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Berner J, Jore S, Abass K, Rautio A. One health in the Arctic - connections and actions. Int J Circumpolar Health 2024; 83:2361544. [PMID: 38870398 DOI: 10.1080/22423982.2024.2361544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
There is growing awareness and recognition of the importance of the One Health paradigm to address existing environmental threats and recognise emerging ones at an early stage among Arctic residents, public health agencies, and wildlife resource managers. The One Health approach, emphasising the interconnectedness of human, animal, and ecosystem health, plays a pivotal role in addressing these multifaceted issues. Warming climate and permafrost thaw may influence both contaminant exposure and the spread of zoonotic infectious diseases and have impacts on water and food security. Migration from rural regions to larger communities and urban centres along with increased tourism may be accompanied by changes in exposure to contaminants and zoonotic diseases. Universities have developed educational programmes and research projects on One Health in the Arctic, and under the Arctic Council there is running a project of One Arctic, One Health. These arctivities have produced interdisciplinary information and practical solutions for local communities, decision-makers, and in scientific forums. There is a need for epidemiological zoonotic/human disease models, as well as new approaches to integrate existing and future surveillance data to climatic and environmental data. This requires not only regional and international collaboration but also multi-agency and transdisciplinary research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jim Berner
- Science, Division of Community Health, Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Solveig Jore
- Section of Zoonotic, Food and Waterborne Diseases, Norwegian Public Health Institute, Oslo, Norway
| | - Khaled Abass
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Arja Rautio
- Arctic Health, Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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Alkishe A, Cobos ME, Peterson AT. Broad-scale ecological niches of pathogens vectored by the ticks Ixodes scapularis and Amblyomma americanum in North America. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17944. [PMID: 39193518 PMCID: PMC11348911 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Environmental dimensions, such as temperature, precipitation, humidity, and vegetation type, influence the activity, survival, and geographic distribution of tick species. Ticks are vectors of various pathogens that cause disease in humans, and Ixodes scapularis and Amblyomma americanum are among the tick species that transmit pathogens to humans across the central and eastern United States. Although their potential geographic distributions have been assessed broadly via ecological niche modeling, no comprehensive study has compared ecological niche signals between ticks and tick-borne pathogens. We took advantage of National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) data for these two tick species and associated bacteria pathogens across North America. We used two novel statistical tests that consider sampling and absence data explicitly to perform these explorations: a univariate analysis based on randomization and resampling, and a permutational multivariate analysis of variance. Based on univariate analyses, in Amblyomma americanum, three pathogens (Borrelia lonestari, Ehrlichia chaffeensis, and E. ewingii) were tested; pathogens showed nonrandom distribution in at least one environmental dimension. Based on the PERMANOVA test, the null hypothesis that the environmental position and variation of pathogen-positive samples are equivalent to those of A. americanum could not be rejected for any of the pathogens, except for the pathogen E. ewingii in maximum and minimum vapor pressure and minimum temperature. For Ixodes scapularis, six pathogens (A. phagocytophilum, Babesia microti, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, B. mayonii, B. miyamotoi, and Ehrlichia muris-like) were tested; only B. miyamotoi was not distinct from null expectations in all environmental dimensions, based on univariate tests. In the PERMANOVA analyses, the pathogens departed from null expectations for B. microti and B. burgdorferi sensu lato, with smaller niches in B. microti, and larger niches in B. burgdorferi sensu lato, than the vector. More generally, this study shows the value of large-scale data resources with consistent sampling methods, and known absences of key pathogens in particular samples, for answering public health questions, such as the relationship of presence and absence of pathogens in their hosts respect to environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelghafar Alkishe
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology & Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States of America
- Zoology Department/Faculty of Science, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
- Fish and Wildlife Conservation, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech), Blacksburg, VA, United States of America
| | - Marlon E. Cobos
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology & Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States of America
| | - A. Townsend Peterson
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology & Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States of America
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Villena OC, Arab A, Lippi CA, Ryan SJ, Johnson LR. Influence of environmental, geographic, socio-demographic, and epidemiological factors on presence of malaria at the community level in two continents. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16734. [PMID: 39030306 PMCID: PMC11271557 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67452-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The interactions of environmental, geographic, socio-demographic, and epidemiological factors in shaping mosquito-borne disease transmission dynamics are complex and changeable, influencing the abundance and distribution of vectors and the pathogens they transmit. In this study, 27 years of cross-sectional malaria survey data (1990-2017) were used to examine the effects of these factors on Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax malaria presence at the community level in Africa and Asia. Monthly long-term, open-source data for each factor were compiled and analyzed using generalized linear models and classification and regression trees. Both temperature and precipitation exhibited unimodal relationships with malaria, with a positive effect up to a point after which a negative effect was observed as temperature and precipitation increased. Overall decline in malaria from 2000 to 2012 was well captured by the models, as was the resurgence after that. The models also indicated higher malaria in regions with lower economic and development indicators. Malaria is driven by a combination of environmental, geographic, socioeconomic, and epidemiological factors, and in this study, we demonstrated two approaches to capturing this complexity of drivers within models. Identifying these key drivers, and describing their associations with malaria, provides key information to inform planning and prevention strategies and interventions to reduce malaria burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oswaldo C Villena
- The Earth Commons Institute, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, 20057, USA.
| | - Ali Arab
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Catherine A Lippi
- Department of Geography, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sadie J Ryan
- Department of Geography, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Leah R Johnson
- Department of Statistics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
- Computational Modeling and Data Analytics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
- Department of Biology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
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Kanga S, Roy P, Singh SK, Meraj G, Kumar P, Debnath J. Delineating dengue risk zones in Jaipur: An interdisciplinary approach to inform public health strategies. RISK ANALYSIS : AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE SOCIETY FOR RISK ANALYSIS 2024. [PMID: 38987233 DOI: 10.1111/risa.15102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Dengue fever (DF) is a pervasive public health concern in tropical climates, with densely populated regions, such as India, disproportionately affected. Addressing this issue requires a multifaceted understanding of the environmental and sociocultural factors that contribute to the risk of dengue infection. This study aimed to identify high-risk zones for DF in Jaipur, Rajasthan, India, by integrating physical, demographic, and epidemiological data in a comprehensive risk analysis framework. We investigated environmental variables, such as soil type and plant cover, to characterize the potential habitats of Aedes aegypti, the primary dengue vector. Concurrently, demographic metrics were evaluated to assess the population's susceptibility to dengue outbreaks. High-risk areas were systematically identified through a comparative analysis that integrated population density and incidence rates per ward. The results revealed a significant correlation between high population density and an increased risk of dengue, predominantly facilitated by vertical transmission. Spatially, these high-risk zones are concentrated in the northern and southern sectors of Jaipur, with the northern and southwestern wards exhibiting the most acute risk profiles. This study underscores the importance of targeted public health interventions and vaccination campaigns in vulnerable areas. It further lays the groundwork for future research to evaluate the effectiveness of such interventions, thereby contributing to the development of robust evidence-based strategies for dengue risk mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Kanga
- Department of Geography, School of Environment and Earth Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Priyanka Roy
- Centre for Climate Change and Water Research, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Suraj Kumar Singh
- Centre for Sustainable Development, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Gowhar Meraj
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Institute for Global Environmental Strategies, Hayama, Japan
| | - Jatan Debnath
- Department of Geography, Gauhati University, Jalukbari, Assam, India
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Damtew YT, Varghese BM, Anikeeva O, Tong M, Hansen A, Dear K, Zhang Y, Morgan G, Driscoll T, Capon T, Gourley M, Prescott V, Bi P. Current and future burden of Ross River virus infection attributable to increasing temperature in Australia: a population-based study. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. WESTERN PACIFIC 2024; 48:101124. [PMID: 39040035 PMCID: PMC11260579 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2024.101124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Background Ross River virus (RRV), Australia's most notifiable vector-borne disease transmitted through mosquito bites, has seen increased transmission due to rising temperatures. Quantifying the burden of RRV infection attributable to increasing temperatures (both current and future) is pivotal to inform prevention strategies in the context of climate change. Methods As RRV-related deaths are rare in Australia, we utilised years lived with disability (YLDs) associated with RRV infection data from the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW) Burden of Disease database between 2003 and 2018. We obtained relative risks per 1 °C temperature increase in RRV infection from a previous meta-analysis. Exposure distributions for each Köppen-Geiger climate zone were calculated separately and compared with the theoretical-minimum-risk exposure distribution to calculate RRV burden attributable to increasing temperatures during the baseline period (2003-2018), and projected future burdens for the 2030s and 2050s under two greenhouse gas emission scenarios (Representative Concentration Pathways, RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5), two adaptation scenarios, and different population growth series. Findings During the baseline period (2003-2018), increasing mean temperatures contributed to 35.8 (±0.5) YLDs (19.1%) of the observed RRV burden in Australia. The mean temperature attributable RRV burden varied across climate zones and jurisdictions. Under both RCP scenarios, the projected RRV burden is estimated to increase in the future despite adaptation scenarios. By the 2050s, without adaptation, the RRV burden could reach 45.8 YLDs under RCP4.5 and 51.1 YLDs under RCP8.5. Implementing a 10% adaptation strategy could reduce RRV burden to 41.8 and 46.4 YLDs, respectively. Interpretation These findings provide scientific evidence for informing policy decisions and guiding resource allocation for mitigating the future RRV burden. The current findings underscore the need to develop location-specific adaptation strategies for climate-sensitive disease control and prevention. Funding Australian Research Council Discovery Program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohannes Tefera Damtew
- School of Public Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
- College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, P.O.BOX 138, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
| | - Blesson Mathew Varghese
- School of Public Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
| | - Olga Anikeeva
- School of Public Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
| | - Michael Tong
