industrial chemicals can contribute to aging and to risk of developing cancer and other diseases. Environmental factors can impact health in a variety of ways, but a key concern is DNA damage, which can lead to mutations that cause cancer. Cancer can take years to develop following chemical exposure; however, one way to predict carcinogenicity in a more practical time frame is by studying the chemical's ability to induce DNA damage. The comet assay (or single-cell gel electrophoresis assay) has been used successfully for genotoxicity testing. The comet assay allows for the detection of DNA strand breaks via analysis of DNA migration during electrophoresis. Previously, the Engelward laboratory, in collaboration with the Bhatia laboratory, developed the CometChip for measurements of DNA damage and repair. The CometChip is a high-throughput comet assay that improves user reproducibility and significantly shortens total assay time. Here, we describe how the high-throughput CometChip platform can be used to measure DNA damage in established cell lines, animal models, and human samples. We also discuss technical challenges associated with these studies and provide recommendations on how to achieve optimal results for researchers interested in adopting this assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christy Chao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Bevin P. Engelward
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
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16
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Efthimiou I, Georgiou Y, Vlastos D, Dailianis S, Deligiannakis Y. Assessing the cyto-genotoxic potential of model zinc oxide nanoparticles in the presence of humic-acid-like-polycondensate (HALP) and the leonardite HA (LHA). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 721:137625. [PMID: 32169638 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigates the potential cyto-genotoxic effects of model zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) on human lymphocytes, with and/or without humic acids (HAs). Two types of HAs were studied, a natural well-characterized leonardite HA (LHA) and its synthetic-model, a humic-acid-like-polycondensate (HALP). The Cytokinesis Block Micronucleus (CBMN) assay was applied in cell cultures treated with different concentrations of ZnO NPs (0.5, 5, 10, 20 μg mL-1) and under different concentrations of either HALP or LHA (ZnO NPs-HALP and ZnO NPs-LHA, at concentrations of 0.5-0.8, 5-8, 10-16, 20-32 and 0.5-2, 5-20, 10-40, 20-80 μg mL-1, respectively). According to the results, ZnO NPs lacked genotoxicity but demonstrated cytotoxic potential. Binary mixtures of ZnO NPs-HAs (ZnO NPs-HALP or ZnO NPs-LHA) showed negligible alterations of micronuclei (MN) formation in challenged cells, with cytotoxic effects revealed only in case of cells treated with ZnO NPs-LHA at the concentration 5-20 μg mL-1. Furthermore, no genotoxic phenomena were exerted neither by the ZnO NPs nor from their mixtures with HAs. These findings indicate [i] the cytotoxic activity of used ZnO NPs on human lymphocytes, and [ii] reveal the protective role of HAs against ZnO NPs mediated cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Efthimiou
- Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Patras, GR-30100 Agrinio, Greece
| | - Yiannis Georgiou
- Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Dimitris Vlastos
- Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Patras, GR-30100 Agrinio, Greece.
| | - Stefanos Dailianis
- Section of Animal Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Patras, GR-26500, Rio, Patra, Greece
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17
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Liu YA, Jin Q, Zou Y, Ding Q, Yan S, Wang Z, Hao X, Nguyen B, Zhang X, Pan J, Mo T, Jacobsen K, Lam T, Wu TYH, Petrassi HM, Bursulaya B, DiDonato M, Gordon WP, Liu B, Baaten J, Hill R, Nguyen-Tran V, Qiu M, Zhang YQ, Kamireddy A, Espinola S, Deaton L, Ha S, Harb G, Jia Y, Li J, Shen W, Schumacher AM, Colman K, Glynne R, Pan S, McNamara P, Laffitte B, Meeusen S, Molteni V, Loren J. Selective DYRK1A Inhibitor for the Treatment of Type 1 Diabetes: Discovery of 6-Azaindole Derivative GNF2133. J Med Chem 2020; 63:2958-2973. [PMID: 32077280 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune deficiency and destruction in either β-cell mass or function can cause insufficient insulin levels and, as a result, hyperglycemia and diabetes. Thus, promoting β-cell proliferation could be one approach toward diabetes intervention. In this report we describe the discovery of a potent and selective DYRK1A inhibitor GNF2133, which was identified through optimization of a 6-azaindole screening hit. In vitro, GNF2133 is able to proliferate both rodent and human β-cells. In vivo, GNF2133 demonstrated significant dose-dependent glucose disposal capacity and insulin secretion in response to glucose-potentiated arginine-induced insulin secretion (GPAIS) challenge in rat insulin promoter and diphtheria toxin A (RIP-DTA) mice. The work described here provides new avenues to disease altering therapeutic interventions in the treatment of type 1 diabetes (T1D).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahu A Liu
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Qihui Jin
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Yefen Zou
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Qiang Ding
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Shanshan Yan
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Zhicheng Wang
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Xueshi Hao
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Bao Nguyen
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Xiaoyue Zhang
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Jianfeng Pan
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Tingting Mo
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Kate Jacobsen
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Thanh Lam
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Tom Y-H Wu
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - H Michael Petrassi
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Badry Bursulaya
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Michael DiDonato
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - W Perry Gordon
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Bo Liu
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Janine Baaten
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Robert Hill
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Vân Nguyen-Tran
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Minhua Qiu
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - You-Qing Zhang
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Anwesh Kamireddy
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Sheryll Espinola
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Lisa Deaton
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Sukwon Ha
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - George Harb
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Yong Jia
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Jing Li
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Weijun Shen
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Andrew M Schumacher
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Karyn Colman
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Richard Glynne
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Shifeng Pan
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Peter McNamara
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Bryan Laffitte
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Shelly Meeusen
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Valentina Molteni
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Jon Loren
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
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Miszczyk J, Rawojć K. Effects of culturing technique on human peripheral blood lymphocytes response to proton and X-ray radiation. Int J Radiat Biol 2020; 96:424-433. [DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2020.1704907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Miszczyk
- Department of Experimental Physics of Complex Systems, Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Kamila Rawojć
- The University Hospital in Kraków, Department of Endocrinology, Nuclear Medicine Unit, Kraków, Poland
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Suhail S, Sardashti N, Jaiswal D, Rudraiah S, Misra M, Kumbar SG. Engineered Skin Tissue Equivalents for Product Evaluation and Therapeutic Applications. Biotechnol J 2019; 14:e1900022. [PMID: 30977574 PMCID: PMC6615970 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201900022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The current status of skin tissue equivalents that have emerged as relevant tools in commercial and therapeutic product development applications is reviewed. Due to the rise of animal welfare concerns, numerous companies have designed skin model alternatives to assess the efficacy of pharmaceutical, skincare, and cosmetic products in an in vitro setting, decreasing the dependency on such methods. Skin models have also made an impact in determining the root causes of skin diseases. When designing a skin model, there are various chemical and physical considerations that need to be considered to produce a biomimetic design. This includes designing a structure that mimics the structural characteristics and mechanical strength needed for tribological property measurement and toxicological testing. Recently, various commercial products have made significant progress towards achieving a native skin alternative. Further research involve the development of a functional bilayered model that mimics the constituent properties of the native epidermis and dermis. In this article, the skin models are divided into three categories: in vitro epidermal skin equivalents, in vitro full-thickness skin equivalents, and clinical skin equivalents. A description of skin model characteristics, testing methods, applications, and potential improvements is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Suhail
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT 06030, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, 260 Glenbrook Road, Unit 3247, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Naseem Sardashti
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT 06030, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, 260 Glenbrook Road, Unit 3247, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Devina Jaiswal
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT 06030, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Western New England University, 1215 Wilbrahan Road, Springfield, MA 01119
| | - Swetha Rudraiah
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT 06030, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Saint Joseph, 229 Trumbull St., Hartford CT 06103, USA
| | - Manoj Misra
- Unilever R&D, 40 Merritt Blvd, Trumbull, CT 06611, USA
| | - Sangamesh G. Kumbar
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT 06030, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, 260 Glenbrook Road, Unit 3247, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
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20
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Safety profiling of genetically engineered Pim-1 kinase overexpression for oncogenicity risk in human c-kit+ cardiac interstitial cells. Gene Ther 2019; 26:324-337. [PMID: 31239537 DOI: 10.1038/s41434-019-0084-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Advancement of stem cell-based treatment will involve next-generation approaches to enhance therapeutic efficacy which is often modest, particularly in the context of myocardial regenerative therapy. Our group has previously demonstrated the beneficial effect of genetic modification of cardiac stem cells with Pim-1 kinase overexpression to rejuvenate aged cells as well as potentiate myocardial repair. Despite these encouraging findings, concerns were raised regarding potential for oncogenic risk associated with Pim-1 kinase overexpression. Testing of Pim-1 engineered c-kit+ cardiac interstitial cells (cCIC) derived from heart failure patient samples for indices of oncogenic risk was undertaken using multiple assessments including soft agar colony formation, micronucleation, gamma-Histone 2AX foci, and transcriptome profiling. Collectively, findings demonstrate comparable phenotypic and biological properties of cCIC following Pim-1 overexpression compared with using baseline control cells with no evidence for oncogenic phenotype. Using a highly selective and continuous sensor for quantitative assessment of PIM1 kinase activity revealed a sevenfold increase in Pim-1 engineered vs. control cells. Kinase activity profiling using a panel of sensors for other kinases demonstrates elevation of IKKs), AKT/SGK, CDK1-3, p38, and ERK1/2 in addition to Pim-1 consistent with heightened kinase activity correlating with Pim-1 overexpression that may contribute to Pim-1-mediated effects. Enhancement of cellular survival, proliferation, and other beneficial properties to augment stem cell-mediated repair without oncogenic risk is a feasible, logical, and safe approach to improve efficacy and overcome current limitations inherent to cellular adoptive transfer therapeutic interventions.
