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Zhang N, Song B, Bai P, Du L, Chen L, Xu Y, Zeng T. Perineuronal nets' role in metabolism. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2024; 327:E411-E421. [PMID: 39140971 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00154.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Perineuronal nets (PNNs), specialized extracellular matrix (ECM) structures that envelop neurons, have recently been recognized as key players in the regulation of metabolism. This review explores the growing body of knowledge concerning PNNs and their role in metabolic control, drawing insights from recent research and relevant studies. The pivotal role of PNNs in the context of energy balance and whole body blood glucose is examined. This review also highlights novel findings, including the effects of astroglia, microglia, sex and gonadal hormones, nutritional regulation, circadian rhythms, and age on PNNs dynamics. These findings illuminate the complex and multifaceted role of PNNs in metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Diabetes and Metabolic Disease Clinical Research Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic Abnormalities and Vascular Aging, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Branch of National Center for Clinical Medical Research of Metabolic Diseases, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Beite Song
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Diabetes and Metabolic Disease Clinical Research Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic Abnormalities and Vascular Aging, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Branch of National Center for Clinical Medical Research of Metabolic Diseases, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Bai
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Du
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lulu Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Diabetes and Metabolic Disease Clinical Research Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic Abnormalities and Vascular Aging, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Branch of National Center for Clinical Medical Research of Metabolic Diseases, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Tianshu Zeng
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Diabetes and Metabolic Disease Clinical Research Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic Abnormalities and Vascular Aging, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Branch of National Center for Clinical Medical Research of Metabolic Diseases, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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Vita SM, Cruise SC, Gilpin NW, Molina PE. HISTOLOGICAL COMPARISON OF REPEATED MILD WEIGHT DROP AND LATERAL FLUID PERCUSSION INJURY MODELS OF TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY IN FEMALE AND MALE RATS. Shock 2024; 62:398-409. [PMID: 38813916 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000002395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT In preclinical traumatic brain injury (TBI) research, the animal model should be selected based on the research question and outcome measures of interest. Direct side-by-side comparisons of different injury models are essential for informing such decisions. Here, we used immunohistochemistry to compare the outcomes from two common models of TBI, lateral fluid percussion (LFP) and repeated mild weight drop (rmWD) in adult female and male Wistar rats. Specifically, we measured the effects of LFP and rmWD on markers of cerebrovascular and tight junction disruption, neuroinflammation, mature neurons, and perineuronal nets in the cortical site of injury, cortex adjacent to injury, dentate gyrus, and the CA 2/3 area of the hippocampus. Animals were randomized into the LFP or rmWD group. On day 1, the LFP group received a craniotomy, and on day 4, injury (or sham procedure; randomly assigned). The rmWD animals underwent either injury or isoflurane only (randomly assigned) on each of those 4 days. Seven days after injury, brains were harvested for analysis. Overall, our observations revealed that the most significant disruptions were evident in response to LFP, followed by craniotomy only, whereas rmWD animals showed the least residual changes compared with isoflurane-only controls, supporting consideration of rmWD as a mild injury. LFP led to longer-lasting disruptions, perhaps more representative of moderate TBI. We also report that craniotomy and LFP produced greater disruptions in females relative to males. These findings will assist the field in the selection of animal models based on target severity of postinjury outcomes and support the inclusion of both sexes and appropriate control groups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shealan C Cruise
- Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
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Yao JY, Zhao TS, Guo ZR, Li MQ, Lu XY, Zou GJ, Chen ZR, Liu Y, Cui YH, Li F, Li CQ. Degradation of perineuronal nets in the medial prefrontal cortex promotes extinction and reduces reinstatement of methamphetamine-induced conditioned place preference in female mice. Behav Brain Res 2024; 472:115152. [PMID: 39032868 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
The high rate of relapse to compulsive methamphetamine (MA)-taking and seeking behaviors after abstinence constitutes a major obstacle to the treatment of MA addiction. Perineuronal nets (PNNs), essential components of the extracellular matrix, play a critical role in synaptic function, learning, and memory. Abnormalities in PNNs have been closely linked to a series of neurological diseases, such as addiction. However, the exact role of PNNs in MA-induced related behaviors remains elusive. Here, we established a MA-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm in female mice and found that the number and average optical density of PNNs increased significantly in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of mice during the acquisition, extinction, and reinstatement stages of CPP. Notably, the removal of PNNs in the mPFC via chondroitinase ABC (ChABC) before extinction training not only facilitated the extinction of MA-induced CPP and attenuated the relapse of extinguished MA preference but also significantly reduced the activation of c-Fos in the mPFC. Similarly, the ablation of PNNs in the mPFC before reinstatement markedly lessened the reinstatement of MA-induced CPP, which was accompanied by the decreased expression of c-Fos in the mPFC. Collectively, our results provide more evidence for the implication of degradation of PNNs in facilitating extinction and preventing relapse of MA-induced CPP, which indicate that targeting PNNs may be an effective therapeutic option for MA-induced CPP memories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Yu Yao
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Tian-Shu Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zi-Rui Guo
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Meng-Qing Li
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Lu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Guang-Jing Zou
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhao-Rong Chen
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yan-Hui Cui
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Chang-Qi Li
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Kuczynski-Noyau L, Karmann S, Alberton P, Martinez-Corral I, Nampoothiri S, Sauvé F, Lhomme T, Quarta C, Apte SS, Bouret S, Aszodi A, Rasika S, Ciofi P, Dam J, Prévot V, Mattot V. A plastic aggrecan barrier modulated by peripheral energy state gates metabolic signal access to arcuate neurons. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6701. [PMID: 39112471 PMCID: PMC11306556 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50798-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARH) contains neurons vital for maintaining energy homeostasis that sense and respond to changes in blood-borne metabolic hormones. Despite its juxtaposition to the median eminence (ME), a circumventricular organ lacking a blood-brain barrier and thus exposed to circulating molecules, only a few ventral ARH neurons perceive these extravasating metabolic signals due to a poorly understood ME/ARH diffusion barrier. Here, we show in male mice that aggrecan, a perineural-net proteoglycan deposited by orexigenic ARH neurons, creates a peculiar ventrodorsal diffusion gradient. Fasting enhances aggrecan deposition more dorsally, reinforcing the diffusion barrier, particularly around neurons adjacent to fenestrated capillary loops that enter the ARH. The disruption of aggrecan deposits results in unregulated diffusion of blood-borne molecules into the ARH and impairs food intake. Our findings reveal the molecular nature and plasticity of the ME/ARH diffusion barrier, and indicate its physiological role in hypothalamic metabolic hormone sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Kuczynski-Noyau
- Univ. Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S1172, EGID, Lille, France
| | - Sixtine Karmann
- Univ. Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S1172, EGID, Lille, France
| | - Paolo Alberton
- Department for Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery Musculoskeletal University Center Munich (MUM) University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany
- Division of Hand, Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery LMU University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Ines Martinez-Corral
- Univ. Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S1172, EGID, Lille, France
| | - Sreekala Nampoothiri
- Univ. Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S1172, EGID, Lille, France
| | - Florent Sauvé
- Univ. Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S1172, EGID, Lille, France
| | - Tori Lhomme
- Univ. Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S1172, EGID, Lille, France
| | - Carmelo Quarta
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, Bordeaux, France
| | - Suneel S Apte
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sébastien Bouret
- Univ. Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S1172, EGID, Lille, France
| | - Attila Aszodi
- Department for Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery Musculoskeletal University Center Munich (MUM) University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Sowmyalakshmi Rasika
- Univ. Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S1172, EGID, Lille, France
| | - Philippe Ciofi
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, Bordeaux, France
| | - Julie Dam
- Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Prévot
- Univ. Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S1172, EGID, Lille, France
| | - Virginie Mattot
- Univ. Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S1172, EGID, Lille, France.
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Lehner A, Hoffmann L, Rampp S, Coras R, Paulsen F, Frischknecht R, Hamer H, Walther K, Brandner S, Hofer W, Pieper T, Reisch L, Bien CG, Blumcke I. Age-dependent increase of perineuronal nets in the human hippocampus and precocious aging in epilepsy. Epilepsia Open 2024; 9:1372-1381. [PMID: 38845524 PMCID: PMC11296138 DOI: 10.1002/epi4.12963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Perineuronal nets (PNN) are specialized extracellular matrix (ECM) components of the central nervous system, frequently accumulating at the surface of inhibitory GABAergic interneurons. While an altered distribution of PNN has been observed in neurological disorders including Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia and epilepsy, their anatomical distribution also changes during physiological brain maturation and aging. Such an age-dependent shift was experimentally associated also with hippocampal engram formation during brain maturation. Our aim was to histopathologically assess PNN in the hippocampus of adult and pediatric patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) compared to age-matched post-mortem control subjects and to compare PNN-related changes with memory impairment observed in our patient cohort. METHODS Sixty-six formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue specimens of the human hippocampus were retrieved from the European Epilepsy Brain Bank. Twenty-nine patients had histopathologically confirmed hippocampal sclerosis (HS), and eleven patients suffered from TLE without HS. PNN were immunohistochemically visualized using an antibody directed against aggrecan and manually counted from hippocampus subfields and the subiculum. RESULTS PNN density increased with age in both human controls and TLE patients. However, their density was significantly higher in all HS patients compared to age-matched controls. Intriguingly, TLE patients presented presurgically with better memory when their hippocampal PNN density was higher (p < 0.05). SIGNIFICANCE Our results were compatible with age-dependent ECM specialization in the human hippocampus and its precocious aging in the epileptic condition. These observations confirm recent experimental animal models and also support the notion that PNN play a role in memory formation in the human brain. PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY "Perineuronal nets" (PNN) are a specialized compartment of the extracellular matrix (ECM), especially surrounding highly active neurons of the mammalian brain. There is evidence that PNN play a role in memory formation, brain maturation, and in some pathologies like Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia or epilepsy. In this study, we investigated the role of PNN in patients suffering from drug-resistant focal epilepsy compared to controls. We found that with increasing age, more neurons are surrounded by PNN. Similarly, all epilepsy patients but especially patients with better memory performance also had more PNN. This study raises further interest in studying ECM molecules in the human brain under physiological and pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Lehner
- Department of NeuropathologyUniversitätsklinikum Erlangen and FAU Erlangen‐NürnbergErlangenGermany
- Partner of the European Reference Network (ERN) EpiCAREBarcelonaSpain
| | - Lucas Hoffmann
- Department of NeuropathologyUniversitätsklinikum Erlangen and FAU Erlangen‐NürnbergErlangenGermany
- Partner of the European Reference Network (ERN) EpiCAREBarcelonaSpain
| | - Stefan Rampp
- Department of NeuroradiologyUniversitätsklinikum Erlangen and FAU Erlangen‐NürnbergErlangenGermany
- Department of NeurosurgeryUniversitätsklinikum Erlangen and FAU Erlangen‐NürnbergErlangenGermany
| | - Roland Coras
- Department of NeuropathologyUniversitätsklinikum Erlangen and FAU Erlangen‐NürnbergErlangenGermany
- Partner of the European Reference Network (ERN) EpiCAREBarcelonaSpain
| | - Friedrich Paulsen
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, FAU Erlangen‐NürnbergErlangenGermany
| | - Renato Frischknecht
- Department of Biology, Animal PhysiologyFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität Erlangen‐NürnbergErlangenGermany
| | - Hajo Hamer
- Epilepsy Center, Department of NeurologyUniversitätsklinikum Erlangen and FAU Erlangen‐NürnbergErlangenGermany
| | - Katrin Walther
- Epilepsy Center, Department of NeurologyUniversitätsklinikum Erlangen and FAU Erlangen‐NürnbergErlangenGermany
| | - Sebastian Brandner
- Department of NeurosurgeryUniversitätsklinikum Erlangen and FAU Erlangen‐NürnbergErlangenGermany
- Department of NeurosurgeryKlinikum FürthGermany
| | - Wiebke Hofer
- Department of Psychology/Neuropsychology, Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and EpileptologySchön Klinik VogtareuthGermany
| | - Tom Pieper
- Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and EpileptologySchön Klinik VogtareuthGermany
| | - Lea‐Marie Reisch
- Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara), Medical SchoolBielefeld UniversityBielefeldGermany
| | - Christian G. Bien
- Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara), Medical SchoolBielefeld UniversityBielefeldGermany
| | - Ingmar Blumcke
- Department of NeuropathologyUniversitätsklinikum Erlangen and FAU Erlangen‐NürnbergErlangenGermany
- Partner of the European Reference Network (ERN) EpiCAREBarcelonaSpain
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Honeycutt S, Mukherjee A, Paladino M, Gilles-Thomas E, Loney G. Adolescent nicotine exposure promotes adulthood opioid consumption that persists despite adverse consequences and increases the density of insular perineuronal nets. ADDICTION NEUROSCIENCE 2024; 11:100150. [PMID: 38911872 PMCID: PMC11192509 DOI: 10.1016/j.addicn.2024.100150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Adolescence marks a sensitive period for neurodevelopment wherein exposure to drugs of abuse may disrupt maturation and induce persistent changes in neurophysiology which may exacerbate the risk for developing substance use disorders in adulthood. Adolescent nicotine exposure (ANE) enhances motivation to obtain drugs of abuse, particularly opioids, and increases vulnerability for the development of opioid use disorder (OUD). Here, we characterized ANE effects on learning about the adverse consequences of opioid consumption in adulthood in the absence of further nicotine administration. First, we show that ANE engenders punishment resistant fentanyl self-administration in a heterogenous seeking-taking chain schedule of reinforcement at least at the tested dose of fentanyl (0.75 μg/kg). We found that ANE rats consumed significantly more fentanyl and contingent foot shock punishment was less efficacious in limiting fentanyl seeking in ANE rats, relative to nicotine-naïve controls. Next, we demonstrated that ANE limits learning about the deleterious consequences of acute opioid intoxication in adulthood. In a combined conditioned taste avoidance and place preference paradigm we found that ANE resulted in significant reductions in the strength of morphine-induced CTA, and a simultaneous enhancement of CPP at a higher dose that was less capable of driving reinforcement in naïve controls. Finally, we examined the expression of perineuronal nets (PNNs) within insular cortex (IC) and found ANE rats to have increased density of PNNs across the anterior IC and significantly more parvalbumin-labeled IC cells relative to naïve controls. Together, these data lay the framework for a mechanistic explanation of the extreme comorbidity between nicotine use and development of OUDs.
