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Wang X, Padawer-Curry JA, Bice AR, Kim B, Rosenthal ZP, Lee JM, Goyal MS, Macauley SL, Bauer AQ. Spatiotemporal relationships between neuronal, metabolic, and hemodynamic signals in the awake and anesthetized mouse brain. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114723. [PMID: 39277861 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurovascular coupling (NVC) and neurometabolic coupling (NMC) provide the basis for functional magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography to map brain neurophysiology. While increases in neuronal activity are often accompanied by increases in blood oxygen delivery and oxidative metabolism, these observations are not the rule. This decoupling is important when interpreting brain network organization (e.g., resting-state functional connectivity [RSFC]) because it is unclear whether changes in NMC/NVC affect RSFC measures. We leverage wide-field optical imaging in Thy1-jRGECO1a mice to map cortical calcium activity in pyramidal neurons, flavoprotein autofluorescence (representing oxidative metabolism), and hemodynamic activity during wake and ketamine/xylazine anesthesia. Spontaneous dynamics of all contrasts exhibit patterns consistent with RSFC. NMC/NVC relative to excitatory activity varies over the cortex. Ketamine/xylazine profoundly alters NVC but not NMC. Compared to awake RSFC, ketamine/xylazine affects metabolic-based connectomes moreso than hemodynamic-based measures of RSFC. Anesthesia-related differences in NMC/NVC timing do not appreciably alter RSFC structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Wang
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Jonah A Padawer-Curry
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Imaging Sciences Program, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Annie R Bice
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Byungchan Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Zachary P Rosenthal
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Health System Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jin-Moo Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Manu S Goyal
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Shannon L Macauley
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40508, USA
| | - Adam Q Bauer
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; Imaging Sciences Program, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
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2
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Broggini T, Duckworth J, Ji X, Liu R, Xia X, Mächler P, Shaked I, Munting LP, Iyengar S, Kotlikoff M, van Veluw SJ, Vergassola M, Mishne G, Kleinfeld D. Long-wavelength traveling waves of vasomotion modulate the perfusion of cortex. Neuron 2024; 112:2349-2367.e8. [PMID: 38781972 PMCID: PMC11257831 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2024.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Brain arterioles are active, multicellular complexes whose diameters oscillate at ∼ 0.1 Hz. We assess the physiological impact and spatiotemporal dynamics of vaso-oscillations in the awake mouse. First, vaso-oscillations in penetrating arterioles, which source blood from pial arterioles to the capillary bed, profoundly impact perfusion throughout neocortex. The modulation in flux during resting-state activity exceeds that of stimulus-induced activity. Second, the change in perfusion through arterioles relative to the change in their diameter is weak. This implies that the capillary bed dominates the hydrodynamic resistance of brain vasculature. Lastly, the phase of vaso-oscillations evolves slowly along arterioles, with a wavelength that exceeds the span of the cortical mantle and sufficient variability to establish functional cortical areas as parcels of uniform phase. The phase-gradient supports traveling waves in either direction along both pial and penetrating arterioles. This implies that waves along penetrating arterioles can mix, but not directionally transport, interstitial fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Broggini
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Goethe University Frankfurt, Department of Neurosurgery, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jacob Duckworth
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Xiang Ji
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Xinyue Xia
- Halıcıoğlu Data Science Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Philipp Mächler
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Iftach Shaked
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Leon Paul Munting
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Satish Iyengar
- Department of Statistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Michael Kotlikoff
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Susanne J van Veluw
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | | | - Gal Mishne
- Halıcıoğlu Data Science Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - David Kleinfeld
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Neurobiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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3
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Li J, Zhang Y, Zhang D, Wang W, Xie H, Ruan J, Jin Y, Li T, Li X, Zhao B, Zhang X, Lin J, Shi H, Jia JM. Ca 2+ oscillation in vascular smooth muscle cells control myogenic spontaneous vasomotion and counteract post-ischemic no-reflow. Commun Biol 2024; 7:332. [PMID: 38491167 PMCID: PMC10942987 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06010-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke produces the highest adult disability. Despite successful recanalization, no-reflow, or the futile restoration of the cerebral perfusion after ischemia, is a major cause of brain lesion expansion. However, the vascular mechanism underlying this hypoperfusion is largely unknown, and no approach is available to actively promote optimal reperfusion to treat no-reflow. Here, by combining two-photon laser scanning microscopy (2PLSM) and a mouse middle cerebral arteriolar occlusion (MCAO) model, we find myogenic vasomotion deficits correlated with post-ischemic cerebral circulation interruptions and no-reflow. Transient occlusion-induced transient loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) permanently impairs mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum (ER) contacts and abolish Ca2+ oscillation in smooth muscle cells (SMCs), the driving force of myogenic spontaneous vasomotion. Furthermore, tethering mitochondria and ER by specific overexpression of ME-Linker in SMCs restores cytosolic Ca2+ homeostasis, remotivates myogenic spontaneous vasomotion, achieves optimal reperfusion, and ameliorates neurological injury. Collectively, the maintaining of arteriolar myogenic vasomotion and mitochondria-ER contacts in SMCs, are of critical importance in preventing post-ischemic no-reflow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinze Li
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China.
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, China.
- Laboratory of Neurovascular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Yiyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, China
- Laboratory of Neurovascular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dongdong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, China
- Laboratory of Neurovascular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wentao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, China
- Laboratory of Neurovascular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huiqi Xie
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, China
- Laboratory of Neurovascular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiayu Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, China
- Laboratory of Neurovascular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuxiao Jin
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, China
- Laboratory of Neurovascular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tingbo Li
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, China
- Laboratory of Neurovascular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuzhao Li
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, China
- Laboratory of Neurovascular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bingrui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, China
- Laboratory of Neurovascular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, China
- Laboratory of Neurovascular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiayi Lin
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongjun Shi
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie-Min Jia
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China.
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, China.
- Laboratory of Neurovascular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China.