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, ANU College of Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Alana Hansen
- School of Public Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
| | - Keith Dear
- School of Public Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Geoffrey Morgan
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Tim Driscoll
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Tony Capon
- Monash Sustainable Development Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michelle Gourley
- Burden of Disease and Mortality Unit, Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Vanessa Prescott
- Burden of Disease and Mortality Unit, Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Peng Bi
- School of Public Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
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Liao JR, Liao YH, Liao KM, Wu HH, Tu WC, Lin YH. Nationwide survey of ticks on domesticated animals in Taiwan: Revealing the hidden threat to animal and public health. MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY 2024; 38:99-107. [PMID: 37715613 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Ticks are not only bloodsucking ectoparasites but also important vectors of tick-borne diseases (TBDs), posing significant threats to public and animal health. Domesticated animals serve as critical hosts for numerous ticks, highlighting the importance of understanding tick infestations in Taiwan. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a nationwide survey to identify ticks on domesticated animals and associated environments in 2018 and 2019. A total of 6,205 ticks were collected from 1,337 host animals, revealing the presence of seven tick species, with Rhipicephalus microplus, and Rhipicephalus sanguineus being the dominant species. High infestation rates and widespread distribution of ticks were observed on domesticated animals, especially on dogs and cattle (yellow cattle and angus cattle), and the neighbouring grassland of yellow cattle. While this study has certain limitations, it provides valuable insights into the distribution and prevalence of ticks on domesticated animals in Taiwan and their implications for controlling TBDs. Further research is needed to comprehensively understand the complex interactions among ticks, hosts and pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhih-Rong Liao
- Systematic Zoology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yi-Hao Liao
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu City, Taiwan
| | - Kuei-Min Liao
- National Mosquito-Borne Diseases Control Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Huai-Hui Wu
- Department of Biotechnology, Tajen University, Yanpu Township, Taiwan
| | - Wu-Chun Tu
- National Mosquito-Borne Diseases Control Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Entomology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Ying-Hsi Lin
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu City, Taiwan
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Qian J, Wu Y, Zhu C, Chen Q, Chu H, Liu L, Wang C, Luo Y, Yue N, Li W, Yang X, Yi J, Ye F, He J, Qi Y, Lu F, Wang C, Tan W. Spatiotemporal heterogeneity and long-term impact of meteorological, environmental, and socio-economic factors on scrub typhus in China from 2006 to 2018. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:538. [PMID: 38383355 PMCID: PMC10880311 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17233-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Large-scale outbreaks of scrub typhus combined with its emergence in new areas as a vector-borne rickettsiosis highlight the ongoing neglect of this disease. This study aims to explore the long-term changes and regional leading factors of scrub typhus in China, with the goal of providing valuable insights for disease prevention and control. METHODS This study utilized a Bayesian space-time hierarchical model (BSTHM) to examine the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of scrub typhus and analyze the relationship between environmental factors and scrub typhus in southern and northern China from 2006 to 2018. Additionally, a GeoDetector model was employed to assess the predominant influences of geographical and socioeconomic factors in both regions. RESULTS Scrub typhus exhibits a seasonal pattern, typically occurring during the summer and autumn months (June to November), with a peak in October. Geographically, the high-risk regions, or hot spots, are concentrated in the south, while the low-risk regions, or cold spots, are located in the north. Moreover, the distribution of scrub typhus is influenced by environment and socio-economic factors. In the north and south, the dominant factors are the monthly normalized vegetation index (NDVI) and temperature. An increase in NDVI per interquartile range (IQR) leads to a 7.580% decrease in scrub typhus risk in northern China, and a 19.180% increase in the southern. Similarly, of 1 IQR increase in temperature reduces the risk of scrub typhus by 10.720% in the north but increases it by 15.800% in the south. In terms of geographical and socio-economic factors, illiteracy rate and altitude are the key determinants in the respective areas, with q-values of 0.844 and 0.882. CONCLUSIONS These results indicated that appropriate climate, environment, and social conditions would increase the risk of scrub typhus. This study provided helpful suggestions and a basis for reasonably allocating resources and controlling the occurrence of scrub typhus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojiao Qian
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Nanjing Bioengineering (Gene) Technology Center for Medicines, Nanjing, China
| | - Yifan Wu
- Nanjing Bioengineering (Gene) Technology Center for Medicines, Nanjing, China
| | - Changqiang Zhu
- Nanjing Bioengineering (Gene) Technology Center for Medicines, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiong Chen
- Nanjing Bioengineering (Gene) Technology Center for Medicines, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongliang Chu
- Center for Disease Prevention and Control of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Licheng Liu
- Nanjing Bioengineering (Gene) Technology Center for Medicines, Nanjing, China
| | - Chongcai Wang
- Hainan International Travel Healthcare Center, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Yizhe Luo
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Nanjing Bioengineering (Gene) Technology Center for Medicines, Nanjing, China
| | - Na Yue
- Nanjing Bioengineering (Gene) Technology Center for Medicines, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenhao Li
- Nanjing Bioengineering (Gene) Technology Center for Medicines, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaohong Yang
- Nanjing Bioengineering (Gene) Technology Center for Medicines, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Yi
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fuqiang Ye
- Nanjing Bioengineering (Gene) Technology Center for Medicines, Nanjing, China
| | - Ji He
- Xiamen International Travel Health Care Center (Xiamen Customs Port Outpatient Department), Xiamen, China
| | - Yong Qi
- Nanjing Bioengineering (Gene) Technology Center for Medicines, Nanjing, China
| | - Fei Lu
- College of Information Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Liuhe Rd. 288, Hangzhou, 310023, China.
| | - Chunhui Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
- Nanjing Bioengineering (Gene) Technology Center for Medicines, Nanjing, China.
| | - Weilong Tan
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
- Nanjing Bioengineering (Gene) Technology Center for Medicines, Nanjing, China.
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Clasta RB, Rivas AV, Souza AB, Dos Santos AGV, Le Quesne AHM, Gonçalves AAM, Cangussu ASR, Giunchetti RC, Viana KF. LaSap vaccine: Immunotherapy and immunochemotherapy associated with allopurinol in dogs naturally infected with Leishmania infantum. Parasite Immunol 2024; 46:e13028. [PMID: 38389494 DOI: 10.1111/pim.13028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Canine visceral leishmaniasis is a parasitic zoonosis that has a profound impact on public health in countries where it is endemic. Chemotherapeutic treatments cannot keep dogs stable for long periods, and the risk of generating parasitic resistance must be considered. Forty-four symptomatic and naturally infected dogs with Leishmania infantum were tested with two treatment protocols (i) immunotherapy with LaSap vaccine and (ii) immunochemotherapy with LaSap vaccine plus allopurinol. At 90 days after the end of the treatment, it was verified that, although both protocols had generated significant clinical improvements with a greater production of IFN-γ/IL-10, in relation to the parasite load, mainly in the skin, the dogs treated only with immunotherapy maintained the same profile. These results indicate that LaSap is a good strategy to control dog parasitism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo B Clasta
- Vaccine Development Technology Laboratory, Latin American Institute of Life and Nature Sciences, Federal University of Latin American Integration, Foz do Iguaçu, Brazil
| | - Açucena Veleh Rivas
- Vaccine Development Technology Laboratory, Latin American Institute of Life and Nature Sciences, Federal University of Latin American Integration, Foz do Iguaçu, Brazil
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Center for Tropical Medicine, Foz do Iguaçu, Brazil
| | - Adrieli Barboza Souza
- Vaccine Development Technology Laboratory, Latin American Institute of Life and Nature Sciences, Federal University of Latin American Integration, Foz do Iguaçu, Brazil
| | - Angelo G V Dos Santos
- Vaccine Development Technology Laboratory, Latin American Institute of Life and Nature Sciences, Federal University of Latin American Integration, Foz do Iguaçu, Brazil
| | - Andrés Hernán Mojoli Le Quesne
- Vaccine Development Technology Laboratory, Latin American Institute of Life and Nature Sciences, Federal University of Latin American Integration, Foz do Iguaçu, Brazil
- Department of Medicine, Catholic University of Alto Paraná, Ciudad del Este, Paraguay
| | - Ana Alice Maia Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Biology of Cellular Interactions, Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Alex Sander R Cangussu
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Federal University of Tocantins, Gurupi, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo C Giunchetti
- Laboratory of Biology of Cellular Interactions, Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Kelvinson F Viana
- Vaccine Development Technology Laboratory, Latin American Institute of Life and Nature Sciences, Federal University of Latin American Integration, Foz do Iguaçu, Brazil
- Department of Research, Development and Innovation, Devax Biotechnology for Health, Foz do Iguaçu, Brazil
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Villena OC, McClure KM, Camp RJ, LaPointe DA, Atkinson CT, Sofaer HR, Berio Fortini L. Environmental and geographical factors influence the occurrence and abundance of the southern house mosquito, Culex quinquefasciatus, in Hawai'i. Sci Rep 2024; 14:604. [PMID: 38182650 PMCID: PMC10770078 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49793-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Hawaiian honeycreepers, a group of endemic Hawaiian forest birds, are being threatened by avian malaria, a non-native disease that is driving honeycreepers populations to extinction. Avian malaria is caused by the parasite Plasmodium relictum, which is transmitted by the invasive mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus. Environmental and geographical factors play an important role in shaping mosquito-borne disease transmission dynamics through their influence on the distribution and abundance of mosquitoes. We assessed the effects of environmental (temperature, precipitation), geographic (site, elevation, distance to anthropogenic features), and trap type (CDC light trap, CDC gravid trap) factors on mosquito occurrence and abundance. Occurrence was analyzed using classification and regression tree models (CART) and generalized linear models (GLM); abundance (count data) was analyzed using generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs). Models predicted highest mosquito occurrence at mid-elevation sites and between July and November. Occurrence increased with temperature and precipitation up to 580 mm. For abundance, the best model was a zero-inflated negative-binomial model that indicated higher abundance of mosquitoes at mid-elevation sites and peak abundance between August and October. Estimation of occurrence and abundance as well as understanding the factors that influence them are key for mosquito control, which may reduce the risk of forest bird extinction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oswaldo C Villena
- Hawai'i Cooperative Studies Unit, University of Hawai'i at Hilo, Hilo, HI, 96720, USA
- The Earth Commons Institute, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Katherine M McClure
- Hawai'i Cooperative Studies Unit, University of Hawai'i at Hilo, Hilo, HI, 96720, USA
- U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center, Hawai'i National Park, HI, 96718, USA
| | - Richard J Camp
- U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center, Hawai'i National Park, HI, 96718, USA
| | - Dennis A LaPointe
- U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center, Hawai'i National Park, HI, 96718, USA
| | - Carter T Atkinson
- U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center, Hawai'i National Park, HI, 96718, USA
| | - Helen R Sofaer
- U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center, Hawai'i National Park, HI, 96718, USA
| | - Lucas Berio Fortini
- U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center, Hawai'i National Park, HI, 96718, USA.
