1
|
Ma LL, Sun L, Wang YX, Sun BH, Li YF, Jin YL. Association between HO‑1 gene promoter polymorphisms and diseases (Review). Mol Med Rep 2021; 25:29. [PMID: 34841438 PMCID: PMC8669660 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Heme oxygenase‑1 (HO‑1) is an inducible cytoprotective enzyme that degrades heme into free iron, carbon monoxide and biliverdin, which is then rapidly converted into bilirubin. These degradation products serve an important role in the regulation of inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis. While the expression level of HO‑1 is typically low in most cells, it may be highly expressed when induced by a variety of stimulating factors, a process that contributes to the regulation of cell homeostasis. In the 5'‑non‑coding region of the HO‑1 gene, there are two polymorphic sites, namely the (GT)n dinucleotide and T(‑413)A single nucleotide polymorphism sites, which regulate the transcriptional activity of HO‑1. These polymorphisms have been shown to be closely associated with the occurrence and progression of numerous diseases, including cardiovascular, pulmonary, liver and kidney, various types of cancer and viral diseases. The present article reviews the progress that has been made in research on the association between the two types of polymorphisms and these diseases, which is expected to provide novel strategies for the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of various diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Lin Ma
- School of Medical Technology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, P.R. China
| | - Lei Sun
- School of Medical Technology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Xi Wang
- School of Medical Technology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, P.R. China
| | - Bai-He Sun
- School of Medical Technology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Fei Li
- School of Medical Technology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, P.R. China
| | - Yue-Ling Jin
- Management Department of Scientific Research, Shanghai Science and Technology Museum, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ibrahim A, Papin C, Mohideen-Abdul K, Le Gras S, Stoll I, Bronner C, Dimitrov S, Klaholz BP, Hamiche A. MeCP2 is a microsatellite binding protein that protects CA repeats from nucleosome invasion. Science 2021; 372:372/6549/eabd5581. [PMID: 34324427 DOI: 10.1126/science.abd5581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The Rett syndrome protein MeCP2 was described as a methyl-CpG-binding protein, but its exact function remains unknown. Here we show that mouse MeCP2 is a microsatellite binding protein that specifically recognizes hydroxymethylated CA repeats. Depletion of MeCP2 alters chromatin organization of CA repeats and lamina-associated domains and results in nucleosome accumulation on CA repeats and genome-wide transcriptional dysregulation. The structure of MeCP2 in complex with a hydroxymethylated CA repeat reveals a characteristic DNA shape, with considerably modified geometry at the 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, which is recognized specifically by Arg133, a key residue whose mutation causes Rett syndrome. Our work identifies MeCP2 as a microsatellite DNA binding protein that targets the 5hmC-modified CA-rich strand and maintains genome regions nucleosome-free, suggesting a role for MeCP2 dysfunction in Rett syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdulkhaleg Ibrahim
- Institute of Genetics and of Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC), 67400 Illkirch, France.,Department of Functional Genomics and Cancer, IGBMC, CNRS, INSERM, Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 7104, 67404 Illkirch, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U964, 67404 Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France.,Biotechnology Research Center (BTRC), 30303 Tripoli, Libya
| | - Christophe Papin
- Institute of Genetics and of Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC), 67400 Illkirch, France.,Department of Functional Genomics and Cancer, IGBMC, CNRS, INSERM, Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 7104, 67404 Illkirch, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U964, 67404 Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Kareem Mohideen-Abdul
- Institute of Genetics and of Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC), 67400 Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 7104, 67404 Illkirch, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U964, 67404 Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France.,Centre for Integrative Biology (CBI), Department of Integrated Structural Biology, IGBMC, CNRS, INSERM, Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Stéphanie Le Gras
- Institute of Genetics and of Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC), 67400 Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 7104, 67404 Illkirch, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U964, 67404 Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Isabelle Stoll
- Institute of Genetics and of Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC), 67400 Illkirch, France.,Department of Functional Genomics and Cancer, IGBMC, CNRS, INSERM, Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 7104, 67404 Illkirch, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U964, 67404 Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Christian Bronner
- Institute of Genetics and of Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC), 67400 Illkirch, France.,Department of Functional Genomics and Cancer, IGBMC, CNRS, INSERM, Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 7104, 67404 Illkirch, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U964, 67404 Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Stefan Dimitrov
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS UMR 5309, INSERM U1209, Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), Site Santé - Allée des Alpes, 38700 La Tronche, France. .,Roumen Tsanev Institute of Molecular Biology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria
| | - Bruno P Klaholz
- Institute of Genetics and of Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC), 67400 Illkirch, France. .,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 7104, 67404 Illkirch, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U964, 67404 Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France.,Centre for Integrative Biology (CBI), Department of Integrated Structural Biology, IGBMC, CNRS, INSERM, Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Ali Hamiche
- Institute of Genetics and of Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC), 67400 Illkirch, France. .,Department of Functional Genomics and Cancer, IGBMC, CNRS, INSERM, Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 7104, 67404 Illkirch, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U964, 67404 Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France.,Centre for Integrative Biology (CBI), Department of Integrated Structural Biology, IGBMC, CNRS, INSERM, Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France.,Center of Excellence in Bionanoscience Research, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ajjugal Y, Rathinavelan T. Sequence dependent influence of an A…A mismatch in a DNA duplex: An insight into the recognition by hZα ADAR1 protein. J Struct Biol 2020; 213:107678. [PMID: 33307177 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2020.107678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Base pair mismatches can erroneously be incorporated in the DNA. An adenine pairing with another adenine is one of the eight possible mismatches. The atomistic insights about the structure and dynamics of an A…A mismatch in a DNA (unbound form) is not yet accessible to any experimental technique. Earlier molecular dynamics (MD) simulations have shown that A…A mismatch in the midst of 5'CAG/3'GAC, 5'GAC/3'CAG and 5'CAA/3'GAT (underline represents the mismatch) are highly dynamic in nature. By employing MD simulation, the influence of an A…A mismatch in the midst of 5'GAA/3'CAT, 5'GAG/3'CAC, 5'AAC/3'TAG, 5'AAG/3'TAC, 5'TAA/3'AAT, 5'TAT/3'AAA and 5'AAT/3'TAA sequences have been investigated here. The results indicate that irrespective of the flanking sequences, the mismatch samples a variety of transient conformations, including a B-Z junction. Further, circular dichroism studies have been carried out to explore the ability of these sequences to bind with hZαADAR1 which specifically recognizes B-Z junction/Z-DNA. The results indicate that hZαADAR1 could not lead to a complete B to Z transition in the above sequences. Notably, a complete transition to Z-form has been reported earlier for 5'GAC/3'CAG upon titrating with hZαADAR1. Intriguingly, 5'AAC/3'TAG, 5'AAG/3'TAC and 5'GAA/3'CAT exhibit a B-Z junction formation rather than a complete transition to Z-form, similar to the situation of 5'CAA/3'GAT. These indicate that although A…A mismatch could induce a local B-Z junction transiently, hZαADAR1 requires the presence of a G…C/C…G base pair adjacent to the A…A mismatch for the binding. Additionally, the extent of B-Z junction has enhanced upon binding with hZαADAR1 in the presence of the A…A mismatch (specifically when CG, CA, AC, GA and AG steps occur), but not in the presence of the canonical base pairs. These confirm the inclination of A…A mismatch towards the B-Z junction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yogeeshwar Ajjugal
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi Campus, Telangana State 502285, India
| | - Thenmalarchelvi Rathinavelan
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi Campus, Telangana State 502285, India.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Seale AP, Malintha GHT, Celino-Brady FT, Head T, Belcaid M, Yamaguchi Y, Lerner DT, Baltzegar DA, Borski RJ, Stoytcheva ZR, Breves JP. Transcriptional regulation of prolactin in a euryhaline teleost: Characterisation of gene promoters through in silico and transcriptome analyses. J Neuroendocrinol 2020; 32:e12905. [PMID: 32996203 PMCID: PMC8612711 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The sensitivity of prolactin (Prl) cells of the Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) pituitary to variations in extracellular osmolality enables investigations into how osmoreception underlies patterns of hormone secretion. Through the actions of their main secretory products, Prl cells play a key role in supporting hydromineral balance of fishes by controlling the major osmoregulatory organs (ie, gill, intestine and kidney). The release of Prl from isolated cells of the rostral pars distalis (RPD) occurs in direct response to physiologically relevant reductions in extracellular osmolality. Although the particular signal transduction pathways that link osmotic conditions to Prl secretion have been identified, the processes that underlie hyposmotic induction of prl gene expression remain unknown. In this short review, we describe two distinct tilapia gene loci that encode Prl177 and Prl188 . From our in silico analyses of prl177 and prl188 promoter regions (approximately 1000 bp) and a transcriptome analysis of RPDs from fresh water (FW)- and seawater (SW)-acclimated tilapia, we propose a working model for how multiple transcription factors link osmoreceptive processes with adaptive patterns of prl177 and prl188 gene expression. We confirmed via RNA-sequencing and a quantitative polymerase chain reaction that multiple transcription factors emerging as predicted regulators of prl gene expression are expressed in the RPD of tilapia. In particular, gene transcripts encoding pou1f1, stat3, creb3l1, pbxip1a and stat1a were highly expressed; creb3l1, pbxip1a and stat1a were elevated in fish acclimated to SW vs FW. Combined, our in silico and transcriptome analyses set a path for resolving how adaptive patterns of Prl secretion are achieved via the integration of osmoreceptive processes with the control of prl gene transcription.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andre P. Seale
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | | | - Fritzie T. Celino-Brady
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Tony Head
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Mahdi Belcaid
- Hawai’i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, Kaneohe, HI, USA
| | - Yoko Yamaguchi
- Institute of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Academic Assembly, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan
| | - Darren T. Lerner
- University of Hawai’i Sea Grant College Program, University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - David A. Baltzegar
- Genomic Sciences Laboratory, Office of Research and Innovation, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Russell J. Borski
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Zoia R. Stoytcheva
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Jason P. Breves
- Department of Biology, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Dhar S, Datta A, Brosh RM. DNA helicases and their roles in cancer. DNA Repair (Amst) 2020; 96:102994. [PMID: 33137625 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2020.102994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
DNA helicases, known for their fundamentally important roles in genomic stability, are high profile players in cancer. Not only are there monogenic helicase disorders with a strong disposition to cancer, it is well appreciated that helicase variants are associated with specific cancers (e.g., breast cancer). Flipping the coin, DNA helicases are frequently overexpressed in cancerous tissues and reduction in helicase gene expression results in reduced proliferation and growth capacity, as well as DNA damage induction and apoptosis of cancer cells. The seminal roles of helicases in the DNA damage and replication stress responses, as well as DNA repair pathways, validate their vital importance in cancer biology and suggest their potential values as targets in anti-cancer therapy. In recent years, many laboratories have characterized the specialized roles of helicase to resolve transcription-replication conflicts, maintain telomeres, mediate cell cycle checkpoints, remodel stalled replication forks, and regulate transcription. In vivo models, particularly mice, have been used to interrogate helicase function and serve as a bridge for preclinical studies that may lead to novel therapeutic approaches. In this review, we will summarize our current knowledge of DNA helicases and their roles in cancer, emphasizing the latest developments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Srijita Dhar
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Arindam Datta
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Robert M Brosh
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Dynamic regulation of Z-DNA in the mouse prefrontal cortex by the RNA-editing enzyme Adar1 is required for fear extinction. Nat Neurosci 2020; 23:718-729. [PMID: 32367065 PMCID: PMC7269834 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-020-0627-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
DNA forms conformational states beyond the right-handed double-helix; however, the functional relevance of these non-canonical structures in the brain remains unknown. We show that, in the prefrontal cortex of mice, the formation of one such structure, Z-DNA, is involved in the regulation of extinction memory. Z-DNA is formed during fear learning, and reduced during extinction learning, which is mediated, in part, by a direct interaction between Z-DNA and the RNA editing enzyme Adar1. Adar1 binds to Z-DNA during fear extinction learning which leads to a reduction in Z-DNA at sites where Adar1 is recruited. Knockdown of Adar1 leads to an inability to modify a previously acquired fear memory and blocks activity-dependent changes in DNA structure and RNA state; effects that are fully rescued by the introduction of full-length Adar1. These findings suggest a novel mechanism of learning-induced gene regulation dependent on both proteins which recognize DNA structure, and the state.