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Cording KR, Tu EM, Wang H, Agopyan-Miu AHCW, Bateup HS. Cntnap2 loss drives striatal neuron hyperexcitability and behavioral inflexibility. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.09.593387. [PMID: 38766169 PMCID: PMC11100810 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.09.593387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by two major diagnostic criteria - persistent deficits in social communication and interaction, and the presence of restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior (RRBs). Evidence from both human and animal model studies of ASD suggest that alteration of striatal circuits, which mediate motor learning, action selection, and habit formation, may contribute to the manifestation of RRBs. CNTNAP2 is a syndromic ASD risk gene, and loss of function of Cntnap2 in mice is associated with RRBs. How loss of Cntnap2 impacts striatal neuron function is largely unknown. In this study, we utilized Cntnap2-/- mice to test whether altered striatal neuron activity contributes to aberrant motor behaviors relevant to ASD. We find that Cntnap2-/- mice exhibit increased cortical drive of striatal projection neurons (SPNs), with the most pronounced effects in direct pathway SPNs. This enhanced drive is likely due to increased intrinsic excitability of SPNs, which make them more responsive to cortical inputs. We also find that Cntnap2-/- mice exhibit spontaneous repetitive behaviors, increased motor routine learning, and cognitive inflexibility. Increased corticostriatal drive, in particular of the direct pathway, may contribute to the acquisition of repetitive, inflexible behaviors in Cntnap2 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine R. Cording
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - Emilie M. Tu
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - Hongli Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA USA
| | | | - Helen S. Bateup
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA USA
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Patel DC, Swift N, Tewari BP, Browning JL, Prim C, Chaunsali L, Kimbrough IF, Olsen ML, Sontheimer H. Increased expression of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans in dentate gyrus and amygdala causes postinfectious seizures. Brain 2024; 147:1856-1870. [PMID: 38146224 PMCID: PMC11068111 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Alterations in the extracellular matrix are common in patients with epilepsy and animal models of epilepsy, yet whether they are the cause or consequence of seizures and epilepsy development is unknown. Using Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) infection-induced model of acquired epilepsy, we found de novo expression of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs), a major extracellular matrix component, in dentate gyrus (DG) and amygdala exclusively in mice with acute seizures. Preventing the synthesis of CSPGs specifically in DG and amygdala by deletion of the major CSPG aggrecan reduced seizure burden. Patch-clamp recordings from dentate granule cells revealed enhanced intrinsic and synaptic excitability in seizing mice that was significantly ameliorated by aggrecan deletion. In situ experiments suggested that dentate granule cell hyperexcitability results from negatively charged CSPGs increasing stationary cations on the membrane, thereby depolarizing neurons, increasing their intrinsic and synaptic excitability. These results show increased expression of CSPGs in the DG and amygdala as one of the causal factors for TMEV-induced acute seizures. We also show identical changes in CSPGs in pilocarpine-induced epilepsy, suggesting that enhanced CSPGs in the DG and amygdala may be a common ictogenic factor and potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipan C Patel
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Nathaniel Swift
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Bhanu P Tewari
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Jack L Browning
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Courtney Prim
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Lata Chaunsali
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Ian F Kimbrough
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Michelle L Olsen
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Harald Sontheimer
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
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Mayne P, Das J, Zou S, Sullivan RKP, Burne THJ. Perineuronal nets are associated with decision making under conditions of uncertainty in female but not male mice. Behav Brain Res 2024; 461:114845. [PMID: 38184206 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.114845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Biological sex influences decision-making processes in significant ways, differentiating the responses animals choose when faced with a range of stimuli. The neurobiological underpinnings that dictate sex differences in decision-making tasks remains an important open question, yet single-sex studies of males form most studies in behavioural neuroscience. Here we used female and male BALB/c mice on two spatial learning and memory tasks and examined the expression of perineuronal nets (PNNs) and parvalbumin interneurons (PV) in regions correlated with spatial memory. Mice underwent the aversive active place avoidance (APA) task or the appetitive trial-unique nonmatching-to-location (TUNL) touchscreen task. Mice in the APA cohort learnt to avoid the foot-shock and no differences were observed on key measures of the task nor in the number and intensity of PNNs and PV. On the delay but not separation manipulation in the TUNL task, females received more incorrect trials and less correct trials compared to males. Furthermore, females in this cohort exhibited higher intensity PNNs and PV cells in the agranular and granular retrosplenial cortex, compared to males. These data show that female and male mice perform similarly on spatial learning tasks. However, sex differences in neural circuitry may underly differences in making decisions under conditions of uncertainty on an appetitive task. These data emphasise the importance of using mice of both sexes in studies of decision-making neuroscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phoebe Mayne
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Joyosmita Das
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Simin Zou
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Robert K P Sullivan
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Thomas H J Burne
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Wacol, QLD 4076, Australia.
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Wéber I, Dakos A, Mészár Z, Matesz C, Birinyi A. Developmental patterns of extracellular matrix molecules in the embryonic and postnatal mouse hindbrain. Front Neuroanat 2024; 18:1369103. [PMID: 38496826 PMCID: PMC10940344 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2024.1369103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Normal brain development requires continuous communication between developing neurons and their environment filled by a complex network referred to as extracellular matrix (ECM). The ECM is divided into distinct families of molecules including hyaluronic acid, proteoglycans, glycoproteins such as tenascins, and link proteins. In this study, we characterize the temporal and spatial distribution of the extracellular matrix molecules in the embryonic and postnatal mouse hindbrain by using antibodies and lectin histochemistry. In the embryo, hyaluronan and neurocan were found in high amounts until the time of birth whereas versican and tenascin-R were detected in lower intensities during the whole embryonic period. After birth, both hyaluronic acid and neurocan still produced intense staining in almost all areas of the hindbrain, while tenascin-R labeling showed a continuous increase during postnatal development. The reaction with WFA and aggrecan was revealed first 4th postnatal day (P4) with low staining intensities, while HAPLN was detected two weeks after birth (P14). The perineuronal net appeared first around the facial and vestibular neurons at P4 with hyaluronic acid cytochemistry. One week after birth aggrecan, neurocan, tenascin-R, and WFA were also accumulated around the neurons located in several hindbrain nuclei, but HAPLN1 was detected on the second postnatal week. Our results provide further evidence that many extracellular macromolecules that will be incorporated into the perineuronal net are already expressed at embryonic and early postnatal stages of development to control differentiation, migration, and synaptogenesis of neurons. In late postnatal period, the experience-driven neuronal activity induces formation of perineuronal net to stabilize synaptic connections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ildikó Wéber
- Laboratory of Brainstem Neuronal Networks and Neuronal Regeneration, Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Adél Dakos
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Mészár
- Laboratory of Brainstem Neuronal Networks and Neuronal Regeneration, Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Clara Matesz
- Laboratory of Brainstem Neuronal Networks and Neuronal Regeneration, Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Division of Oral Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - András Birinyi
- Laboratory of Brainstem Neuronal Networks and Neuronal Regeneration, Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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11
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Morphett JC, Whittaker AL, Reichelt AC, Hutchinson MR. Perineuronal net structure as a non-cellular mechanism contributing to affective state: A scoping review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 158:105568. [PMID: 38309496 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Affective state encompasses emotional responses to our physiology and influences how we perceive and respond within our environment. In affective disorders such as depression, cognitive adaptability is challenged, and structural and functional brain changes have been identified. However, an incomplete understanding persists of the molecular and cellular mechanisms at play in affective state. An exciting area of newly appreciated importance is perineuronal nets (PNNs); a specialised component of extracellular matrix playing a critical role in neuroprotection and synaptic plasticity. A scoping review found 24 studies demonstrating that PNNs are still a developing field of research with a promising general trend for stress in adulthood to increase the intensity of PNNs, whereas stress in adolescence reduced (potentially developmentally delayed) PNN numbers and intensity, while antidepressants correlated with reduced PNN numbers. Despite promising trends, limited research underscores the need for further exploration, emphasizing behavioral outcomes for validating affective states. Understanding PNNs' role may offer therapeutic insights for depression and inform biomarker development, advancing precision medicine and enhancing well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Morphett
- School of Biomedicine, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Kaurna Country, Australia.