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Dennington NL, Grossman MK, Ware-Gilmore F, Teeple JL, Johnson LR, Shocket MS, McGraw EA, Thomas MB. Phenotypic adaptation to temperature in the mosquito vector, Aedes aegypti. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17041. [PMID: 38273521 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Most models exploring the effects of climate change on mosquito-borne disease ignore thermal adaptation. However, if local adaptation leads to changes in mosquito thermal responses, "one size fits all" models could fail to capture current variation between populations and future adaptive responses to changes in temperature. Here, we assess phenotypic adaptation to temperature in Aedes aegypti, the primary vector of dengue, Zika, and chikungunya viruses. First, to explore whether there is any difference in existing thermal response of mosquitoes between populations, we used a thermal knockdown assay to examine five populations of Ae. aegypti collected from climatically diverse locations in Mexico, together with a long-standing laboratory strain. We identified significant phenotypic variation in thermal tolerance between populations. Next, to explore whether such variation can be generated by differences in temperature, we conducted an experimental passage study by establishing six replicate lines from a single field-derived population of Ae. aegypti from Mexico, maintaining half at 27°C and the other half at 31°C. After 10 generations, we found a significant difference in mosquito performance, with the lines maintained under elevated temperatures showing greater thermal tolerance. Moreover, these differences in thermal tolerance translated to shifts in the thermal performance curves for multiple life-history traits, leading to differences in overall fitness. Together, these novel findings provide compelling evidence that Ae. aegypti populations can and do differ in thermal response, suggesting that simplified thermal performance models might be insufficient for predicting the effects of climate on vector-borne disease transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina L Dennington
- Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
- The Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, The Huck Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Marissa K Grossman
- Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Fhallon Ware-Gilmore
- Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
- The Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, The Huck Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Janet L Teeple
- Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Leah R Johnson
- Department of Statistics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Marta S Shocket
- Department of Geography, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Elizabeth A McGraw
- The Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, The Huck Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Matthew B Thomas
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Invasion Science Research Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK
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11
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Kalula A, Mureithi E, Marijani T, Mbalawata I. Optimal control and cost-effectiveness analysis of age-structured malaria model with asymptomatic carrier and temperature variability. JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL DYNAMICS 2023; 17:2199766. [PMID: 37053493 DOI: 10.1080/17513758.2023.2199766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents an age-structured mathematical model for malaria transmission dynamics with asymptomatic carrier and temperature variability. The temperature variability function is fitted to the temperature data, and the malaria model is then fitted to the malaria cases and validated to check its suitability. Time-dependent controls were considered, including Long Lasting Insecticide Nets, treatment of symptomatic, screening and treatment of asymptomatic carriers and spray of insecticides. Pontryagin's Maximum Principle is used to derive the necessary conditions for optimal control of the disease. The numerical simulations of the optimal control problem reveal that the strategy involving the combination of all four controls is the most effective in reducing the number of infected individuals. Furthermore, the cost-effectiveness analysis shows that treatment of symptomatic, screening and treatment of asymptomatic carriers and insecticide spraying is the most cost-effective strategy to implement to control malaria transmission when available resources are limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asha Kalula
- Department of Mathematics, University of Dar es salaam, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
- Department of Mathematics, Physics and Information, Mkwawa University College of Education, Iringa, Tanzania
| | - Eunice Mureithi
- Department of Mathematics, University of Dar es salaam, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Theresia Marijani
- Department of Mathematics, University of Dar es salaam, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Isambi Mbalawata
- African Instiute for Mathematical Sciences (AIMS), Kigali, Rwanda
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12
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Liao JR, Tu WC, Chiu MC, Kuo MH, Cheng HC, Chan CC, Dai SM. Joint influence of architectural and spatiotemporal factors on the presence of Aedes aegypti in urban environments. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:4367-4375. [PMID: 37384574 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urbanization has led to the proliferation of high-rise buildings, which have substantially influenced the distribution of dengue vectors, such as Aedes aegypti (L.). However, knowledge gaps exist regarding the individual and combined effects of architectural and spatiotemporal factors on dengue vector. This study investigated the interrelationship between Ae. aegypti presence, building architectural features, and spatiotemporal factors in urban environments. RESULTS The mosquito Ae. aegypti presence varied by location and seasons, being higher in outdoor environments than in indoor environments. Lingya (Kaohsiung City, Taiwan) had the highest mosquito numbers, particularly in basement and first floor areas. Ae. aegypti was found on multiple floors within buildings, and their presence was greater in summer and autumn. The XGBoost model revealed that height within a building, temperature, humidity, resident density, and rainfall were key factors influencing mosquito presence, whereas openness had a relatively minor impact. CONCLUSION To effectively address the problems caused by urbanization, the three-dimensional distribution of Ae. aegypti, including their spatial distribution across heights and areas within the urban environment, must be considered. By incorporating these multiple factors, this approach provides valuable insights for those responsible for urban planning and disease management strategies. Understanding the interplay between architectural features, environmental conditions, and the presence of Ae. aegypti is essential for developing targeted interventions and mitigating the adverse impacts of urbanization on public health. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhih-Rong Liao
- Department of Entomology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan
- Systematic Zoology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji City, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wu-Chun Tu
- Department of Entomology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Ming-Chih Chiu
- Department of Entomology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Matsuyama City, Ehime, Japan
| | - Mei-Hwa Kuo
- Department of Entomology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ching Cheng
- National Mosquito-Borne Diseases Control Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chun Chan
- Department of Entomology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Mei Dai
- Department of Entomology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan
- Center for Dengue Fever Control and Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
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13
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Meepagala KM, Estep AS. Larvicidal constituents from Poncirus trifoliata root extracts. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2023; 60:1016-1021. [PMID: 37409987 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjad086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
In the search for effective and environmentally friendly mosquito control agents, we have examined natural sources, such as microbes and plants, and the synthetic analogs of natural products. These plants and microbes have evolved in their ecological niches to produce defensive compounds against other competing organisms in their surroundings such as microbes, plants, and insects as a means to enhance their survival. Thus, some of these plants and microbes have bioactive compounds with insecticidal, fungicidal, and phytotoxic activities. In our previous research, we successfully isolated bioactive constituents from natural sources. We have carried out synthetic modifications and total synthesis of marginally active isolated compounds to achieve significantly higher active compounds. We have focused on plants in the Rutaceae family as the members of this family are known to possess bioactive compounds with algicidal, antifungal, insecticidal, and fungicidal activities. In this article, we report the isolation and structure elucidation of mosquito larvicidal constituents from Poncirus trifoliata (Rutaceae) root extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumudini M Meepagala
- USDA-ARS, Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, PO Box 1848, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Alden S Estep
- USDA-ARS, Mosquito and Fly Research Unit, 1600 S.W. 23rd Drive, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
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14
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Thongsripong P, Carter BH, Ward MJ, Jameson SB, Michaels SR, Yukich JO, Wesson DM. Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) Oviposition Activity and the Associated Socio-environmental Factors in the New Orleans Area. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2023; 60:392-400. [PMID: 36683424 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjad007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The transmission of Aedes-borne viruses is on the rise globally. Their mosquito vectors, Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, Diptera: Culicidae) and Ae. albopictus (Skuse, Diptera: Culicidae), are focally abundant in the Southern United States. Mosquito surveillance is an important component of a mosquito control program. However, there is a lack of long-term surveillance data and an incomplete understanding of the factors influencing vector populations in the Southern United States. Our surveillance program monitored Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus oviposition intensity in the New Orleans area using ovicups in a total of 75 sites from 2009 to 2016. We found both Aedes spp. throughout the study period and sites. The average number of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus hatched from collected eggs per site per week was 34.1 (SD = 57.7) and 29.0 (SD = 46.5), respectively. Based on current literature, we formed multiple hypotheses on how environmental variables influence Aedes oviposition intensity, and constructed Generalized Linear Mixed Effect models with a negative binomial distribution and an autocorrelation structure to test these hypotheses. We found significant associations between housing unit density and Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus oviposition intensity, and between median household income and Ae. albopictus oviposition intensity. Temperature, relative humidity, and accumulated rainfall had either a lagged or an immediate significant association with oviposition. This study provides the first long-term record of Aedes spp. distribution in the New Orleans area, and sheds light on factors associated with their oviposition activity. This information is vital for the control of potential Aedes-borne virus transmission in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpim Thongsripong
- Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, University of Florida, 200 9th Street SE, Vero Beach, FL, USA
| | - Brendan H Carter
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, 1440 Canal Street, Suite 2301, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Matthew J Ward
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, 1440 Canal Street, Suite 2301, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Samuel B Jameson
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, 1440 Canal Street, Suite 2301, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Sarah R Michaels
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, 1440 Canal Street, Suite 2301, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Joshua O Yukich
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, 1440 Canal Street, Suite 2301, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Dawn M Wesson
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, 1440 Canal Street, Suite 2301, New Orleans, LA, USA
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15
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Edelson PJ, Harold R, Ackelsberg J, Duchin JS, Lawrence SJ, Manabe YC, Zahn M, LaRocque RC. Climate Change and the Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases in the United States. Clin Infect Dis 2023; 76:950-956. [PMID: 36048507 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciac697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The earth is rapidly warming, driven by increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide and other gases that result primarily from fossil fuel combustion. In addition to causing arctic ice melting and extreme weather events, climatologic factors are linked strongly to the transmission of many infectious diseases. Changes in the prevalence of infectious diseases not only reflect the impacts of temperature, humidity, and other weather-related phenomena on pathogens, vectors, and animal hosts but are also part of a complex of social and environmental factors that will be affected by climate change, including land use, migration, and vector control. Vector- and waterborne diseases and coccidioidomycosis are all likely to be affected by a warming planet; there is also potential for climate-driven impacts on emerging infectious diseases and antimicrobial resistance. Additional resources for surveillance and public health activities are urgently needed, as well as systematic education of clinicians on the health impacts of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Edelson
- College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Rachel Harold
- Medical Society Consortium on Climate and Health, Center for Climate Change Communication, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
| | - Joel Ackelsberg
- New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Bureau of Communicable Disease, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Duchin
- Public Health-Seattle and King County, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Yukari C Manabe
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Matt Zahn
- Orange County Health Care Agency, Santa Ana, California, USA
| | - Regina C LaRocque
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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16
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Neira M, Erguler K, Ahmady-Birgani H, Al-Hmoud ND, Fears R, Gogos C, Hobbhahn N, Koliou M, Kostrikis LG, Lelieveld J, Majeed A, Paz S, Rudich Y, Saad-Hussein A, Shaheen M, Tobias A, Christophides G. Climate change and human health in the Eastern Mediterranean and Middle East: Literature review, research priorities and policy suggestions. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 216:114537. [PMID: 36273599 PMCID: PMC9729515 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Human health is linked to climatic factors in complex ways, and climate change can have profound direct and indirect impacts on the health status of any given region. Susceptibility to climate change is modulated by biological, ecological and socio-political factors such as age, gender, geographic location, socio-economic status, occupation, health status and housing conditions, among other. In the Eastern Mediterranean and Middle East (EMME), climatic factors known to affect human health include extreme heat, water shortages and air pollution. Furthermore, the epidemiology of vector-borne diseases (VBDs) and the health consequences of population displacement are also influenced by climate change in this region. To inform future policies for adaptation and mitigation measures, and based on an extensive review of the available knowledge, we recommend several research priorities for the region. These include the generation of more empirical evidence on exposure-response functions involving climate change and specific health outcomes, the development of appropriate methodologies to evaluate the physical and psychological effects of climate change on vulnerable populations, determining how climate change alters the ecological determinants of human health, improving our understanding of the effects of long-term exposure to heat stress and air pollution, and evaluating the interactions between adaptation and mitigation strategies. Because national boundaries do not limit most climate-related factors expected to impact human health, we propose that adaptation/mitigation policies must have a regional scope, and therefore require collaborative efforts among EMME nations. Policy suggestions include a decisive region-wide decarbonisation, the integration of environmentally driven morbidity and mortality data throughout the region, advancing the development and widespread use of affordable technologies for the production and management of drinking water by non-traditional means, the development of comprehensive strategies to improve the health status of displaced populations, and fostering regional networks for monitoring and controlling the spread of infectious diseases and disease vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Neira
- Climate and Atmosphere Research Center (CARE-C), The Cyprus Institute, Nicosia, Cyprus.
