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Lozac'h M, Bürkle M, McDonald C, Miyadera T, Koganezawa T, Mariotti D, Švrček V. Stability of silicon-tin alloyed nanocrystals with high tin concentration synthesized by femtosecond laser plasma in liquid media. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7958. [PMID: 37198177 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33808-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanocrystals have a great potential for future materials with tunable bandgap, due to their optical properties that are related with the material used, their sizes and their surface termination. Here, we concentrate on the silicon-tin alloy for photovoltaic applications due to their bandgap, lower than bulk Si, and also the possibility to activate direct band to band transition for high tin concentration. We synthesized silicon-tin alloy nanocrystals (SiSn-NCs) with diameter of about 2-3 nm by confined plasma technique employing a femtosecond laser irradiation on amorphous silicon-tin substrate submerged in liquid media. The tin concentration is estimated to be [Formula: see text], being the highest Sn concentration for SiSn-NCs reported so far. Our SiSn-NCs have a well-defined zinc-blend structure and, contrary to pure tin NCs, also an excellent thermal stability comparable to highly stable silicon NCs. We demonstrate by means of high resolution synchrotron XRD analysis (SPring 8) that the SiSn-NCs remain stable from room temperature up to [Formula: see text] with a relatively small expansion of the crystal lattice. The high thermal stability observed experimentally is rationalized by means of first-principle calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mickaël Lozac'h
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 2, Umezono 1-1-1, Tsukuba, 305-8568, Japan.
| | - Marius Bürkle
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 2, Umezono 1-1-1, Tsukuba, 305-8568, Japan
| | - Calum McDonald
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 2, Umezono 1-1-1, Tsukuba, 305-8568, Japan
| | - Tetsuhiko Miyadera
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 2, Umezono 1-1-1, Tsukuba, 305-8568, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Koganezawa
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI), 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo, 679-5198, Japan
| | - Davide Mariotti
- Nanotechnology and Integrated Bio-Engineering Centre (NIBEC), University of Ulster, Belfast, UK
| | - Vladimir Švrček
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 2, Umezono 1-1-1, Tsukuba, 305-8568, Japan.
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Ondry JC, Alivisatos AP. Application of Dislocation Theory to Minimize Defects in Artificial Solids Built with Nanocrystal Building Blocks. Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:1419-1429. [PMID: 33576596 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
ConspectusOriented atomic attachment of colloidal inorganic nanocrystals represents a powerful synthetic method for preparing complex inorganic superstructures. Examples include fusion of nanocrystals into dimer and superlattice structures. If the attachment were perfect throughout, then the resulting materials would have single crystal-like alignment of the individual nanocrystals' atomic lattices. While individual colloidal nanocrystals typically are free of many defects, there are a multitude of pathways that can generate defects upon nanocrystal attachment. These attachment generated defects are typically undesirable, and thus developing strategies to favor defect-free attachment or heal defective interfaces are essential. There may also be some cases where attachment-derived defects are desirable. In this Account, we summarize our current understanding of how these defects arise, in order to offer guidance to those who are designing nanocrystal derived solids.The small size of inorganic nanocrystals means short diffusion lengths to the surface, which favor the formation of nanocrystal building blocks with pristine atomic structures. Upon attachment, however, there are numerous pathways that can lead to atomic scale defects, and bulk crystal dislocation theory provides an invaluable guide to understanding these phenomena. As an example, an atomic step edge can be incorporated into the interface leading to an extra half-plane of atoms, known as an edge dislocation. These dislocations can be well described by the Burgers vector description of dislocations, which geometrically identifies planes in which a dislocation can move. Our in situ measurements have verified that bulk dislocation theory predictions for 1D defects hold true at few-nanometer length scales in PbTe and CdSe nanocrystal interfaces. Ultimately, the applicability of dislocation theory to nanocrystal attachment enables the predictive design of attachment to prevent or facilitate healing of defects upon nanocrystal attachment. We applied similar logic to understand formation of planar (2D) defects such as stacking faults upon nanocrystal attachment. Again concepts from bulk crystal defect crystallography can identify attachment pathways that can prevent or deterministically form planar defects upon nanocrystal attachment. The concepts we discuss work well for identifying favorable attachment geometries for nanocrystal pairs; however it is currently unclear how to translate these ideas to near-simultaneous multiparticle attachment. Geometric frustration, which prevents nanocrystal rotation, and yet-to-be considered defect generation pathways unique to multiparticle attachment complicate defect-free superlattice attachment. New imaging methods now allow for the direct observation of local attachment trajectories and may enable improved understanding of such multiparticle phenomena. With further refinement, a unified framework for understanding and ultimately eliminating structural defects in fused nanocrystal superstructures may well be achievable in coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin C. Ondry