| | - A L Whittaker
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA, Australia
| | - A C Reichelt
- School of Biomedicine, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Kaurna Country, Australia
| | - M R Hutchinson
- School of Biomedicine, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Kaurna Country, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Davies Livestock Research Centre, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA, Australia
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12
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Siegler PN, Shaughnessy EK, Horman B, Vierling TT, King DH, Patisaul HB, Huhman KL, Alexander GM, Dudek SM. Identification of hippocampal area CA2 in hamster and vole brain. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.12.579957. [PMID: 38405991 PMCID: PMC10888814 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.12.579957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster) and Syrian, or golden, hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) are closely related to mice (Mus musculus) and rats (Rattus norvegicus, for example) and are commonly used in studies of social behavior including social interaction, social memory, and aggression. The CA2 region of the hippocampus is known to play a key role in social memory and aggression in mice and responds to social stimuli in rats, likely owing to its high expression of oxytocin and vasopressin 1b receptors. However, CA2 has yet to be identified and characterized in hamsters or voles. In this study, we sought to determine whether CA2 could be identified molecularly in vole and hamster. To do this, we used immunofluorescence with primary antibodies raised against known molecular markers of CA2 in mice and rats to stain hippocampal sections from voles and hamsters in parallel with those from mice. Here, we report that, like in mouse and rat, staining for many CA2 proteins in vole and hamster hippocampus reveals a population of neurons that express regulator of G protein signaling 14 (RGS14), Purkinje cell protein 4 (PCP4) and striatal-enriched protein tyrosine phosphatase (STEP), which together delineate the borders with CA3 and CA1. These cells were located at the distal end of the mossy fiber projections, marked by the presence of Zinc Transporter 3 (ZnT-3) and calbindin in all three species. In addition to staining the mossy fibers, calbindin also labeled a layer of CA1 pyramidal cells in mouse and hamster but not in vole. However, Wolframin ER transmembrane glycoprotein (WFS1) immunofluorescence, which marks all CA1 neurons, was present in all three species and abutted the distal end of CA2, marked by RGS14 immunofluorescence. Staining for two stress hormone receptors-the glucocorticoid (GR) and mineralocorticoid (MR) receptors-was also similar in all three species, with GR staining found primarily in CA1 and MR staining enriched in CA2. Interestingly, although perineuronal nets (PNNs) are known to surround CA2 cells in mouse and rat, we found that staining for PNNs differed across species in that both CA2 and CA3 showed staining in voles and primarily CA3 in hamsters with only some neurons in proximal CA2 showing staining. These results demonstrate that, like in mouse, CA2 in voles and hamsters can be molecularly distinguished from neighboring CA1 and CA3 areas, but PNN staining is less useful for identifying CA2 in the latter two species. These findings reveal commonalities across species in molecular profile of CA2, which will facilitate future studies of CA2 in these species. Yet to be determined is how differences in PNNs might relate to differences in social behavior across species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preston Nicole Siegler
- Neurobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, 111 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 USA
- Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | | | - Brian Horman
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Tia T. Vierling
- Neurobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, 111 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 USA
| | - Darron H. King
- Neurobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, 111 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 USA
| | - Heather B. Patisaul
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Kim L. Huhman
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Georgia M. Alexander
- Neurobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, 111 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 USA
| | - Serena M. Dudek
- Neurobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, 111 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 USA
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13
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Wingert JC, Ramos JD, Reynolds SX, Gonzalez AE, Rose RM, Hegarty DM, Aicher SA, Bailey LG, Brown TE, Abbas AI, Sorg BA. Perineuronal nets in the rat medial prefrontal cortex alter hippocampal-prefrontal oscillations and reshape cocaine self-administration memories. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.05.577568. [PMID: 38370716 PMCID: PMC10871211 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.05.577568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is a major contributor to relapse to cocaine in humans and to reinstatement behavior in rodent models of cocaine use disorder. Output from the mPFC is modulated by parvalbumin (PV)-containing fast-spiking interneurons, the majority of which are surrounded by perineuronal nets (PNNs). Here we tested whether chondroitinase ABC (ABC)- mediated removal of PNNs prevented the acquisition or reconsolidation of a cocaine self-administration memory. ABC injections into the dorsal mPFC prior to training attenuated the acquisition of cocaine self-administration. Also, ABC given 3 days prior to but not 1 hr after memory reactivation blocked cue-induced reinstatement. However, reduced reinstatement was present only in rats given a novel reactivation contingency, suggesting that PNNs are required for the updating of a familiar memory. In naive rats, ABC injections into mPFC did not alter excitatory or inhibitory puncta on PV cells but reduced PV intensity. Whole-cell recordings revealed a greater inter-spike interval 1 hr after ABC, but not 3 days later. In vivo recordings from the mPFC and dorsal hippocampus (dHIP) during novel memory reactivation revealed that ABC in the mPFC prevented reward-associated increases in beta and gamma activity as well as phase-amplitude coupling between the dHIP and mPFC. Together, our findings show that PNN removal attenuates the acquisition of cocaine self-administration memories and disrupts reconsolidation of the original memory when combined with a novel reactivation session. Further, reduced dHIP/mPFC coupling after PNN removal may serve as a key biomarker for how to disrupt reconsolidation of cocaine memories and reduce relapse.
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14
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Palicz R, Pater B, Truschow P, Witte M, Staiger JF. Intersectional strategy to study cortical inhibitory parvalbumin-expressing interneurons. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2829. [PMID: 38310185 PMCID: PMC10838283 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52901-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Parvalbumin-expressing (PV) interneurons are key neuronal elements to a global excitatory-inhibitory balance in normal cortical functioning. To better understand the circuit functions of PV interneurons, reliable animal models are needed. This study investigated the sensitivity and specificity of the most frequently used PV-Cre/tdTomato mouse line in this regard. The colocalization of the transgene (tdTomato) with the parvalbumin protein, with GAD1 (a conclusive inhibitory cell marker) and Vglut1 (a conclusive excitatory cell marker) as well as with a marker for perineuronal nets (WFA) was assessed and a substantial proportion of layer 5 PV neurons was found to be excitatory and not inhibitory in the PV-Cre/tdTomato mouse. The intersectional transgenic mouse line Vgat-Cre/PV-Flp/tdTomato provided a solution, since no colocalization of tdTomato with the Vglut1 probe was found there. In conclusion, the Vgat-Cre/PV-Flp/tdTomato mouse line seems to be a more reliable animal model for functional studies of GABAergic PV interneurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeka Palicz
- Center Anatomy, Institute for Neuroanatomy, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Bettina Pater
- Center Anatomy, Institute for Neuroanatomy, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Pavel Truschow
- Center Anatomy, Institute for Neuroanatomy, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mirko Witte
- Center Anatomy, Institute for Neuroanatomy, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jochen F Staiger
- Center Anatomy, Institute for Neuroanatomy, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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15
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Vita SM, Cruise SC, Gilpin NW, Molina PE. Histological comparison of repeated mild weight drop and lateral fluid percussion injury models of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in female and male rats. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.31.578177. [PMID: 38352449 PMCID: PMC10862833 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.31.578177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) heterogeneity has led to the development of several preclinical models, each modeling a distinct subset of outcomes. Selection of an injury model should be guided by the research question and the specific outcome measures of interest. Consequently, there is a need for conducting direct comparisons of different TBI models. Here, we used immunohistochemistry to directly compare the outcomes from two common models, lateral fluid percussion (LFP) and repeat mild weight drop (rmWD), on neuropathology in adult female and male Wistar rats. Specifically, we used immunohistochemistry to measure the effects of LFP and rmWD on cerebrovascular and tight junction disruption, inflammatory markers, mature neurons and perineuronal nets in the cortical site of injury, cortex adjacent to injury, dentate gyrus, and the CA2/3 area of the hippocampus. Animals were randomized into either LFP or rmWD groups. The LFP group received a craniotomy prior to LFP (or corresponding sham procedure) three days later, while rmWD animals underwent either weight drop or sham (isoflurane only) on each of those four days. After a recovery period of 7 days, animals were euthanized, and brains were harvested for analysis of RECA-1, claudin-5, GFAP, Iba-1, CD-68, NeuN, and wisteria floribunda lectin. Overall, our observations revealed that the most significant disruptions were evident in response to LFP, followed by craniotomy-only, while rmWD animals showed the least residual changes compared to isoflurane-only controls. These findings support consideration of rmWD as a mild, transient injury. LFP leads to longer-lasting disruptions that are more closely associated with a moderate TBI. We further show that both craniotomy and LFP produced greater disruptions in females relative to males at 7 days post-injury. These findings support the inclusion of a time-matched experimentally-naïve or anesthesia-only control group in preclinical TBI research to enhance the validity of data interpretation and conclusions.
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16
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Krystal JH, Kaye AP, Jefferson S, Girgenti MJ, Wilkinson ST, Sanacora G, Esterlis I. Ketamine and the neurobiology of depression: Toward next-generation rapid-acting antidepressant treatments. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2305772120. [PMID: 38011560 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2305772120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ketamine has emerged as a transformative and mechanistically novel pharmacotherapy for depression. Its rapid onset of action, efficacy for treatment-resistant symptoms, and protection against relapse distinguish it from prior antidepressants. Its discovery emerged from a reconceptualization of the neurobiology of depression and, in turn, insights from the elaboration of its mechanisms of action inform studies of the pathophysiology of depression and related disorders. It has been 25 y since we first presented our ketamine findings in depression. Thus, it is timely for this review to consider what we have learned from studies of ketamine and to suggest future directions for the optimization of rapid-acting antidepressant treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- John H Krystal
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Health Services, Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT 06510
- Clinical Neuroscience Division, National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT 06516
| | - Alfred P Kaye
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511
- Clinical Neuroscience Division, National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT 06516
| | - Sarah Jefferson
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511
- Clinical Neuroscience Division, National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT 06516
| | - Matthew J Girgenti
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511
- Clinical Neuroscience Division, National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT 06516
| | - Samuel T Wilkinson
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Health Services, Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT 06510
| | - Gerard Sanacora
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Health Services, Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT 06510
| | - Irina Esterlis
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511
- Clinical Neuroscience Division, National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT 06516
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17
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Lemieux SP, Lev-Ram V, Tsien RY, Ellisman MH. Perineuronal nets and the neuronal extracellular matrix can be imaged by genetically encoded labeling of HAPLN1 in vitro and in vivo. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.29.569151. [PMID: 38076839 PMCID: PMC10705503 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.29.569151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Neuronal extracellular matrix (ECM) and a specific form of ECM called the perineuronal net (PNN) are important structures for central nervous system (CNS) integrity and synaptic plasticity. PNNs are distinctive, dense extracellular structures that surround parvalbumin (PV)-positive inhibitory interneurons with openings at mature synapses. Enzyme-mediated PNN disruption can erase established memories and re-open critical periods in animals, suggesting that PNNs are important for memory stabilization and conservation. Here, we characterized the structure and distribution of several ECM/PNN molecules around neurons in culture, brain slice, and whole mouse brain. While specific lectins are well-established as PNN markers and label a distinct, fenestrated structure around PV neurons, we show that other CNS neurons possess similar extracellular structures assembled around hyaluronic acid, suggesting a PNN-like structure of different composition that is more widespread. We additionally report that genetically encoded labeling of hyaluronan and proteoglycan link protein 1 (HAPLN1) reveals a PNN-like structure around many neurons in vitro and in vivo. Our findings add to our understanding of neuronal extracellular structures and describe a new mouse model for monitoring live ECM dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakina P. Lemieux
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla CA 92093-0647
| | - Varda Lev-Ram
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla CA 92093-0647
| | - Roger Y. Tsien
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla CA 92093-0647
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla CA 92093-0647
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, Center for Biological Systems, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla CA 92093
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla CA 92093
| | - Mark H. Ellisman
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla CA 92093-0647
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla CA 92093-0647
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18
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Almassri LS, Ohl AP, Iafrate MC, Wade AD, Tokar NJ, Mafi AM, Beebe NL, Young JW, Mellott JG. Age-related upregulation of perineuronal nets on inferior collicular cells that project to the cochlear nucleus. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1271008. [PMID: 38053844 PMCID: PMC10694216 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1271008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Disruptions to the balance of excitation and inhibition in the inferior colliculus (IC) occur during aging and underlie various aspects of hearing loss. Specifically, the age-related alteration to GABAergic neurotransmission in the IC likely contributes to the poorer temporal precision characteristic of presbycusis. Perineuronal nets (PNs), a specialized form of the extracellular matrix, maintain excitatory/inhibitory synaptic environments and reduce structural plasticity. We sought to determine whether PNs increasingly surround cell populations in the aged IC that comprise excitatory descending projections to the cochlear nucleus. Method We combined Wisteria floribunda agglutinin (WFA) staining for PNs with retrograde tract-tracing in three age groups of Fischer Brown Norway (FBN) rats. Results The data demonstrate that the percentage of IC-CN cells with a PN doubles from ~10% at young age to ~20% at old age. This was true in both lemniscal and non-lemniscal IC. Discussion Furthermore, the increase of PNs occurred on IC cells that make both ipsilateral and contralateral descending projections to the CN. These results indicate that reduced structural plasticity in the elderly IC-CN pathway, affecting excitatory/inhibitory balance and, potentially, may lead to reduced temporal precision associated with presbycusis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila S. Almassri
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, United States
| | - Andrew P. Ohl
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, United States
| | - Milena C. Iafrate
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States
| | - Aidan D. Wade
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States
| | - Nick J. Tokar
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, United States
| | - Amir M. Mafi
- The Ohio State College of Medicine, The Ohio State, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Nichole L. Beebe
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, United States
| | - Jesse W. Young
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, United States
| | - Jeffrey G. Mellott
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, United States
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19
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Gray DT, Zempare M, Carey N, Khattab S, Sinakevitch I, De Biase LM, Barnes CA. Extracellular matrix proteoglycans support aged hippocampus networks: a potential cellular-level mechanism of brain reserve. Neurobiol Aging 2023; 131:52-58. [PMID: 37572527 PMCID: PMC10529564 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2023.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