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4
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Ao Y, Yang C, Drewes J, Jiang M, Huang L, Jing X, Northoff G, Wang Y. Spatiotemporal dedifferentiation of the global brain signal topography along the adult lifespan. Hum Brain Mapp 2023; 44:5906-5918. [PMID: 37800366 PMCID: PMC10619384 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related variations in many regions and/or networks of the human brain have been uncovered using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. However, these findings did not account for the dynamical effect the brain's global activity (global signal [GS]) causes on local characteristics, which is measured by GS topography. To address this gap, we tested GS topography including its correlation with age using a large-scale cross-sectional adult lifespan dataset (n = 492). Both GS topography and its variation with age showed frequency-specific patterns, reflecting the spatiotemporal characteristics of the dynamic change of GS topography with age. A general trend toward dedifferentiation of GS topography with age was observed in both spatial (i.e., less differences of GS between different regions) and temporal (i.e., less differences of GS between different frequencies) dimensions. Further, methodological control analyses suggested that although most age-related dedifferentiation effects remained across different preprocessing strategies, some were triggered by neuro-vascular coupling and physiological noises. Together, these results provide the first evidence for age-related effects on global brain activity and its topographic-dynamic representation in terms of spatiotemporal dedifferentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Ao
- Institute of Brain and Psychological SciencesSichuan Normal UniversityChengduChina
- Mind, Brain Imaging and Neuroethics Research Unit, Institute of Mental Health Research, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of OttawaOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Chengxiao Yang
- Institute of Brain and Psychological SciencesSichuan Normal UniversityChengduChina
| | - Jan Drewes
- Institute of Brain and Psychological SciencesSichuan Normal UniversityChengduChina
| | - Muliang Jiang
- First Affiliated HospitalGuangxi Medical UniversityNanningChina
| | - Lihui Huang
- Institute of Brain and Psychological SciencesSichuan Normal UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xiujuan Jing
- Institute of Brain and Psychological SciencesSichuan Normal UniversityChengduChina
| | - Georg Northoff
- Mind, Brain Imaging and Neuroethics Research Unit, Institute of Mental Health Research, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of OttawaOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Yifeng Wang
- Institute of Brain and Psychological SciencesSichuan Normal UniversityChengduChina
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5
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Schneider SC, Kaczmarz S, Göttler J, Kufer J, Zott B, Priller J, Kallmayer M, Zimmer C, Sorg C, Preibisch C. Stronger influence of systemic than local hemodynamic-vascular factors on resting-state BOLD functional connectivity. Neuroimage 2023; 281:120380. [PMID: 37741595 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Correlated fluctuations in the blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) signal of resting-state functional MRI (i.e., BOLD-functional connectivity, BOLD-FC) reflect a spectrum of neuronal and non-neuronal processes. In particular, there are multiple hemodynamic-vascular influences on BOLD-FC on both systemic (e.g., perfusion delay) and local levels (e.g., neurovascular coupling). While the influence of individual factors has been studied extensively, combined and comparative studies of systemic and local hemodynamic-vascular factors on BOLD-FC are scarce, notably in humans. We employed a multi-modal MRI approach to investigate and compare distinct hemodynamic-vascular processes and their impact on homotopic BOLD-FC in healthy controls and patients with unilateral asymptomatic internal carotid artery stenosis (ICAS). Asymptomatic ICAS is a cerebrovascular disorder, in which neuronal functioning is largely preserved but hemodynamic-vascular processes are impaired, mostly on the side of stenosis. Investigated indicators for local hemodynamic-vascular processes comprise capillary transit time heterogeneity (CTH) and cerebral blood volume (CBV) from dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) MRI, and cerebral blood flow (CBF) from pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling (pCASL). Indicators for systemic processes are time-to-peak (TTP) from DSC MRI and BOLD lags from functional MRI. For each of these parameters, their influence on BOLD-FC was estimated by a comprehensive linear mixed model. Equally across groups, we found that individual mean BOLD-FC, local (CTH, CBV, and CBF) and systemic (TTP and BOLD lag) hemodynamic-vascular factors together explain 40.7% of BOLD-FC variance, with 20% of BOLD-FC variance explained by hemodynamic-vascular factors, with an about two-times larger contribution of systemic versus local factors. We conclude that regional differences in blood supply, i.e., systemic perfusion delays, exert a stronger influence on BOLD-FC than impairments in local neurovascular coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian C Schneider
- Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Clinic for Psychiatry, Ismaningerstr. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany; Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM Neuroimaging Center, Ismaningerstr. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany; Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Ismaningerstr. 22, 81675 Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Stephan Kaczmarz
- Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM Neuroimaging Center, Ismaningerstr. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany; Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Ismaningerstr. 22, 81675 Munich, Munich, Germany; Philips GmbH Market DACH, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jens Göttler
- Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM Neuroimaging Center, Ismaningerstr. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany; Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Ismaningerstr. 22, 81675 Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jan Kufer
- Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM Neuroimaging Center, Ismaningerstr. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany; Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Ismaningerstr. 22, 81675 Munich, Munich, Germany; Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Benedikt Zott
- Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM Neuroimaging Center, Ismaningerstr. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany; Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Ismaningerstr. 22, 81675 Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Josef Priller
- Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Clinic for Psychiatry, Ismaningerstr. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Kallmayer
- Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Clinic for vascular surgery, Ismaningerstr. 22, 81675 Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Claus Zimmer
- Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Ismaningerstr. 22, 81675 Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Sorg
- Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Clinic for Psychiatry, Ismaningerstr. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany; Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM Neuroimaging Center, Ismaningerstr. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany; Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Ismaningerstr. 22, 81675 Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christine Preibisch
- Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM Neuroimaging Center, Ismaningerstr. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany; Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Ismaningerstr. 22, 81675 Munich, Munich, Germany; Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Clinic for Neurology, Ismaningerstr. 22, 81675 Munich, Munich, Germany
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6
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Li M, He L, Zhang Z, Li Z, Zhu X, Jiao C, Hu D. The decoupling between hemodynamic parameters and neural activity implies a complex origin of spontaneous brain oscillations. Front Comput Neurosci 2023; 17:1214793. [PMID: 37583895 PMCID: PMC10423917 DOI: 10.3389/fncom.2023.1214793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Spontaneous low-frequency oscillations play a key role in brain activity. However, the underlying mechanism and origin of low-frequency oscillations remain under debate. Methods Optical imaging and an electrophysiological recording system were combined to investigate spontaneous oscillations in the hemodynamic parameters and neuronal activity of awake and anesthetized mice after Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) administration. Results The spectrum of local field potential (LFP) signals was significantly changed by L-NAME, which was further corroborated by the increase in energy and spatial synchronization. The important finding was that L-NAME triggered regular oscillations in both LFP signals and hemodynamic signals. Notably, the frequency peak of hemodynamic signals can be different from that of LFP oscillations in awake mice. Discussion A model of the neurovascular system was proposed to interpret this mismatch of peak frequencies, supporting the view that spontaneous low-frequency oscillations arise from multiple sources.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Dewen Hu
- College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China