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21
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He B, Gnawali N, Hinman AW, Mattingly AJ, Osimani A, Cimini D. Chromosomes missegregated into micronuclei contribute to chromosomal instability by missegregating at the next division. Oncotarget 2019; 10:2660-2674. [PMID: 31105868 PMCID: PMC6505630 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Micronuclei (MNi) are extranuclear DNA-containing structures that form upon mitotic exit from unsegregated chromosome fragments or anaphase lagging (whole) chromosomes (LCs). MNi formed from whole chromosomes are of particular interest because LCs are observed in both cancer and non-cancer cells, and are recognized as a major source of chromosomal instability (CIN) in cancer cells. Here, we generated a PtK1 cell line expressing a photoactivatable H2B histone to study the behavior of whole chromosome-containing MNi at the mitosis following their formation. Importantly, MNi of PtK1 cells did not display the membrane rupture or transport defects reported for other cell types. Despite this, we found that most micronucleated cells displayed some kind of chromosome segregation defect and that the missegregating chromosome was the one derived from the MN. Moreover, condensation of the chromosome within the MN was frequently delayed and associated with failure to align at the metaphase plate. Finally, the defective condensation of the MN-derived chromosomes could also explain the frequent occurrence of cytokinesis failure in micronucleated cells. In summary, we find that chromosomes from MNi may trigger a CIN phenotype by missegregating at the mitosis following MN formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin He
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.,Biocomplexity Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Nisha Gnawali
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.,Current affiliation: Orlando Health, MP 401, Orlando, FL 32819, USA
| | - Albert W Hinman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.,Biocomplexity Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.,Current affiliation: Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Aaron J Mattingly
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.,Current affiliation: Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94122, USA
| | - Alyssa Osimani
- Biocomplexity Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Daniela Cimini
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.,Biocomplexity Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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22
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Marx U, Walles H, Hoffmann S, Lindner G, Horland R, Sonntag F, Klotzbach U, Sakharov D, Tonevitsky A, Lauster R. ‘Human-on-a-chip’ Developments: A Translational Cutting-edge Alternative to Systemic Safety Assessment and Efficiency Evaluation of Substances in Laboratory Animals and Man? Altern Lab Anim 2019; 40:235-57. [DOI: 10.1177/026119291204000504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Marx
- Technische Universität Berlin, Department of Biotechnology, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Silke Hoffmann
- Technische Universität Berlin, Department of Biotechnology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gerd Lindner
- Technische Universität Berlin, Department of Biotechnology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Reyk Horland
- Technische Universität Berlin, Department of Biotechnology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Sonntag
- Fraunhofer-Institut für Werkstoff- und Strahltechnik IWS, Dresden, Germany
| | - Udo Klotzbach
- Fraunhofer-Institut für Werkstoff- und Strahltechnik IWS, Dresden, Germany
| | | | | | - Roland Lauster
- Technische Universität Berlin, Department of Biotechnology, Berlin, Germany
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23
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Wilde S, Queisser N, Holz C, Raschke M, Sutter A. Differentiation of Aneugens and Clastogens in the In Vitro Micronucleus Test by Kinetochore Scoring Using Automated Image Analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2019; 60:227-242. [PMID: 30561837 DOI: 10.1002/em.22259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The in vitro micronucleus test according to OECD Test Guideline 487 (TG 487) is widely used to investigate the genotoxic potential of drugs. Besides the identification of in vitro genotoxicants, the assay can be complemented with kinetochore staining for the differentiation between clastogens and aneugens. This differentiation constitutes a major contribution to risk assessment as especially aneugens show a threshold response. Thus, a novel method for automated MN plus kinetochore (k+) scoring by image analysis was developed based on the OECD TG 487. Compound-induced increases in MN frequency can be detected using the cytokinesis-block (cytochalasin B) method in V79 cells after 24 h in a 96-well format. Nuclei, MN, and kinetochores were labeled with nuclear counterstain and anti-kinetochore antibodies, respectively, to score MN in binuclear or multinuclear cells and to differentiate compound-induced MN by the presence of kinetochores. First, a reference data set was created by manual scoring using two clastogens and aneugens. After developing the automated scoring process, a set of 14 reference genotoxicants were studied. The automated image analysis yielded the expected results: 5/5 clastogens and 6/6 aneugens (sensitivity: 100%) as well as 3/3 non-genotoxicants (specificity: 100%) were correctly identified. Further, a threshold was determined for identifying aneugens. Based on the data for our internally characterized reference compounds, unknown compounds that induce ≥53.8% k+ MN are classified as aneugens. The current data demonstrate excellent specificity and sensitivity and the methodology is superior to manual microscopic analysis in terms of speed and throughput as well as the absence of human bias. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 60:227-242, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Wilde
- Bayer AG, Investigational Toxicology, Berlin, Germany
- Fraunhofer ITEM, Preclinical Pharmacology and In Vitro Toxicology, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nina Queisser
- Bayer AG, Investigational Toxicology, Berlin, Germany
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24
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Lison D, Van Maele-Fabry G, Vral A, Vermeulen S, Bastin P, Haufroid V, Baeyens A. Absence of genotoxic impact assessed by micronucleus frequency in circulating lymphocytes of workers exposed to cadmium. Toxicol Lett 2019; 303:72-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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25
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Kobets T, Iatropoulos MJ, Williams GM. Mechanisms of DNA-reactive and epigenetic chemical carcinogens: applications to carcinogenicity testing and risk assessment. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2019; 8:123-145. [PMID: 30997017 PMCID: PMC6417487 DOI: 10.1039/c8tx00250a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemicals with carcinogenic activity in either animals or humans produce increases in neoplasia through diverse mechanisms. One mechanism is reaction with nuclear DNA. Other mechanisms consist of epigenetic effects involving either modifications of regulatory macromolecules or perturbation of cellular regulatory processes. The basis for distinguishing between carcinogens that have either DNA reactivity or an epigenetic activity as their primary mechanism of action is detailed in this review. In addition, important applications of information on these mechanisms of action to carcinogenicity testing and human risk assessment are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetyana Kobets
- Department of Pathology , New York Medical College , Valhalla , NY 10595 , USA . ; ; Tel: +1 914-594-3105
| | - Michael J Iatropoulos
- Department of Pathology , New York Medical College , Valhalla , NY 10595 , USA . ; ; Tel: +1 914-594-3105
| | - Gary M Williams
- Department of Pathology , New York Medical College , Valhalla , NY 10595 , USA . ; ; Tel: +1 914-594-3105
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26
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Mišík M, Nersesyan A, Bolognesi C, Kundi M, Ferk F, Knasmueller S. Cytome micronucleus assays with a metabolically competent human derived liver cell line (Huh6): A promising approach for routine testing of chemicals? ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2019; 60:134-144. [PMID: 30408237 PMCID: PMC6492180 DOI: 10.1002/em.22254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
One of the main problems of in vitro genotoxicity tests is the inadequate representation of drug metabolizing enzymes in most indicator cell lines which are currently used. We identified recently a human derived liver cell line (Huh6) which detected induction of DNA damage by representatives of different groups of promutagens without enzyme mix and showed that these cells are more suitable in terms of reproducibility and sensitivity as other currently used liver derived lines. We developed a protocol for micronucleus (MN) cytome assays with these cells and validated the procedure in experiments with representatives of different groups of directly and indirectly acting genotoxic carcinogens (MMS, cisplatin, PhIP, IQ, NDMA, B(a)P, AFB1, etoposide, and H2 O2 ). The optimal cytochalasin B concentration in combination with 48 hr treatment was found to be 1.5 μg/mL and leads to a cytokinesis block proliferation index in the range between 1.7 and 2.0. The morphological characteristics of different nuclear anomalies which reflect DNA damage (MN, nuclear bridges, and buds) and their baseline frequencies in untreated cells were characterized, and the rates which are required to cause significant effects were calculated. All compounds caused dose dependent induction of MN when the cells were treated for 24 hr, longer and shorter exposure times were less effective. Experiments with different serum levels (fetal bovine serum [FBS]) showed that 10% FBS in the medium (instead of 4%) causes a substantial increase of the sensitivity of the cells. Our results indicate that the new protocol is a promising approach for routine testing of chemicals. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 60: 134-144, 2019. © 2018 The Authors. Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Environmental Mutagen Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Mišík