One hallmark of normative brain aging is vast heterogeneity in whether older people succumb to or resist cognitive decline. Resilience describes a brain's capacity to maintain cognition in the face of aging and disease. One factor influencing resilience is brain reserve-the status of neurobiological resources available to support neuronal circuits as dysfunction accumulates. This study uses a cohort of behaviorally characterized adult, middle-aged, and aged rats to test whether neurobiological factors that protect inhibitory neurotransmission and synapse function represent key components of brain reserve. Histochemical analysis of extracellular matrix proteoglycans, which play critical roles in stabilizing synapses and modulating inhibitory neuron excitability, was conducted alongside analyses of lipofuscin-associated autofluorescence. The findings indicate that aging results in lower proteoglycan density and more lipofuscin in CA3. Aged rats with higher proteoglycan density exhibited better performance on the Morris watermaze, whereas lipofuscin abundance was not related to spatial memory. These data suggest that the local environment around neurons may protect against synapse dysfunction or hyperexcitability and could contribute to brain reserve mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel T Gray
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Marc Zempare
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Natalie Carey
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Salma Khattab
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Irina Sinakevitch
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Lindsay M De Biase
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Carol A Barnes
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Departments of Psychology, Neurology and Neuroscience, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
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20
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Mykins M, Layo-Carris D, Dunn LR, Skinner DW, McBryar AH, Perez S, Shultz TR, Willems A, Lau BYB, Hong T, Krishnan K. Wild-type MECP2 expression coincides with age-dependent sensory phenotypes in a female mouse model for Rett syndrome. J Neurosci Res 2023; 101:1236-1258. [PMID: 37026482 PMCID: PMC10332853 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Rett syndrome is characterized by an early period of typical development and then, regression of learned motor and speech skills in girls. Loss of MECP2 protein is thought to cause Rett syndrome phenotypes. The specific underlying mechanisms from typical developmental trajectory to regression features throughout life are unclear. Lack of established timelines to study the molecular, cellular, and behavioral features of regression in female mouse models is a major contributing factor. Due to random X-chromosome inactivation, female patients with Rett syndrome and female mouse models for Rett syndrome (Mecp2Heterozygous , Het) express a functional copy of wild-type MECP2 protein in approximately half of all cells. As MECP2 expression is regulated during early postnatal development and experience, we characterized the expression of wild-type MECP2 in the primary somatosensory cortex of female Het mice. Here, we report increased MECP2 levels in non-parvalbumin-positive neurons of 6-week-old adolescent Het relative to age-matched wild-type controls, while also displaying typical levels of perineuronal net expression in the barrel field subregion of the primary somatosensory cortex, mild tactile sensory perception deficits, and efficient pup retrieval behavior. In contrast, 12-week-old adult Het express MECP2 at levels similar to age-matched wild-type mice, show increased perineuronal net expression in the cortex, and display significant tactile sensory perception deficits. Thus, we have identified a set of behavioral metrics and the cellular substrates to study regression during a specific time in the female Het mouse model, which coincides with changes in wild-type MECP2 expression. We speculate that the precocious increase in MECP2 expression within specific cell types of adolescent Het may provide compensatory benefits at the behavioral level, while the inability to further increase MECP2 levels leads to regressive behavioral phenotypes over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Mykins
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Dana Layo-Carris
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Logan Reid Dunn
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - David Wilson Skinner
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Alexandra Hart McBryar
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Sarah Perez
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Trinity Rose Shultz
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Andrew Willems
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Billy You Bun Lau
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Tian Hong
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Keerthi Krishnan
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
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21
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Biro L, Miskolczi C, Szebik H, Bruzsik B, Varga ZK, Szente L, Toth M, Halasz J, Mikics E. Post-weaning social isolation in male mice leads to abnormal aggression and disrupted network organization in the prefrontal cortex: Contribution of parvalbumin interneurons with or without perineuronal nets. Neurobiol Stress 2023; 25:100546. [PMID: 37323648 PMCID: PMC10265620 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2023.100546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Adverse social experiences during childhood increase the risk of developing aggression-related psychopathologies. The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is a key regulator of social behavior, where experience-dependent network development is tied to the maturation of parvalbumin-positive (PV+) interneurons. Maltreatment in childhood could impact PFC development and lead to disturbances in social behavior during later life. However, our knowledge regarding the impact of early-life social stress on PFC operation and PV+ cell function is still scarce. Here, we used post-weaning social isolation (PWSI) to model early-life social neglect in mice and to study the associated neuronal changes in the PFC, additionally distinguishing between the two main subpopulations of PV+ interneurons, i.e. those without or those enwrapped by perineuronal nets (PNN). For the first time to such detailed extent in mice, we show that PWSI induced disturbances in social behavior, including abnormal aggression, excessive vigilance and fragmented behavioral organization. PWSI mice showed altered resting-state and fighting-induced co-activation patterns between orbitofrontal and medial PFC (mPFC) subregions, with a particularly highly elevated activity in the mPFC. Surprisingly, aggressive interaction was associated with a higher recruitment of mPFC PV+ neurons that were surrounded by PNN in PWSI mice that seemed to mediate the emergence of social deficits. PWSI did not affect the number of PV+ neurons and PNN density, but enhanced PV and PNN intensity as well as cortical and subcortical glutamatergic drive onto mPFC PV+ neurons. Our results suggest that the increased excitatory input of PV+ cells could emerge as a compensatory mechanism for the PV+ neuron-mediated impaired inhibition of mPFC layer 5 pyramidal neurons, since we found lower numbers of GABAergic PV+ puncta on the perisomatic region of these cells. In conclusion, PWSI leads to altered PV-PNN activity and impaired excitatory/inhibitory balance in the mPFC, which possibly contributes to social behavioral disruptions seen in PWSI mice. Our data advances our understanding on how early-life social stress can impact the maturing PFC and lead to the development of social abnormalities in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laszlo Biro
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory of Translational Behavioural Neuroscience, 1083 Budapest, Szigony utca 43., Hungary
| | - Christina Miskolczi
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory of Translational Behavioural Neuroscience, 1083 Budapest, Szigony utca 43., Hungary
- Janos Szentagothai Doctoral School of Neurosciences, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Ulloi ut 26., Hungary
| | - Huba Szebik
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory of Translational Behavioural Neuroscience, 1083 Budapest, Szigony utca 43., Hungary
- Janos Szentagothai Doctoral School of Neurosciences, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Ulloi ut 26., Hungary
| | - Biborka Bruzsik
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory of Translational Behavioural Neuroscience, 1083 Budapest, Szigony utca 43., Hungary
| | - Zoltan Kristof Varga
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory of Translational Behavioural Neuroscience, 1083 Budapest, Szigony utca 43., Hungary
| | - Laszlo Szente
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory of Translational Behavioural Neuroscience, 1083 Budapest, Szigony utca 43., Hungary
- Janos Szentagothai Doctoral School of Neurosciences, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Ulloi ut 26., Hungary
| | - Mate Toth
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory of Translational Behavioural Neuroscience, 1083 Budapest, Szigony utca 43., Hungary
| | - Jozsef Halasz
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory of Translational Behavioural Neuroscience, 1083 Budapest, Szigony utca 43., Hungary
| | - Eva Mikics
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory of Translational Behavioural Neuroscience, 1083 Budapest, Szigony utca 43., Hungary
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22
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Dudek SM, Phoenix AN, Scappini E, Shepeleva DV, Herbeck YE, Trut LN, Farris S, Kukekova AV. Defining hippocampal area CA2 in the fox (Vulpes vulpes) brain. Hippocampus 2023; 33:700-711. [PMID: 37159095 PMCID: PMC10274530 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Since 1959, the Russian Farm-Fox study has bred foxes to be either tame or, more recently, aggressive, and scientists have used them to gain insight into the brain structures associated with these behavioral features. In mice, hippocampal area CA2 has emerged as one of the essential regulators of social aggression, and so to eventually determine whether we could identify differences in CA2 between tame and aggressive foxes, we first sought to identify CA2 in foxes (Vulpes vulpes). As no clearly defined area of CA2 has been described in species such as cats, dogs, or pigs, it was not at all clear whether CA2 could be identified in foxes. In this study, we cut sections of temporal lobes from male and female red foxes, perpendicular to the long axis of the hippocampus, and stained them with markers of CA2 pyramidal cells commonly used in tissue from rats and mice. We observed that antibodies against Purkinje cell protein 4 best stained the pyramidal cells in the area spanning the end of the mossy fibers and the beginning of the pyramidal cells lacking mossy fibers, resembling the pattern seen in rats and mice. Our findings indicate that foxes do have a "molecularly defined" CA2, and further, they suggest that other carnivores like dogs and cats might as well. With this being the case, these foxes could be useful in future studies looking at CA2 as it relates to aggression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena M Dudek
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ashley N Phoenix
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Erica Scappini
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Darya V Shepeleva
- Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Yury E Herbeck
- Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food & Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Lyudmila N Trut
- Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Shannon Farris
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, Virginia, USA
| | - Anna V Kukekova
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
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23
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Patel DC, Swift N, Tewari BP, Browning JL, Prim C, Chaunsali L, Kimbrough I, Olsen ML, Sontheimer H. Infection-induced epilepsy is caused by increased expression of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans in hippocampus and amygdala. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.16.541066. [PMID: 37292901 PMCID: PMC10245664 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.16.541066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Alterations in the extracellular matrix (ECM) are common in epilepsy, yet whether they are cause or consequence of disease is unknow. Using Theiler's virus infection model of acquired epilepsy we find de novo expression of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs), a major ECM component, in dentate gyrus (DG) and amygdala exclusively in mice with seizures. Preventing synthesis of CSPGs specifically in DG and amygdala by deletion of major CSPG aggrecan reduced seizure burden. Patch-clamp recordings from dentate granule cells (DGCs) revealed enhanced intrinsic and synaptic excitability in seizing mice that was normalized by aggrecan deletion. In situ experiments suggest that DGCs hyperexcitability results from negatively charged CSPGs increasing stationary cations (K+, Ca2+) on the membrane thereby depolarizing neurons, increasing their intrinsic and synaptic excitability. We show similar changes in CSPGs in pilocarpine-induced epilepsy suggesting enhanced CSPGs in the DG and amygdala may be a common ictogenic factor and novel therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipan C Patel
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Nathaniel Swift
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Bhanu P Tewari
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Jack L Browning
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Courtney Prim
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Lata Chaunsali
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Ian Kimbrough
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Michelle L Olsen
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Harald Sontheimer
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
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24
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Jaggar M, Ghosh S, Janakiraman B, Chatterjee A, Maheshwari M, Dewan V, Hare B, Deb S, Figueiredo D, Duman RS, Vaidya VA. Influence of Chronic Electroconvulsive Seizures on Plasticity-Associated Gene Expression and Perineuronal Nets Within the Hippocampi of Young Adult and Middle-Aged Sprague-Dawley Rats. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2023; 26:294-306. [PMID: 36879414 PMCID: PMC10109107 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyad008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electroconvulsive seizure therapy is often used in both treatment-resistant and geriatric depression. However, preclinical studies identifying targets of chronic electroconvulsive seizure (ECS) are predominantly focused on animal models in young adulthood. Given that putative transcriptional, neurogenic, and neuroplastic mechanisms implicated in the behavioral effects of chronic ECS themselves exhibit age-dependent modulation, it remains unknown whether the molecular and cellular targets of chronic ECS vary with age. METHODS We subjected young adult (2-3 months) and middle-aged (12-13 months), male Sprague Dawley rats to sham or chronic ECS and assessed for despair-like behavior, hippocampal gene expression, hippocampal neurogenesis, and neuroplastic changes in the extracellular matrix, reelin, and perineuronal net numbers. RESULTS Chronic ECS reduced despair-like behavior at both ages, accompanied by overlapping and unique changes in activity-dependent and trophic factor gene expression. Although chronic ECS had a similar impact on quiescent neural progenitor numbers at both ages, the eventual increase in hippocampal progenitor proliferation was substantially higher in young adulthood. We noted a decline in reelin⁺ cell numbers following chronic ECS only in young adulthood. In contrast, an age-invariant, robust dissolution of perineuronal net numbers that encapsulate parvalbumin⁺ neurons in the hippocampus were observed following chronic ECS. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that age is a key variable in determining the nature of chronic ECS-evoked molecular and cellular changes in the hippocampus. This raises the intriguing possibility that chronic ECS may recruit distinct, as well as overlapping, mechanisms to drive antidepressant-like behavioral changes in an age-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minal Jaggar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
| | - Shreya Ghosh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
| | - Balaganesh Janakiraman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
| | - Ashmita Chatterjee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
| | - Megha Maheshwari
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
| | - Vani Dewan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
| | - Brendan Hare
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Sukrita Deb
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
| | - Dwight Figueiredo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
| | - Ronald S Duman
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Vidita A Vaidya
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
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25
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Lev-Ram V, Lemieux SP, Deerinck TJ, Bushong EA, Toyama BH, Perez A, Pritchard DR, Park SKR, McClatchy DB, Savas JN, Taylor SS, Ellisman MH, Yates J, Tsien RY. Do perineuronal nets stabilize the engram of a synaptic circuit? BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.09.536164. [PMID: 37066274 PMCID: PMC10104172 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.09.536164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Perineuronal nets (PNN), a specialized form of ECM (?), surround numerous neurons in the CNS and allow synaptic connectivity through holes in its structure. We hypothesis that PNNs serve as gatekeepers that guard and protect synaptic territory, and thus may stabilize an engram circuit. We present high-resolution, and 3D EM images of PNN- engulfed neurons showing that synapses occupy the PNN holes, and that invasion of other cellular components are rare. PNN constituents are long-lived and can be eroded faster in an enriched environment, while synaptic proteins have high turnover rate. Preventing PNN erosion by using pharmacological inhibition of PNN-modifying proteases or MMP9 knockout mice allowed normal fear memory acquisition but diminished remote-memory stabilization, supporting the above hypothesis. Significance In this multidisciplinary work, we challenge the hypothesis that the pattern of holes in the perineuronal nets (PNN) hold the code for very-long-term memories. The scope of this work might lead us closer to the understanding of how we can vividly remember events from childhood to death bed. We postulate that the PNN holes hold the code for the engram. To test this hypothesis, we used three independent experimental strategies; high-resolution 3D electron microscopy, Stable Isotop Labeling in Mammals (SILAM) for proteins longevity, and pharmacologically and genetically interruption of memory consolidation in fear conditioning experiments. All of these experimental results did not dispute the PNN hypothesis.