| | - Kamil Erguler
- Climate and Atmosphere Research Center (CARE-C), The Cyprus Institute, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | | | - Robin Fears
- European Academies Science Advisory Council (EASAC), Halle (Saale), Germany
| | | | - Nina Hobbhahn
- European Academies Science Advisory Council (EASAC), Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Maria Koliou
- University of Cyprus Medical School, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Leondios G Kostrikis
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus; Cyprus Academy of Sciences, Letters, and Arts, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Jos Lelieveld
- Climate and Atmosphere Research Center (CARE-C), The Cyprus Institute, Nicosia, Cyprus; Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - Azeem Majeed
- Department of Primary Care & Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Shlomit Paz
- Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yinon Rudich
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, The Weismann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Amal Saad-Hussein
- Environment and Climate Change Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Shaheen
- Damour for Community Development - Research Department, Palestine
| | - Aurelio Tobias
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - George Christophides
- Climate and Atmosphere Research Center (CARE-C), The Cyprus Institute, Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
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17
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Panarese R, Moore R, Page AP, McDonald M, MacDonald E, Weir W. The long-distance relationship between Dirofilaria and the UK: case report and literature review. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1128188. [PMID: 37180057 PMCID: PMC10172649 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1128188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last two decades, vector-borne pathogens (VBPs) have changed their distribution across the globe as a consequence of a variety of environmental, socioeconomic and geopolitical factors. Dirofilaria immitis and Dirofilaria repens are perfect exemplars of European VBPs of One Health concern that have undergone profound changes in their distribution, with new hotspots of infection appearing in previously non-endemic countries. Some areas, such as the United Kingdom, are still considered non-endemic. However, a combination of climate change and the potential spread of invasive mosquito species may change this scenario, exposing the country to the risk of outbreaks of filarial infections. Only a limited number of non-autochthonous cases have been recorded in the United Kingdom to date. These infections remain a diagnostic challenge for clinicians unfamiliar with these "exotic" parasites, which in turn complicates the approach to treatment and management. Therefore, this review aims to (i) describe the first case of D. repens infection in a dog currently resident in Scotland, (ii) summarise the available literature on Dirofilaria spp. infections in both humans and animals in the United Kingdom and (iii) assess the suitability of the United Kingdom for the establishment of these new VBPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Panarese
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Rossella Panarese,
| | - Rhiannon Moore
- Dundas Veterinary Group Limited, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Antony P. Page
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Mike McDonald
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Emma MacDonald
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - William Weir
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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18
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Lopez-Apodaca LI, Zarza H, Zamudio-Moreno E, Nuñez-Avellaneda D, Baak-Baak CM, Reyes-Solis GDC, Oswaldo Margarito TC, Peláez-Ballestas I, Roiz D, Suzán G, Roche B, Machain-Williams CI. Molecular survey of Zika virus in the animal-human interface in traditional farming. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1057686. [PMID: 36504864 PMCID: PMC9732010 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1057686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Backyard animal husbandry is common in rural communities in developing countries and, given the conditions in which it occurs, it can increase the risk of disease transmission, such as arboviruses. To determine the presence of the Zika virus (ZIKV) and abundance of its arthropod vectors we evaluated the socioeconomic implications involved in its transmission in two highly vulnerable Mayan communities in the state of Yucatan that practice backyard farming. An analytical cross-sectional study was carried out throughout 2016 to understand socioeconomic variables and seasonal patterns in mosquito populations. We selected 20 households from each community. Social exclusion indicators were analyzed, human and domestic animals were sampled, and mosquitoes were collected and identified. Four out of eight indicators of social exclusion were higher than the reported national averages. We captured 5,825 mosquitoes from 16 species being Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes aegypti the most abundant. The presence of chickens and human overcrowding in dwellings were the most significant factors (P = 0.026) associated with the presence of Ae. aegypti. Septic tanks (odds ratio = 6.64) and chickens (odds ratio = 27.41) in backyards were the main risk factors associated with the presence of immature states of Ae. aegypti in both communities. Molecular analysis to detect ZIKV was performed in blood samples from 416 humans, 1,068 backyard animals and 381 mosquito pools. Eighteen humans and 10 pig pools tested positive for ZIKV. Forty-three mosquito pools tested positive for flavivirus. Ten of the 43 pools of positive mosquitoes were sequenced, corresponding 3/10 to ZIKV and 1/10 to Dengue virus type 2. The findings obtained indicate the continuous circulation of Flavivirus (including ZIKV) in backyard environments in vulnerable communities, highlighting the importance of studying their transmission and maintenance in these systems, due that backyard animal husbandry is a common practice in these vulnerable communities with limited access to health services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ivone Lopez-Apodaca
- Laboratory of Arbovirology, Regional Research Center Dr. Hideyo Noguchi, Autonomous University of Yucatan, Mérida, Mexico
| | - Heliot Zarza
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Lerma Unit Metropolitan Autonomous University, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Emily Zamudio-Moreno
- Laboratory of Arbovirology, Regional Research Center Dr. Hideyo Noguchi, Autonomous University of Yucatan, Mérida, Mexico
| | - Daniel Nuñez-Avellaneda
- Direction Adjunt of Technological Development, Liaison and Innovation-National Science and Technology Council, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos Marcial Baak-Baak
- Laboratory of Arbovirology, Regional Research Center Dr. Hideyo Noguchi, Autonomous University of Yucatan, Mérida, Mexico
| | | | - Torres-Chablé Oswaldo Margarito
- Laboratory of Tropical and Vector-Borne Diseases DACA-UJAT, Academic Division of Agricultural Sciences, Juarez Autonomous University of Tabasco, Villahermosa, Mexico
| | | | - David Roiz
- Infectious Diseases: Vector, Control, Genetic, Ecology and Evolution (MIVEGEC), Univ. Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, Montpellier, France,International Laboratory Ecosystem, Biological Diversity, Habitat Modifications, and Risk of Emerging Pathogens and Diseases in Mexico (ELDORADO), Mérida, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Suzán
- International Laboratory Ecosystem, Biological Diversity, Habitat Modifications, and Risk of Emerging Pathogens and Diseases in Mexico (ELDORADO), Mérida, Mexico,Laboratory of Disease Ecology and One Health, Department of Ethology and Wildlife, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Benjamin Roche
- Infectious Diseases: Vector, Control, Genetic, Ecology and Evolution (MIVEGEC), Univ. Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, Montpellier, France,International Laboratory Ecosystem, Biological Diversity, Habitat Modifications, and Risk of Emerging Pathogens and Diseases in Mexico (ELDORADO), Mérida, Mexico
| | - Carlos Ignacio Machain-Williams
- Laboratory of Arbovirology, Regional Research Center Dr. Hideyo Noguchi, Autonomous University of Yucatan, Mérida, Mexico,*Correspondence: Carlos Ignacio Machain-Williams
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19
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Dong B, Khan L, Smith M, Trevino J, Zhao B, Hamer GL, Lopez-Lemus UA, Molina AA, Lubinda J, Nguyen USDT, Haque U. Spatio-temporal dynamics of three diseases caused by Aedes-borne arboviruses in Mexico. COMMUNICATIONS MEDICINE 2022; 2:134. [PMID: 36317054 PMCID: PMC9616936 DOI: 10.1038/s43856-022-00192-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The intensity of transmission of Aedes-borne viruses is heterogeneous, and multiple factors can contribute to variation at small spatial scales. Illuminating drivers of heterogeneity in prevalence over time and space would provide information for public health authorities. The objective of this study is to detect the spatiotemporal clusters and determine the risk factors of three major Aedes-borne diseases, Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), Dengue virus (DENV), and Zika virus (ZIKV) clusters in Mexico. Methods We present an integrated analysis of Aedes-borne diseases (ABDs), the local climate, and the socio-demographic profiles of 2469 municipalities in Mexico. We used SaTScan to detect spatial clusters and utilize the Pearson correlation coefficient, Randomized Dependence Coefficient, and SHapley Additive exPlanations to analyze the influence of socio-demographic and climatic factors on the prevalence of ABDs. We also compare six machine learning techniques, including XGBoost, decision tree, Support Vector Machine with Radial Basis Function kernel, K nearest neighbors, random forest, and neural network to predict risk factors of ABDs clusters. Results DENV is the most prevalent of the three diseases throughout Mexico, with nearly 60.6% of the municipalities reported having DENV cases. For some spatiotemporal clusters, the influence of socio-economic attributes is larger than the influence of climate attributes for predicting the prevalence of ABDs. XGBoost performs the best in terms of precision-measure for ABDs prevalence. Conclusions Both socio-demographic and climatic factors influence ABDs transmission in different regions of Mexico. Future studies should build predictive models supporting early warning systems to anticipate the time and location of ABDs outbreaks and determine the stand-alone influence of individual risk factors and establish causal mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Dong
- Department of Computer Science, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080 USA
| | - Latifur Khan
- Department of Computer Science, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080 USA
| | - Madison Smith
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX USA
| | - Jesus Trevino
- Department of Urban Affiars at the School of Architecture, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, 66455 San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo Léon Mexico
| | - Bingxin Zhao
- Department of Statistics and Data Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Gabriel L. Hamer
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX USA
| | - Uriel A. Lopez-Lemus
- Department of Health Sciences, Center for Biodefense and Global Infectious Diseases, Colima, 28078 Mexico
| | - Aracely Angulo Molina
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Sonora, Hermosillo 83000 Sonora, Mexico
| | - Jailos Lubinda
- Telethon Kids Institute, Malaria Atlas Project, Nedlands, WA Australia
| | - Uyen-Sa D. T. Nguyen
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX USA
| | - Ubydul Haque
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX USA
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20
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Bridging landscape ecology and urban science to respond to the rising threat of mosquito-borne diseases. Nat Ecol Evol 2022; 6:1601-1616. [DOI: 10.1038/s41559-022-01876-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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21
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Piovezan-Borges AC, Valente-Neto F, Urbieta GL, Laurence SGW, de Oliveira Roque F. Global trends in research on the effects of climate change on Aedes aegypti: international collaboration has increased, but some critical countries lag behind. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:346. [PMID: 36175962 PMCID: PMC9520940 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05473-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mosquito-borne diseases (e.g., transmitted by Aedes aegypti) affect almost 700 million people each year and result in the deaths of more than 1 million people annually. Methods We examined research undertaken during the period 1951–2020 on the effects of temperature and climate change on Ae. aegypti, and also considered research location and between-country collaborations. Results The frequency of publications on the effects of climate change on Ae. aegypti increased over the period examined, and this topic received more attention than the effects of temperature alone on this species. The USA, UK, Australia, Brazil, and Argentina were the dominant research hubs, while other countries fell behind with respect to number of scientific publications and/or collaborations. The occurrence of Ae. aegypti and number of related dengue cases in the latter are very high, and climate change scenarios predict changes in the range expansion and/or occurrence of this species in these countries. Conclusions We conclude that some of the countries at risk of expanding Ae. aegypti populations have poor research networks that need to be strengthened. A number of mechanisms can be considered for the improvement of international collaboration, representativity and diversity, such as research networks, internationalization programs, and programs that enhance representativity. These types of collaboration are considered important to expand the relevant knowledge of these countries and for the development of management strategies in response to climate change scenarios. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13071-022-05473-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cláudia Piovezan-Borges
- Instituto de Biociências (INBIO), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Francisco Valente-Neto
- Instituto de Biociências (INBIO), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Lima Urbieta
- Laboratório de Mamíferos, Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Zoologia), Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brasil.
| | - Susan G W Laurence
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science (TESS), College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia
| | - Fabio de Oliveira Roque
- Instituto de Biociências (INBIO), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.,Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science (TESS), College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia
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22
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The African swine fever modelling challenge: Objectives, model description and synthetic data generation. Epidemics 2022; 40:100616. [PMID: 35878574 DOI: 10.1016/j.epidem.2022.100616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is an emerging disease currently spreading at the interface between wild boar and pig farms in Europe and Asia. Current disease control regulations, which involve massive culling with significant economic and animal welfare costs, need to be improved. Modelling enables relevant control measures to be explored, but conducting the exercise during an epidemic is extremely difficult. Modelling challenges enhance modellers' ability to timely advice policy makers, improve their readiness when facing emerging threats, and promote international collaborations. The ASF-Challenge, which ran between August 2020 and January 2021, was the first modelling challenge in animal health. In this paper, we describe the objectives and rules of the challenge. We then demonstrate the mechanistic multi-host model that was used to mimic as accurately as possible an ASF-like epidemic, provide a detailed explanation of the surveillance and intervention strategies that generated the synthetic data, and describe the different management strategies that were assessed by the competing modelling teams. We then outline the different technical steps of the challenge as well as its environment. Finally, we synthesize the lessons we learnt along the way to guide future modelling challenges in animal health.