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Internal Medicine 1Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Armen Nersesyan
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Internal Medicine 1Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Claudia Bolognesi
- Environmental Carcinogenesis UnitOspedale Policlinico San MartinoGenoaItaly
| | - Michael Kundi
- Center for Public Health, Department of Environmental HealthMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Franziska Ferk
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Internal Medicine 1Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Siegfried Knasmueller
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Internal Medicine 1Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
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27
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Dailton Guedes de Oliveira Moraes C, Henrique Godoi B, Chaves Silva Carvalho I, Cristina Pinto J, Carvalho Rossato R, Soares da Silva N, Pacheco Soares C. Genotoxic effects of photodynamic therapy in laryngeal cancer cells - An in vitro study. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2019; 244:262-271. [PMID: 30674213 DOI: 10.1177/1535370219826544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT Recently, the use of photodynamic therapy grows as an alternative treatment for cancer, since it has a noninvasive characteristic and affinity to the tumor tissue. Accordingly, understanding the therapy's foci of action is important for the technique improvement. This work aims to understand the genotoxic effect triggered by the therapy action, thus evidencing the permanent changes caused to the genetic material of the tumor cell after the treatment. Therefore, to increase the knowledge in this study field, the methodology of the comet assay and count of micronucleus formed after the therapy was adopted in order to understand if the damage caused to the DNA of tumor cell makes its replication process unfeasible in future generations. The study allows a better therapeutic approach to the cancer treatment, making the process of association between therapies a more effective option during the disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Dailton Guedes de Oliveira Moraes
- 1 Institute of Research and Development - IP&D, Universidade do Vale do Paraíba - UNIVAP, Laboratory Dynamics of Cellular Compartments, Sao Paulo 12244-000, Brazil
| | - Bruno Henrique Godoi
- 1 Institute of Research and Development - IP&D, Universidade do Vale do Paraíba - UNIVAP, Laboratory Dynamics of Cellular Compartments, Sao Paulo 12244-000, Brazil
| | - Isabel Chaves Silva Carvalho
- 1 Institute of Research and Development - IP&D, Universidade do Vale do Paraíba - UNIVAP, Laboratory Dynamics of Cellular Compartments, Sao Paulo 12244-000, Brazil
| | - Jessica Cristina Pinto
- 1 Institute of Research and Development - IP&D, Universidade do Vale do Paraíba - UNIVAP, Laboratory Dynamics of Cellular Compartments, Sao Paulo 12244-000, Brazil
| | - Rafaella Carvalho Rossato
- 1 Institute of Research and Development - IP&D, Universidade do Vale do Paraíba - UNIVAP, Laboratory Dynamics of Cellular Compartments, Sao Paulo 12244-000, Brazil
| | - Newton Soares da Silva
- 2 Institute of Research and Development - IP&D, Universidade do Vale do Paraíba - UNIVAP, Laboratory of Cell Biology and Tissue, Sao Paulo, CEP 12244-000, Brazil
| | - Cristina Pacheco Soares
- 1 Institute of Research and Development - IP&D, Universidade do Vale do Paraíba - UNIVAP, Laboratory Dynamics of Cellular Compartments, Sao Paulo 12244-000, Brazil
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28
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Lehman RR, Archer KJ. Penalized negative binomial models for modeling an overdispersed count outcome with a high-dimensional predictor space: Application predicting micronuclei frequency. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0209923. [PMID: 30620740 PMCID: PMC6324811 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal aberrations, such as micronuclei (MN), have served as biomarkers of genotoxic exposure and cancer risk. Guidelines for the process of scoring MN have been presented by the HUman MicroNucleus (HUMN) project. However, these guidelines were developed for assay performance but do not address how to statistically analyze the data generated by the assay. This has led to the application of various statistical methods that may render different interpretations and conclusions. By combining MN with data from other high-throughput genomic technologies such as gene expression microarray data, we may elucidate molecular features involved in micronucleation. Traditional methods that can model discrete (synonymously, count) data, such as MN frequency, require that the number of explanatory variables (P) is less than the number of samples (N). Due to this limitation, penalized models have been developed to enable model fitting for such over-parameterized datasets. Because penalized models in the discrete response setting are lacking, particularly when the count outcome is over-dispersed, herein we present our penalized negative binomial regression model that can be fit when P > N. Using simulation studies we demonstrate the performance of our method in comparison to commonly used penalized Poisson models when the outcome is over-dispersed and applied it to MN frequency and gene expression data collected as part of the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study. Our countgmifs R package is available for download from the Comprehensive R Archive Network and can be applied to datasets having a discrete outcome that is either Poisson or negative binomial distributed and a high-dimensional covariate space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca R. Lehman
- United Network for Organ Sharing, Richmond, VA, United States of America
| | - Kellie J. Archer
- Division of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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29
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May JE, Donaldson C, Gynn L, Morse HR. Chemotherapy-induced genotoxic damage to bone marrow cells: long-term implications. Mutagenesis 2019; 33:241-251. [PMID: 30239865 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gey014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) within the bone marrow (BM) are vitally important in forming the micro-environment supporting haematopoiesis after myeloablative chemotherapy. MSCs are known to be damaged phenotypically and functionally by chemotherapy; however, to the best our knowledge, the persistence of genotoxic effects of chemotherapy on the BM micro-environment has not been studied. We therefore aimed to evaluate genotoxic effects of chemotherapy on the BM both in vitro and in vivo, using the comet and micronucleus assays, focussing on the persistence of DNA lesions that may contribute to complications in the patient. The MSC cell line (HS-5) and primary cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMNCs: a source of undamaged DNA) were exposed to the chemotherapeutic agent cyclophosphamide (CY) within a physiologically relevant in vitro model. CY treatment resulted in significant increases in CBMNC DNA damage at all time points tested (3-48 h exposure). Similarly, HS-5 cells exposed to CY exhibited significant increases in DNA damage as measured by the comet assay, with increased numbers of abnormal cells visible in the micronucleus assay. In addition, even 48 h after removal of 48-h CY treatment, DNA damage remains significantly increased in treated cells relative to controls. In patients treated with chemotherapy for haematological malignancy, highly significant increases in damaged DNA were seen in BM cells isolated from one individual 1 year after completion of therapy for acute leukaemia compared with pretreatment (P < 0.001). Similarly, two individuals treated 7 and 17 years previously with chemotherapy exhibited significant increases of damaged DNA in MSC compared with untreated age- and sex-matched controls (P < 0.05). Unlike haematopoietic cells, MSCs are not replaced following a stem cell transplant. Therefore, long-term damage to MSC may impact on engraftment of either allogeneic or autologous transplants. In addition, persistence of DNA lesions may lead to genetic instability, correlating with the significant number of chemotherapy-treated individuals who have therapy-related malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E May
- Centre for Research in Biosciences, University of the West of England, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol, UK
| | - Craig Donaldson
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, Devon, UK
| | - Liana Gynn
- Centre for Research in Biosciences, University of the West of England, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol, UK
| | - H Ruth Morse
- Centre for Research in Biosciences, University of the West of England, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol, UK
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30
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Lovell DP, Fellow M, Elhajouji A, Farabaugh CS, Gilby BG, Hashimoto K, Li Y, Roy S, Schuler M, Whitwell J, Tanir JY. Analysis of historical negative control group data from the in vitro micronucleus assay using human lymphocytes. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2019; 837:52-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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31
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Resendes AS, Dos Santos DS, França FM, Petesse ML, Badaró-Pedroso C, Ferreira CM. Acute toxic and genotoxic effects of formalin in Danio rerio (zebrafish). ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2018; 27:1379-1386. [PMID: 30421321 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-018-1993-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Formalin is a readily soluble chemical used as a sanitizing agent in the home and hospital. Formaldehyde solutions are routinely used in aquaculture for the prophylaxis and treatment of parasites and fungi, but the adverse effects of their application need to be further investigated. Danio rerio or zebrafish has characteristics favorable to its handling and breeding, and it is highly sensitive to various chemicals, being an ideal experimental model for this type of investigation. Thus, the objective of this study was to verify the toxic and genotoxic effects of formalin and to determine the lethal concentrations of this chemical to support its safe use in disinfection processes. Acute and chronic tests were performed using methods in accordance with international protocols. The genotoxic effect of formalin was evaluated with the micronucleus test using blood samples, which were collected at 96 and 192 h of exposure. The LC50-96h of formalin in D. rerio was 45.73 mg L-1, demonstrating its high resistance compared to other species. Regarding the genotoxic effect, the sublethal concentrations of formalin showed a positive correlation with micronuclei according to the increase in its concentration independent of the time of exposure. The incidence of micronuclei increased with concentration, and the addition of 1 mg L-1 formalin corresponded to an increase of 2.9% in the average number of micronuclei. In other words, formalin at even sublethal concentrations caused genotoxic effects in peripheral blood erythrocytes of D. rerio. Therefore, we recommend further studies and other tests involving this chemical for its use at environmentally safe concentrations.