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26
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Gray DT, Khattab S, Meltzer J, McDermott K, Schwyhart R, Sinakevitch I, Härtig W, Barnes CA. Retrosplenial cortex microglia and perineuronal net densities are associated with memory impairment in aged rhesus macaques. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:4626-4644. [PMID: 36169578 PMCID: PMC10110451 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Synapse loss and altered plasticity are significant contributors to memory loss in aged individuals. Microglia, the innate immune cells of the brain, play critical roles in maintaining synapse function, including through a recently identified role in regulating the brain extracellular matrix. This study sought to determine the relationship between age, microglia, and extracellular matrix structure densities in the macaque retrosplenial cortex. Twenty-nine macaques ranging in age from young adult to aged were behaviorally characterized on 3 distinct memory tasks. Microglia, parvalbumin (PV)-expressing interneurons and extracellular matrix structures, known as perineuronal nets (PNNs), were immuno- and histochemically labeled. Our results indicate that microglia densities increase in the retrosplenial cortex of aged monkeys, while the proportion of PV neurons surrounded by PNNs decreases. Aged monkeys with more microglia had fewer PNN-associated PV neurons and displayed slower learning and poorer performance on an object recognition task. Stepwise regression models using age and the total density of aggrecan, a chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan of PNNs, better predicted memory performance than did age alone. Together, these findings indicate that elevated microglial activity in aged brains negatively impacts cognition in part through mechanisms that alter PNN assembly in memory-associated brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel T Gray
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States
| | - Salma Khattab
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States
| | - Jeri Meltzer
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States
| | - Kelsey McDermott
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States
| | - Rachel Schwyhart
- Paul Flechsig Institute for Brain Research, University of Leipzig, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Irina Sinakevitch
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States
| | - Wolfgang Härtig
- Paul Flechsig Institute for Brain Research, University of Leipzig, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Carol A Barnes
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States
- Departments of Psychology, Neurology and Neuroscience, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States
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27
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Reduced expression of perineuronal nets in the normotopic somatosensory cortex of the tish rat. Brain Res 2023; 1800:148179. [PMID: 36511312 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2022.148179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The tish (telencephalic internal structural heterotopia) rat is a naturally occurring and unique model of a malformation of cortical development (MCD) arising from a sponeantous mutation in the Eml1 gene. Tish rats are characterized by a macroscopic bilateral heterotopic dysplastic cortex (HDCx) and an overlaying, intact normotopic neocortex (NNCx). These two cortices are functional and have been reported to innervate and establish connections with subcortical regions including the thalamus, resulting in a dual-cortical representation. Additionally, impaired GABAergic neurotransmission and early-onset spike wave discharge bursts have been reported in developing tish rats. Perineuronal nets (PNNs) are specialized extraceullar matrix structures that predominately surround and stabilize parvalbumin-positive (PV+) GABAergic interneurons and are essential components of the neural landscape. Here, we report a significant reduction in the average number of WFA+-PNNs in the normotopic somatosensory cortex (NSSCx) of the tish rat at two developmental time points, P16 and P35, corresponding to a decrease in the number of PV+ interneurons ensheathed by a PNN in the NSSCx. Compared with control animals, PNN expression was partially, but significantly restored following treatment with insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). These data suggest that the 'dual cortical representation' in the setting of an MCD reduces the cortical activation necessary for proper PNN expression likely contributing to the impairments in GABAergic neurotransmission and network excitability previously identified in the tish rat.
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28
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Casquero-Veiga M, Lamanna-Rama N, Romero-Miguel D, Rojas-Marquez H, Alcaide J, Beltran M, Nacher J, Desco M, Soto-Montenegro ML. The Poly I:C maternal immune stimulation model shows unique patterns of brain metabolism, morphometry, and plasticity in female rats. Front Behav Neurosci 2023; 16:1022622. [PMID: 36733452 PMCID: PMC9888250 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.1022622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Prenatal infections are associated with an increased risk of the onset of schizophrenia. Rodent models of maternal immune stimulation (MIS) have been extensively used in preclinical studies. However, many of these studies only include males, omitting pathophysiological features unique to females. The aim of this study is to characterize the MIS model in female rats using positron emission tomography (PET), structural magnetic resonance imaging (MR), and neuroplasticiy studies. Methods: In gestational day 15, Poly I:C (or Saline) was injected into pregnant Wistar rats to induce the MIS model. Imaging studies: [18F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose-PET scans of female-offspring were acquired at post-natal day (PND) 35 and PND100. Furthermore, T2-MR brain images were acquired in adulthood. Differences in FDG uptake and morphometry between groups were assessed with SPM12 and Regions of Interest (ROI) analyses. Ex vivo study: The density of parvalbumin expressing interneurons (PV), perineuronal nets (PNN), and parvalbumin expressing interneurons surrounded by perineuronal nets (PV-PNN) were evaluated in the prelimbic cortex and basolateral amygdala using confocal microscopy. ROIs and neuroplasticity data were analyzed by 2-sample T-test and 2-way-ANOVA analyses, respectively. Results: A significant increase in brain metabolism was found in all animals at adulthood compared to adolescence. MIS hardly modified brain glucose metabolism in females, highlighting a significant hypometabolism in the thalamus at adulthood. In addition, MIS induced gray matter (GM) enlargements in the pituitary, hippocampus, substantia nigra, and cingulate cortex, and GM shrinkages in some thalamic nuclei, cerebelar areas, and brainstem. Moreover, MIS induced white matter shrinkages in the cerebellum, brainstem and corpus callosum, along with cerebrospinal fluid enlargements in the lateral and 4th ventricles. Finally, MIS reduced the density of PV, PNN, and PV-PNN in the basolateral amygdala. Conclusion: Our work showed in vivo the differential pattern of functional and morphometric affectation in the MIS model in females, as well as the deficits caused at the synaptic level according to sex. The differences obtained highlight the relevance of including both sexes in psychiatric research in order to consider their pathophysiological particularities and successfully extend the benefits obtained to the entire patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Casquero-Veiga
- Laboratorio de Imagen Médica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain,Cardiovascular Imaging and Population Studies, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Nicolás Lamanna-Rama
- Laboratorio de Imagen Médica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain,Departamento de Bioingeniería e Ingeniería Aeroespacial, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Romero-Miguel
- Laboratorio de Imagen Médica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain,Departamento de Bioingeniería e Ingeniería Aeroespacial, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Henar Rojas-Marquez
- Laboratorio de Imagen Médica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain,Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain,Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Julia Alcaide
- Neurobiology Unit, Cell Biology Departament, BIOTECMED Institute, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain,CIBER de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain,Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico de Valencia, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marc Beltran
- Neurobiology Unit, Cell Biology Departament, BIOTECMED Institute, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Juan Nacher
- Neurobiology Unit, Cell Biology Departament, BIOTECMED Institute, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain,CIBER de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain,Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico de Valencia, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Manuel Desco
- Laboratorio de Imagen Médica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain,CIBER de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain,Advanced Imaging Unit, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain,Departamento de Bioingeniería e Ingeniería Aeroespacial, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Campus de Getafe, Madrid, Spain,*Correspondence: Manuel Desco Maria Luisa Soto-Montenegro
| | - Maria Luisa Soto-Montenegro
- Laboratorio de Imagen Médica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain,CIBER de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain,High Performance Research Group in Physiopathology and Pharmacology of the Digestive System (NeuGut), University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), Alcorcón, Spain,*Correspondence: Manuel Desco Maria Luisa Soto-Montenegro
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Brown TE, Sorg BA. Net gain and loss: influence of natural rewards and drugs of abuse on perineuronal nets. Neuropsychopharmacology 2023; 48:3-20. [PMID: 35568740 PMCID: PMC9700711 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-022-01337-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Overindulgence, excessive consumption, and a pattern of compulsive use of natural rewards, such as certain foods or drugs of abuse, may result in the development of obesity or substance use disorder, respectively. Natural rewards and drugs of abuse can trigger similar changes in the neurobiological substrates that drive food- and drug-seeking behaviors. This review examines the impact natural rewards and drugs of abuse have on perineuronal nets (PNNs). PNNs are specialized extracellular matrix structures that ensheathe certain neurons during development over the critical period to provide synaptic stabilization and a protective microenvironment for the cells they surround. This review also analyzes how natural rewards and drugs of abuse impact the density and maturation of PNNs within reward-associated circuitry of the brain, which may contribute to maladaptive food- and drug-seeking behaviors. Finally, we evaluate the relatively few studies that have degraded PNNs to perturb reward-seeking behaviors. Taken together, this review sheds light on the complex way PNNs are regulated by natural rewards and drugs and highlights a need for future studies to delineate the molecular mechanisms that underlie the modification and maintenance of PNNs following exposure to rewarding stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis E Brown
- Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA.
| | - Barbara A Sorg
- R.S. Dow Neurobiology, Legacy Research Institute, Portland, OR, 97232, USA
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30
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Jakovljevic A, Agatonovic G, Aleksic D, Aksic M, Reiss G, Förster E, Stamatakis A, Jakovcevski I, Poleksic J. The impact of early life maternal deprivation on the perineuronal nets in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of young adult rats. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10. [PMID: 36518543 PMCID: PMC9742529 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.982663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Early life stress negatively impacts brain development and affects structure and function of parvalbumin immunopositive (PV+) inhibitory neurons. Main regulators of PV+ interneurons activity and plasticity are perineuronal nets (PNNs), an extracellular matrix formation that enwraps PV+ interneurons mainly in the neocortex and hippocampus. To experimentally address the impact of early life stress on the PNNs and PV+ interneurons in the medial prefrontal cortex and dorsal hippocampus in rats, we employed a 24 h maternal deprivation protocol. We show that maternal deprivation in the medial prefrontal cortex of adult rats caused a decrease in density of overall PNNs and PNNs that enwrap PV+ interneurons in the rostral cingulate cortex. Furthermore, a staining intensity decrease of overall PNNs and PNN+/PV+ cells was found in the prelimbic cortex. Finally, a decrease in both intensity and density of overall PNNs and PNNs surrounding PV+ cells was observed in the infralimbic cortex, together with increase in the intensity of VGAT inhibitory puncta. Surprisingly, maternal deprivation did not cause any changes in the density of PV+ interneurons in the mPFC, neither had it affected PNNs and PV+ interneurons in the hippocampus. Taken together, our findings indicate that PNNs, specifically the ones enwrapping PV+ interneurons in the medial prefrontal cortex, are affected by early life stress.