Collapse
|
7
|
Vilander LM, Vaara ST, Donner KM, Lakkisto P, Kaunisto MA, Pettilä V. Heme oxygenase-1 repeat polymorphism in septic acute kidney injury. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217291. [PMID: 31120979 PMCID: PMC6532969 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a syndrome that frequently affects the critically ill. Recently, an increased number of dinucleotide repeats in the HMOX1 gene were reported to associate with development of AKI in cardiac surgery. We aimed to test the replicability of this finding in a Finnish cohort of critically ill septic patients. This multicenter study was part of the national FINNAKI study. We genotyped 300 patients with severe AKI (KDIGO 2 or 3) and 353 controls without AKI (KDIGO 0) for the guanine–thymine (GTn) repeat in the promoter region of the HMOX1 gene. The allele calling was based on the number of repeats, the cut off being 27 repeats in the S–L (short to long) classification, and 27 and 34 repeats for the S–M–L2 (short to medium to very long) classification. The plasma concentrations of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) enzyme were measured on admission. The allele distribution in our patients was similar to that published previously, with peaks at 23 and 30 repeats. The S-allele increases AKI risk. An adjusted OR was 1.30 for each S-allele in an additive genetic model (95% CI 1.01–1.66; p = 0.041). Alleles with a repeat number greater than 34 were significantly associated with lower HO-1 concentration (p<0.001). In septic patients, we report an association between a short repeat in HMOX1 and AKI risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura M. Vilander
- Division of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- * E-mail:
| | - Suvi T. Vaara
- Division of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kati M. Donner
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Päivi Lakkisto
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mari A. Kaunisto
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ville Pettilä
- Division of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Marshall PR, Bredy TW. Neuroepigenetic mechanisms underlying fear extinction: emerging concepts. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2019; 236:133-142. [PMID: 30506235 PMCID: PMC7293886 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-018-5084-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
An understanding of how memory is acquired and how it can be modified in fear-related anxiety disorders, with the enhancement of failing memories on one side and a reduction or elimination of traumatic memories on the other, is a key unmet challenge in the fields of neuroscience and neuropsychiatry. The latter process depends on an important form of learning called fear extinction, where a previously acquired fear-related memory is decoupled from its ability to control behaviour through repeated non-reinforced exposure to the original fear-inducing cue. Although simple in description, fear extinction relies on a complex pattern of brain region and cell-type specific processes, some of which are unique to this form of learning and, for better or worse, contribute to the inherent instability of fear extinction memory. Here, we explore an emerging layer of biology that may compliment and enrich the synapse-centric perspective of fear extinction. As opposed to the more classically defined role of protein synthesis in the formation of fear extinction memory, a neuroepigenetic view of the experience-dependent gene expression involves an appreciation of dynamic changes in the state of the entire cell: from a transient change in plasticity at the level of the synapse, to potentially more persistent long-term effects within the nucleus. A deeper understanding of neuroepigenetic mechanisms and how they influence the formation and maintenance of fear extinction memory has the potential to enable the development of more effective treatment approaches for fear-related neuropsychiatric conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul R Marshall
- Cognitive Neuroepigenetics Laboratory, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
| | - Timothy W Bredy
- Cognitive Neuroepigenetics Laboratory, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kazemi M, Khosravian F, Sameti AA, Moafi A, Merasi MR, Salehi M, Nejati M, Behjati M. Association between (GT)n Repeats in Heme Oxygenase-1 Gene Promoter and 3-Year Survival of Patients with Acute Leukemia: a Controlled, Cross-Sectional Study. Int J Hematol Oncol Stem Cell Res 2018; 12:49-56. [PMID: 29951178 PMCID: PMC6018253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Acute leukemia is a common pediatric cancer. Novel strategies for treatment of acute leukemia have been developed, but treatment resistance is remained as the most problematic issue. It is hypothesized that the HO-1 gene up-regulation is responsible for tumor resistance to chemotherapy or radiotherapy-induced apoptosis. The levels of HO-1 expression are related to (GT)n microsatellite polymorphisms in the location of its promoter. This study designed to compare allelic frequencies of (GT)n microsatellite polymorphisms in HO-1 gene between acute leukemia patients and healthy controls. Indeed, 3-year disease-free survival was also evaluated. Methods: Sixty-three patients with acute leukemia and seventy healthy infants were included in this study. We used the medical records of patients to collect information about survival after chemotherapy. The number of GT repeats in HO-1 promoter was determined by an ABI 3100 sequencer. Results: The HO-1 GT repeats ranged from 14 to 34 with peaks at 27 repeats in both cases and controls. Children with longer alleles ((GT)n ≥ 27) had enhanced 3-year survival rate after treatment with chemotherapy or radiotherapy (P<0.05). Conclusion: Although no significant differences were observed between leukemia patients and controls regarding allelic frequency, we found elevated frequency of "LL" genotype in leukemia patients with good prognosis and 3-year surveillance. Radiotherapy and chemotherapy might elevate the expression levels of HO-1 with subsequent increased resistance of leukemia patients to therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Kazemi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran,Pediatric Inherited Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran,Genome Medical Genetics Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Farinaz Khosravian
- Genome Medical Genetics Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Amir Abbas Sameti
- Isfahan Dental Student Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Alireza Moafi
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, School of Medicine, and Child Health Promotion Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Merasi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mansour Salehi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran,Pediatric Inherited Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran,Genome Medical Genetics Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Majid Nejati
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mohaddeseh Behjati
- Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gibbons SJ, Grover M, Choi KM, Wadhwa A, Zubair A, Wilson LA, Wu Y, Abell TL, Hasler WL, Koch KL, McCallum RW, Nguyen LAB, Parkman HP, Sarosiek I, Snape WJ, Tonascia J, Hamilton FA, Pasricha PJ, Farrugia G. Repeat polymorphisms in the Homo sapiens heme oxygenase-1 gene in diabetic and idiopathic gastroparesis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187772. [PMID: 29161307 PMCID: PMC5697813 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Idiopathic and diabetic gastroparesis in Homo sapiens cause significant morbidity. Etiology or risk factors have not been clearly identified. Failure to sustain elevated heme oxygenase-1 (HO1) expression is associated with delayed gastric emptying in diabetic mice and polymorphisms in the HO1 gene (HMOX1, NCBI Gene ID:3162) are associated with worse outcomes in other diseases. AIM Our hypothesis was that longer polyGT alleles are more common in the HMOX1 genes of individuals with gastroparesis than in controls without upper gastrointestinal motility disorders. METHODS Repeat length was determined in genomic DNA. Controls with diabetes (84 type 1, 84 type 2) and without diabetes (n = 170) were compared to diabetic gastroparetics (99 type 1, 72 type 2) and idiopathic gastroparetics (n = 234). Correlations of repeat lengths with clinical symptom sub-scores on the gastroparesis cardinal symptom index (GCSI) were done. Statistical analyses of short (<29), medium and long (>32) repeat alleles and differences in allele length were used to test for associations with gastroparesis. RESULTS The distribution of allele lengths was different between groups (P = 0.016). Allele lengths were longest in type 2 diabetics with gastroparesis (29.18±0.35, mean ± SEM) and longer in gastroparetics compared to non-diabetic controls (28.50±0.14 vs 27.64±0.20 GT repeats/allele, P = 0.0008). Type 2 diabetic controls had longer alleles than non-diabetic controls. In all gastroparetic groups, allele lengths were longer in African Americans compared to other racial groups, differences in the proportion of African Americans in the groups accounted for the differences between gastroparetics and controls. Diabetic gastroparetics with 1 or 2 long alleles had worse GCSI nausea sub-scores (3.30±0.23) as compared to those with 0 long alleles (2.66±0.12), P = 0.022. CONCLUSIONS Longer poly-GT repeats in the HMOX1 gene are more common in African Americans with gastroparesis. Nausea symptoms are worse in subjects with longer alleles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon J. Gibbons
- Mayo Clinic, Enteric NeuroScience Program, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Madhusudan Grover
- Mayo Clinic, Enteric NeuroScience Program, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Kyoung Moo Choi
- Mayo Clinic, Enteric NeuroScience Program, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Akhilesh Wadhwa
- Mayo Clinic, Enteric NeuroScience Program, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Adeel Zubair
- Mayo Clinic, Enteric NeuroScience Program, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Laura A. Wilson
- Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Yanhong Wu
- Mayo Clinic, Medical Genomics Program, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Thomas L. Abell
- University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - William L. Hasler
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Kenneth L. Koch
- Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | | | | | - Henry P. Parkman
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Irene Sarosiek
- Texas Tech University, El Paso, Texas, United States of America
| | - William J. Snape
- California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - James Tonascia
- Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Frank A. Hamilton
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Pankaj J. Pasricha
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Gianrico Farrugia
- Mayo Clinic, Enteric NeuroScience Program, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Papin C, Ibrahim A, Gras SL, Velt A, Stoll I, Jost B, Menoni H, Bronner C, Dimitrov S, Hamiche A. Combinatorial DNA methylation codes at repetitive elements. Genome Res 2017; 27:934-946. [PMID: 28348165 PMCID: PMC5453327 DOI: 10.1101/gr.213983.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
DNA methylation is an essential epigenetic modification, present in both unique DNA sequences and repetitive elements, but its exact function in repetitive elements remains obscure. Here, we describe the genome-wide comparative analysis of the 5mC, 5hmC, 5fC, and 5caC profiles of repetitive elements in mouse embryonic fibroblasts and mouse embryonic stem cells. We provide evidence for distinct and highly specific DNA methylation/oxidation patterns of the repetitive elements in both cell types, which mainly affect CA repeats and evolutionarily conserved mouse-specific transposable elements including IAP-LTRs, SINEs B1m/B2m, and L1Md-LINEs. DNA methylation controls the expression of these retroelements, which are clustered at specific locations in the mouse genome. We show that TDG is implicated in the regulation of their unique DNA methylation/oxidation signatures and their dynamics. Our data suggest the existence of a novel epigenetic code for the most recently acquired evolutionarily conserved repeats that could play a major role in cell differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Papin
- Département de Génomique Fonctionnelle et Cancer, Institut de Génétique et Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), UdS, CNRS, INSERM, Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Abdulkhaleg Ibrahim
- Département de Génomique Fonctionnelle et Cancer, Institut de Génétique et Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), UdS, CNRS, INSERM, Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Stéphanie Le Gras
- Département de Génomique Fonctionnelle et Cancer, Institut de Génétique et Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), UdS, CNRS, INSERM, Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Amandine Velt
- Département de Génomique Fonctionnelle et Cancer, Institut de Génétique et Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), UdS, CNRS, INSERM, Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Isabelle Stoll
- Département de Génomique Fonctionnelle et Cancer, Institut de Génétique et Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), UdS, CNRS, INSERM, Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Bernard Jost
- Département de Génomique Fonctionnelle et Cancer, Institut de Génétique et Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), UdS, CNRS, INSERM, Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Hervé Menoni
- Institut Albert Bonniot, Université de Grenoble Alpes /INSERM U1209/CNRS UMR 5309, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Christian Bronner
- Département de Génomique Fonctionnelle et Cancer, Institut de Génétique et Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), UdS, CNRS, INSERM, Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Stefan Dimitrov
- Institut Albert Bonniot, Université de Grenoble Alpes /INSERM U1209/CNRS UMR 5309, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Ali Hamiche
- Département de Génomique Fonctionnelle et Cancer, Institut de Génétique et Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), UdS, CNRS, INSERM, Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, France
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
Heme oxygenases are composed of two isozymes, Hmox1 and Hmox2, that catalyze the degradation of heme to carbon monoxide (CO), ferrous iron, and biliverdin, the latter of which is subsequently converted to bilirubin. While initially considered to be waste products, CO and biliverdin/bilirubin have been shown over the last 20 years to modulate key cellular processes, such as inflammation, cell proliferation, and apoptosis, as well as antioxidant defense. This shift in paradigm has led to the importance of heme oxygenases and their products in cell physiology now being well accepted. The identification of the two human cases thus far of heme oxygenase deficiency and the generation of mice deficient in Hmox1 or Hmox2 have reiterated a role for these enzymes in both normal cell function and disease pathogenesis, especially in the context of cardiovascular disease. This review covers the current knowledge on the function of both Hmox1 and Hmox2 at both a cellular and tissue level in the cardiovascular system. Initially, the roles of heme oxygenases in vascular health and the regulation of processes central to vascular diseases are outlined, followed by an evaluation of the role(s) of Hmox1 and Hmox2 in various diseases such as atherosclerosis, intimal hyperplasia, myocardial infarction, and angiogenesis. Finally, the therapeutic potential of heme oxygenases and their products are examined in a cardiovascular disease context, with a focus on how the knowledge we have gained on these enzymes may be capitalized in future clinical studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anita Ayer
- Vascular Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, Australia; and Nephrology Research and Training Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham Veterans Administration Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Abolfazl Zarjou
- Vascular Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, Australia; and Nephrology Research and Training Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham Veterans Administration Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Anupam Agarwal
- Vascular Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, Australia; and Nephrology Research and Training Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham Veterans Administration Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Roland Stocker
- Vascular Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, Australia; and Nephrology Research and Training Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham Veterans Administration Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Motovali-Bashi M, Hamidy M. Association between GT-repeat polymorphism at heme oxygenase-1 gene promoter and gastric cancer and metastasis. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:4757-62. [PMID: 25956277 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3125-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
HO-1 gene encodes heme oxygenase-1 enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of heme to carbon monoxide (CO). It has also been suggested that cells could be protected by the enzyme against stress. A (GT) n dinucleotide repeat at HO-1 promoter is a polymorphic region and modulates gene transcription and associated with some of diseases. In this study, length of polymorphism GT tandem repeat has been determined and classified into two alleles short (≤28) and long (≥29). In present study, association between GT-repeat polymorphism at heme oxygenase-1 gene promoter and increased risk of gastric cancer and metastasis was investigated. Blood samples from 100 control individuals and 60 gastric cancer cases had taken. Genotypic frequencies of (GT) n repeat for samples were determined using PCR technique and polyacrylamide PAGE electrophoresis. At final, higher frequency alleles were sequenced. Our results show that S-allele is significantly higher in cases in comparison with control groups (p = 0/000, odds ratio (OR) = 4/154). It has been shown that individuals with S/S and S/L genotypes are at high risk of having gastric cancer (p = 0/000, OR = 3/789). Statistic data show association between SS genotype and risk of gastric cancer metastasis (p = 0.017, OR = 3.889). But, there is no significant association between clinicopathological characteristics of the patients and risk of gastric cancer metastasis (p > 0.05). Significant association was found between short allele (SS + SL genotypes) and risk of gastric cancer, and also strong association was found between SS genotype and risk of gastric cancer metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Motovali-Bashi
- Genetic Division, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Islamic Republic of Iran,
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Hansson HH, Maretty L, Balle C, Goka BQ, Luzon E, Nkrumah FN, Schousboe ML, Rodrigues OP, Bygbjerg IC, Kurtzhals JAL, Alifrangis M, Hempel C. Polymorphisms in the Haem Oxygenase-1 promoter are not associated with severity of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Ghanaian children. Malar J 2015; 14:153. [PMID: 25888733 PMCID: PMC4396170 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-015-0668-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Haem oxygenase-1 (HO-1) catabolizes haem and has both cytotoxic and cytoprotective effects. Polymorphisms in the promoter of the Haem oxygenase-1 (HMOX1) gene encoding HO-1 have been associated with several diseases including severe malaria. The objective of this study was to determine the allele and genotype frequencies of two single nucleotide polymorphisms; A(−413)T and G(−1135)A, and a (GT)n repeat length polymorphism in the HMOX1 promoter in paediatric malaria patients and controls to determine possible associations with malaria disease severity. Methods Study participants were Ghanaian children (n=296) admitted to the emergency room at the Department of Child Health, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana during the malaria season from June to August in 1995, 1996 and 1997, classified as having uncomplicated malaria (n=101) or severe malaria (n=195; defined as severe anaemia (n=63) or cerebral malaria (n=132)). Furthermore, 287 individuals without a detectable Plasmodium infection or asymptomatic carriers of the parasite were enrolled as controls. Blood samples from participants were extracted for DNA and allele and genotype frequencies were determined with allele-specific PCR, restriction fragment length analysis and microsatellite analysis. Results The number of (GT)n repeats in the study participants varied between 21 and 46 with the majority of alleles having lengths of 26 (8.1%), 29/30 (13.2/17.9%) and 39/40 (8.0/13.8%) repeats, and was categorized into short, medium and long repeats. The (−413)T allele was very common (69.8%), while the (−1135)A allele was present in only 17.4% of the Ghanaian population. The G(−1135)A locus was excluded from further analysis after failing the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium test. No significant differences in allele or genotype distribution of the A(−413)T and (GT)n repeat polymorphisms were found between the controls and the malaria patients, or between the disease groups, for any of the analysed polymorphisms and no associations with malaria severity were found. Conclusion These results contribute to the understanding of the role of HMOX1/HO-1. This current study did not find any evidence of association between HMOX1 promoter polymorphisms and malaria susceptibility or severe malaria and hence contradicts previous findings. Further studies are needed to fully elucidate the relationship between HMOX1 polymorphisms and malarial disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helle H Hansson
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of Immunology & Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Østerfarimagsgade 5, Building 22-23, 1014, Copenhagen K., Denmark. .,Department of Clinical Microbiology and Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital (Rigshospitalet), Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Lasse Maretty
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of Immunology & Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Østerfarimagsgade 5, Building 22-23, 1014, Copenhagen K., Denmark. .,Department of Clinical Microbiology and Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital (Rigshospitalet), Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Christina Balle
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of Immunology & Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Østerfarimagsgade 5, Building 22-23, 1014, Copenhagen K., Denmark. .,Department of Clinical Microbiology and Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital (Rigshospitalet), Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Bamenla Q Goka
- Department of Child Health, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, PO Box KB 77, Korle Bu, Accra, Ghana.