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32
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Drosopoulou E, Vlastos D, Efthimiou I, Kyrizaki P, Tsamadou S, Anagnostopoulou M, Kofidou D, Gavriilidis M, Mademtzoglou D, Mavragani-Tsipidou P. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the genotoxic and antigenotoxic potential of the major Chios mastic water constituents. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12200. [PMID: 30111795 PMCID: PMC6093890 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29810-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chios mastic products are well-known for their broad applications in food industry, cosmetics, and healthcare since the antiquity. Given our recent finding that Chios mastic water (CMW) exerts antigenotoxic action, in the present study, we evaluated the genotoxic as well as the antigenotoxic potential of the four major compounds of CMW, namely, verbenone, α-terpineol, linalool, and trans-pinocarveol. The cytokinesis block micronucleus (CBMN) assay in cultured human lymphocytes and the Drosophila Somatic Mutation And Recombination Test (SMART), also known as the wing spot test, were employed. None of the four major CMW's constituents or their mixtures showed genotoxic or recombinogenic activity in either of the assays used. Co-treatment of each of the constituents with MMC revealed that all except trans-pinocarveol exerted antigenotoxic potential. Moreover, co-administration of verbenone with linalool or α-terpineol presented statistically significant reduction of MMC-induced mutagenicity. In conclusion, the major CMW constituents were shown to be free of genotoxic effects, while some exerted antigenotoxic activity either alone or in combinations, suggesting synergistic phenomena. Our results provide evidence on the key antigenotoxicity effectors of the plant extract CMW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Drosopoulou
- Department of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Faculty of Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Dimitris Vlastos
- Department of Environmental and Natural Resources Management, University of Patras, Agrinio, Greece
| | - Ioanna Efthimiou
- Department of Environmental and Natural Resources Management, University of Patras, Agrinio, Greece
| | - Paraskevi Kyrizaki
- Department of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Faculty of Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Sofia Tsamadou
- Department of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Faculty of Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Maria Anagnostopoulou
- Department of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Faculty of Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Danai Kofidou
- Department of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Faculty of Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Maxim Gavriilidis
- Department of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Faculty of Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Despoina Mademtzoglou
- Department of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Faculty of Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Penelope Mavragani-Tsipidou
- Department of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Faculty of Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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33
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Iyer K, Chen Z, Ganapa T, Wu BM, Tawil B, Linsley CS. Keratinocyte Migration in a Three-Dimensional In Vitro Wound Healing Model Co-Cultured with Fibroblasts. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2018; 15:721-733. [PMID: 30603591 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-018-0145-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Because three-dimensional (3D) models more closely mimic native tissues, one of the goals of 3D in vitro tissue models is to aid in the development and toxicity screening of new drug therapies. In this study, a 3D skin wound healing model comprising of a collagen type I construct with fibrin-filled defects was developed. Methods Optical imaging was used to measure keratinocyte migration in the presence of fibroblasts over 7 days onto the fibrin-filled defects. Additionally, cell viability and growth of fibroblasts and keratinocytes was measured using the alamarBlue® assay and changes in the mechanical stiffness of the 3D construct was monitored using compressive indentation testing. Results Keratinocyte migration rate was significantly increased in the presence of fibroblasts with the cells reaching the center of the defect as early as day 3 in the co-culture constructs compared to day 7 for the control keratinocyte monoculture constructs. Additionally, constructs with the greatest rate of keratinocyte migration had reduced cell growth. When fibroblasts were cultured alone in the wound healing construct, there was a 1.3 to 3.4-fold increase in cell growth and a 1.2 to 1.4-fold increase in cell growth for keratinocyte monocultures. However, co-culture constructs exhibited no significant growth over 7 days. Finally, mechanical testing showed that fibroblasts and keratinocytes had varying effects on matrix stiffness with fibroblasts degrading the constructs while keratinocytes increased the construct's stiffness. Conclusion This 3D in vitro wound healing model is a step towards developing a mimetic construct that recapitulates the complex microenvironment of healing wounds and could aid in the early studies of novel therapeutics that promote migration and proliferation of epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kritika Iyer
- 1Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, 420 Westwood Plaza, Room 5121, Engineering V, P.O. Box 951600, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1600 USA
| | - Zhuo Chen
- 1Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, 420 Westwood Plaza, Room 5121, Engineering V, P.O. Box 951600, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1600 USA
| | - Teja Ganapa
- 1Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, 420 Westwood Plaza, Room 5121, Engineering V, P.O. Box 951600, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1600 USA
| | - Benjamin M Wu
- 1Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, 420 Westwood Plaza, Room 5121, Engineering V, P.O. Box 951600, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1600 USA.,2Division of Advanced Prosthodontics and the Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Bill Tawil
- 1Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, 420 Westwood Plaza, Room 5121, Engineering V, P.O. Box 951600, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1600 USA
| | - Chase S Linsley
- 1Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, 420 Westwood Plaza, Room 5121, Engineering V, P.O. Box 951600, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1600 USA
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34
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Chethna P, Iyer SS, Gandhi VV, Kunwar A, Singh BG, Barik A, Balaji NV, Ramani MV, Subbaraju GV, Priyadarsini KI. Toxicity and Antigenotoxic Effect of Hispolon Derivatives: Role of Structure in Modulating Cellular Redox State and Thioredoxin Reductase. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:5958-5970. [PMID: 30023935 PMCID: PMC6045486 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b00415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Hispolon (HS), a bioactive polyphenol, and its derivatives such as hispolon monomethyl ether (HME), hispolon pyrazole (HP), and hispolon monomethyl ether pyrazole (HMEP) were evaluated for comparative toxicity and antigenotoxic effects. The stability of HS derivatives in biological matrices followed the order HS < HP ≈ HME < HMEP. The cytotoxicity analysis of HS derivatives indicated that HP and HMEP were less toxic than HS and HME, respectively, in both normal and tumor cell types. The mechanisms of toxicity of HS and HME involved inhibition of thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) and/or induction of reductive stress. From the enzyme kinetic and docking studies, it was established that HS and HME interacted with the NADPH-binding domain of TrxR through electrostatic and hydrophobic bonds, resulting in inhibition of the catalytic activity. Subsequently, treatment with HS, HP, and HMEP at a nontoxic concentration of 10 μM in Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells showed significant protection against radiation (4 Gy)-induced DNA damage as assessed by micronuclei and γ-H2AX assays. In conclusion, the above results suggested the importance of phenolic and diketo groups in controlling the stability and toxicity of HS derivatives. The pyrazole derivatives, HP and HMEP, may gain significance in the development of functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pogakula Chethna
- Radiation
& Photochemistry Division and Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research
Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Shruti S. Iyer
- Radiation
& Photochemistry Division and Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research
Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Vishwa V. Gandhi
- Radiation
& Photochemistry Division and Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research
Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
- Homi
Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400 094, India
| | - Amit Kunwar
- Radiation
& Photochemistry Division and Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research
Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
- Homi
Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400 094, India
- E-mail: . Phone: 91-22-25592352.