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23
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Tourapi C, Tsioutis C. Circular Policy: A New Approach to Vector and Vector-Borne Diseases' Management in Line with the Global Vector Control Response (2017-2030). Trop Med Infect Dis 2022; 7:125. [PMID: 35878137 PMCID: PMC9319326 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed7070125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrated Vector Management (IVM) has yielded exemplary results in combating and preventing vector-borne diseases (VBDs) and their vectors. It's success and positive outcomes depend on the sound planning, implementation, enforcement, and validation of the locally adapted vector control efforts from the involved national sectors and stakeholders. Nevertheless, current realities create several implications impeding IVM's performance. Hence, there is a need to adjust local IVM plans to several factors, such as (i) the rapidly changing and unpredictable environmental conditions (i.e., climate change, shift on species distribution, invasive species-Anopheles stephensi, Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus); (ii) the environmental impacts from human activities (i.e., fossil fuel use, food sources, industry, land use, urbanization and deforestation); (iii) changes in human demographics and the international movement of people (travelers and forcibly displaced persons due to conflicts and severe weather) increasing the risk of contracting and transmitting vector-borne diseases and shifting humanitarian emergencies and societal demands; (iv) the SARS-CoV2 pandemic outbreak and the implication on national public health systems; (v) the continuous flow of technological advancements and newly acquired knowledge; (vi) the realization of the strong link between planetary health and public health. Addressing these factors in IVM can become difficult, taking into consideration the numerous involved sectors, stakeholders, and fields in the management of vectors and vector-borne diseases (VBD). This document proposes and discusses the aspects and steps of a holistic approach, referenced as the Circular Policy, for national and local IVM strategies to be effective and adaptable, capable of providing the optimum outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiana Tourapi
- Departments of Health Sciences and Medicine, European University Cyprus, Nicosia 2404, Cyprus;
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24
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Pereira FMM, Schimit PHT. Spatial dynamics of dengue fever spreading for the coexistence of two serotypes with an application to the city of São Paulo, Brazil. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2022; 219:106758. [PMID: 35398620 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2022.106758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Dengue fever is a disease in which individuals' spatial distribution and Aedes aegypti mosquitoes breeding places are important factors for the disease dynamics. Typically urban, dengue is a problem for least developed countries due to the ineffectiveness in controlling the vector and disorderly urbanization processes. The result is a composition of urban sanitation problems and areas with high demographic densities and intense flows of people. This paper explores the spatial distribution of vector breeding places to evaluate introducing a new dengue serotype to a population at equilibrium for a pre-existing serotype. The paper's objective is to analyze the spatial dynamics of dengue using variations of the basic reproduction number. METHODS A model based on probabilistic cellular automata is proposed to permitting the necessary flexibility to consider some spatial distributions of vector breeding places. Then, ordinary differential equations are used as a mean-field approach of the model, and the basic reproduction number (R0) is derived considering the next-generation matrix method. A spatial approach for R0 is also proposed, and the model is tested in a neighbourhood from the city of São Paulo, Brazil, to examine the potential risks of vector breeding cells distribution. RESULTS The results indicated that the more spread out these places, the higher are the values of R0. When the model is applied to a neighbourhood in São Paulo, residential areas may boost the infections and must be under public vigilance to combat vector breeding sites. CONCLUSIONS Considering the mean-field approximation of the cellular automata model by ordinary differential equations, the basic reproduction number derived returned an estimative of the disease dynamics in the population. However, the spatial basic reproduction number was more assertive in showing areas with a higher disease incidence. Moreover, the model could be easily adapted to be used in real maps enabling simulations closer to real problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- F M M Pereira
- Informatics and Knowledge Management Graduate Program, Universidade Nove de Julho, Rua Vergueiro, 235/249 São Paulo, 01525-000, SP, Brazil.
| | - P H T Schimit
- Informatics and Knowledge Management Graduate Program, Universidade Nove de Julho, Rua Vergueiro, 235/249 São Paulo, 01525-000, SP, Brazil.
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25
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dos Santos Conceição M, Chahad-Ehlers S, dos Santos-Neto LG, Sant’Ana AL, Ribeiro GPM, do Rocio Klisiowicz D, Silva-Inacio CL, de Moura Barbosa T, Gama RA, Lozovei AL, de Andrade AJ. Culicidae (Diptera: Culicomorpha) in the southern Brazilian 'Ana Leuch Lozovei' collection, with notes on distribution and diversity. GIGABYTE 2022; 2022:gigabyte55. [PMID: 36824533 PMCID: PMC9930534 DOI: 10.46471/gigabyte.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological collections are important for acquiring knowledge of the biodiversity of a specific environment. Here, we organize, list and catalog adult specimens of Culicidae from the Parasitology Collection of the Basic Pathology Department at the Federal University of Paraná, Brazil, and present a databank of taxonomic and collection information for each sample. Culicids were collected using different methodologies in 18 municipalities in Paraná state, between 1967 and 1999. There are 5,739 catalogued specimens, of which 4,703 (81.94%) are identified at species level, with a diversity of 100 species. Of these, 18 are new recorded samples for Paraná, and three are new for Brazil. This collection is named the Ana Leuch Lozovei Entomological Collection in honor of the 30 years Prof Lovozei dedicated to culicid study in Paraná. The collection comprises insect vectors or potential vectors, of agents causing human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurício dos Santos Conceição
- Basic Pathology Department, Federal University of Paraná, Av. Cel. Francisco H. dos Santos, 100 - Jardim das Américas, Curitiba, PR 81531-980, Brazil,Postgraduate Program in Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, Av. Cel. Francisco H. dos Santos, 100 - Jardim das Américas, Curitiba, PR 81531-980, Brazil, Corresponding authors. E-mail: ;
| | - Samira Chahad-Ehlers
- Genetics and Evolution Department, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235 SP-310, São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Luiz Gonzaga dos Santos-Neto
- Basic Pathology Department, Federal University of Paraná, Av. Cel. Francisco H. dos Santos, 100 - Jardim das Américas, Curitiba, PR 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Adson Luís Sant’Ana
- Basic Pathology Department, Federal University of Paraná, Av. Cel. Francisco H. dos Santos, 100 - Jardim das Américas, Curitiba, PR 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Princival Marques Ribeiro
- Basic Pathology Department, Federal University of Paraná, Av. Cel. Francisco H. dos Santos, 100 - Jardim das Américas, Curitiba, PR 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Débora do Rocio Klisiowicz
- Basic Pathology Department, Federal University of Paraná, Av. Cel. Francisco H. dos Santos, 100 - Jardim das Américas, Curitiba, PR 81531-980, Brazil,Postgraduate Program in Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, Av. Cel. Francisco H. dos Santos, 100 - Jardim das Américas, Curitiba, PR 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Cássio Lázaro Silva-Inacio
- Microbiology and Parasitology Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Senador Salgado Filho, 3000, Natal, RN 59078-970, Brazil
| | - Taciano de Moura Barbosa
- Microbiology and Parasitology Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Senador Salgado Filho, 3000, Natal, RN 59078-970, Brazil
| | - Renata Antonaci Gama
- Microbiology and Parasitology Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Senador Salgado Filho, 3000, Natal, RN 59078-970, Brazil
| | - Ana Leuch Lozovei
- Basic Pathology Department, Federal University of Paraná, Av. Cel. Francisco H. dos Santos, 100 - Jardim das Américas, Curitiba, PR 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Andrey José de Andrade
- Basic Pathology Department, Federal University of Paraná, Av. Cel. Francisco H. dos Santos, 100 - Jardim das Américas, Curitiba, PR 81531-980, Brazil,Postgraduate Program in Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, Av. Cel. Francisco H. dos Santos, 100 - Jardim das Américas, Curitiba, PR 81531-980, Brazil,Post-graduate Programme in Entomology, Zoology Department, Federal University of Paraná, Av. Cel. Francisco H. dos Santos, 100 - Jardim das Américas, Curitiba, PR 81531-980, Brazil, Corresponding authors. E-mail: ;
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26
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Evans MV, Bhatnagar S, Drake JM, Murdock CC, Mukherjee S. Socio‐ecological dynamics in urban systems: An integrative approach to mosquito‐borne disease in Bengaluru, India. PEOPLE AND NATURE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pan3.10311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle V. Evans
- MIVEGEC, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, IRD Montpellier France
- Odum School of Ecology University of Georgia Athens GA USA
- Center for Ecology of Infectious Diseases University of Georgia Athens GA USA
| | - Siddharth Bhatnagar
- Observatoire de Genève Université de Genève Sauverny Switzerland
- School of Arts and Sciences Azim Premji University Bengaluru India
| | - John M. Drake
- Odum School of Ecology University of Georgia Athens GA USA
- Center for Ecology of Infectious Diseases University of Georgia Athens GA USA
| | - Courtney C. Murdock
- Odum School of Ecology University of Georgia Athens GA USA
- Center for Ecology of Infectious Diseases University of Georgia Athens GA USA
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences Cornell University Ithaca NY USA
- Cornell Institute of Host‐Microbe Interactions and Disease Cornell University Ithaca NY USA
- Northeast Regional Center of Excellence in Vector‐borne Diseases Cornell University Ithaca NY USA
| | - Shomen Mukherjee
- School of Arts and Sciences Azim Premji University Bengaluru India
- Biology and Life Sciences Division, School of Arts and Sciences Ahmedabad University Ahmedabad Gujarat India
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27
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Gregory N, Ewers RM, Chung AYC, Cator LJ. Oil palm expansion increases the vectorial capacity of dengue vectors in Malaysian Borneo. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0009525. [PMID: 35294445 PMCID: PMC8959159 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in land-use and the associated shifts in environmental conditions can have large effects on the transmission and emergence of mosquito-borne disease. Mosquito-borne disease are particularly sensitive to these changes because mosquito growth, reproduction, survival and susceptibility to infection are all thermally sensitive traits, and land use change dramatically alters local microclimate. Predicting disease transmission under environmental change is increasingly critical for targeting mosquito-borne disease control and for identifying hotspots of disease emergence. Mechanistic models offer a powerful tool for improving these predictions. However, these approaches are limited by the quality and scale of temperature data and the thermal response curves that underlie predictions. Here, we used fine-scale temperature monitoring and a combination of empirical, laboratory and temperature-dependent estimates to estimate the vectorial capacity of Aedes albopictus mosquitoes across a tropical forest-oil palm plantation conversion gradient in Malaysian Borneo. We found that fine-scale differences in temperature between logged forest and oil palm plantation sites were not sufficient to produce differences in temperature-dependent demographic trait estimates using published thermal performance curves. However, when measured under field conditions a key parameter, adult abundance, differed significantly between land-use types, resulting in estimates of vectorial capacity that were 1.5 times higher in plantations than in forests. The prediction that oil palm plantations would support mosquito populations with higher vectorial capacity was robust to uncertainties in our adult survival estimates. These results provide a mechanistic basis for understanding the effects of forest conversion to agriculture on mosquito-borne disease risk, and a framework for interpreting emergent relationships between land-use and disease transmission. As the burden of Ae. albopictus-vectored diseases, such as dengue virus, increases globally and rising demand for palm oil products drives continued expansion of plantations, these findings have important implications for conservation, land management and public health policy at the global scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nichar Gregory
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, Berkshire, United Kingdom
| | - Robert M. Ewers
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, Berkshire, United Kingdom
| | | | - Lauren J. Cator
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, Berkshire, United Kingdom
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28