| | - Elisa Luzon
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of Immunology & Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Østerfarimagsgade 5, Building 22-23, 1014, Copenhagen K., Denmark. .,Department of Clinical Microbiology and Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital (Rigshospitalet), Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Francis N Nkrumah
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, PO Box LG 581, Legon, Ghana.
| | - Mette L Schousboe
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of Immunology & Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Østerfarimagsgade 5, Building 22-23, 1014, Copenhagen K., Denmark. .,Department of Clinical Microbiology and Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital (Rigshospitalet), Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Onike P Rodrigues
- Department of Child Health, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, PO Box KB 77, Korle Bu, Accra, Ghana.
| | - Ib Christian Bygbjerg
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of Immunology & Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Østerfarimagsgade 5, Building 22-23, 1014, Copenhagen K., Denmark. .,Department of Clinical Microbiology and Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital (Rigshospitalet), Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Jørgen A L Kurtzhals
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of Immunology & Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Østerfarimagsgade 5, Building 22-23, 1014, Copenhagen K., Denmark. .,Department of Clinical Microbiology and Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital (Rigshospitalet), Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Michael Alifrangis
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of Immunology & Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Østerfarimagsgade 5, Building 22-23, 1014, Copenhagen K., Denmark. .,Department of Clinical Microbiology and Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital (Rigshospitalet), Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Casper Hempel
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of Immunology & Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Østerfarimagsgade 5, Building 22-23, 1014, Copenhagen K., Denmark. .,Department of Clinical Microbiology and Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital (Rigshospitalet), Copenhagen, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Chang PF, Lin YC, Liu K, Yeh SJ, Ni YH. Heme oxygenase-1 gene promoter polymorphism and the risk of pediatric nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Int J Obes (Lond) 2015; 39:1236-40. [PMID: 25835554 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2015.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Oxidative stress and the insulin-resistant state are thought to be key components in the pathogenesis of pediatric nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Heme oxygenase (HO) is important in the defense against oxidative stress. This study aimed to assess the association of HO-1 gene promoter polymorphism and insulin resistance with NAFLD among obese children. METHODS A total of 101 obese children aged 6-17 years were recruited. Anthropometric, serum biochemical variables and biomarkers for glucose and insulin metabolism were measured. We screened the allelic frequencies of (GT)n repeats in the HO-1 gene promoter among these obese children. NAFLD was determined through liver ultrasonography. Because the distribution of numbers of (GT)n repeats was bimodal, we divided the alleles into two classes: class S included shorter (27) repeats, and class L included longer (⩾27) repeats. We assessed the effects of the length of (GT)n repeats in HO-1 gene promoter on pediatric NAFLD. RESULTS Of the 101 obese subjects, 27 (26.7%) had NAFLD. The alanine aminotransferase level was higher in patients carrying L alleles (L/L and L/S) than patients with S alleles (S/S) (46.2±49.3 IU|(-1) versus 30.2±20.1 IU|(-1); P=0.027). The significant risk factors for pediatric NAFLD were patients carrying L alleles (L/L and L/S) (odds ratio (OR)=18.84; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.45-245.22; P=0.025), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (OR=1.40; 95% CI: 1.07-1.83; P=0.014) and age (OR=1.24; 95% CI: 1.03-1.50; P=0.025). CONCLUSION In this hospital-based study, the obese children with longer GT repeats in the HO-1 gene promoter and insulin resistance were susceptible to NAFLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P-F Chang
- 1] Department of Pediatrics, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Pan-Chiao, New Taipei, Taiwan [2] Department of Healthcare Administration, Oriental Institute of Technology, Pan-Chiao, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Y-C Lin
- 1] Department of Pediatrics, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Pan-Chiao, New Taipei, Taiwan [2] Department of Healthcare Administration, Oriental Institute of Technology, Pan-Chiao, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - K Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Pan-Chiao, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - S-J Yeh
- 1] Department of Pediatrics, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Pan-Chiao, New Taipei, Taiwan [2] Department of Healthcare Administration, Oriental Institute of Technology, Pan-Chiao, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Y-H Ni
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ramos-Leví AM, Marazuela M, Paniagua A, Quinteiro C, Riveiro J, Álvarez-Escolá C, Lúcas T, Blanco C, de Miguel P, Martínez de Icaya P, Pavón I, Bernabeu I. Analysis of IGF(CA)19 and IGFBP3-202A/C gene polymorphisms in patients with acromegaly: association with clinical presentation and response to treatments. Eur J Endocrinol 2015; 172:115-22. [PMID: 25385818 DOI: 10.1530/eje-14-0613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE IGF1 and IGFBP3 gene polymorphisms have been recently described. However, their potential role in the setting of acromegaly and its outcome is unknown. In this study, we analyze these polymorphisms in patients with acromegaly and investigate their association with clinical presentation and response to treatments. DESIGN A retrospective observational study was conducted in patients with acromegaly to analyze IGF1 and IGFBP3 gene polymorphisms. METHODS A total of 124 patients with acromegaly (57.3% women, mean age 44.9±13.1 years old) were followed up for a period of 11.4±8.0 years in eight tertiary referral hospitals in Spain. Clinical and analytical data were evaluated at baseline and after treatment. IGF1 and IGFBP3 gene polymorphisms were analyzed using PCR and specific primers. RESULTS Baseline laboratory test results were GH 19.3 (8.0-39.6) ng/ml, nadir GH 11.8 (4.1-21.5) ng/ml, and index IGF1 2.65±1.25 upper limit of normal. Regarding the IGF1 gene polymorphism, we did not find any association between the number of cyto-adenosine (CA) repeats and patients' baseline characteristics. Nevertheless, a trend for higher nadir GH values was observed in patients with <19 CA repeats. Regarding the IGFBP3 polymorphism, the absence of an A allele at the -202 position was associated with a higher baseline IGF1 and a higher prevalence of cancer and polyps. There were no differences in response to therapies according to the specific genotypes. CONCLUSIONS Polymorphisms in the IGF1 and IGFBP3 genes may not be invariably determinant of treatment outcome in acromegalic patients, but they may be associated with higher nadir GH levels or baseline IGF1, and determine a higher rate of colorectal polyps and cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Ramos-Leví
- Department of EndocrinologyInstituto de Investigación Princesa, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Diego de León 62, 28006, Madrid, SpainDepartment of EndocrinologyHospital Rey Juan Carlos, Calle Gladiolo s/n, Móstoles, 28933, Madrid, SpainFundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica (Unidad de Medicina Molecular)Department of Endocrinology, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Travesía da Choupana s/n, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, SpainDepartment of EndocrinologyHospital Santa Cristina, Calle del Maestro Amadeo Vives 2, 28009, Madrid, SpainDepartment of EndocrinologyInstituto de Investigación La Paz, Hospital La Paz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, P° de la Castellana 261, 28046, Madrid, SpainDepartment of EndocrinologyHM Hospital Universitario San Chinarro, C/Oña 10, 28050, Madrid, SpainDepartment of EndocrinologyHospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Universidad Alcalá de Henares, Carretera Alcalá-Meco s/n, Alcalá de Henares, 28805, Madrid, SpainDepartment of EndocrinologyInstituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, C/Isaac Peral s/n, 28040, Madrid, SpainDepartment of EndocrinologyHospital Universitario Severo Ochoa, Avd. de Orellana s/n, Leganés, 28911, Madrid, SpainDepartment of EndocrinologyHospital Universitario de Getafe, Crta. de Toledo km 12,500, Getafe, 28905, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica Marazuela
- Department of EndocrinologyInstituto de Investigación Princesa, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Diego de León 62, 28006, Madrid, SpainDepartment of EndocrinologyHospital Rey Juan Carlos, Calle Gladiolo s/n, Móstoles, 28933, Madrid, SpainFundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica (Unidad de Medicina Molecular)Department of Endocrinology, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Travesía da Choupana s/n, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, SpainDepartment of EndocrinologyHospital Santa Cristina, Calle del Maestro Amadeo Vives 2, 28009, Madrid, SpainDepartment of EndocrinologyInstituto de Investigación La Paz, Hospital La Paz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, P° de la Castellana 261, 28046, Madrid, SpainDepartment of EndocrinologyHM Hospital Universitario San Chinarro, C/Oña 10, 28050, Madrid, SpainDepartment of EndocrinologyHospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Universidad Alcalá de Henares, Carretera Alcalá-Meco s/n, Alcalá de Henares, 28805, Madrid, SpainDepartment of EndocrinologyInstituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, C/Isaac Peral s/n, 28040, Madrid, SpainDepartment of EndocrinologyHospital Universitario Severo Ochoa, Avd. de Orellana s/n, Leganés, 28911, Madrid, SpainDepartment of EndocrinologyHospital Universitario de Getafe, Crta. de Toledo km 12,500, Getafe, 28905, Madrid, Spain
| | - Amalia Paniagua
- Department of EndocrinologyInstituto de Investigación Princesa, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Diego de León 62, 28006, Madrid, SpainDepartment of EndocrinologyHospital Rey Juan Carlos, Calle Gladiolo s/n, Móstoles, 28933, Madrid, SpainFundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica (Unidad de Medicina Molecular)Department of Endocrinology, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Travesía da Choupana s/n, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, SpainDepartment of EndocrinologyHospital Santa Cristina, Calle del Maestro Amadeo Vives 2, 28009, Madrid, SpainDepartment of EndocrinologyInstituto de Investigación La Paz, Hospital La Paz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, P° de la Castellana 261, 28046, Madrid, SpainDepartment of EndocrinologyHM Hospital Universitario San Chinarro, C/Oña 10, 28050, Madrid, SpainDepartment of EndocrinologyHospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Universidad Alcalá de Henares, Carretera Alcalá-Meco s/n, Alcalá de Henares, 28805, Madrid, SpainDepartment of EndocrinologyInstituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, C/Isaac Peral s/n, 28040, Madrid, SpainDepartment of EndocrinologyHospital Universitario Severo Ochoa, Avd. de Orellana s/n, Leganés, 28911, Madrid, SpainDepartment of EndocrinologyHospital Universitario de Getafe, Crta. de Toledo km 12,500, Getafe, 28905, Madrid, Spain
| | - Celsa Quinteiro
- Department of EndocrinologyInstituto de Investigación Princesa, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Diego de León 62, 28006, Madrid, SpainDepartment of EndocrinologyHospital Rey Juan Carlos, Calle Gladiolo s/n, Móstoles, 28933, Madrid, SpainFundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica (Unidad de Medicina Molecular)Department of Endocrinology, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Travesía da Choupana s/n, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, SpainDepartment of EndocrinologyHospital Santa Cristina, Calle del Maestro Amadeo Vives 2, 28009, Madrid, SpainDepartment of EndocrinologyInstituto de Investigación La Paz, Hospital La Paz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, P° de la Castellana 261, 28046, Madrid, SpainDepartment of EndocrinologyHM Hospital Universitario San Chinarro, C/Oña 10, 28050, Madrid, SpainDepartment of EndocrinologyHospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Universidad Alcalá de Henares, Carretera Alcalá-Meco s/n, Alcalá de Henares, 28805, Madrid, SpainDepartment of EndocrinologyInstituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, C/Isaac Peral s/n, 28040, Madrid, SpainDepartment of EndocrinologyHospital Universitario Severo Ochoa, Avd. de Orellana s/n, Leganés, 28911, Madrid, SpainDepartment of EndocrinologyHospital Universitario de Getafe, Crta. de Toledo km 12,500, Getafe, 28905, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Riveiro