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Zhao F, Tomita M, Dutta A. Operational Modal Analysis of Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Measure of 2-Month Exercise Intervention Effects in Sedentary Older Adults with Diabetes and Cognitive Impairment. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1099. [PMID: 37509027 PMCID: PMC10377417 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13071099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD 2019 Diseases and Injuries Collaborators) found that diabetes significantly increases the overall burden of disease, leading to a 24.4% increase in disability-adjusted life years. Persistently high glucose levels in diabetes can cause structural and functional changes in proteins throughout the body, and the accumulation of protein aggregates in the brain that can be associated with the progression of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). To address this burden in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a combined aerobic and resistance exercise program was developed based on the recommendations of the American College of Sports Medicine. The prospectively registered clinical trials (NCT04626453, NCT04812288) involved two groups: an Intervention group of older sedentary adults with T2DM and a Control group of healthy older adults who could be either active or sedentary. The completion rate for the 2-month exercise program was high, with participants completing on an average of 89.14% of the exercise sessions. This indicated that the program was practical, feasible, and well tolerated, even during the COVID-19 pandemic. It was also safe, requiring minimal equipment and no supervision. Our paper presents portable near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) based measures that showed muscle oxygen saturation (SmO2), i.e., the balance between oxygen delivery and oxygen consumption in muscle, drop during bilateral heel rise task (BHR) and the 6 min walk task (6MWT) significantly (p < 0.05) changed at the post-intervention follow-up from the pre-intervention baseline in the T2DM Intervention group participants. Moreover, post-intervention changes from pre-intervention baseline for the prefrontal activation (both oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin) showed statistically significant (p < 0.05, q < 0.05) effect at the right superior frontal gyrus, dorsolateral, during the Mini-Cog task. Here, operational modal analysis provided further insights into the 2-month exercise intervention effects on the very-low-frequency oscillations (<0.05 Hz) during the Mini-Cog task that improved post-intervention in the sedentary T2DM Intervention group from their pre-intervention baseline when compared to active healthy Control group. Then, the 6MWT distance significantly (p < 0.01) improved in the T2DM Intervention group at post-intervention follow-up from pre-intervention baseline that showed improved aerobic capacity and endurance. Our portable NIRS based measures have practical implications at the point of care for the therapists as they can monitor muscle and brain oxygenation changes during physical and cognitive tests to prescribe personalized physical exercise doses without triggering individual stress response, thereby, enhancing vascular health in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhao
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Machiko Tomita
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Anirban Dutta
- School of Engineering, University of Lincoln, Lincoln LN67TS, UK
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8
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Gheres KW, Ünsal HS, Han X, Zhang Q, Turner KL, Zhang N, Drew PJ. Arousal state transitions occlude sensory-evoked neurovascular coupling in neonatal mice. Commun Biol 2023; 6:738. [PMID: 37460780 PMCID: PMC10352318 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05121-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In the adult sensory cortex, increases in neural activity elicited by sensory stimulation usually drive vasodilation mediated by neurovascular coupling. However, whether neurovascular coupling is the same in neonatal animals as adults is controversial, as both canonical and inverted responses have been observed. We investigated the nature of neurovascular coupling in unanesthetized neonatal mice using optical imaging, electrophysiology, and BOLD fMRI. We find in neonatal (postnatal day 15, P15) mice, sensory stimulation induces a small increase in blood volume/BOLD signal, often followed by a large decrease in blood volume. An examination of arousal state of the mice revealed that neonatal mice were asleep a substantial fraction of the time, and that stimulation caused the animal to awaken. As cortical blood volume is much higher during REM and NREM sleep than the awake state, awakening occludes any sensory-evoked neurovascular coupling. When neonatal mice are stimulated during an awake period, they showed relatively normal (but slowed) neurovascular coupling, showing that that the typically observed constriction is due to arousal state changes. These result show that sleep-related vascular changes dominate over any sensory-evoked changes, and hemodynamic measures need to be considered in the context of arousal state changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle W Gheres
- Molecular Cellular and Integrative Bioscience program, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Hayreddin S Ünsal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Abdullah Gul University, Kayseri, Türkiye
| | - Xu Han
- Molecular Cellular and Integrative Bioscience program, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Qingguang Zhang
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Kevin L Turner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Nanyin Zhang
- Molecular Cellular and Integrative Bioscience program, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Center for Neural Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Center for Neurotechnology in Mental Health Research, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Patrick J Drew
- Molecular Cellular and Integrative Bioscience program, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
- Center for Neural Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
- Center for Neurotechnology in Mental Health Research, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
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9
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Rangaprakash D, Barry RL, Deshpande G. The confound of hemodynamic response function variability in human resting-state functional MRI studies. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:934138. [PMID: 37521709 PMCID: PMC10375034 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.934138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is an indirect measure of neural activity with the hemodynamic response function (HRF) coupling it with unmeasured neural activity. The HRF, modulated by several non-neural factors, is variable across brain regions, individuals and populations. Yet, a majority of human resting-state fMRI connectivity studies continue to assume a non-variable HRF. In this article, with supportive prior evidence, we argue that HRF variability cannot be ignored as it substantially confounds within-subject connectivity estimates and between-subjects connectivity group differences. We also discuss its clinical relevance with connectivity impairments confounded by HRF aberrations in several disorders. We present limited data on HRF differences between women and men, which resulted in a 15.4% median error in functional connectivity estimates in a group-level comparison. We also discuss the implications of HRF variability for fMRI studies in the spinal cord. There is a need for more dialogue within the community on the HRF confound, and we hope that our article is a catalyst in the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Rangaprakash
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Robert L. Barry
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Gopikrishna Deshpande
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, AU MRI Research Center, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
- Center for Neuroscience, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
- Alabama Advanced Imaging Consortium, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Key Laboratory for Learning and Cognition, School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
- Centre for Brain Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
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10
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Petro NM, Picci G, Embury CM, Ott LR, Penhale SH, Rempe MP, Johnson HJ, Willett MP, Wang YP, Stephen JM, Calhoun VD, Doucet GE, Wilson TW. Developmental differences in functional organization of multispectral networks. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:9175-9185. [PMID: 37279931 PMCID: PMC10505424 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Assessing brain connectivity during rest has become a widely used approach to identify changes in functional brain organization during development. Generally, previous works have demonstrated that brain activity shifts from more local to more distributed processing from childhood into adolescence. However, the majority of those works have been based on functional magnetic resonance imaging measures, whereas multispectral functional connectivity, as measured using magnetoencephalography (MEG), has been far less characterized. In our study, we examined spontaneous cortical activity during eyes-closed rest using MEG in 101 typically developing youth (9-15 years old; 51 females, 50 males). Multispectral MEG images were computed, and connectivity was estimated in the canonical delta, theta, alpha, beta, and gamma bands using the imaginary part of the phase coherence, which was computed between 200 brain regions defined by the Schaefer cortical atlas. Delta and alpha connectivity matrices formed more communities as a function of increasing age. Connectivity weights predominantly decreased with age in both frequency bands; delta-band differences largely implicated limbic cortical regions and alpha band differences in attention and cognitive networks. These results are consistent with previous work, indicating the functional organization of the brain becomes more segregated across development, and highlight spectral specificity across different canonical networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan M Petro
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, United States
- Center for Pediatric Brain Health, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, United States
| | - Giorgia Picci
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, United States
- Center for Pediatric Brain Health, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, United States
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Christine M Embury
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, United States
- Center for Pediatric Brain Health, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, United States
| | - Lauren R Ott
- San Diego State University/University of California San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Samantha H Penhale
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Maggie P Rempe
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, United States
- College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Hallie J Johnson
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, United States
| | - Madelyn P Willett
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, United States
| | - Yu-Ping Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | | | - Vince D Calhoun
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Gaelle E Doucet
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, United States
- Center for Pediatric Brain Health, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, United States
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Tony W Wilson
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, United States
- Center for Pediatric Brain Health, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, United States
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, United States
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11
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Liang Z, Wang X, Yu Z, Tong Y, Li X, Ma Y, Guo H. Age-dependent neurovascular coupling characteristics in children and adults during general anesthesia. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 14:2240-2259. [PMID: 37206124 PMCID: PMC10191645 DOI: 10.1364/boe.482127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