Fax: 91-22-25505151 (A.K.)
| | - Beena G. Singh
- Radiation
& Photochemistry Division and Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research
Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Atanu Barik
- Radiation
& Photochemistry Division and Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research
Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
- E-mail: (A.B.)
| | - Neduri V. Balaji
- Natsol
Laboratories Pvt. Ltd., Ramky Commercial Hub, J. N. Pharmacity, Visakhapatnam 531019, India
| | - Modukuri V. Ramani
- Natsol
Laboratories Pvt. Ltd., Ramky Commercial Hub, J. N. Pharmacity, Visakhapatnam 531019, India
| | | | - K. Indira Priyadarsini
- Radiation
& Photochemistry Division and Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research
Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
- Homi
Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400 094, India
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Javvaji K, Begum G, Deshpande SS, Rana RK, Misra S. Potential of the Bioinspired CaCO3 Microspheres Loaded with Tetracycline in Inducing Differential Cytotoxic Effects toward Noncancerous and Cancer Cells: A Cytogenetic Toxicity Assessment Using CHO Cells in Vitro. Chem Res Toxicol 2018; 31:629-636. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.8b00131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Pukalskienė M, Slapšytė G, Dedonytė V, Lazutka JR, Mierauskienė J, Venskutonis PR. Genotoxicity and antioxidant activity of five Agrimonia and Filipendula species plant extracts evaluated by comet and micronucleus assays in human lymphocytes and Ames Salmonella/microsome test. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 113:303-313. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Genotoxicity evaluation of multi-component mixtures of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), arsenic, cadmium, and lead using flow cytometry based micronucleus test in HepG2 cells. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2018; 827:9-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Tahrani L, Mehri I, Reyns T, Anthonissen R, Verschaeve L, Khalifa ABH, Loco JV, Abdenaceur H, Mansour HB. UPLC-MS/MS analysis of antibiotics in pharmaceutical effluent in Tunisia: ecotoxicological impact and multi-resistant bacteria dissemination. Arch Microbiol 2017; 200:553-565. [PMID: 29230492 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-017-1467-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The UPLC MS/MS analysis showed the presence of the two antibiotics in the pharmaceutical industry discharges during 3 months; norfloxacin and spiramycin which were quantified with the mean concentrations of 226.7 and 84.2 ng mL-1, respectively. Sixteen resistant isolates were obtained from the pharmaceutical effluent and identified by sequencing. These isolates belong to different genera, namely Citrobacter, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, Delftia, Shewanella, and Rheinheimera. The antibiotic resistance phenotypes of these isolates were determined (27 tested antibiotics-discs). All the studied isolates were found resistant to amoxicillin and gentamicin, and 83.33% of isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin. Multiple antibiotic resistances were revealed against β-lactams, quinolones, and aminoglycosides families. Our overall results suggest that the obtained bacterial isolates may constitute potential candidates for bioremediation and can be useful for biotechnological applications. Genotoxic effects were assessed by a battery of biotests; the pharmaceutical wastewater was genotoxic according to the bacterial Vitotox test and micronuclei test. Genotoxicity was also evaluated by the comet test; the tail DNA damages reached 38 and 22% for concentrated sample (10×) and non-concentrated sample (1×), respectively. However, the histological sections of kidney and liver's mice treated by pharmaceutical effluent showed normal histology and no visible structural effects or alterations as cytolysis, edema, or ulcerative necrosis were observed. Residual antibiotics can reach water environment through wastewater and provoke dissemination of the antibiotics resistance and induce genotoxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyla Tahrani
- Laboratory of Chemical Residues and Contaminants, Direction of Food Medicines and Consumer Safety, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Juliette Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050, Brussels, Belgium.,Laboratory of toxicology, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Juliette Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050, Brussels, Belgium.,Research Unit of Analysis and Process Applied to the Environment, APAE UR17ES32 Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology Mahdia "ISSAT", Monastir University, 5100, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Ines Mehri
- Laboratoire Traitement et recyclage des eaux, Centre de recherche et technologie des eaux, Borj Cedria, Tunisia
| | - Tim Reyns
- Laboratory of Chemical Residues and Contaminants, Direction of Food Medicines and Consumer Safety, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Juliette Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Roel Anthonissen
- Laboratory of toxicology, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Juliette Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Luc Verschaeve
- Laboratory of toxicology, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Juliette Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Joris Van Loco
- Laboratory of Chemical Residues and Contaminants, Direction of Food Medicines and Consumer Safety, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Juliette Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hassen Abdenaceur
- Laboratoire Traitement et recyclage des eaux, Centre de recherche et technologie des eaux, Borj Cedria, Tunisia
| | - Hedi Ben Mansour
- Research Unit of Analysis and Process Applied to the Environment, APAE UR17ES32 Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology Mahdia "ISSAT", Monastir University, 5100, Monastir, Tunisia.