- Department of EndocrinologyInstituto de Investigación Princesa, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Diego de León 62, 28006, Madrid, SpainDepartment of EndocrinologyHospital Rey Juan Carlos, Calle Gladiolo s/n, Móstoles, 28933, Madrid, SpainFundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica (Unidad de Medicina Molecular)Department of Endocrinology, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Travesía da Choupana s/n, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, SpainDepartment of EndocrinologyHospital Santa Cristina, Calle del Maestro Amadeo Vives 2, 28009, Madrid, SpainDepartment of EndocrinologyInstituto de Investigación La Paz, Hospital La Paz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, P° de la Castellana 261, 28046, Madrid, SpainDepartment of EndocrinologyHM Hospital Universitario San Chinarro, C/Oña 10, 28050, Madrid, SpainDepartment of EndocrinologyHospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Universidad Alcalá de Henares, Carretera Alcalá-Meco s/n, Alcalá de Henares, 28805, Madrid, SpainDepartment of EndocrinologyInstituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, C/Isaac Peral s/n, 28040, Madrid, SpainDepartment of EndocrinologyHospital Universitario Severo Ochoa, Avd. de Orellana s/n, Leganés, 28911, Madrid, SpainDepartment of EndocrinologyHospital Universitario de Getafe, Crta. de Toledo km 12,500, Getafe, 28905, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Álvarez-Escolá
- Department of EndocrinologyInstituto de Investigación Princesa, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Diego de León 62, 28006, Madrid, SpainDepartment of EndocrinologyHospital Rey Juan Carlos, Calle Gladiolo s/n, Móstoles, 28933, Madrid, SpainFundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica (Unidad de Medicina Molecular)Department of Endocrinology, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Travesía da Choupana s/n, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, SpainDepartment of EndocrinologyHospital Santa Cristina, Calle del Maestro Amadeo Vives 2, 28009, Madrid, SpainDepartment of EndocrinologyInstituto de Investigación La Paz, Hospital La Paz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, P° de la Castellana 261, 28046, Madrid, SpainDepartment of EndocrinologyHM Hospital Universitario San Chinarro, C/Oña 10, 28050, Madrid, SpainDepartment of EndocrinologyHospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Universidad Alcalá de Henares, Carretera Alcalá-Meco s/n, Alcalá de Henares, 28805, Madrid, SpainDepartment of EndocrinologyInstituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, C/Isaac Peral s/n, 28040, Madrid, SpainDepartment of EndocrinologyHospital Universitario Severo Ochoa, Avd. de Orellana s/n, Leganés, 28911, Madrid, SpainDepartment of EndocrinologyHospital Universitario de Getafe, Crta. de Toledo km 12,500, Getafe, 28905, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tomás Lúcas
- Department of EndocrinologyInstituto de Investigación Princesa, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Diego de León 62, 28006, Madrid, SpainDepartment of EndocrinologyHospital Rey Juan Carlos, Calle Gladiolo s/n, Móstoles, 28933, Madrid, SpainFundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica (Unidad de Medicina Molecular)Department of Endocrinology, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Travesía da Choupana s/n, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, SpainDepartment of EndocrinologyHospital Santa Cristina, Calle del Maestro Amadeo Vives 2, 28009, Madrid, SpainDepartment of EndocrinologyInstituto de Investigación La Paz, Hospital La Paz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, P° de la Castellana 261, 28046, Madrid, SpainDepartment of EndocrinologyHM Hospital Universitario San Chinarro, C/Oña 10, 28050, Madrid, SpainDepartment of EndocrinologyHospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Universidad Alcalá de Henares, Carretera Alcalá-Meco s/n, Alcalá de Henares, 28805, Madrid, SpainDepartment of EndocrinologyInstituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, C/Isaac Peral s/n, 28040, Madrid, SpainDepartment of EndocrinologyHospital Universitario Severo Ochoa, Avd. de Orellana s/n, Leganés, 28911, Madrid, SpainDepartment of EndocrinologyHospital Universitario de Getafe, Crta. de Toledo km 12,500, Getafe, 28905, Madrid, Spain
| | - Concepción Blanco
- Department of EndocrinologyInstituto de Investigación Princesa, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Diego de León 62, 28006, Madrid, SpainDepartment of EndocrinologyHospital Rey Juan Carlos, Calle Gladiolo s/n, Móstoles, 28933, Madrid, SpainFundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica (Unidad de Medicina Molecular)Department of Endocrinology, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Travesía da Choupana s/n, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, SpainDepartment of EndocrinologyHospital Santa Cristina, Calle del Maestro Amadeo Vives 2, 28009, Madrid, SpainDepartment of EndocrinologyInstituto de Investigación La Paz, Hospital La Paz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, P° de la Castellana 261, 28046, Madrid, SpainDepartment of EndocrinologyHM Hospital Universitario San Chinarro, C/Oña 10, 28050, Madrid, SpainDepartment of EndocrinologyHospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Universidad Alcalá de Henares, Carretera Alcalá-Meco s/n, Alcalá de Henares, 28805, Madrid, SpainDepartment of EndocrinologyInstituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, C/Isaac Peral s/n, 28040, Madrid, SpainDepartment of EndocrinologyHospital Universitario Severo Ochoa, Avd. de Orellana s/n, Leganés, 28911, Madrid, SpainDepartment of EndocrinologyHospital Universitario de Getafe, Crta. de Toledo km 12,500, Getafe, 28905, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paz de Miguel
- Department of EndocrinologyInstituto de Investigación Princesa, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Diego de León 62, 28006, Madrid, SpainDepartment of EndocrinologyHospital Rey Juan Carlos, Calle Gladiolo s/n, Móstoles, 28933, Madrid, SpainFundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica (Unidad de Medicina Molecular)Department of Endocrinology, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Travesía da Choupana s/n, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, SpainDepartment of EndocrinologyHospital Santa Cristina, Calle del Maestro Amadeo Vives 2, 28009, Madrid, SpainDepartment of EndocrinologyInstituto de Investigación La Paz, Hospital La Paz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, P° de la Castellana 261, 28046, Madrid, SpainDepartment of EndocrinologyHM Hospital Universitario San Chinarro, C/Oña 10, 28050, Madrid, SpainDepartment of EndocrinologyHospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Universidad Alcalá de Henares, Carretera Alcalá-Meco s/n, Alcalá de Henares, 28805, Madrid, SpainDepartment of EndocrinologyInstituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, C/Isaac Peral s/n, 28040, Madrid, SpainDepartment of EndocrinologyHospital Universitario Severo Ochoa, Avd. de Orellana s/n, Leganés, 28911, Madrid, SpainDepartment of EndocrinologyHospital Universitario de Getafe, Crta. de Toledo km 12,500, Getafe, 28905, Madrid, Spain
| | - Purificación Martínez de Icaya
- Department of EndocrinologyInstituto de Investigación Princesa, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Diego de León 62, 28006, Madrid, SpainDepartment of EndocrinologyHospital Rey Juan Carlos, Calle Gladiolo s/n, Móstoles, 28933, Madrid, SpainFundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica (Unidad de Medicina Molecular)Department of Endocrinology, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Travesía da Choupana s/n, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, SpainDepartment of EndocrinologyHospital Santa Cristina, Calle del Maestro Amadeo Vives 2, 28009, Madrid, SpainDepartment of EndocrinologyInstituto de Investigación La Paz, Hospital La Paz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, P° de la Castellana 261, 28046, Madrid, SpainDepartment of EndocrinologyHM Hospital Universitario San Chinarro, C/Oña 10, 28050, Madrid, SpainDepartment of EndocrinologyHospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Universidad Alcalá de Henares, Carretera Alcalá-Meco s/n, Alcalá de Henares, 28805, Madrid, SpainDepartment of EndocrinologyInstituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, C/Isaac Peral s/n, 28040, Madrid, SpainDepartment of EndocrinologyHospital Universitario Severo Ochoa, Avd. de Orellana s/n, Leganés, 28911, Madrid, SpainDepartment of EndocrinologyHospital Universitario de Getafe, Crta. de Toledo km 12,500, Getafe, 28905, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Pavón
- Department of EndocrinologyInstituto de Investigación Princesa, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Diego de León 62, 28006, Madrid, SpainDepartment of EndocrinologyHospital Rey Juan Carlos, Calle Gladiolo s/n, Móstoles, 28933, Madrid, SpainFundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica (Unidad de Medicina Molecular)Department of Endocrinology, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Travesía da Choupana s/n, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, SpainDepartment of EndocrinologyHospital Santa Cristina, Calle del Maestro Amadeo Vives 2, 28009, Madrid, SpainDepartment of EndocrinologyInstituto de Investigación La Paz, Hospital La Paz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, P° de la Castellana 261, 28046, Madrid, SpainDepartment of EndocrinologyHM Hospital Universitario San Chinarro, C/Oña 10, 28050, Madrid, SpainDepartment of EndocrinologyHospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Universidad Alcalá de Henares, Carretera Alcalá-Meco s/n, Alcalá de Henares, 28805, Madrid, SpainDepartment of EndocrinologyInstituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, C/Isaac Peral s/n, 28040, Madrid, SpainDepartment of EndocrinologyHospital Universitario Severo Ochoa, Avd. de Orellana s/n, Leganés, 28911, Madrid, SpainDepartment of EndocrinologyHospital Universitario de Getafe, Crta. de Toledo km 12,500, Getafe, 28905, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Bernabeu
- Department of EndocrinologyInstituto de Investigación Princesa, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Diego de León 62, 28006, Madrid, SpainDepartment of EndocrinologyHospital Rey Juan Carlos, Calle Gladiolo s/n, Móstoles, 28933, Madrid, SpainFundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica (Unidad de Medicina Molecular)Department of Endocrinology, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Travesía da Choupana s/n, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, SpainDepartment of EndocrinologyHospital Santa Cristina, Calle del Maestro Amadeo Vives 2, 28009, Madrid, SpainDepartment of EndocrinologyInstituto de Investigación La Paz, Hospital La Paz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, P° de la Castellana 261, 28046, Madrid, SpainDepartment of EndocrinologyHM Hospital Universitario San Chinarro, C/Oña 10, 28050, Madrid, SpainDepartment of EndocrinologyHospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Universidad Alcalá de Henares, Carretera Alcalá-Meco s/n, Alcalá de Henares, 28805, Madrid, SpainDepartment of EndocrinologyInstituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, C/Isaac Peral s/n, 28040, Madrid, SpainDepartment of EndocrinologyHospital Universitario Severo Ochoa, Avd. de Orellana s/n, Leganés, 28911, Madrid, SpainDepartment of EndocrinologyHospital Universitario de Getafe, Crta. de Toledo km 12,500, Getafe, 28905, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ayuso P, Martínez C, Pastor P, Lorenzo-Betancor O, Luengo A, Jiménez-Jiménez FJ, Alonso-Navarro H, Agúndez JAG, García-Martín E. An association study between Heme oxygenase-1 genetic variants and Parkinson's disease. Front Cell Neurosci 2014; 8:298. [PMID: 25309329 PMCID: PMC4173932 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) supplies brain tissues with nutrients, filters harmful compounds from the brain back to the bloodstream, and plays a key role in iron homeostasis in the human brain. Disruptions of the BBB are associated with several neurodegenerative conditions including Parkinson's disease (PD). Oxidative stress, iron deposition and mitochondrial impaired function are considered as risk factors for degeneration of the central nervous system. Heme oxygenase (HMOX) degrades heme ring to biliverdin, free ferrous iron and carbon monoxide being the rate-limiting activity in heme catabolism. The isoform HMOX1 is highly inducible in response to reactive oxygen species, which induce an increase in BBB permeability and impair its pathophysiology. Consequently, an over- expression of this enzyme may contribute to the marked iron deposition found in PD. We analyzed the HMOX1 SNPs rs2071746, rs2071747, and rs9282702, a microsatellite (GT)n polymorphism and copy number variations in 691 patients suffering from PD and 766 healthy control individuals. Copy number variations in the HMOX1 gene exist, but these do not seem to be associated with PD risk. In contrast two polymorphisms that modify the transcriptional activity of the gene, namely a VNTR (GT)n and the SNP rs2071746, are strongly associated with PD risk, particularly with the classic PD phenotype and with early onset of the disease. This study indicates that HMOX1 gene variants are associated to the risk of developing some forms of PD, thus adding new information that supports association of HMOX gene variations with PD risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Ayuso
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Genetic, University of Extremadura Cáceres, Spain ; Redes Temáticas de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud (RIRAAF/RETICS), Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Martínez
- Redes Temáticas de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud (RIRAAF/RETICS), Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid, Spain ; Department of Pharmacology, University of Extremadura Cáceres, Spain
| | - Pau Pastor