General anesthesia is an indispensable procedure in clinical practice. Anesthetic drugs induce dramatic changes in neuronal activity and cerebral metabolism. However, the age-related changes in neurophysiology and hemodynamics during general anesthesia remain unclear. Therefore, the objective of this study was to explore the neurovascular coupling between neurophysiology and hemodynamics in children and adults during general anesthesia. We analyzed frontal electroencephalogram (EEG) and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) signals recorded from children (6-12 years old, n = 17) and adults (18-60 years old, n = 25) during propofol-induced and sevoflurane-maintained general anesthesia. The neurovascular coupling was evaluated in wakefulness, maintenance of a surgical state of anesthesia (MOSSA), and recovery by using correlation, coherence and Granger-causality (GC) between the EEG indices [EEG power in different bands and permutation entropy (PE)], and hemodynamic responses the oxyhemoglobin (Δ[HbO]) and deoxy-hemoglobin (Δ[Hb]) from fNIRS in the frequency band in 0.01-0.1 Hz. The PE and Δ[Hb] performed well in distinguishing the anesthesia state (p > 0.001). The correlation between PE and Δ[Hb] was higher than those of other indices in the two age groups. The coherence significantly increased during MOSSA (p < 0.05) compared with wakefulness, and the coherences between theta, alpha and gamma, and hemodynamic activities of children are significantly stronger than that of adults' bands. The GC from neuronal activities to hemodynamic responses decreased during MOSSA, and can better distinguish anesthesia state in adults. Propofol-induced and sevoflurane-maintained combination exhibited age-dependent neuronal activities, hemodynamics, and neurovascular coupling, which suggests the need for separate rules for children's and adults' brain states monitoring during general anesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhu Liang
- School of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Rehabilitation and Neuromodulation of Hebei Province, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Rehabilitation and Neuromodulation of Hebei Province, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Zhenyang Yu
- School of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Rehabilitation and Neuromodulation of Hebei Province, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Yunjie Tong
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Xiaoli Li
- Center for Cognition and Neuroergonomics, Beijing Normal University (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519087, China
| | - Yaqun Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Seventh Medical Center to Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Hang Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Seventh Medical Center to Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100700, China
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12
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Claron J, Provansal M, Salardaine Q, Tissier P, Dizeux A, Deffieux T, Picaud S, Tanter M, Arcizet F, Pouget P. Co-variations of cerebral blood volume and single neurons discharge during resting state and visual cognitive tasks in non-human primates. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112369. [PMID: 37043356 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
To better understand how the brain allows primates to perform various sets of tasks, the ability to simultaneously record neural activity at multiple spatiotemporal scales is challenging but necessary. However, the contribution of single-unit activities (SUAs) to neurovascular activity remains to be fully understood. Here, we combine functional ultrasound imaging of cerebral blood volume (CBV) and SUA recordings in visual and fronto-medial cortices of behaving macaques. We show that SUA provides a significant estimate of the neurovascular response below the typical fMRI spatial resolution of 2mm3. Furthermore, our results also show that SUAs and CBV activities are statistically uncorrelated during the resting state but correlate during tasks. These results have important implications for interpreting functional imaging findings while one constructs inferences of SUA during resting state or tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Claron
- Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, INSERM U1208, Bron, France; Paris Brain Institute, Institut du Cerveau, INSERM 1127, CNRS 7225 Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | | | - Quentin Salardaine
- Paris Brain Institute, Institut du Cerveau, INSERM 1127, CNRS 7225 Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Tissier
- Paris Brain Institute, Institut du Cerveau, INSERM 1127, CNRS 7225 Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Dizeux
- Physics for Medicine, ESPCI, INSERM, CNRS, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Deffieux
- Physics for Medicine, ESPCI, INSERM, CNRS, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Serge Picaud
- Institut de la Vision, CNRS, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Mickael Tanter
- Physics for Medicine, ESPCI, INSERM, CNRS, PSL Research University, Paris, France.
| | - Fabrice Arcizet
- Institut de la Vision, CNRS, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.
| | - Pierre Pouget
- Paris Brain Institute, Institut du Cerveau, INSERM 1127, CNRS 7225 Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.
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13
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Wang S, Chang C. Complex topology meets simple statistics. Nat Neurosci 2023; 26:732-734. [PMID: 37095400 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-023-01295-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Catie Chang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
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14
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Jacob M, Ford J, Deacon T. Cognition is entangled with metabolism: relevance for resting-state EEG-fMRI. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:976036. [PMID: 37113322 PMCID: PMC10126302 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.976036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The brain is a living organ with distinct metabolic constraints. However, these constraints are typically considered as secondary or supportive of information processing which is primarily performed by neurons. The default operational definition of neural information processing is that (1) it is ultimately encoded as a change in individual neuronal firing rate as this correlates with the presentation of a peripheral stimulus, motor action or cognitive task. Two additional assumptions are associated with this default interpretation: (2) that the incessant background firing activity against which changes in activity are measured plays no role in assigning significance to the extrinsically evoked change in neural firing, and (3) that the metabolic energy that sustains this background activity and which correlates with differences in neuronal firing rate is merely a response to an evoked change in neuronal activity. These assumptions underlie the design, implementation, and interpretation of neuroimaging studies, particularly fMRI, which relies on changes in blood oxygen as an indirect measure of neural activity. In this article we reconsider all three of these assumptions in light of recent evidence. We suggest that by combining EEG with fMRI, new experimental work can reconcile emerging controversies in neurovascular coupling and the significance of ongoing, background activity during resting-state paradigms. A new conceptual framework for neuroimaging paradigms is developed to investigate how ongoing neural activity is "entangled" with metabolism. That is, in addition to being recruited to support locally evoked neuronal activity (the traditional hemodynamic response), changes in metabolic support may be independently "invoked" by non-local brain regions, yielding flexible neurovascular coupling dynamics that inform the cognitive context. This framework demonstrates how multimodal neuroimaging is necessary to probe the neurometabolic foundations of cognition, with implications for the study of neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Jacob
- Mental Health Service, San Francisco VA Healthcare System, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Judith Ford
- Mental Health Service, San Francisco VA Healthcare System, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Terrence Deacon
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
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15
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Gheres KW, Ãœnsal HS, Han X, Zhang Q, Turner KL, Zhang N, Drew PJ. Arousal state transitions occlude sensory-evoked neurovascular coupling in neonatal mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.18.529057. [PMID: 36824895 PMCID: PMC9949139 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.18.529057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
In the adult sensory cortex, increases in neural activity elicited by sensory stimulation usually drives vasodilation mediated by neurovascular coupling. However, whether neurovascular coupling is the same in neonatal animals as adults is controversial, as both canonical and inverted responses have been observed. We investigated the nature of neurovascular coupling in unanesthetized neonatal mice using optical imaging, electrophysiology, and BOLD fMRI. We find in neonatal (postnatal day 15, P15) mice, sensory stimulation induces a small increase in blood volume/BOLD signal, often followed by a large decrease in blood volume. An examination of arousal state of the mice revealed that neonatal mice were asleep a substantial fraction of the time, and that stimulation caused the animal to awaken. As cortical blood volume is much higher during REM and NREM sleep than the awake state, awakening occludes any sensory-evoked neurovascular coupling. When neonatal mice are stimulated during an awake period, they showed relatively normal (but slowed) neurovascular coupling, showing that that the typically observed constriction is due to arousal state changes. These result show that sleep-related vascular changes dominate over any sensory-evoked changes, and hemodynamic measures need to be considered in the context of arousal state changes. Significance Statement In the adult brain, increases in neural activity are often followed by vasodilation, allowing activity to be monitored using optical or magnetic resonance imaging. However, in neonates, sensory stimulation can drive vasoconstriction, whose origin was not understood. We used optical and magnetic resonance imaging approaches to investigate hemodynamics in neonatal mice. We found that sensory-induced vasoconstriction occurred when the mice were asleep, as sleep is associated with dilation of the vasculature of the brain relative to the awake state. The stimulus awakens the mice, causing a constriction due to the arousal state change. Our study shows the importance of monitoring arousal state, particularly when investigating subjects that may sleep, and the dominance arousal effects on brain hemodynamics.