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Gunes S, Tamburaci S, Dalay MC, Deliloglu Gurhan I. In vitro evaluation of Spirulina platensis extract incorporated skin cream with its wound healing and antioxidant activities. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2017; 55:1824-1832. [PMID: 28552036 PMCID: PMC6130752 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2017.1331249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Algae have gained importance in cosmeceutical product development due to their beneficial effects on skin health and therapeutical value with bioactive compounds. Spirulina platensis Parachas (Phormidiaceae) is renowned as a potential source of high-value chemicals and recently used in skincare products. OBJECTIVE This study develops and evaluates skin creams incorporated with bioactive S. platensis extract. MATERIALS AND METHODS Spirulina platensis was cultivated, the aqueous crude extract was prepared and in vitro cytotoxicity of S. platensis extract in the range of 0.001-1% concentrations for 1, 3 and 7 d on HS2 keratinocyte cells was determined. Crude extracts were incorporated in skin cream formulation at 0.01% (w/w) concentration and in vitro wound healing and genotoxicity studies were performed. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to determine the collagen activity. RESULTS 0.1% S. platensis extract exhibited higher proliferation activity compared with the control group with 198% of cell viability after 3 d. Skin cream including 1.125% S. platensis crude extract showed enhanced wound healing effect on HS2 keratinocyte cell line and the highest HS2 cell viability % was obtained with this concentration. The micronucleus (MN) assay results indicated that S. platensis extract incorporated creams had no genotoxic effect on human peripheral blood cells. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that collagen 1 immunoreactivity was improved by increased extract concentration and it was strongly positive in cells treated with 1.125% extract incorporated skin cream. CONCLUSIONS The cell viability, wound healing activity and genotoxicity results showed that S. platensis incorporated skin cream could be of potential value in cosmeceutical and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seda Gunes
- Graduate Program of Biogineering, İzmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Sedef Tamburaci
- Graduate Program of Biogineering, İzmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Meltem Conk Dalay
- Department of Bioengineering, Ege University, Faculty of Engineering, Izmir, Turkey
- CONTACT Meltem Conk DalayDepartment of Bioengineering, Ege University, Faculty of Engineering, Izmir35100, Turkey
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Tahrani L, Van Loco J, Anthonissen R, Verschaeve L, Ben Mansour H, Reyns T. Identification and risk assessment of human and veterinary antibiotics in the wastewater treatment plants and the adjacent sea in Tunisia. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2017; 76:3000-3021. [PMID: 29210687 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2017.465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In the following study, we came up with and validated a prompt, sensitive and precise method for the simultaneous determination of 56 antimicrobial drugs (tetracyclines, sulfonamides, β-lactams, macrolides and quinolones) using the ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). This method was implemented with success to determine antibiotics in samples collected from four wastewater treatment plants and five coasts in Tunisia. Results showed the presence of high concentrations of antibiotics that ranged from 0.1 to 646 ng mL-1, which can induce many negative impacts on health and the environment. For this reason, we have opted to evaluate toxicity of wastewater samples using a battery of biotests. In fact, genotoxicity was assessed using three tests: Vitotox, comet and micronucleus assays. The input and output of wastewater treatment plants induced a strongly genotoxic effect on the Salmonella typhimurium TA104 prokaryotic Vitotox assay. This result was confirmed using the comet and the micronucleus assays performed on the human liver hepatocellular carcinoma cells. The genotoxic power of the tested wastewater treatment plants' samples could be attributed to the presence of the higher quantities of antibiotics that are detected in these samples and to the antibiotic and organic compound cocktails.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyla Tahrani
- Research Unit of Analysis and Process Applied to the Environment-APAE UR17ES32 Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology, University of Monastir, Mahdia 5100, Tunisia E-mail: ; Laboratory of Chemical Residues and Contaminants, Direction of Food Medicines and Consumer Safety, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Juliette Wytsmanstraat 14, Brussels 1050, Belgium; Laboratory of Toxicology, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Juliette Wytsmanstraat 14, Brussels 1050, Belgium
| | - Joris Van Loco
- Laboratory of Chemical Residues and Contaminants, Direction of Food Medicines and Consumer Safety, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Juliette Wytsmanstraat 14, Brussels 1050, Belgium
| | - Roel Anthonissen
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Juliette Wytsmanstraat 14, Brussels 1050, Belgium
| | - Luc Verschaeve
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Juliette Wytsmanstraat 14, Brussels 1050, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Hedi Ben Mansour
- Research Unit of Analysis and Process Applied to the Environment-APAE UR17ES32 Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology, University of Monastir, Mahdia 5100, Tunisia E-mail:
| | - Tim Reyns
- Laboratory of Chemical Residues and Contaminants, Direction of Food Medicines and Consumer Safety, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Juliette Wytsmanstraat 14, Brussels 1050, Belgium
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Kumari P, Gautam SG, Baba M, Tsukiashi M, Matsuoka K, Yasukawa K, Nishigaki K. DNA-based mutation assay GPMA (genome profiling-based mutation assay): reproducibility, parts-per-billion scale sensitivity, and introduction of a mammalian-cell-based approach. J Biochem 2017; 162:395-401. [PMID: 29186523 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvx043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome profiling-based mutation assay (GPMA) is, to date, the only DNA sequence-based mutation assay that directly measures DNA alterations induced by mutagens. Here, the all-important congruence of mutagen assignment between DNA-based GPMA and the phenotype-based Ames test (the gold standard of mutagen assays) was confirmed qualitatively and semi-quantitatively by means of 94 chemical species (including previously examined 64). The high sensitivity (on the order of 10 ppb) and reproducibility of GPMA were also corroborated by the match between virtually independent experiments conducted in the distant past (10 years ago) and recently. Meanwhile, a standard experimental framework was established: the conditions of 100 parts per billion (ppb) concentration of a chemical and 15-generation culture of Escherichia coli. Moreover, a mammalian cell line (NIH 3T3) was shown to be suitable as a tester organism for the GPMA approach. Preliminary experimental results suggested that this approach can provide a qualitatively equivalent and quantitatively different mutagen assay results relative to the bacteria-based GPMA (renamed as bGPMA). This finding confirmed the effectiveness of the GPMA approach and indicates that mGPMA is a promising way to detect mammalian-cell mutagens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parmila Kumari
- Department of Functional Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Sunita Ghimire Gautam
- Department of Functional Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Misato Baba
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Motoki Tsukiashi
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Koji Matsuoka
- Department of Functional Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Yasukawa
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Koichi Nishigaki
- Department of Functional Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan.,Center for Single Nanoscale Innovative Devices, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan
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Lenzi M, Cocchi V, Hrelia P. Flow cytometry vs optical microscopy in the evaluation of the genotoxic potential of xenobiotic compounds. CYTOMETRY PART B-CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2017; 94:696-706. [PMID: 28745810 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.21546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is now recognized that mutational events play a key role in the development of pathological processes like cancer, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative disease. Therefore, it is crucial to have Genetics Toxicology tests that allow rapid and accurate identification of the mutagenic potential of a xenobiotic. Currently the most widely used technique is the "In vitro mammalian cell micronucleus test" performed by optical microscopy, but some problems have been highlighted, including the number of cells analyzed, the high subjectivity of the reading at the microscope and the long analysis times. AIM The aim of this work was to develop a study protocol, for the automation of the "In vitro mammalian cell micronucleus test", by flow cytometry (FCM) analysis, to overcome the limits that afflict the optical microscopy. METHODS The study was conducted on peripheral blood lymphocytes treated with three known clastogens and three known aneugens. RESULTS The results obtained by the proposed FCM technique compared with those obtained through the validated method, demonstrated that the increase of micronuclei percentage is perfectly comparable between the two methods. CONCLUSIONS This fact, in view of results supported by a high number of cells analyzed and obtained by an accurate and objective reading, with a considerable reduction of the analysis time, can support a future request for validation of the micronucleus analysis by FCM. © 2017 International Clinical Cytometry Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monia Lenzi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, 40126, Italy
| | - Veronica Cocchi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, 40126, Italy
| | - Patrizia Hrelia
