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Gaudin RGN, Figueiro G, Flores-Gutiérrez S, Mut P, Vega-Requena Y, Luna-Andrada L, Ackermann E, Hidalgo PC, Carracedo A, Torres M, Sans M. DNA polymorphisms associated with lactase persistence, self-perceived symptoms of lactose intolerance, milk and dairy consumption, and ancestry, in the Uruguayan population. Am J Hum Biol 2023; 35:e23868. [PMID: 36695417 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Uruguay has one of the highest per capita milk intakes worldwide, even with a limited supply of lactose-free products; furthermore, the admixed nature of its population is well known, and various frequencies of lactase persistence (LP) are observed in the source populations. We aimed to contribute to the understanding of the relation between allelic variants associated with LP, milk consumption, digestive symptoms, and genetic ancestry in the Uruguayan population. Samples of saliva or peripheral blood were collected from 190 unrelated individuals from two regions of Uruguay, genotypes for polymorphic sites in a fragment within the LCT enhancer were determined and allelic frequencies calculated in all of them. Data were collected on frequency of milk and dairy consumption and self-reported symptoms in a subsample of 153 individuals. Biparental and maternal ancestry was determined by analyzing individual ancestry markers and mitochondrial DNA. Twenty-nine percentage of individuals reported symptoms attributed to the ingestion of fresh milk, with abdominal pain, bloating and flatulence being the most frequent. European LP-associated allele T-13910 showed a frequency of 33%, while other LP-associated alleles like G-13915 and T-14011 were observed in very low frequencies. Associations between self-reported symptoms, fresh milk intake, and C/T-13910 genotype were statistically significant. No evidence of association between genetic ancestry and C/T-13910 was found, although individuals carrying one T-13910 allele appeared to have more European ancestry. In conclusion, the main polymorphism capable of predicting lactose intolerance in Uruguayans is C/T-13910, although more studies are required to unravel the relation between genotype and lactase activity, especially in heterozygotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Germán Negro Gaudin
- Departamento de Antropología Biológica, Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Gonzalo Figueiro
- Departamento de Antropología Biológica, Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Sara Flores-Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Antropología Biológica, Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Patricia Mut
- Departamento de Antropología Biológica, Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Yasser Vega-Requena
- Polo de Desarrollo Universitario Diversidad Genética Humana, Centro Universitario Regional Noreste, Tacuarembó, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Lorena Luna-Andrada
- Polo de Desarrollo Universitario Diversidad Genética Humana, Centro Universitario Regional Noreste, Tacuarembó, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Elizabeth Ackermann
- Polo de Desarrollo Universitario Diversidad Genética Humana, Centro Universitario Regional Noreste, Tacuarembó, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Pedro C Hidalgo
- Polo de Desarrollo Universitario Diversidad Genética Humana, Centro Universitario Regional Noreste, Tacuarembó, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Angel Carracedo
- Grupo de Medicina Xenómica, Centro en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica (SERGAS)-CIBERER, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - María Torres
- Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica (SERGAS)-CIBERER, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Mónica Sans
- Departamento de Antropología Biológica, Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Szilagyi A, Leighton H, Burstein B, Xue X. Latitude, sunshine, and human lactase phenotype distributions may contribute to geographic patterns of modern disease: the inflammatory bowel disease model. Clin Epidemiol 2014; 6:183-98. [PMID: 24971037 PMCID: PMC4070862 DOI: 10.2147/clep.s59838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Countries with high lactase nonpersistence (LNP) or low lactase persistence (LP) populations have lower rates of some "western" diseases, mimicking the effects of sunshine and latitude. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), ie, Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, is putatively also influenced by sunshine. Recent availability of worldwide IBD rates and lactase distributions allows more extensive comparisons. The aim of this study was to evaluate the extent to which modern day lactase distributions interact with latitude, sunshine exposure, and IBD rates. National IBD rates, national distributions of LP/LNP, and population-weighted average national annual ultraviolet B exposure were obtained, estimated, or calculated from the literature. Negative binomial analysis was used to assess the relationship between the three parameters and IBD rates. Analyses for 55 countries were grouped in three geographic domains, ie, global, Europe, and non-Europe. In Europe, both latitude and ultraviolet B exposure correlate well with LP/LNP and IBD. In non-Europe, latitude and ultraviolet B exposure correlate weakly with LP/LNP, but the latter retains a more robust correlation with IBD. In univariate analysis, latitude, ultraviolet B exposure, and LP/LNP all had significant relationships with IBD. Multivariate analysis showed that lactase distributions provided the best model of fit for IBD. The model of IBD reveals the evolutionary effects of the human lactase divide, and suggests that latitude, ultraviolet B exposure, and LP/LNP mimic each other because LP/LNP follows latitudinal directions toward the equator. However, on a large scale, lactase patterns also follow lateral polarity. The effects of LP/LNP in disease are likely to involve complex interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Szilagyi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital,
McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Henry Leighton
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC,
Canada
| | - Barry Burstein
- Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC,
Canada
| | - Xiaoqing Xue
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University,
Montreal, QC, Canada
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Sahi T. Genetics and epidemiology of adult-type hypolactasia. SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY. SUPPLEMENT 1994; 202:7-20. [PMID: 8042019 DOI: 10.3109/00365529409091740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of adult-type hypolactasia varies from less than 5% to almost 100% between different populations of the world. The lowest prevalence has been found in northwestern Europe, around the North Sea, and the highest prevalence in the Far East. The reason for the variation is that selective (primary) hypolactasia is genetically determined by an autosomal recessive single gene. It is assumed that thousands of years ago all people had hypolactasia in the same way as most mammals do today. At that time in cultures where milk consumption was started after childhood, lactase persistence had a selective advantage. Those people with lactase persistence were healthier and had more children than people with hypolactasia, and the frequency of the lactase persistence gene started to increase. The present prevalence of hypolactasia can be explained fairly well by this culture historical hypothesis. This article reviews the evidence for the inheritance of adult-type hypolactasia and the occurrence of hypolactasia in different countries and populations of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Sahi
- Dept. of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Finland
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