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16
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Zhang D, Fu Q, Xue C, Xiao C, Sun Y, Liu W, Hu X. Characterization of Hemodynamic Alteration in Parkinson's Disease and Effect on Resting-State Connectivity. Neuroscience 2023:S0306-4522(23)00006-4. [PMID: 36642395 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a convolution of latent neural activity and the hemodynamic response function (HRF). According to prior studies, the neurodegenerative process in idiopathic Parkinson's Disease (PD) interacts significantly with neuromuscular abnormalities. Although these underlying neuromuscular changes might influence the temporal characteristics of HRF and fMRI signals, relatively few studies have explored this possibility. We hypothesized that such alterations would engender changes in estimated functional connectivity (FC) in fMRI space compared to latent neural space. To test these theories, we calculated voxel-level HRFs by deconvolving resting-state fMRI data from PD patients (n = 61) and healthy controls (HC) (n = 47). Significant group differences in HRF (P < 0.05, Gaussian random field-corrected) were observed in several regions previously associated with PD. Subsequently, we focused on putamen-seed-based FC differences between the PD and HC groups using fMRI and latent neural signals. The results suggested that neglecting HRF variability may cultivate false-positive and false-negative FC group differences. Furthermore, HRF was related to dopamine receptor type 2 (DRD2) gene expression (P < 0.001, t = -7.06, false discover rate-corrected). Taken together, these findings reveal HRF variation and its possible underlying molecular mechanism in PD, and suggest that deconvolution could reduce the impact of HRF variation on FC group differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qianyi Fu
- International Laboratory for Children's Medical Imaging Research, School of Biological Sciences and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chen Xue
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chaoyong Xiao
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Institute of Brain Functional Imaging, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Sun
- International Laboratory for Children's Medical Imaging Research, School of Biological Sciences and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Research Centre for University of Birmingham and Southeast University, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weiguo Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xiao Hu
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Institute of Brain Functional Imaging, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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17
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Scholkmann F, Vollenweider FX. Psychedelics and fNIRS neuroimaging: exploring new opportunities. NEUROPHOTONICS 2023; 10:013506. [PMID: 36474478 PMCID: PMC9717437 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.10.1.013506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this Outlook paper, we explain to the optical neuroimaging community as well as the psychedelic research community the great potential of using optical neuroimaging with functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to further explore the changes in brain activity induced by psychedelics. We explain why we believe now is the time to exploit the momentum of the current resurgence of research on the effects of psychedelics and the momentum of the increasing progress and popularity of the fNIRS technique to establish fNIRS in psychedelic research. With this article, we hope to contribute to this development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Scholkmann
- University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, Department of Neonatology, Zurich, Switzerland
- University of Bern, Institute of Complementary and Integrative Medicine, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Franz X. Vollenweider
- University Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Neuropsychopharmacology and Brain Imaging, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Zurich, Switzerland
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18
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Niizawa T, Sakuraba R, Kusaka T, Kurihara Y, Sugashi T, Kawaguchi H, Kanno I, Masamoto K. Spatiotemporal analysis of blood plasma and blood cell flow fluctuations of cerebral microcirculation in anesthetized rats. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2023; 43:138-152. [PMID: 36138557 PMCID: PMC9875347 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x221125743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral hemodynamics fluctuates spontaneously over broad frequency ranges. However, its spatiotemporal coherence of flow oscillations in cerebral microcirculation remains incompletely understood. The objective of this study was to characterize the spatiotemporal fluctuations of red blood cells (RBCs) and plasma flow in the rat cerebral microcirculation by simultaneously imaging their dynamic behaviors. Comparisons of changes in cross-section diameters between RBC and plasma flow showed dissociations in penetrating arterioles. The results indicate that vasomotion has the least effect on the lateral movement of circulating RBCs, resulting in variable changes in plasma layer thickness. Parenchymal capillaries exhibited slow fluctuations in RBC velocity (0.1 to 0.3 Hz), regardless of capillary diameter fluctuations (<0.1 Hz). Temporal fluctuations and the velocity of RBCs decreased significantly at divergent capillary bifurcations. The results indicate that a transit of RBCs generates flow resistance in the capillaries and that slow velocity fluctuations of the RBCs are subject to a number of bifurcations. In conclusion, the high-frequency oscillation of the blood flow is filtered at the bifurcation through the capillary networks. Therefore, a number of bifurcations in the cerebral microcirculation may contribute to the power of low-frequency oscillations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Niizawa
- Faculty of Informatics and Engineering, University of
Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ruka Sakuraba
- Faculty of Informatics and Engineering, University of
Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoya Kusaka
- Faculty of Informatics and Engineering, University of
Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuika Kurihara
- Faculty of Informatics and Engineering, University of
Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuma Sugashi
- Faculty of Informatics and Engineering, University of
Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan
- Center for Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering,
University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kawaguchi
- Human Informatics and Interaction Research Institute,
National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology
(AIST), Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Iwao Kanno
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research,
National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazuto Masamoto
- Faculty of Informatics and Engineering, University of
Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan
- Center for Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering,
University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research,
National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
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19
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Gu Y, Han F, Sainburg LE, Schade MM, Buxton OM, Duyn JH, Liu X. An orderly sequence of autonomic and neural events at transient arousal changes. Neuroimage 2022; 264:119720. [PMID: 36332366 PMCID: PMC9772091 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) allows the study of functional brain connectivity based on spatially structured variations in neuronal activity. Proper evaluation of connectivity requires removal of non-neural contributions to the fMRI signal, in particular hemodynamic changes associated with autonomic variability. Regression analysis based on autonomic indicator signals has been used for this purpose, but may be inadequate if neuronal and autonomic activities covary. To investigate this potential co-variation, we performed rsfMRI experiments while concurrently acquiring electroencephalography (EEG) and autonomic indicator signals, including heart rate, respiratory depth, and peripheral vascular tone. We identified a recurrent and systematic spatiotemporal pattern of fMRI (named as fMRI cascade), which features brief signal reductions in salience and default-mode networks and the thalamus, followed by a biphasic global change with a sensory-motor dominance. This fMRI cascade, which was mostly observed during eyes-closed condition, was accompanied by large EEG and autonomic changes indicative of arousal modulations. Importantly, the removal of the fMRI cascade dynamics from rsfMRI diminished its correlations with various signals. These results suggest that the rsfMRI correlations with various physiological and neural signals are not independent but arise, at least partly, from the fMRI cascades and associated neural and physiological changes at arousal modulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yameng Gu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Feng Han