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Franklinos LHV, Redding DW, Lucas TCD, Gibb R, Abubakar I, Jones KE. Joint spatiotemporal modelling reveals seasonally dynamic patterns of Japanese encephalitis vector abundance across India. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010218. [PMID: 35192626 PMCID: PMC8896663 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Predicting vector abundance and seasonality, key components of mosquito-borne disease (MBD) hazard, is essential to determine hotspots of MBD risk and target interventions effectively. Japanese encephalitis (JE), an important MBD, is a leading cause of viral encephalopathy in Asia with 100,000 cases estimated annually, but data on the principal vector Culex tritaeniorhynchus is lacking. We developed a Bayesian joint-likelihood model that combined information from available vector occurrence and abundance data to predict seasonal vector abundance for C. tritaeniorhynchus (a constituent of JE hazard) across India, as well as examining the environmental drivers of these patterns. Using data collated from 57 locations from 24 studies, we find distinct seasonal and spatial patterns of JE vector abundance influenced by climatic and land use factors. Lagged precipitation, temperature and land use intensity metrics for rice crop cultivation were the main drivers of vector abundance, independent of seasonal, or spatial variation. The inclusion of environmental factors and a seasonal term improved model prediction accuracy (mean absolute error [MAE] for random cross validation = 0.48) compared to a baseline model representative of static hazard predictions (MAE = 0.95), signalling the importance of seasonal environmental conditions in predicting JE vector abundance. Vector abundance varied widely across India with high abundance predicted in northern, north-eastern, eastern, and southern regions, although this ranged from seasonal (e.g., Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal) to perennial (e.g., Assam, Tamil Nadu). One-month lagged predicted vector abundance was a significant predictor of JE outbreaks (odds ratio 2.45, 95% confidence interval: 1.52–4.08), highlighting the possible development of vector abundance as a proxy for JE hazard. We demonstrate a novel approach that leverages information from sparse vector surveillance data to predict seasonal vector abundance–a key component of JE hazard–over large spatial scales, providing decision-makers with better guidance for targeting vector surveillance and control efforts. Japanese encephalitis (JE) is the leading cause of viral encephalopathy in Asia with an estimated 100,000 annual cases and 25,000 deaths. However, insufficient data on the predominant mosquito vector Culex tritaeniorhynchus–a key component of JE hazard–precludes hazard estimation required to target public health interventions. Previous studies have provided limited estimates of JE hazard, often predicting geographic distributions of potential vector occurrence without accounting for vector abundance, seasonality, or uncertainty in predictions. This study details a novel approach to predict spatiotemporal patterns in JE vector abundance using a joint-likelihood modelling technique that leverages information from sparse vector surveillance data. We showed that patterns in JE vector abundance were driven by seasonality and environmental factors and so demonstrated the limitations of previously available static vector distribution maps in estimating the vector population component of JE hazard. One-month lagged vector abundance predictions showed a positive relationship with JE outbreaks, signalling the potential use of vector abundance as a proxy for JE hazard. While vector surveillance data are limited, joint-likelihood models offer a useful approach to inform vector abundance predictions. This study provides decision-makers with a more complete picture of the distribution of JE vector abundance and can be used to target vector surveillance and control efforts and enhance the allocation of resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia H. V. Franklinos
- Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - David W. Redding
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tim C. D. Lucas
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rory Gibb
- Centre for Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ibrahim Abubakar
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kate E. Jones
- Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London, United Kingdom
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29
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Marrana M. Epidemiology of disease through the interactions between humans, domestic animals, and wildlife. One Health 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-822794-7.00001-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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30
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Reyes-Montes MDR, Duarte-Escalante E, Frías-De-León MG, Pérez-Rodríguez A, Meraz-Ríos B. Impact of Climate Change on Dermatophytosis. Fungal Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-89664-5_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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31
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Seltenrich N. Standing Water and Missing Data: The Murky Relationship between Flooding and Mosquito-Borne Diseases. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2021; 129:124001. [PMID: 34851689 PMCID: PMC8635299 DOI: 10.1289/ehp10382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
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32
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Loss SR, Noden BH, Fuhlendorf SD. Woody plant encroachment and the ecology of vector‐borne diseases. J Appl Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.14083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Scott R. Loss
- Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management Oklahoma State University Stillwater OK USA
| | - Bruce H. Noden
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology Oklahoma State University Stillwater OK USA
| | - Samuel D. Fuhlendorf
- Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management Oklahoma State University Stillwater OK USA
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Simon LM, Rangel TF. Are Temperature Suitability and Socioeconomic Factors Reliable Predictors of Dengue Transmission in Brazil? FRONTIERS IN TROPICAL DISEASES 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fitd.2021.758393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue is an ongoing problem, especially in tropical countries. Like many other vector-borne diseases, the spread of dengue is driven by a myriad of climate and socioeconomic factors. Within developing countries, heterogeneities on socioeconomic factors are expected to create variable conditions for dengue transmission. However, the relative role of socioeconomic characteristics and their association with climate in determining dengue prevalence are poorly understood. Here we assembled essential socioeconomic factors over 5570 municipalities across Brazil and assessed their effect on dengue prevalence jointly with a previously predicted temperature suitability for transmission. Using a simultaneous autoregressive approach (SAR), we showed that the variability in the prevalence of dengue cases across Brazil is primarily explained by the combined effect of climate and socioeconomic factors. At some dengue seasons, the effect of temperature on transmission potential showed to be a more significant proxy of dengue cases. Still, socioeconomic factors explained the later increase in dengue prevalence over Brazil. In a heterogeneous country such as Brazil, recognizing the transmission drivers by vectors is a fundamental issue in effectively predicting and combating tropical diseases like dengue. Ultimately, it indicates that not considering socioeconomic factors in disease transmission predictions might compromise efficient surveillance strategies. Our study shows that sanitation, urbanization, and GDP are regional indicators that should be considered along with temperature suitability on dengue transmission, setting effective directions to mosquito-borne disease control.
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34
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Predicting the Geographic Range of an Invasive Livestock Disease across the Contiguous USA under Current and Future Climate Conditions. CLIMATE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/cli9110159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Vesicular stomatitis (VS) is the most common vesicular livestock disease in North America. Transmitted by direct contact and by several biting insect species, this disease results in quarantines and animal movement restrictions in horses, cattle and swine. As changes in climate drive shifts in geographic distributions of vectors and the viruses they transmit, there is considerable need to improve understanding of relationships among environmental drivers and patterns of disease occurrence. Multidisciplinary approaches integrating pathology, ecology, climatology, and biogeophysics are increasingly relied upon to disentangle complex relationships governing disease. We used a big data model integration approach combined with machine learning to estimate the potential geographic range of VS across the continental United States (CONUS) under long-term mean climate conditions over the past 30 years. The current extent of VS is confined to the western portion of the US and is related to summer and winter precipitation, winter maximum temperature, elevation, fall vegetation biomass, horse density, and proximity to water. Comparison with a climate-only model illustrates the importance of current processes-based parameters and identifies regions where uncertainty is likely to be greatest if mechanistic processes change. We then forecast shifts in the range of VS using climate change projections selected from CMIP5 climate models that most realistically simulate seasonal temperature and precipitation. Climate change scenarios that altered climatic conditions resulted in greater changes to potential range of VS, generally had non-uniform impacts in core areas of the current potential range of VS and expanded the range north and east. We expect that the heterogeneous impacts of climate change across the CONUS will be exacerbated with additional changes in land use and land cover affecting biodiversity and hydrological cycles that are connected to the ecology of insect vectors involved in VS transmission.
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Chapungu L, Nhamo G. Interfacing vector-borne disease dynamics with climate change: Implications for the attainment of SDGs in Masvingo city, Zimbabwe. JAMBA (POTCHEFSTROOM, SOUTH AFRICA) 2021; 13:1175. [PMID: 34691367 PMCID: PMC8517737 DOI: 10.4102/jamba.v13i1.1175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study used a mixed-methods research design to examine the sensitivity of vector-borne disease (VBD) patterns to the changes in rainfall and temperature trends. The research focused on malaria in Masvingo Province, Zimbabwe. The study interfaced the climate action, health and sustainable cities and communities with sustainable development goals (SDGs). Historical climate and epidemiological data were used to compute the correlations and determine the possible modifications of disease patterns. Clustered random and chain-referral sampling approaches were used to select study sites and respondents. Primary data were gathered through a questionnaire survey (n = 191), interviews and focus group discussions, with Mann-Kendal trend tests performed using XLSTAT 2020. The results show a positive correlation between malaria prevalence rates and temperature-related variables. A decline in precipitation-related variables, specifically mean monthly precipitation (MMP), was associated with an increase in malaria prevalence. These observations were confirmed by the views of the respondents, which show that climate change has a bearing on malaria spatial and temporal dynamics in Masvingo Province. The study concludes that climate change plays a contributory role in VBD dynamics, thereby impeding the attainment of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, especially SDG 3, which deals with health. The study recommends further research into appropriate adaptation mechanisms to increase the resilience of rural and urban communities against the negative transmutations associated with weather and climatic pressures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lazarus Chapungu
- College of Economics and Management Sciences, Institute of Corporate Citizenship, Exxaro Chair of Climate and Sustainability Transitions, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Godwell Nhamo
- College of Economics and Management Sciences, Institute of Corporate Citizenship, Exxaro Chair of Climate and Sustainability Transitions, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa
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Mboera LEG, Sindato C, Mremi IR, Rumisha SF, George J, Ngolongolo R, Misinzo G, Karimuribo ED, Rweyemamu MM, Haider N, Hamid MA, Kock R. Socio-Ecological Systems Analysis and Health System Readiness in Responding to Dengue Epidemics in Ilala and Kinondoni Districts, Tanzania. FRONTIERS IN TROPICAL DISEASES 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fitd.2021.738758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
IntroductionSince 2010, Tanzania has been experiencing frequent outbreaks of dengue. The objectives of this study were to carry out a socio-ecological systems (SES) analysis to identify risk factors and interventions and assess the readiness of the district in the prevention and control of dengue.MethodsThe study utilized a cross-sectional purposive selection of key stakeholders responsible for disease surveillance and response in human and animal sectors in Ilala and Kinondoni districts in Tanzania. A SES framework was used to identify drivers and construct perceived thematic causal explanations of the dengue outbreaks in the study districts. A mapping exercise was carried out to analyse the performance of the disease surveillance system at district and facility levels. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to assess the districts’ readiness in the response to dengue outbreak.ResultsThe two districts were characterized by both urban and peri-urban ecosystems, with a mixture of planned and unplanned settlements which support breeding and proliferation of Aedes mosquitoes. The results indicate inadequate levels of readiness in the management and control of dengue outbreaks, in terms of clinical competence, diagnostic capacities, surveillance system and control/prevention measures. Mosquito breeding sites, especially discarded automobile tyres, were reported to be scattered in the districts. Constraining factors in implementing disease surveillance included both intrapersonal and interpersonal factors, lack of case management guidelines, difficult language used in standard case definitions, inadequate laboratory capacity, lack of appropriate rapid response teams, inadequate knowledge on outbreak investigation and inadequate capacities in data management.ConclusionThe two districts had limited readiness in the management and control of dengue, in terms of clinical competence, diagnostic capacities, surveillance system and prevention and control measures. These challenges require the immediate attention by the authorities, as they compromise the effectiveness of the national strategy for community health support.
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Towards Sustainable Community-Based Systems for Infectious Disease and Disaster Response; Lessons from Local Initiatives in Four African Countries. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su131810083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This paper explores the role of decentralised community-based care systems in achieving sustainable healthcare in resource-poor areas. Based on case studies from Sierra Leone, Madagascar, Uganda and Ethiopia, the paper argues that a community-based system of healthcare is more effective in the prevention, early diagnosis, and primary care in response to the zoonotic and infectious diseases associated with extreme weather events as well as their direct health impacts. Community-based systems of care have a more holistic view of the determinants of health and can integrate responses to health challenges, social wellbeing, ecological and economic viability. The case studies profiled in this paper reveal the importance of expanding notions of health to encompass the whole environment (physical and social, across time and space) in which people live, including the explicit recognition of ecological interests and their interconnections with health. While much work still needs to be done in defining and measuring successful community responses to health and other crises, we identify two potentially core criteria: the inclusion and integration of local knowledge in response planning and actions, and the involvement of researchers and practitioners, e.g., community-embedded health workers and NGO staff, as trusted key interlocuters in brokering knowledge and devising sustainable community systems of care.