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John U, Patro N, Patro I. Perineuronal nets: Cruise from a honeycomb to the safety nets. Brain Res Bull 2022; 190:179-194. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Guarque-Chabrera J, Sanchez-Hernandez A, Ibáñez-Marín P, Melchor-Eixea I, Miquel M. Role of Perineuronal nets in the cerebellar cortex in cocaine-induced conditioned preference, extinction, and reinstatement. Neuropharmacology 2022; 218:109210. [PMID: 35985392 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Perineuronal nets (PNNs) are cartilage-like structures of extracellular matrix molecules that enwrap in a net-like manner the cell-body and proximal dendrites of special subsets of neurons. PNNs stabilize their incoming connections and restrict plasticity. Consequently, they have been proposed as a candidate mechanism for drug-induced learning and memory. In the cerebellum, PNNs surround Golgi inhibitory interneurons and both inhibitory and excitatory neurons in the deep cerebellar nuclei (DCN). Previous studies from the lab showed that cocaine-induced conditioned memory increased PNN expression in the granule cell layer of the posterior vermis. The present research aimed to investigate the role of cerebellar PNNs in cocaine-induced conditioned preference. For this purpose, we use the enzyme chondroitinase ABC (ChABC) to digest PNNs at different time points of the learning process to ascertain whether their removal can affect drug-induced memory. Our results show that PNN digestion using ChABC in the posterior vermis (Lobule VIII) did not affect the acquisition of cocaine-induced conditioned preference. However, the removal of PNNs in Lobule VIII -but not in the DCN- disrupted short-term memory of conditioned preference. Moreover, although PNN digestion facilitated the formation of extinction, reinstatement of cocaine-induced conditioned preference was encouraged under PNN digestion. The present findings suggests that PNNs around Golgi interneurons are needed to maintain cocaine-induced Pavlovian memory but also to stabilize extinction memory. Conversely, PNN degradation within the DCN did not affect stability of cocaine-induced memories. Therefore, degradation of PNNs in the vermis might be used as a promising tool to manipulate drug-induced memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Guarque-Chabrera
- Área de Psicobiología, Universitat Jaume I, Facultat de Ciencies de la Salut, Avenida Vicente Sos Baynat sn, 12071, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Aitor Sanchez-Hernandez
- Área de Psicobiología, Universitat Jaume I, Facultat de Ciencies de la Salut, Avenida Vicente Sos Baynat sn, 12071, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Patricia Ibáñez-Marín
- Área de Psicobiología, Universitat Jaume I, Facultat de Ciencies de la Salut, Avenida Vicente Sos Baynat sn, 12071, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Ignasi Melchor-Eixea
- Área de Psicobiología, Universitat Jaume I, Facultat de Ciencies de la Salut, Avenida Vicente Sos Baynat sn, 12071, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Marta Miquel
- Área de Psicobiología, Universitat Jaume I, Facultat de Ciencies de la Salut, Avenida Vicente Sos Baynat sn, 12071, Castellón de la Plana, Spain.
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Pantazopoulos H, Berretta S. Editorial: Brain extracellular matrix: Involvement in adult neural functions and disease volume II. Front Integr Neurosci 2022; 16:1009456. [PMID: 36046614 PMCID: PMC9421608 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2022.1009456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Harry Pantazopoulos
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
- *Correspondence: Harry Pantazopoulos
| | - Sabina Berretta
- Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, Mclean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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Lipachev N, Melnikova A, Fedosimova S, Arnst N, Kochneva A, Shaikhutdinov N, Dvoeglazova A, Titova A, Mavlikeev M, Aganov A, Osin Y, Kiyasov A, Paveliev M. Postnatal development of the microstructure of cortical GABAergic synapses and perineuronal nets requires sensory input. Neurosci Res 2022; 182:32-40. [PMID: 35710035 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2022.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The brain synaptic circuitry is formed as a result of pre-defined genetic programs and sensory experience during postnatal development. Perineuronal nets ensheath synaptic boutons and control several crucial features of the synapse physiology. Formation of the perineuronal net microstructure during the brain development remains largely unstudied. Here we provide a detailed quantitative description of the 3-dimensional geometry of the synapse and the surrounding perineuronal net in the mouse somatosensory cortex layer IV. We compare the morphology of the synapse+perineuronal net complex in the adult brain formed under normal conditions or in the whisker shaving model of somatosensory deprivation. We demonstrate that the sensory deprivation causes flattening of the 3D PNN mesh geometry and reduction of the VGAT-positive cluster volume in presynaptic boutons. These results reveal a mechanism of the sensory input-dependent synapse morphogenesis during the brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Lipachev
- Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 4, P.O. Box 56, 00790 Helsinki, Finland; Institute of Physics, Kazan Federal University, Kremlyovskaya 16a, 420111 Kazan, Tatarstan, Russia
| | - Anastasia Melnikova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Karl Marx 74, 420012 Kazan, Tatarstan, Russia
| | - Svetlana Fedosimova
- Interdisciplinary Center for Analytic Microscopy, Kazan Federal University, Parizhskoy Kommuny 9, 420021 Kazan, Tatarstan, Russia
| | - Nikita Arnst
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Karl Marx 74, 420012 Kazan, Tatarstan, Russia; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Anastasia Kochneva
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Karl Marx 74, 420012 Kazan, Tatarstan, Russia
| | - Nurislam Shaikhutdinov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Karl Marx 74, 420012 Kazan, Tatarstan, Russia; Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia Dvoeglazova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Karl Marx 74, 420012 Kazan, Tatarstan, Russia
| | - Angelina Titova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Karl Marx 74, 420012 Kazan, Tatarstan, Russia
| | - Mikhail Mavlikeev
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, North-Western State Medical University named after I.I.Mechnikov, Piskarevskiy prospect 47, Build. 23, 195067 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Albert Aganov
- Institute of Physics, Kazan Federal University, Kremlyovskaya 16a, 420111 Kazan, Tatarstan, Russia
| | - Yuri Osin
- Interdisciplinary Center for Analytic Microscopy, Kazan Federal University, Parizhskoy Kommuny 9, 420021 Kazan, Tatarstan, Russia
| | - Andrei Kiyasov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Karl Marx 74, 420012 Kazan, Tatarstan, Russia
| | - Mikhail Paveliev
- Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 4, P.O. Box 56, 00790 Helsinki, Finland.
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Mueller-Buehl C, Reinhard J, Roll L, Bader V, Winklhofer KF, Faissner A. Brevican, Neurocan, Tenascin-C, and Tenascin-R Act as Important Regulators of the Interplay Between Perineuronal Nets, Synaptic Integrity, Inhibitory Interneurons, and Otx2. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:886527. [PMID: 35721494 PMCID: PMC9201762 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.886527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fast-spiking parvalbumin interneurons are critical for the function of mature cortical inhibitory circuits. Most of these neurons are enwrapped by a specialized extracellular matrix (ECM) structure called perineuronal net (PNN), which can regulate their synaptic input. In this study, we investigated the relationship between PNNs, parvalbumin interneurons, and synaptic distribution on these cells in the adult primary visual cortex (V1) of quadruple knockout mice deficient for the ECM molecules brevican, neurocan, tenascin-C, and tenascin-R. We used super-resolution structured illumination microscopy (SIM) to analyze PNN structure and associated synapses. In addition, we examined parvalbumin and calretinin interneuron populations. We observed a reduction in the number of PNN-enwrapped cells and clear disorganization of the PNN structure in the quadruple knockout V1. This was accompanied by an imbalance of inhibitory and excitatory synapses with a reduction of inhibitory and an increase of excitatory synaptic elements along the PNNs. Furthermore, the number of parvalbumin interneurons was reduced in the quadruple knockout, while calretinin interneurons, which do not wear PNNs, did not display differences in number. Interestingly, we found the transcription factor Otx2 homeoprotein positive cell population also reduced. Otx2 is crucial for parvalbumin interneuron and PNN maturation, and a positive feedback loop between these parameters has been described. Collectively, these data indicate an important role of brevican, neurocan, tenascin-C, and tenascin-R in regulating the interplay between PNNs, inhibitory interneurons, synaptic distribution, and Otx2 in the V1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelius Mueller-Buehl
- Department of Cell Morphology and Molecular Neurobiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Jacqueline Reinhard
- Department of Cell Morphology and Molecular Neurobiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Lars Roll
- Department of Cell Morphology and Molecular Neurobiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Verian Bader
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Konstanze F. Winklhofer
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence RESOLV, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Andreas Faissner
- Department of Cell Morphology and Molecular Neurobiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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Neonatal Oxidative Stress Impairs Cortical Synapse Formation and GABA Homeostasis in Parvalbumin-Expressing Interneurons. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:8469756. [PMID: 35663195 PMCID: PMC9159830 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8469756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Neonatal brain injury is often caused by preterm birth. Brain development is vulnerable to increased environmental stress, including oxidative stress challenges. Due to a premature change of the fetal living environment from low oxygen in utero into postnatal high-oxygen room air conditions ex utero, the immature preterm brain is exposed to a relative hyperoxia, which can induce oxidative stress and impair neuronal cell development. To simulate the drastic increase of oxygen exposure in the immature brain, 5-day-old C57BL/6 mice were exposed to hyperoxia (80% oxygen) for 48 hours or kept in room air (normoxia, 21% oxygen) and mice were analyzed for maturational alterations of cortical GABAergic interneurons. As a result, oxidative stress was indicated by elevated tyrosine nitration of proteins. We found perturbation of perineuronal net formation in line with decreased density of parvalbumin-expressing (PVALB) cortical interneurons in hyperoxic mice. Moreover, maturational deficits of cortical PVALB+ interneurons were obtained by decreased glutamate decarboxylase 67 (GAD67) protein expression in Western blot analysis and lower gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) fluorescence intensity in immunostaining. Hyperoxia-induced oxidative stress affected cortical synaptogenesis by decreasing synapsin 1, synapsin 2, and synaptophysin expression. Developmental delay of synaptic marker expression was demonstrated together with decreased PI3K-signaling as a pathway being involved in synaptogenesis. These results elucidate that neonatal oxidative stress caused by increased oxygen exposure can lead to GABAergic interneuron damage which may serve as an explanation for the high incidence of psychiatric and behavioral alterations found in preterm infants.