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Lucas E Sainburg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Margeaux M Schade
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Orfeu M Buxton
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Jeff H Duyn
- Advanced MRI Section, Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; Institute for Computational and Data Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
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20
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Zhao L, Tannenbaum A, Bakker ENTP, Benveniste H. Physiology of Glymphatic Solute Transport and Waste Clearance from the Brain. Physiology (Bethesda) 2022; 37:0. [PMID: 35881783 PMCID: PMC9550574 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00015.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on the physiology of glymphatic solute transport and waste clearance, using evidence from experimental animal models as well as from human studies. Specific topics addressed include the biophysical characteristics of fluid and solute transport in the central nervous system, glymphatic-lymphatic coupling, as well as the role of cerebrospinal fluid movement for brain waste clearance. We also discuss the current understanding of mechanisms underlying increased waste clearance during sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Allen Tannenbaum
- Departments of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, New York
| | - Erik N T P Bakker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Helene Benveniste
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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21
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Drew PJ. Neurovascular coupling: motive unknown. Trends Neurosci 2022; 45:809-819. [PMID: 35995628 PMCID: PMC9768528 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2022.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the brain, increases in neural activity drive changes in local blood flow via neurovascular coupling. The common explanation for increased blood flow (known as functional hyperemia) is that it supplies the metabolic needs of active neurons. However, there is a large body of evidence that is inconsistent with this idea. Baseline blood flow is adequate to supply oxygen needs even with elevated neural activity. Neurovascular coupling is irregular, absent, or inverted in many brain regions, behavioral states, and conditions. Increases in respiration can increase brain oxygenation without flow changes. Simulations show that given the architecture of the brain vasculature, areas of low blood flow are inescapable and cannot be removed by functional hyperemia. As discussed in this article, potential alternative functions of neurovascular coupling include supplying oxygen for neuromodulator synthesis, brain temperature regulation, signaling to neurons, stabilizing and optimizing the cerebral vascular structure, accommodating the non-Newtonian nature of blood, and driving the production and circulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J Drew
- Center for Neural Engineering, Departments of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Neurosurgery, Biology, and Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, W-317 Millennium Science Complex, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
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22
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Sibert C, Hake HS, Stocco A. The Structured Mind at Rest: Low-Frequency Oscillations Reflect Interactive Dynamics Between Spontaneous Brain Activity and a Common Architecture for Task Control. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:832503. [PMID: 35898414 PMCID: PMC9309720 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.832503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The Common Model of Cognition (CMC) has been proposed as a high level framework through which functional neuroimaging data can be predicted and interpreted. Previous work has found the CMC is capable of predicting brain activity across a variety of tasks, but it has not been tested on resting state data. This paper adapts a previously used method for comparing theoretical models of brain structure, Dynamic Causal Modeling, for the task-free environment of resting state, and compares the CMC against six alternate architectural frameworks while also separately modeling spontaneous low-frequency oscillations. For a large sample of subjects from the Human Connectome Project, the CMC provides the best account of resting state brain activity, suggesting the presence of a general purpose structure of connections in the brain that drives activity when at rest and when performing directed task behavior. At the same time, spontaneous brain activity was found to be present and significant across all frequencies and in all regions. Together, these results suggest that, at rest, spontaneous low-frequency oscillations interact with the general cognitive architecture for task-based activity. The possible functional implications of these findings are discussed.
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23
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Scholkmann F, Tachtsidis I, Wolf M, Wolf U. Systemic physiology augmented functional near-infrared spectroscopy: a powerful approach to study the embodied human brain. NEUROPHOTONICS 2022; 9:030801. [PMID: 35832785 PMCID: PMC9272976 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.9.3.030801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
In this Outlook paper, we explain why an accurate physiological interpretation of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) neuroimaging signals is facilitated when systemic physiological activity (e.g., cardiorespiratory and autonomic activity) is measured simultaneously by employing systemic physiology augmented functional near-infrared spectroscopy (SPA-fNIRS). The rationale for SPA-fNIRS is twofold: (i) SPA-fNIRS enables a more complete interpretation and understanding of the fNIRS signals measured at the head since they contain components originating from neurovascular coupling and from systemic physiological sources. The systemic physiology signals measured with SPA-fNIRS can be used for regressing out physiological confounding components in fNIRS signals. Misinterpretations can thus be minimized. (ii) SPA-fNIRS enables to study the embodied brain by linking the brain with the physiological state of the entire body, allowing novel insights into their complex interplay. We envisage the SPA-fNIRS approach will become increasingly important in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Scholkmann
- University of Bern, Institute of Complementary and Integrative Medicine, Bern, Switzerland
- University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, Neonatology Research, Department of Neonatology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ilias Tachtsidis
- University College London, Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, London, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Wolf
- University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, Neonatology Research, Department of Neonatology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ursula Wolf
- University of Bern, Institute of Complementary and Integrative Medicine, Bern, Switzerland
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24
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Kedarasetti RT, Drew PJ, Costanzo F. Arterial vasodilation drives convective fluid flow in the brain: a poroelastic model. Fluids Barriers CNS 2022; 19:34. [PMID: 35570287 PMCID: PMC9107702 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-022-00326-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The movement of fluid into, through, and out of the brain plays an important role in clearing metabolic waste. However, there is controversy regarding the mechanisms driving fluid movement in the fluid-filled paravascular spaces (PVS), and whether the movement of metabolic waste in the brain extracellular space (ECS) is primarily driven by diffusion or convection. The dilation of penetrating arterioles in the brain in response to increases in neural activity (neurovascular coupling) is an attractive candidate for driving fluid circulation, as it drives deformation of the brain tissue and of the PVS around arteries, resulting in fluid movement. We simulated the effects of vasodilation on fluid movement into and out of the brain ECS using a novel poroelastic model of brain tissue. We found that arteriolar dilations could drive convective flow through the ECS radially outward from the arteriole, and that this flow is sensitive to the dynamics of the dilation. Simulations of sleep-like conditions, with larger vasodilations and increased extracellular volume in the brain showed enhanced movement of fluid from the PVS into the ECS. Our simulations suggest that both sensory-evoked and sleep-related arteriolar dilations can drive convective flow of cerebrospinal fluid not just in the PVS, but also into the ECS through the PVS around arterioles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Teja Kedarasetti