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Coalson JE, Anderson EJ, Santos EM, Madera Garcia V, Romine JK, Luzingu JK, Dominguez B, Richard DM, Little AC, Hayden MH, Ernst KC. The Complex Epidemiological Relationship between Flooding Events and Human Outbreaks of Mosquito-Borne Diseases: A Scoping Review. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2021; 129:96002. [PMID: 34582261 PMCID: PMC8478154 DOI: 10.1289/ehp8887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Climate change is expected to increase the frequency of flooding events. Although rainfall is highly correlated with mosquito-borne diseases (MBD) in humans, less research focuses on understanding the impact of flooding events on disease incidence. This lack of research presents a significant gap in climate change-driven disease forecasting. OBJECTIVES We conducted a scoping review to assess the strength of evidence regarding the potential relationship between flooding and MBD and to determine knowledge gaps. METHODS PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were searched through 31 December 2020 and supplemented with review of citations in relevant publications. Studies on rainfall were included only if the operationalization allowed for distinction of unusually heavy rainfall events. Data were abstracted by disease (dengue, malaria, or other) and stratified by post-event timing of disease assessment. Studies that conducted statistical testing were summarized in detail. RESULTS From 3,008 initial results, we included 131 relevant studies (dengue n = 45 , malaria n = 61 , other MBD n = 49 ). Dengue studies indicated short-term (< 1 month ) decreases and subsequent (1-4 month) increases in incidence. Malaria studies indicated post-event incidence increases, but the results were mixed, and the temporal pattern was less clear. Statistical evidence was limited for other MBD, though findings suggest that human outbreaks of Murray Valley encephalitis, Ross River virus, Barmah Forest virus, Rift Valley fever, and Japanese encephalitis may follow flooding. DISCUSSION Flooding is generally associated with increased incidence of MBD, potentially following a brief decrease in incidence for some diseases. Methodological inconsistencies significantly limit direct comparison and generalizability of study results. Regions with established MBD and weather surveillance should be leveraged to conduct multisite research to a) standardize the quantification of relevant flooding, b) study nonlinear relationships between rainfall and disease, c) report outcomes at multiple lag periods, and d) investigate interacting factors that modify the likelihood and severity of outbreaks across different settings. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP8887.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna E. Coalson
- Center for Insect Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Ellen M. Santos
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Arizona Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Valerie Madera Garcia
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Arizona Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - James K. Romine
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Arizona Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Joy K. Luzingu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Arizona Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Brian Dominguez
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Arizona Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Danielle M. Richard
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Arizona Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Ashley C. Little
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Arizona Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Mary H. Hayden
- National Institute for Human Resilience, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA
| | - Kacey C. Ernst
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Arizona Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, Tucson, Arizona, USA
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Gladkov SO. On the Question of Self-Organization of Population Dynamics on Earth. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350921050055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Nigusie A, Gizaw Z, Gebrehiwot M, Destaw B. Vector-Borne Diseases and Associated Factors in the Rural Communities of Northwest Ethiopia: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH INSIGHTS 2021; 15:11786302211043049. [PMID: 34483662 PMCID: PMC8414622 DOI: 10.1177/11786302211043049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human illnesses caused by parasites, viruses, and bacteria that are transmitted by vectors are called vector-borne diseases. Vector-borne diseases usually affect the poorest populations, particularly where there is a lack of access to adequate housing, safe drinking water, and sanitation. This community-based cross-sectional study was, conducted to assess the prevalence of self-reported vector-borne diseases and associated factors in the rural communities of northwest Ethiopia. METHODS A community-based cross-sectional study design with structured observation was conducted among 1191 randomly selected rural households in northwest Ethiopia from April to June 2017. Data were collected by using a structured questionnaire; and observation checklist. Multivariable binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify variables associated with the prevalence of self-reported vector-borne diseases on the basis of adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) and P-values <.05. RESULTS In the current study, 216 (18.1%) of the rural households reported one or more vector-borne diseases. Scabies (9.5%) were the most reported vector-borne disease followed by Malaria (6.9%). The prevalence of self-reported vector-borne diseases was statistically associated with the head of the family (mother) (AOR = 0.13, 95% CI = 0.02-0.72), regular cleaning of the living environment (AOR = 0.51, 95% CI = 0.36-0.74), poor cleanness of the living rooms (AOR = 1.77, 95% CI = 1.03-3.03), and moderate cleanness of the floor (AOR = 1.64, 95% CI = 1.06-2.52). CONCLUSION The prevalence of self-reported vector-borne diseases was high in the rural communities of northwest Ethiopia. The low prevalence was associated with family head; regular cleaning of living environment and cleanness of the floor. Designing and strengthening an intervention strategy for environmental sanitation, regular cleaning of living house, and keeping personal hygiene shall be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adane Nigusie
- Department of Health Education and
Behavioral Sciences, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health
Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Zemichael Gizaw
- Department of Environmental and
Occupational Health and Safety, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and
Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
- Department of Epidemiology and
Biostatistics, Addis Continental Institute of Public Health, Addis Ababa,
Ethiopia
| | - Mulat Gebrehiwot
- Department of Environmental and
Occupational Health and Safety, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and
Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Bikes Destaw
- Department of Environmental and
Occupational Health and Safety, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and
Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Tidman R, Abela-Ridder B, de Castañeda RR. The impact of climate change on neglected tropical diseases: a systematic review. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2021; 115:147-168. [PMID: 33508094 PMCID: PMC7842100 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/traa192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) are a diverse group of diseases that continue to affect >1 billion people, with these diseases disproportionately impacting vulnerable populations and territories. Climate change is having an increasing impact on public health in tropical and subtropical areas and across the world and can affect disease distribution and transmission in potentially diverse ways. Improving our understanding of how climate change influences NTDs can help identify populations at risk to include in future public health interventions. Articles were identified by searching electronic databases for reports of climate change and NTDs between 1 January 2010 and 1 March 2020. Climate change may influence the emergence and re-emergence of multiple NTDs, particularly those that involve a vector or intermediate host for transmission. Although specific predictions are conflicting depending on the geographic area, the type of NTD and associated vectors and hosts, it is anticipated that multiple NTDs will have changes in their transmission period and geographic range and will likely encroach on regions and populations that have been previously unaffected. There is a need for improved surveillance and monitoring to identify areas of NTD incursion and emergence and include these in future public health interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Tidman
- Consultant, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Bernadette Abela-Ridder
- Department of the Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Rafael Ruiz de Castañeda
- Department of the Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.,Institute of Global Health, Department of Community Health and Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland
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Agboli E, Zahouli JBZ, Badolo A, Jöst H. Mosquito-Associated Viruses and Their Related Mosquitoes in West Africa. Viruses 2021; 13:v13050891. [PMID: 34065928 PMCID: PMC8151702 DOI: 10.3390/v13050891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mosquito-associated viruses (MAVs), including mosquito-specific viruses (MSVs) and mosquito-borne (arbo)viruses (MBVs), are an increasing public, veterinary, and global health concern, and West Africa is projected to be the next front for arboviral diseases. As in-depth knowledge of the ecologies of both western African MAVs and related mosquitoes is still limited, we review available and comprehensive data on their diversity, abundance, and distribution. Data on MAVs’ occurrence and related mosquitoes were extracted from peer-reviewed publications. Data on MSVs, and mosquito and vertebrate host ranges are sparse. However, more data are available on MBVs (i.e., dengue, yellow fever, chikungunya, Zika, and Rift Valley fever viruses), detected in wild and domestic animals, and humans, with infections more concentrated in urban areas and areas affected by strong anthropogenic changes. Aedes aegypti, Culex quinquefasciatus, and Aedes albopictus are incriminated as key arbovirus vectors. These findings outline MAV, related mosquitoes, key knowledge gaps, and future research areas. Additionally, these data highlight the need to increase our understanding of MAVs and their impact on host mosquito ecology, to improve our knowledge of arbovirus transmission, and to develop specific strategies and capacities for arboviral disease surveillance, diagnostic, prevention, control, and outbreak responses in West Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Agboli
- Molecular Biology and Immunology Department, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, 20359 Hamburg, Germany;
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho PMB 31, Ghana
| | - Julien B. Z. Zahouli
- Centre d’Entomologie Médicale et Vétérinaire, Université Alassane Ouattara, Bouake, 27 BP 529 Abidjan 27, Cote D’Ivoire;
- Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d’Ivoire, Département de Recherche et Développement, 01 BP 1303 Abidjan 01, Cote D’Ivoire
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, 4051 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Athanase Badolo
- Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Entomology, Universitée Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Ouagadougou 03 BP 7021, Burkina Faso;
| | - Hanna Jöst
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, WHO Collaborating Centre for Arbovirus and Hemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
- Correspondence:
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Campos TL, Korhonen PK, Young ND. Cross-Predicting Essential Genes between Two Model Eukaryotic Species Using Machine Learning. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5056. [PMID: 34064595 PMCID: PMC8150380 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental studies of Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster have contributed substantially to our understanding of molecular and cellular processes in metazoans at large. Since the publication of their genomes, functional genomic investigations have identified genes that are essential or non-essential for survival in each species. Recently, a range of features linked to gene essentiality have been inferred using a machine learning (ML)-based approach, allowing essentiality predictions within a species. Nevertheless, predictions between species are still elusive. Here, we undertake a comprehensive study using ML to discover and validate features of essential genes common to both C. elegans and D. melanogaster. We demonstrate that the cross-species prediction of gene essentiality is possible using a subset of features linked to nucleotide/protein sequences, protein orthology and subcellular localisation, single-cell RNA-seq, and histone methylation markers. Complementary analyses showed that essential genes are enriched for transcription and translation functions and are preferentially located away from heterochromatin regions of C. elegans and D. melanogaster chromosomes. The present work should enable the cross-prediction of essential genes between model and non-model metazoans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tulio L. Campos
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; (T.L.C.); (P.K.K.)
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (IAM-Fiocruz), Recife 50740-465, PE, Brazil
| | - Pasi K. Korhonen
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; (T.L.C.); (P.K.K.)
| | - Neil D. Young
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; (T.L.C.); (P.K.K.)