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Division of Neurosciences, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra Pamplona, Spain ; Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra Pamplona, Spain ; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid, Spain
| | - Oswaldo Lorenzo-Betancor
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Division of Neurosciences, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra Pamplona, Spain ; Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra Pamplona, Spain
| | - Antonio Luengo
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Extremadura Cáceres, Spain
| | | | | | - José A G Agúndez
- Redes Temáticas de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud (RIRAAF/RETICS), Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid, Spain ; Department of Pharmacology, University of Extremadura Cáceres, Spain
| | - Elena García-Martín
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Genetic, University of Extremadura Cáceres, Spain ; Redes Temáticas de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud (RIRAAF/RETICS), Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Gomez L, Wigg K, Zhang K, Lopez L, Sandor P, Malone M, Barr CL. Association of the KCNJ5 gene with Tourette Syndrome and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2014; 13:535-42. [PMID: 24840790 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Revised: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Linkage and association of Tourette Syndrome (TS) and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) have previously been reported in the 11q24 chromosomal region. To identify the risk gene within the region we studied the potassium inwardly-rectifying channel J5 (KCNJ5) gene in a sample of 170 nuclear families with TS. We genotyped eight markers across the gene and observed biased transmission of haplotypes from parents to probands in this sample. We then tested these markers in an independent sample of 242 nuclear families with ADHD and found the same haplotype was significantly over transmitted to ADHD probands. Screening of the coding region of KCNJ5 in 48 probands with TS did not identify any variation that could explain the association of the haplotype. We also genotyped two microsatellite markers, one in the promoter and the other in the 3' region and found no evidence for association for either marker for TS, however, we found significant evidence for association with the 3' repeat and ADHD. A small gene (c11orf45) of unknown function lies within the first intron of KCNJ5 that is transcribed in the opposite orientation and this gene may regulate the expression of KCNJ5. We studied the correlation of the expression of KCNJ5 and the antisense transcript in brain tissues from control individuals and found that the antisense transcript and the short KCNJ5 isoform are co-expressed in three brain regions. The results of this study indicate that KCNJ5 is associated with TS and ADHD in our samples, however, the functional variant(s) remain to be identified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Gomez
- Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Giavoli C, Profka E, Sala E, Filopanti M, Barbieri AM, Bergamaschi S, Ferrante E, Arosio M, Ambrosi B, Lania AG, Spada A, Beck-Peccoz P. Impact of IGF(CA)19 gene polymorphism on the metabolic response to GH therapy in adult GH-deficient patients. Eur J Endocrinol 2014; 170:273-81. [PMID: 24217936 DOI: 10.1530/eje-13-0600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A polymorphism in the promoter region of the IGF1 gene has been linked to serum IGF1 levels, risk of diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases with conflicting results. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of this polymorphism on the short-term (1 year, n=98) and long-term (5 years, n=50) metabolic response to recombinant human GH (rhGH) in GH-deficient (GHD) adults. DESIGN AND METHODS Prospective study on GHD adults. Different genotypes were studied by microsatellite method. According to the most frequent 192 bp allele (19 cytosine-adenosine-repeats), subjects were divided into homozygous (19/19), heterozygous (19/X), and noncarriers (X/X). RESULTS Basal characteristics of patients as well as their response to rhGH in terms of decrease in body fat percentage and increase in IGF1 levels were not different in the three genotype-groups. Conversely, after 1-year rhGH, a significant worsening of insulin sensitivity (i.e. increase in fasting glucose levels and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance) and a significant improvement in lipid profile (i.e. reduction in total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol) were recorded only in homozygous subjects. In the long-term, insulin sensitivity was restored in all the patients, while a significant improvement in lipid profile was observed in homozygous and heterozygous subjects, but not in noncarrier subjects. No difference in rhGH dose among groups was recorded throughout the study. CONCLUSIONS In GHD adults, the presence of the WT allele in the IGF1 gene promoter may enhance sensitivity to either negative or positive metabolic changes induced by rhGH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Giavoli
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Alternative 5' untranslated regions are involved in expression regulation of human heme oxygenase-1. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77224. [PMID: 24098580 PMCID: PMC3788786 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The single nucleotide polymorphism rs2071746 and a (GT)n microsatellite within the human gene encoding heme oxygenase-1 (HMOX1) are associated with incidence or outcome in a variety of diseases. Most of these associations involve either release of heme or oxidative stress. Both polymorphisms are localized in the promoter region, but previously reported correlations with heme oxygenase-1 expression remain not coherent. This ambiguity suggests a more complex organization of the 5’ gene region which we sought to investigate more fully. We evaluated the 5‘ end of HMOX1 and found a novel first exon 1a placing the two previously reported polymorphisms in intronic or exonic positions within the 5’ untranslated region respectively. Expression of exon 1a can be induced in HepG2 hepatoma cells by hemin and is a repressor of heme oxygenase-1 translation as shown by luciferase reporter assays. Moreover, minigene approaches revealed that the quantitative outcome of alternative splicing within the 5’ untranslated region is affected by the (GT)n microsatellite. This data supporting an extended HMOX1 gene model and provide further insights into expression regulation of heme oxygenase-1. Alternative splicing within the HMOX1 5' untranslated region contributes to translational regulation and is a mechanistic feature involved in the interplay between genetic variations, heme oxygenase-1 expression and disease outcome.
Collapse
|
21
|
Microsatellite polymorphism in the heme oxygenase-1 gene promoter and the risk of psoriasis in Taiwanese. Arch Dermatol Res 2012; 304:739-44. [PMID: 22965812 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-012-1289-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Revised: 08/02/2012] [Accepted: 08/29/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic disease characterized by inflammation of the skin. The expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), the rate-limiting enzyme involved in heme degradation, correlates well with the severity of psoriasis, and is a heritable trait. This study aimed to assess the role of (GT)(n) dinucleotide repeat polymorphisms in the promoter region of the HO-1 gene in Chinese-Taiwanese patients with psoriasis. In total, 288 patients with psoriasis and 542 control subjects were analyzed for the presence of the HO-1 microsatellite polymorphism by using polymerase chain reaction. The alleles were classified as the S and L alleles according to the number of (GT)(n) repeats, with the alleles with ≤26 repeats designated as S and alleles with ≥27 repeats designated as L alleles. The subjects were then classified as having S/S, S/L, or L/L genotypes according to each of their HO-1 alleles. No significant difference was observed in either the genotype or allele distribution between the patients and healthy controls. However, the average number of repeats of both alleles in psoriasis patients with late disease onset was lower than that of psoriasis patients with early disease onset (26.7 ± 3.2 vs. 27.5 ± 3.4; P = 0.043, adjusted for age and sex), but the difference was not significant after additional adjustment for body mass index, smoking, diabetes, and hypertension (P = 0.189). Our results suggest that the HO-1 microsatellite polymorphism may not contribute to the genetic background of psoriasis in Chinese-Taiwanese patients.
Collapse
|
22
|
Gemayel R, Cho J, Boeynaems S, Verstrepen KJ. Beyond junk-variable tandem repeats as facilitators of rapid evolution of regulatory and coding sequences. Genes (Basel) 2012; 3:461-80. [PMID: 24704980 PMCID: PMC3899988 DOI: 10.3390/genes3030461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2012] [Revised: 07/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Copy Number Variations (CNVs) and Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) have been the major focus of most large-scale comparative genomics studies to date. Here, we discuss a third, largely ignored, type of genetic variation, namely changes in tandem repeat number. Historically, tandem repeats have been designated as non functional “junk” DNA, mostly as a result of their highly unstable nature. With the exception of tandem repeats involved in human neurodegenerative diseases, repeat variation was often believed to be neutral with no phenotypic consequences. Recent studies, however, have shown that as many as 10% to 20% of coding and regulatory sequences in eukaryotes contain an unstable repeat tract. Contrary to initial suggestions, tandem repeat variation can have useful phenotypic consequences. Examples include rapid variation in microbial cell surface, tuning of internal molecular clocks in flies and the dynamic morphological plasticity in mammals. As such, tandem repeats can be useful functional elements that facilitate evolvability and rapid adaptation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rita Gemayel
- Laboratory for Systems Biology, VIB, Gaston Geenslaan 1, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium.
| | - Janice Cho
- Laboratory for Systems Biology, VIB, Gaston Geenslaan 1, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium.
| | - Steven Boeynaems
- Laboratory for Systems Biology, VIB, Gaston Geenslaan 1, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium.
| | - Kevin J Verstrepen
- Laboratory for Systems Biology, VIB, Gaston Geenslaan 1, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Featherstone K, White MRH, Davis JRE. The prolactin gene: a paradigm of tissue-specific gene regulation with complex temporal transcription dynamics. J Neuroendocrinol 2012; 24:977-90. [PMID: 22420298 PMCID: PMC3505372 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2826.2012.02310.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Transcription of numerous mammalian genes is highly pulsatile, with bursts of expression occurring with variable duration and frequency. The presence of this stochastic or 'noisy' expression pattern has been relatively unexplored in tissue systems. The prolactin gene provides a model of tissue-specific gene regulation resulting in pulsatile transcription dynamics in both cell lines and endocrine tissues. In most cell culture models, prolactin transcription appears to be highly variable between cells, with differences in transcription pulse duration and frequency. This apparently stochastic transcription is constrained by a transcriptional refractory period, which may be related to cycles of chromatin remodelling. We propose that prolactin transcription dynamics result from the summation of oscillatory cellular inputs and by regulation through chromatin remodelling cycles. Observations of transcription dynamics in cells within pituitary tissue show reduced transcriptional heterogeneity and can be grouped into a small number of distinct patterns. Thus, it appears that the tissue environment is able to reduce transcriptional noise to enable coordinated tissue responses to environmental change. We review the current knowledge on the complex tissue-specific regulation of the prolactin gene in pituitary and extra-pituitary sites, highlighting differences between humans and rodent experimental animal models. Within this context, we describe the transcription dynamics of prolactin gene expression and how this may relate to specific processes occurring within the cell.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Featherstone
- Developmental Biomedicine Research Group, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Promoter microsatellites as modulators of human gene expression. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2012; 769:41-54. [PMID: 23560304 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-5434-2_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Microsatellites in and around genes have been shown to modulate levels of gene expression in multiple organisms, ranging from bacteria to humans. Here we will discuss promoter microsatellites known to modulate gene expression, with a few key examples related to the human brain. Many of the microsatellites we discuss are highly conserved in mammals, indicating that selection may favor their retention as "tuning knobs" of gene expression. We will also discuss the mechanisms by which microsatellites in promoters can alter gene expression as they expand and contract, with particular attention to secondary structures like Z-DNA and H-DNA. We suggest that promoter microsatellites, especially those that are highly conserved, may be an important source of human phenotypic variation.