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Sánchez-Ventura J, Lane MA, Udina E. The Role and Modulation of Spinal Perineuronal Nets in the Healthy and Injured Spinal Cord. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:893857. [PMID: 35669108 PMCID: PMC9163449 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.893857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rather than being a stable scaffold, perineuronal nets (PNNs) are a dynamic and specialized extracellular matrix involved in plasticity modulation. They have been extensively studied in the brain and associated with neuroprotection, ionic buffering, and neural maturation. However, their biological function in the spinal cord and the effects of disrupting spinal PNNs remain elusive. The goal of this review is to summarize the current knowledge of spinal PNNs and their potential in pathological conditions such as traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI). We also highlighted interventions that have been used to modulate the extracellular matrix after SCI, targeting the glial scar and spinal PNNs, in an effort to promote regeneration and stabilization of the spinal circuits, respectively. These concepts are discussed in the framework of developmental and neuroplastic changes in PNNs, drawing similarities between immature and denervated neurons after an SCI, which may provide a useful context for future SCI research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Sánchez-Ventura
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Neuroscience, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Michael A. Lane
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- The Marion Murray Spinal Cord Research Center, College of Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Esther Udina
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Neuroscience, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Bellaterra, Spain
- *Correspondence: Esther Udina
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Dannenhoffer CA, Gómez-A A, Macht VA, Jawad R, Sutherland EB, Vetreno RP, Crews FT, Boettiger CA, Robinson DL. Impact of adolescent intermittent ethanol exposure on interneurons and their surrounding perineuronal nets in adulthood. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2022; 46:759-769. [PMID: 35307830 PMCID: PMC9117471 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Binge alcohol exposure during adolescence results in long-lasting alterations in the brain and behavior. For example, adolescent intermittent ethanol (AIE) exposure in rodents results in long-term loss of functional connectivity among prefrontal cortex (PFC) and striatal regions as well as a variety of neurochemical, molecular, and epigenetic alterations. Interneurons in the PFC and striatum play critical roles in behavioral flexibility and functional connectivity. For example, parvalbumin (PV) interneurons are known to contribute to neural synchrony and cholinergic interneurons contribute to strategy selection. Furthermore, extracellular perineuronal nets (PNNs) that surround some interneurons, particularly PV+ interneurons, further regulate cellular plasticity. The effect of AIE exposure on the expression of these markers within the PFC is not well understood. METHODS The present study tested the hypothesis that AIE exposure reduces the expression of PV+ and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)+ interneurons in the adult PFC and striatum and increases the related expression of PNNs (marked by binding of Wisteria floribunda agglutinin lectin) in adulthood. Male rats were exposed to AIE (5 g/kg/day, 2-days-on/2-days-off, i.e., P25 to P54) or water (CON), and brain tissue was harvested in adulthood (>P80). Immunohistochemistry and co-immunofluorescence were used to assess the expression of ChAT, PV, and PNNs within the adult PFC and striatum following AIE exposure. RESULTS ChAT and PV interneuron densities in the striatum and PFC were unchanged after AIE exposure. However, PNN density in the PFC of AIE-exposed rats was greater than in CON rats. Moreover, significantly more PV neurons were surrounded by PNNs in AIE-exposed subjects than controls in both PFC subregions assessed: orbitofrontal cortex (CON = 34%; AIE = 40%) and medial PFC (CON = 10%; AIE = 14%). CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that, following AIE exposure, PV interneuron expression in the adult PFC and striatum is unaltered, while PNNs surrounding these neurons are increased. This increase in PNNs may restrict the plasticity of the ensheathed neurons, thereby contributing to impaired microcircuitry in frontostriatal connectivity and related behavioral impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol A. Dannenhoffer
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Alexander Gómez-A
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Victoria A. Macht
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Rayyanoor Jawad
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - E. Blake Sutherland
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Ryan P. Vetreno
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Fulton T. Crews
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Charlotte A. Boettiger
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Neuroscience Curriculum, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Donita L. Robinson
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Neuroscience Curriculum, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
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Neurocan regulates vulnerability to stress and the anti-depressant effect of ketamine in adolescent rats. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:2522-2532. [PMID: 35264728 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01495-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Depression is more prevalent among adolescents than adults, but the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Using a subthreshold chronic stress model, here we show that developmentally regulated expressions of the perineuronal nets (PNNs), and one of the components, Neurocan in the prelimbic cortex (PrL) are important for the vulnerability to stress and depressive-like behaviors in both adolescent and adult rats. Reduction of PNNs or Neurocan with pharmacological or viral methods to mimic the expression of PNNs in the PrL during adolescence compromised resilience to stress in adult rats, while virally mediated overexpression of Neurocan reversed vulnerability to stress in adolescent rats. Ketamine, a recent-approved drug for treatment-resistant depression rescued impaired function of Parvalbumin-positive neurons function, increased expression of PNNs in the PrL, and reversed depressive-like behaviors in adolescent rats. Furthermore, we show that Neurocan mediates the anti-depressant effect of ketamine, virally mediated reduction of Neurocan in the PrL abolished the anti-depressant effect of ketamine in adolescent rats. Our findings show an important role of Neurocan in depression in adolescence, and suggest a novel mechanism for the anti-depressant effect of ketamine.
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Modular microcircuit organization of the presubicular head-direction map. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110684. [PMID: 35417686 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Our internal sense of direction is thought to rely on the activity of head-direction (HD) neurons. We find that the mouse dorsal presubiculum (PreS), a key structure in the cortical representation of HD, displays a modular "patch-matrix" organization, which is conserved across species (including human). Calbindin-positive layer 2 neurons within the "matrix" form modular recurrent microcircuits, while inputs from the anterodorsal and laterodorsal thalamic nuclei are non-overlapping and target the "patch" and "matrix" compartments, respectively. The apical dendrites of identified HD cells are largely restricted within the "matrix," pointing to a non-random sampling of patterned inputs and to a precise structure-function architecture. Optogenetic perturbation of modular recurrent microcircuits results in a drastic tonic suppression of firing only in a subpopulation of HD neurons. Altogether, our data reveal a modular microcircuit organization of the PreS HD map and point to the existence of cell-type-specific microcircuits that support the cortical HD representation.
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Härtig W, Meinicke A, Michalski D, Schob S, Jäger C. Update on Perineuronal Net Staining With Wisteria floribunda Agglutinin (WFA). Front Integr Neurosci 2022; 16:851988. [PMID: 35431825 PMCID: PMC9011100 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2022.851988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As chemically specialized forms of the extracellular matrix in the central nervous system, polyanionic perineuronal nets (PNs) contain diverse constituents, including chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs), hyaluronic acid, and tenascins. They are detectable by various histological approaches such as colloidal iron binding and immunohistochemical staining to reveal, for instance, the CSPGs aggrecan, neurocan, phosphacan, and versican. Moreover, biotin, peroxidase, or fluorescein conjugates of the lectins Vicia villosa agglutinin and soybean agglutinin enable the visualization of PNs. At present, the N-acetylgalactosamine-binding Wisteria floribunda agglutinin (WFA) is the most widely applied marker for PNs. Therefore, this article is largely focused on methodological aspects of WFA staining. Notably, fluorescent WFA labeling allows, after its conversion into electron-dense adducts, electron microscopic analyses. Furthermore, the usefulness of WFA conjugates for the oftentimes neglected in vivo and in vitro labeling of PNs is emphasized. Subsequently, we discuss impaired WFA-staining sites after long-lasting experiments in vitro, especially in autoptic brain samples with long postmortem delay and partial enzymatic degradation, while immunolabeling of aggrecan and CSPG link proteins under such conditions has proven more robust. In some hippocampal regions from perfusion-fixed mice, more PNs are aggrecan immunoreactive than WFA positive, whereas the retrosplenial cortex displays many WFA-binding PNs devoid of visible aggrecan immunoreactivity. Additional multiple fluorescence labeling exemplarily revealed in ischemic tissue diminished staining of WFA-binding sites and aquaporin 4 and concomitantly upregulated immunolabeling of neurofilament, light chains, and collagen IV. Finally, we briefly discuss possible future staining approaches based on nanobodies to facilitate novel technologies revealing details of net morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Härtig
- Paul Flechsig Institute for Brain Research, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- *Correspondence: Wolfgang Härtig,
| | - Anton Meinicke
- Paul Flechsig Institute for Brain Research, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Schob
- Department of Neuroradiology, Clinic and Policlinic of Radiology, University Hospital Halle, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Carsten Jäger
- Paul Flechsig Institute for Brain Research, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Neurophysics, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
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Grycz K, Głowacka A, Ji B, Krzywdzińska K, Charzyńska A, Czarkowska-Bauch J, Gajewska-Woźniak O, Skup M. Regulation of perineuronal net components in the synaptic bouton vicinity on lumbar α-motoneurons in the rat after spinalization and locomotor training: New insights from spatio-temporal changes in gene, protein expression and WFA labeling. Exp Neurol 2022; 354:114098. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Dankovich TM, Rizzoli SO. Extracellular Matrix Recycling as a Novel Plasticity Mechanism With a Potential Role in Disease. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:854897. [PMID: 35431813 PMCID: PMC9008140 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.854897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) stabilizes neural circuits and synapses in the healthy brain, while also retaining the ability to be remodeled, to allow synapses to be plastic. A well-described mechanism for ECM remodeling is through the regulated secretion of proteolytic enzymes at the synapse, together with the synthesis of new ECM molecules. The importance of this process is evidenced by the large number of brain disorders that are associated with a dysregulation of ECM-cleaving protease activity. While most of the brain ECM molecules are indeed stable for remarkable time periods, evidence in other cell types, as cancer cells, suggests that at least a proportion of the ECM molecules may be endocytosed regularly, and could even be recycled back to the ECM. In this review, we discuss the involvement of such a mechanism in the brain, under physiological activity conditions and in relation to synapse and brain disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tal M. Dankovich
- Institute of Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School for Neurosciences, Göttingen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Tal M. Dankovich,
| | - Silvio O. Rizzoli
- Institute of Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration (BIN) Center & Multiscale Bioimaging Excellence Center, Göttingen, Germany
- Silvio O. Rizzoli,
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Enzymatic Degradation of Cortical Perineuronal Nets Reverses GABAergic Interneuron Maturation. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:2874-2893. [PMID: 35233718 PMCID: PMC9016038 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02772-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Perineuronal nets (PNNs) are specialised extracellular matrix structures which preferentially enwrap fast-spiking (FS) parvalbumin interneurons and have diverse roles in the cortex. PNN maturation coincides with closure of the critical period of cortical plasticity. We have previously demonstrated that BDNF accelerates interneuron development in a c-Jun-NH2-terminal kinase (JNK)–dependent manner, which may involve upstream thousand-and-one amino acid kinase 2 (TAOK2). Chondroitinase-ABC (ChABC) enzymatic digestion of PNNs reportedly reactivates ‘juvenile-like’ plasticity in the adult CNS. However, the mechanisms involved are unclear. We show that ChABC produces an immature molecular phenotype in cultured cortical neurons, corresponding to the phenotype prior to critical period closure. ChABC produced different patterns of PNN-related, GABAergic and immediate early (IE) gene expression than well-characterised modulators of mature plasticity and network activity (GABAA-R antagonist, bicuculline, and sodium-channel blocker, tetrodotoxin (TTX)). ChABC downregulated JNK activity, while this was upregulated by bicuculline. Bicuculline, but not ChABC, upregulated Bdnf expression and ERK activity. Furthermore, we found that BDNF upregulation of semaphorin-3A and IE genes was TAOK mediated. Our data suggest that ChABC heightens structural flexibility and network disinhibition, potentially contributing to ‘juvenile-like’ plasticity. The molecular phenotype appears to be distinct from heightened mature synaptic plasticity and could relate to JNK signalling. Finally, we highlight that BDNF regulation of plasticity and PNNs involves TAOK signalling.
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Guarque-Chabrera J, Gil-Miravet I, Olucha-Bordonau F, Melchor-Eixea I, Miquel M. When the front fails, the rear wins. Cerebellar correlates of prefrontal dysfunction in cocaine-induced memory in male rats. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2022; 112:110429. [PMID: 34416354 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Reciprocal pathways connecting the cerebellum to the prefrontal cortex provide a biological and functional substrate to modulate cognitive functions. Dysfunction of both medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and cerebellum underlie the phenotypes of several neuropsychiatric disorders that exhibit comorbidity with substance use disorder (SUD). In people with SUD, cue-action-reward associations appears to be particularly strong and salient, acting as powerful motivational triggers for craving and relapse. Studies of cue reactivity in human with SUD have shown cerebellar activations when drug-related cues are presented. Our preclinical research showed that cocaine-induced conditioned preference increases neural activity and upregulates perineuronal nets (PNNs) around Golgi interneurons in the posterior cerebellar cortex. In the present investigation, we aimed at evaluating cerebellar signatures of conditioned preference for cocaine when drug learning is established under mPFC impairment. We used lidocaine to temporarily inactivate in male rats either the Prelimbic (PL) or the Infralimbic (IL) cortices during cocaine-induced conditioning. The inactivation of the IL, but not the PL, encouraged the acquisition of preference for cocaine-related cues, increased posterior cerebellar cortex activity, and upregulated the expression of PNNs around Golgi interneurons. Moreover, IL impairment not only increased vGluT2- and vGAT-related activity around Golgi cells but also regulated PNNs differently on subpopulations of Golgi cells, increasing the number of neurogranin+ PNN-expressing Golgi cells. Our findings suggest that IL dysfunction may facilitate the acquisition of cocaine-induced memory and cerebellar drug-related learning hallmarks. Overall, IL perturbation during cocaine-induced Pavlovian learning increased cerebellar activity and drug effects. Importantly, cerebellum involvement requires a contingent experience with the drug, and it is not the effect of a mere inactivation of IL cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Guarque-Chabrera
- Área de Psicobiología, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón de la Plana, Comunitat Valenciana 12071, Spain.
| | - Isis Gil-Miravet
- Área de Psicobiología, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón de la Plana, Comunitat Valenciana 12071, Spain.
| | | | - Ignasi Melchor-Eixea
- Área de Psicobiología, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón de la Plana, Comunitat Valenciana 12071, Spain.
| | - Marta Miquel
- Área de Psicobiología, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón de la Plana, Comunitat Valenciana 12071, Spain.