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, 40126, Italy
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Arunachalam K, Balogun SO, Pavan E, de Almeida GVB, de Oliveira RG, Wagner T, Cechinel Filho V, de Oliveira Martins DT. Chemical characterization, toxicology and mechanism of gastric antiulcer action of essential oil from Gallesia integrifolia (Spreng.) Harms in the in vitro and in vivo experimental models. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 94:292-306. [PMID: 28763752 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.07.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gallesia integrifolia is a Brazilian Amazon tree whose bark decoction is popularly used to treat peptic ulcer. The essential oil from the inner stem bark of G. integrifolia (EOGi) was chemically characterized by GC/MS. The in vitro cytotoxicity and genotoxicity were evaluated in CHO-K1 cells, while the in vivo oral acute toxicity was performed in mice. The gastroprotective effect of EOGi was assessed in acidified ethanol and piroxicam and ulcer healing on acetic acid -induced ulcer models in rodents. Anti-secretory, mucus, K+-ATP channels, prostaglandins (PGs), nitric oxide (NO), TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-10, catalase (CAT) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activities and in vitro Helicobacter pylori action by EOGi were evaluated. EOGi exhibited cytotoxic effects only at 72h and no acute toxicity. EOGi showed gastroprotective and ulcer healing effects. EOGi gastroprotection was attenuated by indomethacin pre-treatment. Gastric volume and total acidity were reduced, while gastric pH was elevated. EOGi increased mucus and NO productions and CAT activity, and inhibited MPO activity, TNF-α and IL-1β concentrations and augmented IL-10. EOGi was not active against H. pylori. These results indicated that EOGi is safe and exerts preventive and curative gastric ulcer effects by multitarget actions. Twenty compounds were identified and (-)-alpha-santalene was the main compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karuppusamy Arunachalam
- Área de Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciências Básicas em Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Cuiabá, Brazil
| | - Sikiru Olaitan Balogun
- Área de Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciências Básicas em Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Cuiabá, Brazil; Curso de Farmácia, Faculdade Noroeste do Mato Grosso, Associação Juinense de Ensino Superior (AJES), Juína, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Eduarda Pavan
- Área de Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciências Básicas em Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Cuiabá, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Vieira Botelho de Almeida
- Área de Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciências Básicas em Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Cuiabá, Brazil
| | - Ruberlei Godinho de Oliveira
- Área de Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciências Básicas em Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Cuiabá, Brazil
| | - Theodoro Wagner
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas e Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Valdir Cechinel Filho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas e Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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Peng W, Datta P, Ayan B, Ozbolat V, Sosnoski D, Ozbolat IT. 3D bioprinting for drug discovery and development in pharmaceutics. Acta Biomater 2017; 57:26-46. [PMID: 28501712 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Successful launch of a commercial drug requires significant investment of time and financial resources wherein late-stage failures become a reason for catastrophic failures in drug discovery. This calls for infusing constant innovations in technologies, which can give reliable prediction of efficacy, and more importantly, toxicology of the compound early in the drug discovery process before clinical trials. Though computational advances have resulted in more rationale in silico designing, in vitro experimental studies still require gaining industry confidence and improving in vitro-in vivo correlations. In this quest, due to their ability to mimic the spatial and chemical attributes of native tissues, three-dimensional (3D) tissue models have now proven to provide better results for drug screening compared to traditional two-dimensional (2D) models. However, in vitro fabrication of living tissues has remained a bottleneck in realizing the full potential of 3D models. Recent advances in bioprinting provide a valuable tool to fabricate biomimetic constructs, which can be applied in different stages of drug discovery research. This paper presents the first comprehensive review of bioprinting techniques applied for fabrication of 3D tissue models for pharmaceutical studies. A comparative evaluation of different bioprinting modalities is performed to assess the performance and ability of fabricating 3D tissue models for pharmaceutical use as the critical selection of bioprinting modalities indeed plays a crucial role in efficacy and toxicology testing of drugs and accelerates the drug development cycle. In addition, limitations with current tissue models are discussed thoroughly and future prospects of the role of bioprinting in pharmaceutics are provided to the reader. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Present advances in tissue biofabrication have crucial role to play in aiding the pharmaceutical development process achieve its objectives. Advent of three-dimensional (3D) models, in particular, is viewed with immense interest by the community due to their ability to mimic in vivo hierarchical tissue architecture and heterogeneous composition. Successful realization of 3D models will not only provide greater in vitro-in vivo correlation compared to the two-dimensional (2D) models, but also eventually replace pre-clinical animal testing, which has their own shortcomings. Amongst all fabrication techniques, bioprinting- comprising all the different modalities (extrusion-, droplet- and laser-based bioprinting), is emerging as the most viable fabrication technique to create the biomimetic tissue constructs. Notwithstanding the interest in bioprinting by the pharmaceutical development researchers, it can be seen that there is a limited availability of comparative literature which can guide the proper selection of bioprinting processes and associated considerations, such as the bioink selection for a particular pharmaceutical study. Thus, this work emphasizes these aspects of bioprinting and presents them in perspective of differential requirements of different pharmaceutical studies like in vitro predictive toxicology, high-throughput screening, drug delivery and tissue-specific efficacies. Moreover, since bioprinting techniques are mostly applied in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering, a comparative analysis of similarities and differences are also expounded to help researchers make informed decisions based on contemporary literature.
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Tsarpali V, Goutas A, Karyda A, Efthimiou I, Antonopoulou M, Drosopoulou E, Vlastos D, Konstantinou I, Mavragani-Tsipidou P, Dailianis S. The role of acetone in the [omim][BF 4]-mediated adverse effects on tissues of mussels, human lymphocytes and the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2017; 333:339-347. [PMID: 28380406 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated [omim][BF4]-mediated adverse effects on biological models widely used in toxicological studies. Specifically, mussels of the genus Mytilus, human lymphocytes and fruit flies of the species Drosophila melanogaster, were exposed to [omim][BF4] at concentrations ranging from micro- to milligrams per liter, with or without the presence of acetone as a carrier solvent and thereafter [omim][BF4]-mediated adverse effects were analyzed appropriately (stress indices, such as lipid peroxidation byproducts, acetylcholinesterase/AChE activity and micronucleus/MN formation frequency, in mussel gills, Cytokinesis Block Micronucleus/CBMN assay and SMART test in human lymphocytes and fruit flies respectively). LC-MS-TOF analysis was also performed for elucidating [omim][BF4] mode of action in the presence of the carrier solvent. The results showed the toxic potential of [omim][BF4], as well as acetone's ability to attenuate [omim][BF4]-mediated toxicity in almost all cases, probably due to the significant effect of acetone on the hydrophilic-lipophilic character and the viscosity of [omim][BF4], as well as its interaction and permeability on the cell membranes. The slight involvement of acetone in the attenuation of [omim][BF4]-mediated genotoxic effects on D. melanogaster could be due to species feeding experimental conditions, thus favoring the induction of antioxidant defense system against the [omim][BF4]-mediated effects in all cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Tsarpali
- Department of Biology, Section of Animal Biology, University of Patras, GR-26500, Patras, Greece
| | - Andreas Goutas
- Department of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University, GR-54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anna Karyda
- Department of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University, GR-54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioanna Efthimiou
- Department of Environmental and Natural Resources Management, University of Patras, GR-30100, Agrinio, Greece
| | - Maria Antonopoulou
- Department of Environmental and Natural Resources Management, University of Patras, GR-30100, Agrinio, Greece
| | - Elena Drosopoulou
- Department of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University, GR-54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Vlastos
- Department of Environmental and Natural Resources Management, University of Patras, GR-30100, Agrinio, Greece
| | - Ioannis Konstantinou
- Department of Environmental and Natural Resources Management, University of Patras, GR-30100, Agrinio, Greece; Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, GR-45110, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Penelope Mavragani-Tsipidou
- Department of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University, GR-54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stefanos Dailianis
- Department of Biology, Section of Animal Biology, University of Patras, GR-26500, Patras, Greece.