- grid.29857.310000 0001 2097 4281Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA USA ,grid.29857.310000 0001 2097 4281Center for Neural Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA USA
| | - Patrick J. Drew
- grid.29857.310000 0001 2097 4281Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA USA ,grid.29857.310000 0001 2097 4281Center for Neural Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA USA ,grid.29857.310000 0001 2097 4281Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA USA ,grid.29857.310000 0001 2097 4281Department of Neurosurgery, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA USA
| | - Francesco Costanzo
- grid.29857.310000 0001 2097 4281Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA USA ,grid.29857.310000 0001 2097 4281Center for Neural Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA USA ,grid.29857.310000 0001 2097 4281Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA USA ,grid.29857.310000 0001 2097 4281Department of Mathematics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA USA
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25
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Burlingham CS, Ryoo M, Roth ZN, Mirbagheri S, Heeger DJ, Merriam EP. Task-related hemodynamic responses in human early visual cortex are modulated by task difficulty and behavioral performance. eLife 2022; 11:e73018. [PMID: 35389340 PMCID: PMC9049970 DOI: 10.7554/elife.73018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Early visual cortex exhibits widespread hemodynamic responses in the absence of visual stimulation, which are entrained to the timing of a task and not predicted by local spiking or local field potential. Such task-related responses (TRRs) covary with reward magnitude and physiological signatures of arousal. It is unknown, however, if TRRs change on a trial-to-trial basis according to behavioral performance and task difficulty. If so, this would suggest that TRRs reflect arousal on a trial-to-trial timescale and covary with critical task and behavioral variables. We measured functional magnetic resonance imaging blood-oxygen-level-dependent (fMRI-BOLD) responses in the early visual cortex of human observers performing an orientation discrimination task consisting of separate easy and hard runs of trials. Stimuli were presented in a small portion of one hemifield, but the fMRI response was measured in the ipsilateral hemisphere, far from the stimulus representation and focus of spatial attention. TRRs scaled in amplitude with task difficulty, behavioral accuracy, reaction time, and lapses across trials. These modulations were not explained by the influence of respiration, cardiac activity, or head movement on the fMRI signal. Similar modulations with task difficulty and behavior were observed in pupil size. These results suggest that TRRs reflect arousal and behavior on the timescale of individual trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Minyoung Ryoo
- Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Zvi N Roth
- Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Saghar Mirbagheri
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - David J Heeger
- Department of Psychology and Center for Neural Science, New York UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Elisha P Merriam
- Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
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26
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The temporal dedifferentiation of global brain signal fluctuations during human brain ageing. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3616. [PMID: 35256664 PMCID: PMC8901682 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07578-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The variation of brain functions as healthy ageing has been discussed widely using resting-state brain imaging. Previous conclusions may be misinterpreted without considering the effects of global signal (GS) on local brain activities. Up to now, the variation of GS with ageing has not been estimated. To fill this gap, we defined the GS as the mean signal of all voxels in the gray matter and systematically investigated correlations between age and indices of GS fluctuations. What's more, these tests were replicated with data after hemodynamic response function (HRF) de-convolution and data without noise regression as well as head motion data to verify effects of non-neural information on age. The results indicated that GS fluctuations varied as ageing in three ways. First, GS fluctuations were reduced with age. Second, the GS power transferred from lower frequencies to higher frequencies with age. Third, the GS power was more evenly distributed across frequencies in ageing brain. These trends were partly influenced by HRF and physiological noise, indicating that the age effects of GS fluctuations are associated with a variety of physiological activities. These results may indicate the temporal dedifferentiation hypothesis of brain ageing from the global perspective.
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27
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Zhang Q, Cramer SR, Ma Z, Turner KL, Gheres KW, Liu Y, Drew PJ, Zhang N. Brain-wide ongoing activity is responsible for significant cross-trial BOLD variability. Cereb Cortex 2022; 32:5311-5329. [PMID: 35179203 PMCID: PMC9712744 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A notorious issue of task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is its large cross-trial variability. To quantitatively characterize this variability, the blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signal can be modeled as a linear summation of a stimulation-relevant and an ongoing (i.e. stimulation-irrelevant) component. However, systematic investigation on the spatiotemporal features of the ongoing BOLD component and how these features affect the BOLD response is still lacking. Here we measured fMRI responses to light onsets and light offsets in awake rats. The neuronal response was simultaneously recorded with calcium-based fiber photometry. We established that between-region BOLD signals were highly correlated brain-wide at zero time lag, including regions that did not respond to visual stimulation, suggesting that the ongoing activity co-fluctuates across the brain. Removing this ongoing activity reduced cross-trial variability of the BOLD response by ~30% and increased its coherence with the Ca2+ signal. Additionally, the negative ongoing BOLD activity sometimes dominated over the stimulation-driven response and contributed to the post-stimulation BOLD undershoot. These results suggest that brain-wide ongoing activity is responsible for significant cross-trial BOLD variability, and this component can be reliably quantified and removed to improve the reliability of fMRI response. Importantly, this method can be generalized to virtually all fMRI experiments without changing stimulation paradigms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States,Center for Neural Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States
| | - Samuel R Cramer
- Center for Neural Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States,The Neuroscience Graduate Program, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States
| | - Zilu Ma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States,Center for Neural Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States
| | - Kevin L Turner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States,Center for Neural Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States
| | - Kyle W Gheres
- Center for Neural Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States,Graduate Program in Molecular, Cellular, and Integrative Biosciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States
| | - Yikang Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States,Center for Neural Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States
| | - Patrick J Drew
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States,Center for Neural Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States,The Neuroscience Graduate Program, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States,Graduate Program in Molecular, Cellular, and Integrative Biosciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States,Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States,Department of Neurosurgery, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, United States
| | - Nanyin Zhang
- Corresponding author: Biomedical Engineering and Electrical Engineering, Lloyd & Dorothy Foehr Huck Chair in Brain Imaging, The Huck Institutes of Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, W-341 Millennium Science Complex, University Park, PA 16802, United States.
