Lactic acid bacterial exopolysaccharides strongly bind histamine and can potentially be used to remove histamine contamination in food

Biosorption of cypermethrin from aqueous solutions by Pediococcus acidilactici: kinetics, isotherms, and mechanisms

BACKGROUND

Pediococcus acidilactici is an effective adsorbent for removing of pyrethroid insecticides. This study investigated the biosorption characteristics and mechanisms of P. acidilactici D15 using adsorption measurement, scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Isotherm and kinetic models were used to analyze the biosorption process.

RESULTS

The Langmuir isotherm model best described the cypermethrin biosorption process, with the maximum adsorption capacity of P. acidilactici D15 being 21.404 mg/g. The biosorption appeared to involve monolayer coverage with uniform forces. The pseudo-second-order model also fits well. The rate-controlling steps involved intraparticle diffusion, film diffusion and chemosorption. The main cellular components involved in cypermethrin biosorption were exopolysaccharides, spheroplast, and cell wall, especially peptidoglycan. The functional groups (-OH, -NH, -CH3, -CH2, -CH, -CONH-, -CO, and -C-O-C-) from proteins, polysaccharides, and peptidoglycan on the cell surface likely played a role in binding cypermethrin. Additionally, P. acidilactici D15 effectively reduced cypermethrin in pickle wastewater.

CONCLUSION

These findings suggest that P. acidilactici D15 could be a potential agent for reducing pesticide residues, laying the groundwork for treating pickle wastewater containing such pesticide residues. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.

The Role of Postbiotics in Asthma Treatment

In recent years, there has been abundant research concerning human microbiome and its impact on the host's health. Studies have shown that not only the commensal bacteria itself, but also postbiotics, understood as inanimate microorganisms, possibly with the presence of their components, may themselves have an effect on various elements of human physiology. In this review, we take a closer look at the specific ways in which postbiotics can alter immune response in allergic asthma, which is one of the most prevalent allergic diseases in today's world and a serious subject of concern. Through altering patients' immune response, not only to allergens but also to pathogens, postbiotics could have a significant role in lowering the number of asthma exacerbations. We suggest that more profound research should be undertaken in order to launch postbiotics into clinical standards of asthma treatment, given the greatly promising findings in terms of their immunomodulating potential.

Evaluation of Neuro-Hormonal Dynamics after the Administration of Probiotic Microbial Strains in a Murine Model of Hyperthyroidism

The microbiota-gut-brain axis has received increasing attention in recent years through its bidirectional communication system, governed by the ability of gut microorganisms to generate and regulate a wide range of neurotransmitters in the host body. In this research, we delve into the intricate area of microbial endocrinology by exploring the dynamic oscillations in neurotransmitter levels within plasma and brain samples. Our experimental model involved inducing hyperthyroidism in mice after a "probiotic load" timeframe using two strains of probiotics (Lactobacillus acidophilus, Saccharomyces boulardii, and their combination). These probiotic interventions continued throughout the experiment and were intended to uncover potential modulatory effects on neurotransmitter levels and discern if certain probiotic strains exhibit any protection from hyperthyroidism. Moreover, we aimed to outline the eventual connections between the gut microbiota and the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis. As our study reveals, there are significant fluctuations in crucial neurotransmitters within the hyperthyroidism model, related to the specific probiotic strain or combination. These findings could support future therapeutic approaches, help healthcare professionals choose between different probiotic therapies, and also allow us proceed with caution when administering such treatments, depending on the health status of hyperthyroid patients.

Biosorption of Histamine by Lactic Acid Bacteria for Detoxification

Histamine accumulates in fish and fish products such as tuna, mackerel, skipjack, and bonito by work microorganisms. And it causes allergy reactions like IgE-mediated ones. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are known as one of the probiotic bacteria that indicate various health functionalities for humans. And some previous studies report that LAB can adsorb and excrete various toxic molecules. Here, this chapter introduces the methods to quantify the histamine-binding ability of LAB.

Cypermethrin adsorption by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and its behavior in a simulated fecal fermentation model

The presence of cypermethrin in the environment and food poses a significant threat to human health. Lactic acid bacteria have shown promise as effective absorbents for xenobiotics and well behaved in wide range of applications. This study aimed to characterize the biosorption behavior of cypermethrin by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum RS60, focusing on cellular components, functional groups, kinetics, and isotherms. Results indicated that RS60 exopolysaccharides played a crucial role removing cypermethrin, with the cell wall and protoplast contributing 71.50% and 30.29% to the overall removal, respectively. Notably, peptidoglycans exhibited a high affinity for cypermethrin binding. The presence of various cellular surface groups including -OH, -NH, -CH3, -CH2, -CH, -P = O, and -CO was responsible for the efficient removal of pollutants. Additionally, the biosorption process demonstrated a good fit with pseudo-second-order and Langmuir-Freundlich isotherm. The biosorption of cypermethrin by L. plantarum RS60 involved complex chemical and physical interactions, as well as intraparticle diffusion and film diffusion. RS60 also effectively reduced cypermethrin residues in a fecal fermentation model, highlighting its potential in mitigating cypermethrin exposure in humans and animals. These findings provided valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying cypermethrin biosorption by lactic acid bacteria and supported the advancement of their application in environmental and health-related contexts. KEY POINTS: • Cypermethrin adsorption by L. plantarum was clarified. • Cell wall and protoplast showed cypermethrin binding ability. • L. plantarum can reduce cypermethrin in a fecal fermentation model.

Heritable vaginal bacteria influence immune tolerance and relate to early-life markers of allergic sensitization in infancy

Maternal asthma status, prenatal exposures, and infant gut microbiota perturbation are associated with heightened risk of atopy and asthma risk in childhood, observations hypothetically linked by intergenerational microbial transmission. Using maternal vaginal (n = 184) and paired infant stool (n = 172) samples, we identify four compositionally and functionally distinct Lactobacillus-dominated vaginal microbiota clusters (VCs) that relate to prenatal maternal health and exposures and infant serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) status at 1 year. Variance in bacteria shared between mother and infant pairs relate to VCs, maternal allergy/asthma status, and infant IgE levels. Heritable bacterial gene pathways associated with infant IgE include fatty acid synthesis and histamine and tryptophan degradation. In vitro, vertically transmitted Lactobacillus jensenii strains induce immunosuppressive phenotypes on human antigen-presenting cells. Murine supplementation with L. jensenii reduces lung eosinophils, neutrophilic expansion, and the proportion of interleukin-4 (IL-4)⁺ CD4⁺ T cells. Thus, bacterial and atopy heritability are intimately linked, suggesting a microbial component of intergenerational disease transmission.