Collapse
|
25
|
Bagu ET, Santos MM. Friend of GATA suppresses the GATA-induced transcription of hepcidin in hepatocytes through a GATA-regulatory element in the HAMP promoter. J Mol Endocrinol 2011; 47:299-313. [PMID: 21971825 PMCID: PMC3307792 DOI: 10.1530/jme-11-0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Hepcidin is an antimicrobial peptide hormone involved in the metabolism of iron, encoded for by the HAMP gene mainly in hepatocytes. It's expressed at lower levels in other cells such as the macrophages. The mechanisms that determine tissue-specific expression of hepcidin remain unclear. GATA- and its co-factor Friend of GATA (FOG) modulate the tissue-specific transcription of other genes involved in the metabolism of iron. GATA proteins are group of evolutionary conserved transcriptional regulators that bind to the consensus motif -WGATAR- in the promoter. We characterized a 1.3 kb fragment of the 5'-flanking sequence of the HAMP gene in Huh7 cells, which express HAMP. Transfection of 5'-deletions of the HAMP promoter in Huh7 cells revealed two regions, -932/-878 and -155/-96, that when deleted decreased promoter activity. Using site-directed mutations in the HAMP promoter region -155/-96 we identified two subregions, -138/-125 and -103/-98, which when mutated suppressed promoter activity by 70 and 90% respectively. Site -103/-98 with a sequence -TTATCT- to which endogenous GATA proteins 4 and 6 bind and transactivate HAMP is a GATA-regulatory element (RE). Mutation of the GATA-RE abrogated binding of GATA proteins 4 and 6 to the promoter and blunted the GATA transactivation of HAMP. FOG proteins 1 and 2 suppressed the endogenous and exogenous GATA activation of the HAMP promoter. We concluded that the GATA-RE, -TTATCT- in the HAMP promoter region -103/-98 is crucial for the GATA-4 and GATA-6 driven transcription of hepcidin in Huh7 cells and that FOG proteins moderate the transcription by suppressing the GATA transactivation of HAMP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edward T Bagu
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM) and Institut du cancer de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Arredondo M, Fuentes M, Jorquera D, Candia V, Carrasco E, Leiva E, Mujica V, Hertrampf E, Pérez F. Cross-talk between body iron stores and diabetes: iron stores are associated with activity and microsatellite polymorphism of the heme oxygenase and type 2 diabetes. Biol Trace Elem Res 2011; 143:625-36. [PMID: 21080099 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-010-8895-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2010] [Accepted: 10/27/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
To assess the relationship between the length of (GT)n repeats in HO-1 gene promoter and heme oxygenase (HO) enzymatic activity in mononuclear cells with iron (Fe) stores in type 2 diabetic mellitus (DM2) patients and metabolic syndrome (MS) subjects, we studied 163 patients with DM2, 185 with MS, and 120 controls subjects. We evaluated iron status (hemoglobin and serum Fe, ferritin, and transferrin receptor), and we determined the length of (GT)n repeats in HO-1 gene promoter by capillary electrophoresis and HO enzymatic activity in mononuclear cells and assessed the relationship between these results and Fe stores. Only 1/163, 6/185, and 7/120 had iron deficiency anemia in DM2 patients, MS subjects, and controls, respectively. No iron overload (ferritin>200 μg/L) was detected in all the subjects studied. DM2 patients had higher iron deposits, total body iron, and heme oxygenase activity (a suggestion of high oxidative stress condition) than MS subjects and controls. In DM2, we found a positive association between serum iron and HO activity. There were no difference in allelic frequency between the three groups; however, among DM2 and MS patients, the frequency of short/medium (SM) genotype of (GT)n repetition was increased and medium/medium (MM) genotype of (GT)n repetition was lower than controls. These results imply that DM2 patients and individuals with MS carrying SM repeats might have higher susceptibility to develop diabetes consequences. This increased susceptibility could be Fe-mediated oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Arredondo
- Micronutrient Laboratory, Nutrition Institute and Food Technology (INTA), Department of Medicine, Medicine Faculty, University of Chile, El Líbano 5524, Macul, Santiago, Chile.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Association between heme oxygenase-1 gene promoter polymorphisms and metabolic syndrome in Iranians. Mol Biol Rep 2011; 39:3355-60. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-011-1105-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2011] [Accepted: 06/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
28
|
Mora M, Perales MJ, Serra-Prat M, Palomera E, Buquet X, Oriola J, Puig-Domingo M. Aging phenotype and its relationship with IGF-I gene promoter polymorphisms in elderly people living in Catalonia. Growth Horm IGF Res 2011; 21:174-180. [PMID: 21658593 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2011.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2010] [Revised: 03/08/2011] [Accepted: 03/27/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Genetic variations in the Insulin/IGF-I genes pathway have been related to longevity, dementia, metabolic diseases and cancer. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the 192 bp allele of IGF-I gene promoter and its relationship with metabolic syndrome (MS) components, mental and nutritional state, muscle strength and functional capacity in an aged Spanish population. DESIGN Population-based study (Mataró Ageing Study), including 292 subjects (144 men and 148 women, mean age 77.0±5.4). Anthropometric variables, lipid profile, glucose and blood pressure (BP) were measured; mental state (MMSE), nutritional state (MNA) and Barthel scale were performed, and were correlated to the presence of the 192 bp allele of IGF-1 gene promoter polymorphisms. RESULTS MS (ATP-III criteria) was found in 49.5% (41.4% in men and 57.6% in women). The 192 bp allele of IGF-I gene promoter was distributed as: 41.9% homozygous, 44.3% heterozygous and 13.9% were non-carriers of this allele. A lower prevalence of metabolic syndrome was observed in homozygous (41.9% vs 54.9% in heterozygous+non-carriers, p=0.031). Mental state (MMSE), nutritional state (MNA) and Barthel scale were better in homozygous individuals compared to heterozygous and non-carriers (p=0.015, p=0.026 and 0.047, respectively). In men, MNA was better in homozygous with no differences in MMSE and Barthel scales. In homozygous women, BP was lower (p=0.009) and Barthel scale was better (p=0.05) with no differences in MMSE and MNA. CONCLUSION Homozygosity for the 192 bp allele of the IGF-I gene polymorphism suggests a healthier aging condition, with less prevalence of cardiometabolic disturbances, and better mental, nutritional and functional state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mireia Mora
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clínic i Universitari of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Vashist YK, Uzungolu G, Kutup A, Gebauer F, Koenig A, Deutsch L, Zehler O, Busch P, Kalinin V, Izbicki JR, Yekebas EF. Heme oxygenase-1 germ line GTn promoter polymorphism is an independent prognosticator of tumor recurrence and survival in pancreatic cancer. J Surg Oncol 2011; 104:305-11. [PMID: 21495030 DOI: 10.1002/jso.21926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2010] [Accepted: 03/11/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) correlates with aggressive tumor behavior and chemotherapy resistance in pancreatic cancer (PC). We evaluated the prognostic value of the basal transcription controlling germ line GTn repeat polymorphism (GTn) in the promoter region of the HO-1 gene in PC. PATIENTS AND METHODS We determined the GTn in 100 controls and 150 PC patients. DNA was extracted from blood leukocytes and GTn determined by PCR, electrophoresis, and sequencing. Clinicopathological parameters, disease-free, and overall survival (DFS, OS) were correlated with GTn. RESULTS Three genotypes were defined based on short (S) <25 and long (L) ≥25 GTn repeat alleles. In PC patients, a steadily increasing risk was evident between LL, SL, and SS genotype patients for larger tumor size, presence of lymph node metastasis, poor tumor differentiation and higher recurrence rate (P < 0.001 each). The SS genotype displayed the most aggressive tumor biology. The LL genotype had the best and the SS genotype the worst DFS and OS (P < 0.001 each). The GTn genotype was the strongest prognostic factor for recurrence and survival (P < 0.001 each). CONCLUSION The GTn repeat polymorphism is a strong prognostic marker for recurrence and survival in PC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh K Vashist
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Katana E, Skoura L, Giakoustidis D, Takoudas D, Malisiovas N, Daniilidis M. Association between the heme oxygenase-1 promoter polymorphism and renal transplantation outcome in Greece. Transplant Proc 2011; 42:2479-85. [PMID: 20832528 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2010.05.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2010] [Accepted: 05/19/2010] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is the enzyme that catabolizes heme into carbon monoxide, biliverdin, and free iron. The induction of this enzyme is an important cytoprotective mechanism, which occurs as an adaptive and beneficial response to a wide variety of oxidant stimuli. HO-1 has recently been suggested to protect transplants from ischemia/reperfusion and immunologic injury. HO-1 inducibility is mainly modulated by a (GT)(n) repeat polymorphism in the promoter region, and has been shown that short repeats (S) are associated with greater upregulation of HO-1, compared with long repeats (L). In the present study we investigated the influence of this HO-1 gene polymorphism on clinical outcome after transplantation and on renal transplant function. METHODS DNA from 175 donor/recipient pairs who underwent transplantation between October 2002 and June 2007 was genotyped. We divided the HO-1 alleles into 2 subclasses, the S ≤ 27 repeats and L > 27 repeats. RESULTS There has been significant relevance between the genotype of the donor and the outcome of the graft, as far as recipients with normal graft function and recipients with deteriorated graft function are concerned (P = .021). In patients with normal graft function, grafts from L-homozygotes were found in 24%, whereas in patients with deteriorated function, grafts from L-homozygotes exhibited in higher rate (50%). Neither the donor's nor the recipient's polymorphism influenced the graft survival (log-rank test P = .228 for the donors and log-rank test P = 0.844 for the recipients). There was no evidence of a gene-dose effect on graft survival (P = .469). Recipients of allografts from S-carriers donors had significantly lower serum creatinine levels at 24 months compared with recipients of allografts from L-homozygotes donors (P = .016).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Katana
- Department of Genetics, Development, and Molecular Biology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Gemayel R, Vinces MD, Legendre M, Verstrepen KJ. Variable tandem repeats accelerate evolution of coding and regulatory sequences. Annu Rev Genet 2011; 44:445-77. [PMID: 20809801 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genet-072610-155046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 390] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Genotype-to-phenotype mapping commonly focuses on two major classes of mutations: single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and copy number variation (CNV). Here, we discuss an underestimated third class of genotypic variation: changes in microsatellite and minisatellite repeats. Such tandem repeats (TRs) are ubiquitous, unstable genomic elements that have historically been designated as nonfunctional "junk DNA" and are therefore mostly ignored in comparative genomics. However, as many as 10% to 20% of eukaryotic genes and promoters contain an unstable repeat tract. Mutations in these repeats often have fascinating phenotypic consequences. For example, changes in unstable repeats located in or near human genes can lead to neurodegenerative diseases such as Huntington disease. Apart from their role in disease, variable repeats also confer useful phenotypic variability, including cell surface variability, plasticity in skeletal morphology, and tuning of the circadian rhythm. As such, TRs combine characteristics of genetic and epigenetic changes that may facilitate organismal evolvability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rita Gemayel
- Laboratory for Systems Biology, VIB, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Genetic variation in the KIAA0319 5' region as a possible contributor to dyslexia. Behav Genet 2011; 41:77-89. [PMID: 21207242 DOI: 10.1007/s10519-010-9434-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2010] [Accepted: 12/15/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Reading disabilities (RD) have been linked and associated with markers on chromosome 6p with results from multiple independent samples pointing to KIAA0319 as a risk gene and specifically, the 5' region of this gene. Here we focus genetic studies on a 2.3 kb region spanning the predicted promoter, the first untranslated exon, and part of the first intron, a region we identified as a region of open chromatin. Using DNA from probands with RD, we screened for genetic variants and tested select variants for association. We identified 17 DNA variants in this sample of probands, 16 of which were previously reported in public databases and one previously identified in a screen of this region. Based on the allele frequencies in the probands compared to public databases, and on possible functional consequences of the variation, we selected seven variants to test for association in a sample of families with RD, in addition to four variants which had been tested previously. We also tested two markers 5' of this region that were previously reported as associated. The strongest evidence for association was observed with alleles of the microsatellite marker located in the first untranslated exon and haplotypes of that marker. These results support previous studies indicating the 5' region of the KIAA0319 gene as the location of risk alleles contributing to RD.