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Barahona RA, Morabito S, Swarup V, Green KN. Cortical diurnal rhythms remain intact with microglial depletion. Sci Rep 2022; 12:114. [PMID: 34997092 PMCID: PMC8742049 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04079-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia are subject to change in tandem with the endogenously generated biological oscillations known as our circadian rhythm. Studies have shown microglia harbor an intrinsic molecular clock which regulates diurnal changes in morphology and influences inflammatory responses. In the adult brain, microglia play an important role in the regulation of condensed extracellular matrix structures called perineuronal nets (PNNs), and it has been suggested that PNNs are also regulated in a circadian and diurnal manner. We sought to determine whether microglia mediate the diurnal regulation of PNNs via CSF1R inhibitor dependent microglial depletion in C57BL/6J mice, and how the absence of microglia might affect cortical diurnal gene expression rhythms. While we observe diurnal differences in microglial morphology, where microglia are most ramified at the onset of the dark phase, we do not find diurnal differences in PNN intensity. However, PNN intensity increases across many brain regions in the absence of microglia, supporting a role for microglia in the regulation of PNNs. Here, we also show that cortical diurnal gene expression rhythms are intact, with no cycling gene changes without microglia. These findings demonstrate a role for microglia in the maintenance of PNNs, but not in the maintenance of diurnal rhythms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocio A Barahona
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, 3208 Biological Sciences III, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Samuel Morabito
- Mathematical, Computational and Systems Biology (MCSB) Program, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Vivek Swarup
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, 3208 Biological Sciences III, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Kim N Green
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, 3208 Biological Sciences III, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
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Magyar A, Racz E, Matesz C, Wolf E, Kiss P, Gaal B. Lesion-induced changes of brevican expression in the perineuronal net of the superior vestibular nucleus. Neural Regen Res 2022; 17:649-654. [PMID: 34380906 PMCID: PMC8504393 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.320988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Damage to the vestibular sense organs evokes static and dynamic deficits in the eye movements, posture and vegetative functions. After a shorter or longer period of time, the vestibular function is partially or completely restored via a series of processes such as modification in the efficacy of synaptic inputs. As the plasticity of adult central nervous system is associated with the alteration of extracellular matrix, including its condensed form, the perineuronal net, we studied the changes of brevican expression in the perineuronal nets of the superior vestibular nucleus after unilateral labyrinth lesion. Our results demonstrated that the unilateral labyrinth lesion and subsequent compensation are accompanied by the changing of brevican staining pattern in the perineuronal nets of superior vestibular nucleus of the rat. The reduction of brevican in the perineuronal nets of superior vestibular nucleus may contribute to the vestibular plasticity by suspending the non-permissive role of brevican in the restoration of perineuronal net assembly. After a transitory decrease, the brevican expression restored to the control level parallel to the partial restoration of impaired vestibular function. The bilateral changing in the brevican expression supports the involvement of commissural vestibular fibers in the vestibular compensation. All experimental procedures were approved by the ‘University of Debrecen – Committee of Animal Welfare’ (approval No. 6/2017/DEMAB) and the ‘Scientific Ethics Committee of Animal Experimentation’ (approval No. HB/06/ÉLB/2270-10/2017; approved on June 6, 2017).
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Magyar
- Pediatrics Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Eva Racz
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen; MTA-DE Neuroscience Research Group, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Clara Matesz
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine; Division of Oral Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ervin Wolf
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Peter Kiss
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Botond Gaal
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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Hiltunen J, Ndode-Ekane XE, Lipponen A, Drexel M, Sperk G, Puhakka N, Pitkänen A. Regulation of Parvalbumin Interactome in the Perilesional Cortex after Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury. Neuroscience 2021; 475:52-72. [PMID: 34455012 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes 10-20% of structural epilepsy, with seizures typically originating in the cortex. Alterations in the neuronal microcircuits in the cortical epileptogenic zone, however, are poorly understood. Here, we assessed TBI-induced changes in perisomatic gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic innervation in the perilesional cortex. We hypothesized that TBI will damage parvalbumin (PV)-immunoreactive inhibitory neurons and induce regulation of the associated GABAergic molecular interactome. TBI was induced in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats by lateral fluid-percussion injury. At 1-month post-TBI, the number of PV-positive somata was plotted on unfolded cortical maps and the distribution and density of immunopositive terminals analyzed. Qualitative analysis revealed either patchy microlesions of several hundred micrometers in diameter or diffuse neuronal loss. Quantitative analysis demonstrated a reduction in the number of PV-positive interneurons in patches down to 0% of that in sham-operated controls in the perilesional cortex. In the majority of patches, the cell numbers ranged from 71% to 90% that of the controls. The loss of PV-positive somata was accompanied by decreased axonal labeling. In situ hybridization revealed downregulated PV mRNA expression in the perilesional cortex. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis indicated a robustly downregulated expression profile of PV-related genes, which was confirmed by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Specifically, we found that genes encoding postsynaptic GABA-A receptor genes, Gabrg2 and Gabrd, were downregulated in TBI animals compared with controls. Our data suggests that patchy reduction in PV-positive perisomatic inhibitory innervation contributes to the development of focal cortical inhibitory deficit after TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Hiltunen
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Xavier Ekolle Ndode-Ekane
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anssi Lipponen
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Meinrad Drexel
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Medical University Innsbruck, Peter-Mayr-Str. 1, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Günther Sperk
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University Innsbruck, Peter-Mayr-Str. 1a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Noora Puhakka
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Asla Pitkänen
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland.
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Zhang L, Yu H, Bai Y, Mishra B, Yang X, Wang J, Yu EB, Li R, Chen X. A Neoglycoprotein-Immobilized Fluorescent Magnetic Bead Suspension Multiplex Array for Galectin-Binding Studies. Molecules 2021; 26:6194. [PMID: 34684775 PMCID: PMC8541226 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrate-protein conjugates have diverse applications. They have been used clinically as vaccines against bacterial infection and have been developed for high-throughput assays to elucidate the ligand specificities of glycan-binding proteins (GBPs) and antibodies. Here, we report an effective process that combines highly efficient chemoenzymatic synthesis of carbohydrates, production of carbohydrate-bovine serum albumin (glycan-BSA) conjugates using a squarate linker, and convenient immobilization of the resulting neoglycoproteins on carboxylate-coated fluorescent magnetic beads for the development of a suspension multiplex array platform. A glycan-BSA-bead array containing BSA and 50 glycan-BSA conjugates with tuned glycan valency was generated. The binding profiles of six plant lectins with binding preference towards Gal and/or GalNAc, as well as human galectin-3 and galectin-8, were readily obtained. Our results provide useful information to understand the multivalent glycan-binding properties of human galectins. The neoglycoprotein-immobilized fluorescent magnetic bead suspension multiplex array is a robust and flexible platform for rapid analysis of glycan and GBP interactions and will find broad applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libo Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (L.Z.); (H.Y.); (Y.B.); (B.M.); (X.Y.); (J.W.); (E.B.Y.); (R.L.)
| | - Hai Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (L.Z.); (H.Y.); (Y.B.); (B.M.); (X.Y.); (J.W.); (E.B.Y.); (R.L.)
| | - Yuanyuan Bai
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (L.Z.); (H.Y.); (Y.B.); (B.M.); (X.Y.); (J.W.); (E.B.Y.); (R.L.)
| | - Bijoyananda Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (L.Z.); (H.Y.); (Y.B.); (B.M.); (X.Y.); (J.W.); (E.B.Y.); (R.L.)
| | - Xiaoxiao Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (L.Z.); (H.Y.); (Y.B.); (B.M.); (X.Y.); (J.W.); (E.B.Y.); (R.L.)
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (L.Z.); (H.Y.); (Y.B.); (B.M.); (X.Y.); (J.W.); (E.B.Y.); (R.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Evan B. Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (L.Z.); (H.Y.); (Y.B.); (B.M.); (X.Y.); (J.W.); (E.B.Y.); (R.L.)
| | - Riyao Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (L.Z.); (H.Y.); (Y.B.); (B.M.); (X.Y.); (J.W.); (E.B.Y.); (R.L.)
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (L.Z.); (H.Y.); (Y.B.); (B.M.); (X.Y.); (J.W.); (E.B.Y.); (R.L.)
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50
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Schob S, Puchta J, Winter K, Michalski D, Mages B, Martens H, Emmer A, Hoffmann KT, Gaunitz F, Meinicke A, Krause M, Härtig W. Surfactant protein C is associated with perineuronal nets and shows age-dependent changes of brain content and hippocampal deposits in wildtype and 3xTg mice. J Chem Neuroanat 2021; 118:102036. [PMID: 34626771 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2021.102036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Surfactant protein C (SP-C) modulates cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rheology. During ageing, its declining levels are accompanied by an increased burden of white matter lesions. Pulmonary SP-C intermediates harbouring the BRICHOS-domain prevent protein misfolding in the lungs. Thus, cerebral SP-C intermediates may counteract cerebral β-amyloidosis, a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, data on the molecular neuroanatomy of SP-C and its alterations in wildtype and triple transgenic (3xTg) mice, featuring essential elements of AD-neuropathology, are lacking. Therefore, this study investigated SP-C-containing structures in murine forebrains and their spatial relationships with vascular, glial and neuronal components of the neurovascular unit. Fluorescence labelling demonstrated neuronal SP-C in the medial habenula, the indusium griseum and the hippocampus. Glial counterstaining elucidated astrocytes in the corpus callosum co-expressing SP-C and S100β. Notably, perineuronal nets were associated with SP-C in the nucleus reticularis thalami, the lateral hypothalamus and the retrosplenial cortex. In the hippocampus of aged 3xTg mice, an increased number of dot-like depositions containing SP-C and Reelin, but devoid of BRICHOS-immunoreactivity were observed apart from AD-like lesions. Wildtype and 3xTg mice revealed an age-dependent increase of such deposits markedly pronounced in about 24-month-old 3xTg mice. SP-C levels of the intracellular and extracellular compartments in each group revealed an inverse correlation of SP-C and Reelin, with reduced SP-C and increased Reelin in an age-dependent fashion especially in 3xTg mice. Taken together, extracellular SP-C, as modulator of glymphatic clearance and potential ligand of PNs, declines in 3xTg mice, which show an accumulation of extracellular Reelin depositions during ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Schob
- Department of Neuroradiology, Clinic and Policlinic of Radiology, University Hospital Halle, Ernst-Grube-Str. 40, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany.
| | - Joana Puchta
- Paul Flechsig Institute for Brain Research, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr.19, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Institute of Neuroradiology, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 20, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Karsten Winter
- Institute for Anatomy, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 13, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dominik Michalski
- Department of Neurology, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 13, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Bianca Mages
- Institute for Anatomy, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 13, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Henrik Martens
- Synaptic Systems GmbH, Rudolf-Wissell-Str. 28a, 37079 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alexander Emmer
- Department of Neurology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Str. 40, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Karl-Titus Hoffmann
- Institute of Neuroradiology, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 20, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Frank Gaunitz
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 20, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anton Meinicke
- Paul Flechsig Institute for Brain Research, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr.19, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Institute of Neuroradiology, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 20, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Krause
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 20, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Härtig
- Paul Flechsig Institute for Brain Research, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr.19, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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