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Bandh SA, Shafi S, Peerzada M, Rehman T, Bashir S, Wani SA, Dar R. Multidimensional analysis of global climate change: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:24872-24888. [PMID: 33763833 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13139-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Even though climate change involves much more than warming, it is the name given to a set of physical phenomena. It is a long-term change in weather patterns that characterises different regions of the world. The warming effect in the earth's atmosphere has dramatically increased through the influence of some heat-taping gases emitted by various human activities, especially fossil fuel burning. The more the input of such gases, the more will be the warming effect in the coming times. Global climate change is already visible in various parts of the larger ecosystems like forests, fisheries, biodiversity, and agriculture; however, it is now also influencing the supply of freshwater, human health, and well-being. This paper reviews climate change drivers, its global scenario, major global events, and assessing climate change impacts. The most daunting problem of economic and ecological risks, along with the threats to humanity, is also discussed. The paper further reviews the species' vulnerability to climate change and the heat waves and human migration vis-à-vis climate change. Climate change politics and coverage of climate change episodes in mass media is the special focus of this review that concludes with a few mitigation measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhaib A Bandh
- P.G. Department of Environmental Science, Sri Pratap College Campus, Cluster University, Srinagar, 190001, India.
| | - Sana Shafi
- P.G. Department of Environmental Science, Sri Pratap College Campus, Cluster University, Srinagar, 190001, India
| | - Mohazeb Peerzada
- P.G. Department of Environmental Science, Sri Pratap College Campus, Cluster University, Srinagar, 190001, India
| | - Tanzeela Rehman
- P.G. Department of Environmental Science, Sri Pratap College Campus, Cluster University, Srinagar, 190001, India
| | - Shahnaz Bashir
- P.G. Department of Environmental Science, Sri Pratap College Campus, Cluster University, Srinagar, 190001, India
| | - Shahid A Wani
- P.G. Department of Environmental Science, Sri Pratap College Campus, Cluster University, Srinagar, 190001, India
| | - Rubiya Dar
- Center of Research for Development CORD, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, India
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Huxley PJ, Murray KA, Pawar S, Cator LJ. The effect of resource limitation on the temperature dependence of mosquito population fitness. Proc Biol Sci 2021; 288:20203217. [PMID: 33906411 PMCID: PMC8079993 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2020.3217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Laboratory-derived temperature dependencies of life-history traits are increasingly being used to make mechanistic predictions for how climatic warming will affect vector-borne disease dynamics, partially by affecting abundance dynamics of the vector population. These temperature-trait relationships are typically estimated from juvenile populations reared on optimal resource supply, even though natural populations of vectors are expected to experience variation in resource supply, including intermittent resource limitation. Using laboratory experiments on the mosquito Aedes aegypti, a principal arbovirus vector, combined with stage-structured population modelling, we show that low-resource supply in the juvenile life stages significantly depresses the vector's maximal population growth rate across the entire temperature range (22-32°C) and causes it to peak at a lower temperature than at high-resource supply. This effect is primarily driven by an increase in juvenile mortality and development time, combined with a decrease in adult size with temperature at low-resource supply. Our study suggests that most projections of temperature-dependent vector abundance and disease transmission are likely to be biased because they are based on traits measured under optimal resource supply. Our results provide compelling evidence for future studies to consider resource supply when predicting the effects of climate and habitat change on vector-borne disease transmission, disease vectors and other arthropods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J. Huxley
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Kris A. Murray
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- MRC Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Samraat Pawar
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK
| | - Lauren J. Cator
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK
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Campos NBD, Morais MHF, Ceolin APR, Cunha MDCM, Nicolino RR, Schultes OL, Friche AADL, Caiaffa WT. Twenty-Two years of dengue fever (1996-2017): an epidemiological study in a Brazilian city. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2021; 31:315-324. [PMID: 31468989 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2019.1656801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
This ecological study analyzed the temporal pattern of clinically diagnosed and laboratory confirmed dengue cases in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil from 1996 to 2017. The study was divided into two analytical parts, the first of which evaluated the association between dengue incidence and host and climatic factors. The second part encompassed data from 2002 to 2017 and examined dengue incidence in relation to virus serotype and an intra-urban socioeconomic index. Over 22 years there were 469,171 cases and four epidemic peaks. There was an increase in the number, severity, and lethality of cases over the last 10 years of the study period. Biological and environmental factors appear to modulate the behavior of dengue in a large urban center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Bruna Dias Campos
- Municipal Health Department, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais
- Urban Health Observatory of Belo Horizonte (OSUBH in Portuguese), School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais
| | | | - Ana Paula Romanelli Ceolin
- Urban Health Observatory of Belo Horizonte (OSUBH in Portuguese), School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais
| | | | | | - Olívia Lang Schultes
- Urban Health Observatory of Belo Horizonte (OSUBH in Portuguese), School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais
| | - Amélia Augusta de Lima Friche
- Urban Health Observatory of Belo Horizonte (OSUBH in Portuguese), School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais
| | - Waleska Teixeira Caiaffa
- Urban Health Observatory of Belo Horizonte (OSUBH in Portuguese), School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais
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Bregnard C, Rais O, Voordouw MJ. Masting by beech trees predicts the risk of Lyme disease. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:168. [PMID: 33743800 PMCID: PMC7980658 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-04646-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of Lyme borreliosis and other tick-borne diseases is increasing in Europe and North America. There is currently much interest in identifying the ecological factors that determine the density of infected ticks as this variable determines the risk of Lyme borreliosis to vertebrate hosts, including humans. Lyme borreliosis is caused by the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.) and in western Europe, the hard tick Ixodes ricinus is the most important vector. METHODS Over a 15-year period (2004-2018), we monitored the monthly abundance of I. ricinus ticks (nymphs and adults) and their B. burgdorferi s.l. infection status at four different elevations on a mountain in western Switzerland. We collected climate variables in the field and from nearby weather stations. We obtained data on beech tree seed production (masting) from the literature, as the abundance of Ixodes nymphs can increase dramatically 2 years after a masting event. We used generalized linear mixed effects models and AIC-based model selection to identify the ecological factors that influence inter-annual variation in the nymphal infection prevalence (NIP) and the density of infected nymphs (DIN). RESULTS We found that the NIP decreased by 78% over the study period. Inter-annual variation in the NIP was explained by the mean precipitation in the present year, and the duration that the DNA extraction was stored in the freezer prior to pathogen detection. The DIN decreased over the study period at all four elevation sites, and the decrease was significant at the top elevation. Inter-annual variation in the DIN was best explained by elevation site, year, beech tree masting index 2 years prior and the mean relative humidity in the present year. This is the first study in Europe to demonstrate that seed production by deciduous trees influences the density of nymphs infected with B. burgdorferi s.l. and hence the risk of Lyme borreliosis. CONCLUSIONS Public health officials in Europe should be aware that masting by deciduous trees is an important predictor of the risk of Lyme borreliosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Bregnard
- Laboratory of Ecology and Evolution of Parasites, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Rais
- Laboratory of Ecology and Epidemiology of Parasites, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Maarten Jeroen Voordouw
- Laboratory of Ecology and Evolution of Parasites, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
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Beltrame L, Rose Vineer H, Walker JG, Morgan ER, Vickerman P, Wagener T. Discovering environmental management opportunities for infectious disease control. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6442. [PMID: 33742016 PMCID: PMC7979760 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85250-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate change and emerging drug resistance make the control of many infectious diseases increasingly challenging and diminish the exclusive reliance on drug treatment as sole solution to the problem. As disease transmission often depends on environmental conditions that can be modified, such modifications may become crucial to risk reduction if we can assess their potential benefit at policy-relevant scales. However, so far, the value of environmental management for this purpose has received little attention. Here, using the parasitic disease of fasciolosis in livestock in the UK as a case study, we demonstrate how mechanistic hydro-epidemiological modelling can be applied to understand disease risk drivers and the efficacy of environmental management across a large heterogeneous domain. Our results show how weather and other environmental characteristics interact to define disease transmission potential and reveal that environmental interventions such as risk avoidance management strategies can provide a valuable alternative or complement to current treatment-based control practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovica Beltrame
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK. .,Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
| | - Hannah Rose Vineer
- Department of Infection Biology and Microbiomes, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Eric R Morgan
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | | | - Thorsten Wagener
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,Cabot Institute for the Environment, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,Institute for Environmental Science and Geography, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
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González E, Molina R, Iriso A, Ruiz S, Aldea I, Tello A, Fernández D, Jiménez M. Opportunistic feeding behaviour and Leishmania infantum detection in Phlebotomus perniciosus females collected in the human leishmaniasis focus of Madrid, Spain (2012-2018). PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009240. [PMID: 33720936 PMCID: PMC7993803 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background An outbreak of human leishmaniasis due to Leishmania infantum has been registered in an urban area of southwestern Madrid, Spain, since 2010. Entomological surveys carried out in the municipalities of Fuenlabrada, Leganés, Getafe and Humanes de Madrid showed that Phlebotomus perniciosus is the only potential vector. In this work, an intensive molecular surveillance was performed in P. perniciosus females captured in the region between 2012 and 2018. Methodology/Principal findings A total of 1805 P. perniciosus females were analyzed for Leishmania infection, and 1189 of them also for bloodmeal identification. Eleven different species of vertebrate were detected by amplification and subsequent sequencing of the 359 bp cytb fragment. The most prevalent blood source identified was hare (n = 553, 46.51%), followed by rabbit (n = 262, 21.95%). Less frequent were cat (n = 45, 3.80%), human (n = 34, 2.90%), pig (n = 14, 1.20%), horse (n = 11, 0.93%), sheep (n = 3, 0.25%), rhea (n = 3, 0.25%), partridge (n = 1, 0.09%) and chicken (n = 1, 0.09%). The distribution of the blood meal sources varied between the different locations. Regarding L. infantum detection, PCR amplification of a fragment of kDNA, cpb gene and ITS1 region showed 162 positive specimens (8.97%). The highest infection rate was found in the municipality of Leganés (15.17%). Conclusions The results of this molecular survey in P. perniciosus, the only leishmaniasis vector in the outbreak occurred in southwestern Madrid region, showed its opportunistic blood-feeding behaviour, high infection rates and the differences between the different points. This study was an essential part of the intensive surveillance plan in the area and the results obtained have supported the implementation of control measures in the outbreak. Vector-borne diseases (VBD) comprise a pathogen-vector-reservoir relation, and control programs should take into account different factors involving this relationship. This study is focused on a leishmaniasis outbreak that has occurred in the southwestern Madrid region since 2010. An intensive molecular surveillance of the sand fly vector Phlebotomus perniciosus was carried out from 2012 to 2018 in 4 municipalities from the affected region: Fuenlabrada, Leganés, Getafe and Humanes de Madrid. The aim of this investigation was to discern how much the vector was infected and find out its blood-feeding habits in the different surveyed points. The results showed an important rate of infected sand flies and also that P. perniciosus presents an opportunistic blood-feeding behaviour, taking blood from many different hosts, depending on their availability and density. The results obtained in this surveillance helped the authorities to plan and implement more accurate and effective control measures in the area, reflecting the importance of applying molecular surveillance in VBD outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estela González
- Laboratorio de Entomología Médica, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid
| | - Ricardo Molina
- Laboratorio de Entomología Médica, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid
| | - Andrés Iriso
- Área de Vigilancia de Riesgos Ambientales en Salud, Dirección General de Salud Pública, Consejería de Sanidad, Comunidad de Madrid
| | - Sonia Ruiz
- Laboratorio de Entomología Médica, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid
| | - Irene Aldea
- Laboratorio de Entomología Médica, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid
| | - Ana Tello
- Departamento de Zoología y Antropología Física, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid
| | - Daniel Fernández
- Laboratorio de Entomología Médica, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid
| | - Maribel Jiménez
- Laboratorio de Entomología Médica, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid
- * E-mail:
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Ha TTV, Fan H, Shuang L. Climate change impact assessment on Northeast China's grain production. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:14508-14520. [PMID: 33215276 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11602-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The international community is paying more attention to climate change because a consensus has been reached that climate change has an adverse effect not only on the environment but also on agriculture. Therefore, in this study, present and future climate datasets (obtained from general circulation models) including atmospheric carbon concentration were used to assess the impact of climate change on grain production for an important base of China (Northeast). An empirical model has been developed using climate and other additional variables (effective irrigation area, fertilizer, and labor force) to assess the effect of climate change on grain production. The results revealed that maximum temperature is a key climate determinant in grain production of the study area. Atmospheric carbon concentration showed a significant impact on grain outputs in most of the cases. During the analysis, it was observed that precipitation displayed a declining trend while an effective irrigation area showed positive non-significant contribution to grain production. Analysis based on different representative concentration pathways exhibited that maximum temperature may contribute negatively to grain production in the future. Overall, the analysis showed that climate change has a significant contribution to grain production. In conclusion, the implications for future research and policymakers have been addressed. Particularly, the importance of considering regional differences in adaptation planning in agricultural regions was also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trinh Thi Viet Ha
- School of Economics and Management, Northeast Agricultural University, 150030, Harbin, China
| | - Honglu Fan
- School of Economics and Management, Northeast Agricultural University, 150030, Harbin, China
| | - Li Shuang
- School of Economics and Management, Northeast Agricultural University, 150030, Harbin, China.
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