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Bryce SM, Bernacki DT, Bemis JC, Spellman RA, Engel ME, Schuler M, Lorge E, Heikkinen PT, Hemmann U, Thybaud V, Wilde S, Queisser N, Sutter A, Zeller A, Guérard M, Kirkland D, Dertinger SD. Interlaboratory evaluation of a multiplexed high information content in vitro genotoxicity assay. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2017; 58:146-161. [PMID: 28370322 PMCID: PMC5436310 DOI: 10.1002/em.22083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
We previously described a multiplexed in vitro genotoxicity assay based on flow cytometric analysis of detergent-liberated nuclei that are simultaneously stained with propidium iodide and labeled with fluorescent antibodies against p53, γH2AX, and phospho-histone H3. Inclusion of a known number of microspheres provides absolute nuclei counts. The work described herein was undertaken to evaluate the interlaboratory transferability of this assay, commercially known as MultiFlow® DNA Damage Kit-p53, γH2AX, Phospho-Histone H3. For these experiments, seven laboratories studied reference chemicals from a group of 84 representing clastogens, aneugens, and nongenotoxicants. TK6 cells were exposed to chemicals in 96-well plates over a range of concentrations for 24 hr. At 4 and 24 hr, cell aliquots were added to the MultiFlow reagent mix and following a brief incubation period flow cytometric analysis occurred, in most cases directly from a 96-well plate via a robotic walk-away data acquisition system. Multiplexed response data were evaluated using two analysis approaches, one based on global evaluation factors (i.e., cutoff values derived from all interlaboratory data), and a second based on multinomial logistic regression that considers multiple biomarkers simultaneously. Both data analysis strategies were devised to categorize chemicals as predominately exhibiting a clastogenic, aneugenic, or nongenotoxic mode of action (MoA). Based on the aggregate 231 experiments that were performed, assay sensitivity, specificity, and concordance in relation to a priori MoA grouping were ≥ 92%. These results are encouraging as they suggest that two distinct data analysis strategies can rapidly and reliably predict new chemicals' predominant genotoxic MoA based on data from an efficient and transferable multiplexed in vitro assay. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 58:146-161, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Maria E Engel
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut
| | - Maik Schuler
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Andreas Zeller
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Melanie Guérard
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Basel, Switzerland
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Valente D, Costa-Amaral IC, Carvalho LVBD, Santos MVCD, Castro VSD, Rodrigues DDRF, Falco AD, Silva CB, Nogueira SM, Gonçalves ES, Moreira JC, André LC, Teixeira LR, Sarcinelli PDN, Sisenando HA, Oliveira MSD, Perini JA, Mattos RDCODC, Larentis AL. Utilização de biomarcadores de genotoxicidade e expressão gênica na avaliação de trabalhadores de postos de combustíveis expostos a vapores de gasolina. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE SAÚDE OCUPACIONAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/2317-6369000124415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Resumo Introdução: a avaliação de uma exposição mensura sua intensidade, frequência e duração, podendo detectar danos precoces que, se ignorados, podem evoluir para um quadro nocivo. Nos campos da saúde ambiental e ocupacional, os biomarcadores de genotoxicidade tem sido largamente utilizados para essa avaliação. Objetivo: identificar, descrever e discutir os principais bioindicadores de genotoxicidade e seu uso conjunto com técnicas de avaliação de expressão gênica em estudos de exposição ocupacional ao benzeno em postos de revenda de combustíveis (PRC). Métodos: revisão bibliográfica de trabalhos publicados entre 1995 e 2015. Resultados: as técnicas identificadas foram: ensaio cometa, estresse oxidativo, micronúcleos, aberrações cromossômicas, polimorfismos, adutos de DNA e proteínas, fatores epigenéticos e expressão gênica. Foi observado que testes de danos genéticos e epigenéticos são utilizados em frentistas de PRC que participam de programas de saúde do trabalhador ou de pesquisas, embora um baixo número de publicações sobre o tema tenha sido identificado. Esse fato talvez possa ser explicado pelos poucos países onde a profissão persiste e pelas limitações para o desenvolvimento de pesquisas nesses países. Conclusão: os bioindicadores de genotoxicidade e as técnicas de expressão gênica são úteis na detecção de dano precoce desta exposição ocupacional e devem ser avaliados em conjunto.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Anna De Falco
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Fiocruz, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jamila Alessandra Perini
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Brazil; Centro Universitário Estadual da Zona Oeste, Brasil; Fiocruz, Brazil
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Lapchak PA, Zhang JH. The High Cost of Stroke and Stroke Cytoprotection Research. Transl Stroke Res 2016; 8:307-317. [PMID: 28039575 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-016-0518-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Acute ischemic stroke is inadequately treated in the USA and worldwide due to a lengthy history of neuroprotective drug failures in clinical trials. The majority of victims must endure life-long disabilities that not only affect their livelihood, but also have an enormous societal economic impact. The rapid development of a neuroprotective or cytoprotective compound would allow future stroke victims to receive a treatment to reduce disabilities and further promote recovery of function. This opinion article reviews in detail the enormous costs associated with developing a small molecule to treat stroke, as well as providing a timely overview of the cell-death time-course and relationship to the ischemic cascade. Distinct temporal patterns of cell-death of neurovascular unit components provide opportunities to intervene and optimize new cytoprotective strategies. However, adequate research funding is mandatory to allow stroke researchers to develop and test their novel therapeutic approach to treat stroke victims.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Lapchak
- Director of Translational Research, Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Advanced Health Sciences Pavilion, Suite 8305, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 127 S. San Vicente Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.
| | - John H Zhang
- Director, Center for Neuroscience Research, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, 11175 Campus St, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
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Bernardes FP, Batista AT, Porto ML, Vasquez EC, Campagnaro BP, Meyrelles SS. Protective effect of sildenafil on the genotoxicity and cytotoxicity in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice bone marrow cells. Lipids Health Dis 2016; 15:100. [PMID: 27229150 PMCID: PMC4882816 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-016-0268-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pharmacological inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5), sildenafil, is a promising candidate for antioxidant therapy that can result in cardiovascular protection. In addition to its known effects on the cardiovascular system, hypercholesterolemia leads to increased oxidative stress and DNA damage in the bone marrow, which is a non-classical target organ of atherosclerosis. In the present study, we evaluate oxidative stress and assess the effect of genomic instability on cell cycle kinetics in atherosclerotic animals and determine if sildenafil reverses these detrimental effects in bone marrow cells. METHODS Experiments were performed in male wild-type (WT) and apolipoprotein E knockout mice (apoE(-/-)) (9 weeks of age). apoE(-/-) mice were randomly distributed into the following 2 groups: sildenafil-treated (40 mg/kg/day for 3 weeks, n = 8) and vehicle-treated (n = 8), by oral gavage. After treatment, bone marrow cells were isolated to assess the production of superoxide anions and hydrogen peroxide, determine cell cycle kinetics and evaluate the presence of micronucleated cells. RESULTS Sildenafil treatment reduced the cytoplasmic levels of superoxide anion (~95% decrease, p < 0.05) and decreased hydrogen peroxide (~30% decrease, p < 0.05). Moreover, we observed protective effects on the DNA of bone marrow cells, including normal cell cycling, decreased DNA fragmentation and a diminished frequency of micronucleated cells. CONCLUSION Our data reveal that the excessive production of ROS in atherosclerotic mice overcome the DNA repair pathways in bone marrow cells. The novelty of the present study is that the administration of sildenafil reduced ROS to baseline levels and, consequently, reverted the DNA damage and its outcomes in bone marrow cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franciane P Bernardes
- Laboratory of Translational Physiology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil
| | - Alan T Batista
- Laboratory of Translational Physiology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil
| | - Marcella L Porto
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology (IFES), Vila Velha, ES, Brazil
| | - Elisardo C Vasquez
- Laboratory of Translational Physiology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, Vila Velha University (UVV), Vila Velha, ES, Brazil
| | - Bianca P Campagnaro
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, Vila Velha University (UVV), Vila Velha, ES, Brazil
| | - Silvana S Meyrelles
- Laboratory of Translational Physiology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil.
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Luijten M, Olthof ED, Hakkert BC, Rorije E, van der Laan JW, Woutersen RA, van Benthem J. An integrative test strategy for cancer hazard identification. Crit Rev Toxicol 2016; 46:615-39. [PMID: 27142259 DOI: 10.3109/10408444.2016.1171294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Assessment of genotoxic and carcinogenic potential is considered one of the basic requirements when evaluating possible human health risks associated with exposure to chemicals. Test strategies currently in place focus primarily on identifying genotoxic potential due to the strong association between the accumulation of genetic damage and cancer. Using genotoxicity assays to predict carcinogenic potential has the significant drawback that risks from non-genotoxic carcinogens remain largely undetected unless carcinogenicity studies are performed. Furthermore, test systems already developed to reduce animal use are not easily accepted and implemented by either industries or regulators. This manuscript reviews the test methods for cancer hazard identification that have been adopted by the regulatory authorities, and discusses the most promising alternative methods that have been developed to date. Based on these findings, a generally applicable tiered test strategy is proposed that can be considered capable of detecting both genotoxic as well as non-genotoxic carcinogens and will improve understanding of the underlying mode of action. Finally, strengths and weaknesses of this new integrative test strategy for cancer hazard identification are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjam Luijten
- a Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) , Bilthoven , the Netherlands
| | - Evelyn D Olthof
- a Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) , Bilthoven , the Netherlands
| | - Betty C Hakkert
- b Centre for Safety of Substances and Products, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) , Bilthoven , the Netherlands
| | - Emiel Rorije
- b Centre for Safety of Substances and Products, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) , Bilthoven , the Netherlands
| | | | - Ruud A Woutersen
- d Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO) , Zeist , the Netherlands
| | - Jan van Benthem
- a Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) , Bilthoven , the Netherlands
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