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28
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Abstract
The spontaneous dynamics of the brain modulate its function from moment to moment, shaping neural computation and cognition. Functional MRI (fMRI), while classically used as a tool for spatial localization, is increasingly being used to identify the temporal dynamics of brain activity. fMRI analyses focused on the temporal domain have revealed important new information about the dynamics underlying states such as arousal, attention, and sleep. Dense temporal sampling – either by using fast fMRI acquisition, or multiple repeated scan sessions within individuals – can further enrich the information present in these studies. This review focuses on recent developments in using fMRI to identify dynamics across brain states, particularly vigilance and sleep states, and the potential for highly temporally sampled fMRI to answer these questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zinong Yang
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston MA, United States
| | - Laura D Lewis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston MA, United States.,Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston MA, United States
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29
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Schaeffer S, Iadecola C. Revisiting the neurovascular unit. Nat Neurosci 2021; 24:1198-1209. [PMID: 34354283 PMCID: PMC9462551 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-021-00904-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The brain is supplied by an elaborate vascular network that originates extracranially and reaches deep into the brain. The concept of the neurovascular unit provides a useful framework to investigate how neuronal signals regulate nearby microvessels to support the metabolic needs of the brain, but it does not consider the role of larger cerebral arteries and systemic vasoactive signals. Furthermore, the recently emerged molecular heterogeneity of cerebrovascular cells indicates that there is no prototypical neurovascular unit replicated at all levels of the vascular network. Here, we examine the cellular and molecular diversity of the cerebrovascular tree and the relative contribution of systemic and brain-intrinsic factors to neurovascular function. Evidence supports the concept of a 'neurovascular complex' composed of segmentally diverse functional modules that implement coordinated vascular responses to central and peripheral signals to maintain homeostasis of the brain. This concept has major implications for neurovascular regulation in health and disease and for brain imaging.
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30
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Zhang Q, Gheres KW, Drew PJ. Origins of 1/f-like tissue oxygenation fluctuations in the murine cortex. PLoS Biol 2021; 19:e3001298. [PMID: 34264930 PMCID: PMC8282088 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The concentration of oxygen in the brain spontaneously fluctuates, and the distribution of power in these fluctuations has a 1/f-like spectra, where the power present at low frequencies of the power spectrum is orders of magnitude higher than at higher frequencies. Though these oscillations have been interpreted as being driven by neural activity, the origin of these 1/f-like oscillations is not well understood. Here, to gain insight of the origin of the 1/f-like oxygen fluctuations, we investigated the dynamics of tissue oxygenation and neural activity in awake behaving mice. We found that oxygen signal recorded from the cortex of mice had 1/f-like spectra. However, band-limited power in the local field potential did not show corresponding 1/f-like fluctuations. When local neural activity was suppressed, the 1/f-like fluctuations in oxygen concentration persisted. Two-photon measurements of erythrocyte spacing fluctuations and mathematical modeling show that stochastic fluctuations in erythrocyte flow could underlie 1/f-like dynamics in oxygenation. These results suggest that the discrete nature of erythrocytes and their irregular flow, rather than fluctuations in neural activity, could drive 1/f-like fluctuations in tissue oxygenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingguang Zhang
- Center for Neural Engineering, Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail: (QZ); (PJD)
| | - Kyle W. Gheres
- Graduate Program in Molecular Cellular and Integrative Biosciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Patrick J. Drew
- Center for Neural Engineering, Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail: (QZ); (PJD)
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31
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Howarth C, Mishra A, Hall CN. More than just summed neuronal activity: how multiple cell types shape the BOLD response. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2021; 376:20190630. [PMID: 33190598 PMCID: PMC7116385 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional neuroimaging techniques are widely applied to investigations of human cognition and disease. The most commonly used among these is blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging. The BOLD signal occurs because neural activity induces an increase in local blood supply to support the increased metabolism that occurs during activity. This supply usually outmatches demand, resulting in an increase in oxygenated blood in an active brain region, and a corresponding decrease in deoxygenated blood, which generates the BOLD signal. Hence, the BOLD response is shaped by an integration of local oxygen use, through metabolism, and supply, in the blood. To understand what information is carried in BOLD signals, we must understand how several cell types in the brain-local excitatory neurons, inhibitory neurons, astrocytes and vascular cells (pericytes, vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells), and their modulation by ascending projection neurons-contribute to both metabolism and haemodynamic changes. Here, we review the contributions of each cell type to the regulation of cerebral blood flow and metabolism, and discuss situations where a simplified interpretation of the BOLD response as reporting local excitatory activity may misrepresent important biological phenomena, for example with regards to arousal states, ageing and neurological disease. This article is part of the theme issue 'Key relationships between non-invasive functional neuroimaging and the underlying neuronal activity'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare Howarth
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 2LT, UK
| | - Anusha Mishra
- Department of Neurology, Jungers Center for Neurosciences Research, and Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
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32
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Mishra A, Hall CN, Howarth C, Freeman RD. Key relationships between non-invasive functional neuroimaging and the underlying neuronal activity. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 376:20190622. [PMID: 33190600 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional neuroimaging using MRI relies on measurements of blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signals from which inferences are made about the underlying neuronal activity. This is possible because neuronal activity elicits increases in blood flow via neurovascular coupling, which gives rise to the BOLD signal. Hence, an accurate interpretation of what BOLD signals mean in terms of neural activity depends on a full understanding of the mechanisms that underlie the measured signal, including neurovascular and neurometabolic coupling, the contribution of different cell types to local signalling, and regional differences in these mechanisms. Furthermore, the contributions of systemic functions to cerebral blood flow may vary with ageing, disease and arousal states, with regard to both neuronal and vascular function. In addition, recent developments in non-invasive imaging technology, such as high-field fMRI, and comparative inter-species analysis, allow connections between non-invasive data and mechanistic knowledge gained from invasive cellular-level studies. Considered together, these factors have immense potential to improve BOLD signal interpretation and bring us closer to the ultimate purpose of decoding the mechanisms of human cognition. This theme issue covers a range of recent advances in these topics, providing a multidisciplinary scientific and technical framework for future work in the neurovascular and cognitive sciences. This article is part of the theme issue 'Key relationships between non-invasive functional neuroimaging and the underlying neuronal activity'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusha Mishra
- Department of Neurology, Jungers Center for Neurosciences Research, and Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Catherine N Hall
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9RH, UK
| | - Clare Howarth
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 2LT, UK
| | - Ralph D Freeman
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9RH, UK
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33
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Task-related activity in human visual cortex. PLoS Biol 2020; 18:e3000921. [PMID: 33156829 PMCID: PMC7673548 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The brain exhibits widespread endogenous responses in the absence of visual stimuli, even at the earliest stages of visual cortical processing. Such responses have been studied in monkeys using optical imaging with a limited field of view over visual cortex. Here, we used functional MRI (fMRI) in human participants to study the link between arousal and endogenous responses in visual cortex. The response that we observed was tightly entrained to task timing, was spatially extensive, and was independent of visual stimulation. We found that this response follows dynamics similar to that of pupil size and heart rate, suggesting that task-related activity is related to arousal. Finally, we found that higher reward increased response amplitude while decreasing its trial-to-trial variability (i.e., the noise). Computational simulations suggest that increased temporal precision underlies both of these observations. Our findings are consistent with optical imaging studies in monkeys and support the notion that arousal increases precision of neural activity. The brain exhibits widespread endogenous responses in the absence of visual stimuli, even at the earliest stages of visual cortical processing. This fMRI study characterizes a widespread hemodynamic response in early visual cortex that is not related to visual input but instead reflects a participant’s engagement in a task, is modulated by expected monetary reward, and may reflect neural quenching.
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