Collapse
|
33
|
Jamali S, Salzmann A, Perroud N, Ponsole-Lenfant M, Cillario J, Roll P, Roeckel-Trevisiol N, Crespel A, Balzar J, Schlachter K, Gruber-Sedlmayr U, Pataraia E, Baumgartner C, Zimprich A, Zimprich F, Malafosse A, Szepetowski P. Functional variant in complement C3 gene promoter and genetic susceptibility to temporal lobe epilepsy and febrile seizures. PLoS One 2010; 5. [PMID: 20862287 PMCID: PMC2940893 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0012740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2010] [Accepted: 08/18/2010] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Human mesial temporal lobe epilepsies (MTLE) represent the most frequent form of partial epilepsies and are frequently preceded by febrile seizures (FS) in infancy and early childhood. Genetic associations of several complement genes including its central component C3 with disorders of the central nervous system, and the existence of C3 dysregulation in the epilepsies and in the MTLE particularly, make it the C3 gene a good candidate for human MTLE. Methodology/Principal Findings A case-control association study of the C3 gene was performed in a first series of 122 patients with MTLE and 196 controls. Four haplotypes (HAP1 to 4) comprising GF100472, a newly discovered dinucleotide repeat polymorphism [(CA)8 to (CA)15] in the C3 promoter region showed significant association after Bonferroni correction, in the subgroup of MTLE patients having a personal history of FS (MTLE-FS+). Replication analysis in independent patients and controls confirmed that the rare HAP4 haplotype comprising the minimal length allele of GF100472 [(CA)8], protected against MTLE-FS+. A fifth haplotype (HAP5) with medium-size (CA)11 allele of GF100472 displayed four times higher frequency in controls than in the first cohort of MTLE-FS+ and showed a protective effect against FS through a high statistical significance in an independent population of 97 pure FS. Consistently, (CA)11 allele by its own protected against pure FS in a second group of 148 FS patients. Reporter gene assays showed that GF100472 significantly influenced C3 promoter activity (the higher the number of repeats, the lower the transcriptional activity). Taken together, the consistent genetic data and the functional analysis presented here indicate that a newly-identified and functional polymorphism in the promoter of the complement C3 gene might participate in the genetic susceptibility to human MTLE with a history of FS, and to pure FS. Conclusions/Significance The present study provides important data suggesting for the first time the involvement of the complement system in the genetic susceptibility to epileptic seizures and to epilepsy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Jamali
- INSERM UMR 910, University of Méditerranée, Marseille, France
| | - Annick Salzmann
- Department of Medical Genetics and Development, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nader Perroud
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Magali Ponsole-Lenfant
- Mediterranean Institute of Neurobiology (INMED), INSERM UMR901, University of Méditerranée, Marseille, France
| | - Jennifer Cillario
- Mediterranean Institute of Neurobiology (INMED), INSERM UMR901, University of Méditerranée, Marseille, France
| | - Patrice Roll
- INSERM UMR 910, University of Méditerranée, Marseille, France
| | | | - Ariel Crespel
- Epilepsy Unit, University Hospital of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jorg Balzar
- Department of Clinical Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Ekaterina Pataraia
- Department of Clinical Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Baumgartner
- 2nd Neurological Department, General Hospital Hietzing with Neurological Center Rosenhuegel, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Zimprich
- Department of Clinical Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Fritz Zimprich
- Department of Clinical Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alain Malafosse
- Department of Medical Genetics and Development, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- * E-mail: (PS); (AM)
| | - Pierre Szepetowski
- INSERM UMR 910, University of Méditerranée, Marseille, France
- Mediterranean Institute of Neurobiology (INMED), INSERM UMR901, University of Méditerranée, Marseille, France
- * E-mail: (PS); (AM)
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Gasanova VK, Ryadninskaya NV, Gaillard C, Strauss F, Belitsky GA, Yakubovskaya MG. Invasion of complementary oligonucleotides into (CA/TG)31 repetitive region of linear and circular DNA duplexes. Mol Biol 2010. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893310030155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
35
|
Garcia-Santos D, Chies JAB. HO-1 polymorphism as a genetic determinant behind the malaria resistance afforded by haemolytic disorders. Med Hypotheses 2010; 74:807-13. [PMID: 20106603 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2009.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2009] [Accepted: 12/09/2009] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Malaria affects thousands of people around the world representing a critical issue regarding health policies in tropical countries. Similarly, also haemolytic diseases such as sickle cell disease and thalassemias are a concern in different parts of the globe. It is well established that haemolytic diseases, such as sickle cell disease (SCD) and thalassemias, represent a resistance factor to malaria, which explains the high frequencies of such genetic variants in malaria endemic areas. In this context, it has been shown that the rate limiting enzyme heme oxygenase I (HO-1), responsible for the catabolism of the free heme in the body, is an important resistance factor in malaria and is also important in the physiopathology of haemolytic diseases. Here, we suggest that allelic variants of HO-1, which display significant differences in terms of protein expression, have been selected in endemic malaria areas since the HO-1 enzyme can enhance the protection against malaria conferred by haemolytic diseases This protection apply mainly in what concerns protection against severe malaria forms. Therefore, HO-1 genotyping would be fundamental to determine resistance of a given individual to lethal forms of malaria as well as to common clinical complications typical to haemolytic diseases and would be helpful in the establishment of public health politics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Garcia-Santos
- Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular (PPGBM), Laboratório de Imunogenética, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Tabeta K, Shimada Y, Tai H, Ishihara Y, Noguchi T, Soga Y, Takashiba S, Suzuki G, Kobayashi T, Oka A, Kobayashi T, Yamazaki K, Inoko H, Yoshie H. Assessment of chromosome 19 for genetic association in severe chronic periodontitis. J Periodontol 2009; 80:663-71. [PMID: 19335087 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2009.080516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A genome-association study is a powerful tool for analyzing small gene effects in complex diseases such as chronic periodontitis (CP), although the cost of analysis is prohibitive. We designed a study using the DNA pooling method, which could be a breakthrough in lowering such costs. This study was conducted to assess the genetic association in severe CP in a Japanese population. METHODS We adopted a DNA pooling method by genotyping 454 densely spaced microsatellite (MS) markers in chromosome 19 as a pilot study, with the possibility of future use in a whole-genome study. This can reduce the high cost and technical burden, which is generally unavoidable in a genomic association study. Pooled DNA samples from 300 case subjects, 300 control subjects, and 200 systemically healthy subjects were screened by genotyping MS markers. The case-control association in the candidate region was analyzed by individual typing of MS and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). RESULTS The single MS marker allele 17 of 1902G31 was isolated in association with severe CP (P = 0.0012 for 2 x 2; P <0.046 for 2 x m, where m refers to the number of polymorphic alleles observed in a population). No other SNP or MS polymorphism hypothesized to affect biologic functions in the critical region was found in the linkage disequilibrium block analysis. CONCLUSIONS We efficiently isolated the susceptible locus for severe CP in chromosome 19 and identified a useful marker to evaluate the risk for disease. This approach can be applied to a whole-genome study in severe CP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Tabeta
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Heme oxygenase-1 microsatellite polymorphism and haplotypes are associated with the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Intensive Care Med 2009; 35:1343-51. [PMID: 19526221 DOI: 10.1007/s00134-009-1504-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2009] [Accepted: 04/22/2009] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) acts in cytoprotection against acute lung injury. The polymorphic (GT)n repeat in the HO-1 gene (HMOX1) promoter regulates HMOX1 expression. We investigated the associations of HMOX1 polymorphisms with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) risk and plasma HO-1 levels. DESIGN Unmatched, nested case-control study. SETTING Academic medical center. PATIENTS Consecutive patients with ARDS risk factors upon ICU admission were prospectively enrolled. Cases were 437 Caucasians who developed ARDS and controls were 1,014 Caucasians who did not. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS We genotyped the (GT)n polymorphism and three tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (tSNPs) in 1,451 patients, and measured the plasma HO-1 levels in 106 ARDS patients. We clustered the (GT)n repeats into: S-allele (<24 repeats), M-allele (24-30 repeats) and L-allele (> or = 31 repeats). We found that longer (GT)n repeats were associated with reduced ARDS risk (Ptrend = 0.004 for both alleles and genotypes), but no individual tSNP was associated with ARDS risk. HMOX1 haplotypes were significantly associated with ARDS risk (global test, P = 0.016), and the haplotype S-TAG was associated with increased ARDS risk (OR, 1.75; 95% CI, 1.15-2.68; P = 0.010). Intermediate-phenotype analysis showed longer (GT)n repeats were associated with higher plasma HO-1 levels (Ptrend = 0.019 for alleles and 0.027 for genotypes). CONCLUSIONS Longer (GT)n repeats in the HMOX1 promoter are associated with higher plasma HO-1 levels and reduced ARDS risk. The common haplotype S-TAG is associated with increased ARDS risk. Our results suggest that HMOX1 variation may modulate ARDS risk through the promoter microsatellite polymorphism.
Collapse
|
38
|
Yokoyama KD, Ohler U, Wray GA. Measuring spatial preferences at fine-scale resolution identifies known and novel cis-regulatory element candidates and functional motif-pair relationships. Nucleic Acids Res 2009; 37:e92. [PMID: 19483094 PMCID: PMC2715254 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkp423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcriptional regulation is mediated by the collective binding of proteins called transcription factors to cis-regulatory elements. A handful of factors are known to function at particular distances from the transcription start site, although the extent to which this occurs is not well understood. Spatial dependencies can also exist between pairs of binding motifs, facilitating factor-pair interactions. We sought to determine to what extent spatial preferences measured at high-scale resolution could be utilized to predict cis-regulatory elements as well as motif-pairs binding interacting proteins. We introduce the ‘motif positional function’ model which predicts spatial biases using regression analysis, differentiating noise from true position-specific overrepresentation at single-nucleotide resolution. Our method predicts 48 consensus motifs exhibiting positional enrichment within human promoters, including fourteen motifs without known binding partners. We then extend the model to analyze distance preferences between pairs of motifs. We find that motif-pairs binding interacting factors often co-occur preferentially at multiple distances, with intervals between preferred distances often corresponding to the turn of the DNA double-helix. This offers a novel means by which to predict sequence elements with a collective role in gene regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ken Daigoro Yokoyama
- Biology Department, Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Gerbitz A, Hillemanns P, Schmid C, Wilke A, Jayaraman R, Kolb HJ, Eissner G, Holler E. Influence of polymorphism within the heme oxygenase-I promoter on overall survival and transplantation-related mortality after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2008; 14:1180-1189. [PMID: 18804049 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2008.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2008] [Accepted: 08/04/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Aside from major and minor histocompatibility antigens, genetic polymorphisms of various donor and host genes have been found to be risk factors for graft-versus-host disease and transplantation-related mortality (TRM). The heme oxygenase I (HO-I) protein has been implicated in regulating inflammatory response and has been described as a "protective gene" in solid organ transplantation. In humans, the promoter region displays length polymorphism due to a variable number of GT repeats. Individuals exhibiting 29 or fewer GT repeats express higher levels of HO-I on cellular stress compared with individuals with 30 or more GT repeats. We retrospectively analyzed length polymorphisms of 92 donor-host pairs undergoing allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Our findings demonstrate that mainly donor polymorphism leading to high expression of HO-1 (<30 GT repeats) on stress signals is associated with reduced overall survival, and that TRM is significantly increased in this group. This reduction in survival was most prominent when unrelated donors were used. Polymorphisms of the recipient HO-1 genes did not influence posttransplantation outcomes. We conclude that HO-1 polymorphism represents a new genetic risk factor for TRM and overall survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Armin Gerbitz
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Charité Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Group on Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, National Research Center for Environment and Health, Munich, Germany.
| | - Patrick Hillemanns
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Andrea Wilke
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Group on Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, National Research Center for Environment and Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Rajshri Jayaraman
- European School of Management and Technology ESMT, Schlossplatz, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans-Jochem Kolb
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Group on Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, National Research Center for Environment and Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Gunther Eissner
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ernst Holler
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Sawa T, Mounawar M, Tatemichi M, Gilibert I, Katoh T, Ohshima H. Increased risk of gastric cancer in Japanese subjects is associated with microsatellite polymorphisms in the heme oxygenase-1 and the inducible nitric oxide synthase gene promoters. Cancer Lett 2008; 269:78-84. [PMID: 18502573 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2008.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2008] [Revised: 04/14/2008] [Accepted: 04/14/2008] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Microsatellite polymorphism in the promoter region of the heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) gene was analyzed jointly with that of the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene among Japanese subjects (control and gastric cancer patients). A higher promoter activity genotype of the HO-1 gene was associated with increased risk for gastric cancer in women. Gastric cancer risk was notably increased in subjects carrying a higher promoter activity genotype for both HO-1 and iNOS compared to those with a lower promoter activity genotype for both genes. Our data suggest that genetic polymorphisms of HO-1 and iNOS modulate individual susceptibility to gastric cancer risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Sawa
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Courtney AE, Maxwell AP. Heme oxygenase 1: does it have a role in renal cytoprotection? Am J Kidney Dis 2008; 51:678-90. [PMID: 18371544 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2007.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2007] [Accepted: 11/28/2007] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Heme oxygenase (HO) was first identified as the rate-limiting enzyme in the degradative pathway of heme, but is now recognized to be involved in diverse biological processes. Different isoforms of HO exist; HO-1 (HMOX1) is ubiquitously present in mammalian tissue with low constitutive expression under physiological conditions, but is upregulated in response to a variety of potentially noxious stimuli. HO-1, an integral component of an important cytoprotective mechanism, mediates its action through removal of heme, the generation of heme breakdown reaction products (biliverdin, free iron, and carbon monoxide), and modulation of key cellular molecules. Data from experimental models in which HO-1 was induced or inhibited, together with observations in genetically modified animals, showed a beneficial effect of HO-1 in several pathways leading to kidney injury. The discovery of a functional guanosine thymine tandem repeat polymorphism in the promoter region of the human HO-1 gene has stimulated clinical investigations in a variety of diseases. However, despite theoretical and experimental support for an important pathophysiological role for HO-1, the relevance of this polymorphism in native kidney or renal transplant function is equivocal. This article reviews the molecular genetics of HO-1, its myriad cytoprotective effects allied to how these are mediated, and relates these findings to experimental and clinical evidence of HO-1 involvement in renal disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aisling E Courtney
- Nephrology Research Group, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast BT9 7AB, UK.
| | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Buis CI, van der Steege G, Visser DS, Nolte IM, Hepkema BG, Nijsten M, Slooff MJH, Porte RJ. Heme oxygenase-1 genotype of the donor is associated with graft survival after liver transplantation. Am J Transplant 2008; 8:377-85. [PMID: 18093274 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2007.02048.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) has been suggested as a cytoprotective gene during liver transplantation. Inducibility of HO-1 is modulated by a (GT)(n) polymorphism and a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) A(-413)T in the promoter. Both a short (GT)(n) allele and the A-allele have been associated with increased HO-1 promoter activity. In 308 liver transplantations, we assessed donor HO-1 genotype and correlated this with outcome variables. For (GT)(n) genotype, livers were divided into two classes: short alleles (<25 repeats; class S) and long alleles (> or =25 repeats; class L). In a subset, hepatic messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression was correlated with genotypes. Graft survival at 1 year was significantly better for A-allele genotype compared to TT-genotype (84% vs. 63%, p = 0.004). Graft loss due to primary dysfunction (PDF) occurred more frequently in TT-genotype compared to A-receivers (p = 0.03). Recipients of a liver with TT-genotype had significantly higher serum transaminases after transplantation and hepatic HO-1 mRNA levels were significantly lower compared to the A-allele livers (p = 0.03). No differences were found for any outcome variable between class S and LL-variant of the (GT)(n) polymorphism. Haplotype analysis confirmed dominance of the A(-413)T SNP over the (GT)(n) polymorphism. In conclusion, HO-1 genotype is associated with outcome after liver transplantation. These findings suggest that HO-1 mediates graft survival after liver transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C I Buis
- Section of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Arredondo M, Jorquera D, Carrasco E, Albala C, Hertrampf E. Microsatellite polymorphism in the heme oxygenase-1 gene promoter is associated with iron status in persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Am J Clin Nutr 2007; 86:1347-53. [PMID: 17991645 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/86.5.1347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High iron stores are known to cause type 2 diabetes mellitus in persons with hemochromatosis. However, it is not clear whether moderately elevated iron stores predict the risk of type 2 diabetes in healthy persons. Heme oxygenase (HO) 1 expression is increased when intracellular iron increases. Furthermore, HO shows a microsatellite polymorphism in its gene promoter that could be related to its expression and activity. OBJECTIVES We aimed to determine the length of (GT)(n) repeats in the HO1 gene promoter by using capillary electrophoresis and HO enzymatic activity in mononuclear cells (MNCs) from adult diabetes patients. We also aimed to assess the relation between these results and iron stores. DESIGN We studied 99 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 90 nondiabetic (control) subjects. We determined iron status (serum iron, ferritin, and transferrin receptor), HO activity, and micropolymorphism. RESULTS One diabetes patient and 5 control subjects had iron deficiency anemia. No iron overload was detected in either group. Diabetes patients had significantly greater iron stores (P < 0.0001), total body iron (P < 0.001), and HO activity (P < 0.001) than did control subjects. A positive association between serum iron and HO activity was seen in the diabetes patients (P < 0.0001). Allelic frequency did not differ significantly between diabetes patients and control subjects; however, the frequency of the SM genotype was significantly higher and that of the SS and MM genotypes was significantly lower in the diabetes patients than in control subjects (P < 0.001 for all). CONCLUSIONS Type 2 diabetes patients carrying short (GT)(n) repeats may have higher ferritin values and greater HO enzymatic activity and may have greater susceptibility to diabetes than may those with long (GT)(n) repeats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Arredondo
- Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina Occidente, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Chahine T, Baccarelli A, Litonjua A, Wright RO, Suh H, Gold DR, Sparrow D, Vokonas P, Schwartz J. Particulate air pollution, oxidative stress genes, and heart rate variability in an elderly cohort. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2007; 115:1617-22. [PMID: 18007994 PMCID: PMC2072834 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.10318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2007] [Accepted: 08/11/2007] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES We have previously shown that reduced defenses against oxidative stress due to glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1) deletion modify the effects of PM(2.5) (fine-particulate air pollution of < 2.5 microm in aerodynamic diameter) on heart rate variability (HRV) in a cross-sectional analysis of the Normative Aging Study, an elderly cohort. We have extended this to include a longitudinal analysis with more subjects and examination of the GT short tandem repeat polymorphism in the heme oxygenase-1 (HMOX-1) promoter. METHODS HRV measurements were taken on 539 subjects. Linear mixed effects models were fit for the logarithm of HRV metrics-including standard deviation of normal-to-normal intervals (SDNN), high frequency (HF), and low frequency (LF)-and PM(2.5) concentrations in the 48 hr preceding HRV measurement, controlling for confounders and a random subject effect. RESULTS PM(2.5) was significantly associated with SDNN (p = 0.04) and HF (p = 0.03) in all subjects. There was no association in subjects with GSTM1, whereas there was a significant association with SDNN, HF, and LF in subjects with the deletion. Similarly, there was no association with any HRV measure in subjects with the short repeat variant of HMOX-1, and significant associations in subjects with any long repeat. We found a significant three-way interaction of PM(2.5) with GSTM1 and HMOX-1 determining SDNN (p = 0.008), HF (p = 0.01) and LF (p = 0.04). In subjects with the GSTM1 deletion and the HMOX-1 long repeat, SDNN decreased by 13% [95% confidence interval (CI), -21% to -4%], HF decreased by 28% (95% CI, -43% to -9%), and LF decreased by 20% (95% CI, -35% to -3%) per 10 microg/m(3) increase in PM. CONCLUSIONS Oxidative stress is an important pathway for the autonomic effects of particles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Chahine
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andrea Baccarelli
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Center of Molecular Epidemiology and Genetics; and EPOCA Epidemiology Research Center, University of Milan and IRCCS Maggiore Hospital, Mangiagalli and Regina Elena Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - Augusto Litonjua
- Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Robert O. Wright
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Helen Suh
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Diane R. Gold
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David Sparrow
- VA Normative Aging Study, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System and the Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Pantel Vokonas
- VA Normative Aging Study, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System and the Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joel Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Address correspondence to J. Schwartz, Exposure, Epidemiology, and Risk Program, Harvard School of Public Health, 401 Park Dr., Suite 415 W, PO Box 15698, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Telephone: (617) 384-8752. Fax: (617) 384-8745. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Abstract
Short tandem repeats (STRs) are short tandemly repeated DNA sequences that involve a repetitive unit of 1–6 bp. Because of their polymorphisms and high mutation rates, STRs are widely used in biological research. Strand-slippage replication is the predominant mutation mechanism of STRs, and the stepwise mutation model is regarded as the main mutation model. STR mutation rates can be influenced by many factors. Moreover, some trinucleotide repeats are associated with human neurodegenerative diseases. In order to deepen our knowledge of these diseases and broaden STR application, it is essential to understand the STR mutation process in detail. In this review, we focus on the current known information about STR mutation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Fan
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Kunming 650118, China
- Biochemistry Department, Kunming Medical College, Kunming 650031, China
| | - Jia-You Chu
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Kunming 650118, China
- Corresponding author.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
McCarty MF. ''Iatrogenic Gilbert syndrome''--a strategy for reducing vascular and cancer risk by increasing plasma unconjugated bilirubin. Med Hypotheses 2007; 69:974-94. [PMID: 17825497 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2006.12.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2006] [Accepted: 12/18/2006] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The catabolism of heme, generating biliverdin, carbon monoxide, and free iron, is mediated by heme oxygenase (HO). One form of this of this enzyme, heme oxygenase-1, is inducible by numerous agents which promote oxidative stress, and is now known to provide important antioxidant protection, as demonstrated in many rodent models of free radical-mediated pathogenesis, and suggested by epidemiology observing favorable health outcomes in individuals carrying high-expression alleles of the HO-1 gene. The antioxidant impact of HO-1 appears to be mediated by bilirubin, generated rapidly from biliverdin by ubiquitously expressed biliverdin reductase. Bilirubin efficiently scavenges a wide range of physiological oxidants by electron donation. In the process, it is often reconverted to biliverdin, but biliverdin reductase quickly regenerates bilirubin, thereby greatly boosting its antioxidant potential. There is also suggestive evidence that bilirubin inhibits the activity or activation of NADPH oxidase. Increased serum bilirubin is associated with reduced risk for atherogenic disease in epidemiological studies, and more limited data show an inverse correlation between serum bilirubin and cancer risk. Gilbert syndrome, a genetic variant characterized by moderate hyperbilirubinemia attributable to reduced hepatic expression of the UDP-glucuronosyltransferase which conjugates bilirubin, has been associated with a greatly reduced risk for ischemic heart disease and hypertension in a recent study. Feasible strategies for boosting serum bilirubin levels may include administration of HO-1 inducers, supplementation with bilirubin or biliverdin, and administration of drugs which decrease the efficiency of hepatic bilirubin conjugation. The well-tolerated uricosuric drug probenecid achieves non-competitive inhibition of hepatic glucuronidation reactions by inhibiting the transport of UDP-glucuronic acid into endoplasmic reticulum; probenecid therapy is included in the differential diagnosis of hyperbilirubinemia, and presumably could be used to induce an ''iatrogenic Gilbert syndrome''. Other drugs, such as rifampin, can raise serum bilirubin through competitive inhibition of hepatocyte bilirubin uptake--although unfortunately rifampin is not as safe as probenecid. Measures which can safely achieve moderate serum elevations of bilirubin may prove to have value in the prevention and/or treatment of a wide range of disorders in which oxidants play a prominent pathogenic role, including many vascular diseases, cancer, and inflammatory syndromes. Phycobilins, algal biliverdin metabolites that are good substrates for biliverdin reductase, may prove to have clinical antioxidant potential comparable to that of bilirubin.
Collapse
|
47
|
Sharma VK, Kumar N, Brahmachari SK, Ramachandran S. Abundance of dinucleotide repeats and gene expression are inversely correlated: a role for gene function in addition to intron length. Physiol Genomics 2007; 31:96-103. [PMID: 17550993 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00183.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
High and broad transcription of eukaryotic genes is facilitated by cost minimization, clustered localization in the genome, elevated G+C content, and low nucleosome formation potential. In this scenario, illumination of correlation between abundance of (TG/CA)(n>or=12) repeats, which are negative cis modulators of transcription, and transcriptional levels and other commonly occurring dinucleotide repeats, is required. Three independent microarray datasets were used to examine the correlation of (TG/CA)(n>or=12) and other dinucleotide repeats with gene expression. Compared with the expected equi-distribution pattern under neutral model, highly transcribed genes were poor in repeats, and conversely, weakly transcribed genes were rich in repeats. Furthermore, the inverse correlation between repeat abundance and transcriptional levels appears to be a global phenomenon encompassing all genes regardless of their breadth of transcription. This selective pattern of exclusion of (TG/CA)(n>or=12) and (AT)(n>or=12) repeats in highly transcribed genes is an additional factor along with cost minimization and elevated GC, and therefore, multiple factors govern high transcription of genes. We observed that even after controlling for the effects of GC and average intron lengths, the effect of repeats albeit somewhat weaker was persistent and definite. In the ribosomal protein coding genes, sequence analysis of orthologs suggests that negative selection for repeats perhaps occurred early in evolution. These observations suggest that negative selection of (TG/CA)(n>or=12) microsatellites in the evolution of the highly expressed genes was also controlled by gene function in addition to intron length.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vineet K Sharma
- G. N. Ramachandran Knowledge Centre for Genome Informatics, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Sharma VK, Sharma A, Kumar N, Khandelwal M, Mandapati KK, Horn-Saban S, Strichman-Almashanu L, Lancet D, Brahmachari SK, Ramachandran S. Expoldb: expression linked polymorphism database with inbuilt tools for analysis of expression and simple repeats. BMC Genomics 2006; 7:258. [PMID: 17038195 PMCID: PMC1618849 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-7-258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2006] [Accepted: 10/13/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quantitative variation in gene expression has been proposed to underlie phenotypic variation among human individuals. A facilitating step towards understanding the basis for gene expression variability is associating genome wide transcription patterns with potential cis modifiers of gene expression. DESCRIPTION EXPOLDB, a novel Database, is a new effort addressing this need by providing information on gene expression levels variability across individuals, as well as the presence and features of potentially polymorphic (TG/CA)n repeats. EXPOLDB thus enables associating transcription levels with the presence and length of (TG/CA)n repeats. One of the unique features of this database is the display of expression data for 5 pairs of monozygotic twins, which allows identification of genes whose variability in expression, are influenced by non-genetic factors including environment. In addition to queries by gene name, EXPOLDB allows for queries by a pathway name. Users can also upload their list of HGNC (HUGO (The Human Genome Organisation) Gene Nomenclature Committee) symbols for interrogating expression patterns. The online application 'SimRep' can be used to find simple repeats in a given nucleotide sequence. To help illustrate primary applications, case examples of Housekeeping genes and the RUNX gene family, as well as one example of glycolytic pathway genes are provided. CONCLUSION The uniqueness of EXPOLDB is in facilitating the association of genome wide transcription variations with the presence and type of polymorphic repeats while offering the feature for identifying genes whose expression variability are influenced by non genetic factors including environment. In addition, the database allows comprehensive querying including functional information on biochemical pathways of the human genes. EXPOLDB can be accessed at http://expoldb.igib.res.in/expol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vineet K Sharma
- G.N. Ramachandran Knowledge Centre for Genome Informatics, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi 110 007, India
| | - Anu Sharma
- Functional Genomics Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi 110 007, India
| | - Naveen Kumar
- G.N. Ramachandran Knowledge Centre for Genome Informatics, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi 110 007, India
| | - Mamta Khandelwal
- G.N. Ramachandran Knowledge Centre for Genome Informatics, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi 110 007, India
| | - Kiran Kumar Mandapati
- Functional Genomics Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi 110 007, India
| | - Shirley Horn-Saban
- Microarray facility, Department of Biological Services, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Liora Strichman-Almashanu
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Crown Human Genome Center, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Doron Lancet
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Crown Human Genome Center, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Samir K Brahmachari
- G.N. Ramachandran Knowledge Centre for Genome Informatics, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi 110 007, India
| | - Srinivasan Ramachandran
- G.N. Ramachandran Knowledge Centre for Genome Informatics, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi 110 007, India
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Rigault C, Le Borgne F, Demarquoy J. Genomic structure, alternative maturation and tissue expression of the human BBOX1 gene. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2006; 1761:1469-81. [PMID: 17110165 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2006.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2006] [Revised: 09/29/2006] [Accepted: 09/29/2006] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gamma-butyrobetaine hydroxylase (BBOX1) is the enzyme responsible for the biosynthesis of l-carnitine, a key molecule of fatty acid metabolism. This cytosolic dimeric protein belongs to the dioxygenase family. In human, enzyme activity has been detected in kidney, liver and brain. The human gene encoding gamma-butyrobetaine hydroxylase is located on chromosome 11. Although the protein structure and activity have been extensively described, little information is available concerning BBOX1 structure and expression. In this study, the organization of the human gene was determined. The structure and functions of the 5'- and 3'-untranslated regions of the human BBOX1 mRNA were characterized in kidney, liver and brain. Our experiments revealed that the transcription initiation of the human BBOX1 gene might occur at 3 different exons, and that the expression level of each type of transcript is organ-specific. We showed that the use of 3 different promoters is responsible for the 5'-end heterogeneity. Investigations on BBOX1 mRNA maturation highlighted an alternative polyadenylation mechanism that generates two 3'-untranslated regions differing by their length. This alternative polyadenylation exhibited a tissue specificity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Rigault
- Inserm - CRI-Dijon, University of Dijon, UFR Sciences Vie, 6 Blvd. Gabriel, 21000 Dijon, France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Fredenburgh LE, Perrella MA, Mitsialis SA. The role of heme oxygenase-1 in pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2006; 36:158-65. [PMID: 16980551 PMCID: PMC2176110 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2006-0331tr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Heme oxygenase (HO)-1, the inducible isoform of heme oxygenase, is a cytoprotective enzyme that plays a central role in the defense against oxidative and inflammatory insults in the lung. HO-1 catalyzes the degradation of heme, a potent oxidant, into biliverdin, iron, and carbon monoxide (CO). These downstream products of heme catabolism have recently been found to mediate the antioxidant, antiapoptotic, antiproliferative, vasodilatory, and anti-inflammatory properties of HO-1. Although absence of HO-1 is rare in humans, a number of HO-1 promoter polymorphisms have been identified that may influence HO-1 expression in vivo and lead to disease states. This review will summarize studies that implicate HO-1 and heme metabolites in the pathophysiology of pulmonary disease and discuss recent advances in the therapeutic applications of HO-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Fredenburgh
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|