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Kavli Energy NanoScience Institute, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - A. Paul Alivisatos
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Kavli Energy NanoScience Institute, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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Lu CH, Biesold-McGee GV, Liu Y, Kang Z, Lin Z. Doping and ion substitution in colloidal metal halide perovskite nanocrystals. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:4953-5007. [PMID: 32538382 DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00790c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The past decade has witnessed tremendous advances in synthesis of metal halide perovskites and their use for a rich variety of optoelectronics applications. Metal halide perovskite has the general formula ABX3, where A is a monovalent cation (which can be either organic (e.g., CH3NH3+ (MA), CH(NH2)2+ (FA)) or inorganic (e.g., Cs+)), B is a divalent metal cation (usually Pb2+), and X is a halogen anion (Cl-, Br-, I-). Particularly, the photoluminescence (PL) properties of metal halide perovskites have garnered much attention due to the recent rapid development of perovskite nanocrystals. The introduction of capping ligands enables the synthesis of colloidal perovskite nanocrystals which offer new insight into dimension-dependent physical properties compared to their bulk counterparts. It is notable that doping and ion substitution represent effective strategies for tailoring the optoelectronic properties (e.g., absorption band gap, PL emission, and quantum yield (QY)) and stabilities of perovskite nanocrystals. The doping and ion substitution processes can be performed during or after the synthesis of colloidal nanocrystals by incorporating new A', B', or X' site ions into the A, B, or X sites of ABX3 perovskites. Interestingly, both isovalent and heterovalent doping and ion substitution can be conducted on colloidal perovskite nanocrystals. In this review, the general background of perovskite nanocrystals synthesis is first introduced. The effects of A-site, B-site, and X-site ionic doping and substitution on the optoelectronic properties and stabilities of colloidal metal halide perovskite nanocrystals are then detailed. Finally, possible applications and future research directions of doped and ion-substituted colloidal perovskite nanocrystals are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Hsin Lu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
| | - Gill V Biesold-McGee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
| | - Yijiang Liu
- College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan Province 411105, P. R. China.
| | - Zhitao Kang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA. and Georgia Tech Research Institute, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Zhiqun Lin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
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4
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Ondry JC, Hauwiller MR, Alivisatos AP. Dynamics and Removal Pathway of Edge Dislocations in Imperfectly Attached PbTe Nanocrystal Pairs: Toward Design Rules for Oriented Attachment. ACS NANO 2018; 12:3178-3189. [PMID: 29470056 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b00638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Using in situ high-resolution TEM, we study the structure and dynamics of well-defined edge dislocations in imperfectly attached PbTe nanocrystals. We identify that attachment of PbTe nanocrystals on both {100} and {110} facets gives rise to b = a/2⟨110⟩ edge dislocations. Based on the Burgers vector of individual dislocations, we can identify the glide plane of the dislocations. We observe that defects in particles attached on {100} facets have glide planes that quickly intersect the surface, and HRTEM movies show that the defects follow the glide plane to the surface. For {110} attached particles, the glide plane is collinear with the attachment direction, which does not provide an easy path for the dislocation to reach the surface. Indeed, HRTEM movies of dislocations for {110} attached particles show that defect removal is much slower. Further, we observe conversion from pure edge dislocations in imperfectly attached particles to dislocations with mixed edge and screw character, which has important implications for crystal growth. Finally, we observe that dislocations initially closer to the surface have a higher speed of removal, consistent with the strong dislocation free surface attractive force. Our results provide important design rules for defect-free attachment of preformed nanocrystals into epitaxial assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin C Ondry
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
- Materials Sciences Division , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Matthew R Hauwiller
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
- Materials Sciences Division , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - A Paul Alivisatos
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
- Materials Sciences Division , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
- Kavli Energy NanoScience Institute , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
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Wang Q, Su Z, Lv M, Li J, Sun B, Zhang G. Chemical transformation of Te into new ternary phase PbmCunTem+n nanorods and their surface atom diffusion and optical properties. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra07779j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The new phase of ternary PbmCunTem+n was first synthesized using sacrificial template Te. The diffusion of surface atoms was observed upon electron-beam irradiation and their optical band gaps show bigger values than that of PbTe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin
- China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
| | - Ziming Su
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin
- China
| | - Mingda Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin
- China
| | - Jianhuan Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin
- China
| | - Baoyu Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin
- China
| | - Guangjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin
- China
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Affiliation(s)
- Swamy Pittala
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 122 Lederle GRC, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Kevin R. Kittilstved
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 122 Lederle GRC, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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7
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Su Z, Wang Q, Li J, Zhang G. Self-sacrifice Te template synthesis of new phase PbmSb2nTem+3n nanorods via Pb2+/Sb3+ synergistic effect. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra22381d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
New phase PbmSb2nTem+3n nanorods were synthesized using Te self-sacrifice template via Pb2+/Sb3+ synergistic effect topotactic transformation, which showed bigger band gap values due to the quantum confinement effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziming Su
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin
- China
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Qun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin
- China
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Jianhuan Li
- Department of Chemistry
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin
- China
| | - Guangjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin
- China
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8
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Voznyy O, Sargent EH. Atomistic model of fluorescence intermittency of colloidal quantum dots. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 112:157401. [PMID: 24785069 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.157401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Optoelectronic applications of colloidal quantum dots demand a high emission efficiency, stability in time, and narrow spectral bandwidth. Electronic trap states interfere with the above properties but understanding of their origin remains lacking, inhibiting the development of robust passivation techniques. Here we show that surface vacancies improve the fluorescence yield compared to vacancy-free surfaces, while dynamic vacancy aggregation can temporarily turn fluorescence off. We find that infilling with foreign cations can stabilize the vacancies, inhibiting intermittency and improving quantum yield, providing an explanation of recent experimental observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Voznyy
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - E H Sargent
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
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Fang H, Luo Z, Yang H, Wu Y. The effects of the size and the doping concentration on the power factor of n-type lead telluride nanocrystals for thermoelectric energy conversion. NANO LETTERS 2014; 14:1153-1157. [PMID: 24527850 DOI: 10.1021/nl403677k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
For the first time, we demonstrate a successful synthesis of colloidal n-type lead telluride nanocrystals doped with iodine. By tuning the reaction time and iodine concentration in the precursor solution, nanocrystals with different sizes and doping concentrations are synthesized. The Seebeck coefficient and electrical conductivity of the nanocrystals are measured on nanocrystal thin films fabricated by dip-coating glass substrates in the nanocrystals solution. Investigations on the influence of size and doping concentration on the electrical properties have been performed. The results show that the size of the nanocrystals significantly influences the electrical conductivity but not the Seebeck coefficient of nanocrystal films, while higher doping concentration leads to lower Seebeck coefficient but higher electrical conductivity in the nanocrystal films. Proof-of-concept thin-film thermoelectric modules are also fabricated using both p-type and n-type PbTe nanocrystals for the conversion of thermal energy into electrical energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyu Fang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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Vela J. Molecular Chemistry to the Fore: New Insights into the Fascinating World of Photoactive Colloidal Semiconductor Nanocrystals. J Phys Chem Lett 2013; 4:653-668. [PMID: 26281882 DOI: 10.1021/jz302100r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals possess unique properties that are unmatched by other chromophores such as organic dyes or transition-metal complexes. These versatile building blocks have generated much scientific interest and found applications in bioimaging, tracking, lighting, lasing, photovoltaics, photocatalysis, thermoelectrics, and spintronics. Despite these advances, important challenges remain, notably how to produce semiconductor nanostructures with predetermined architecture, how to produce metastable semiconductor nanostructures that are hard to isolate by conventional syntheses, and how to control the degree of surface loading or valence per nanocrystal. Molecular chemists are very familiar with these issues and can use their expertise to help solve these challenges. In this Perspective, we present our group's recent work on bottom-up molecular control of nanoscale composition and morphology, low-temperature photochemical routes to semiconductor heterostructures and metastable phases, solar-to-chemical energy conversion with semiconductor-based photocatalysts, and controlled surface modification of colloidal semiconductors that bypasses ligand exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Vela
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, and Ames Laboratory, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
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Freitas Neto ES, Dantas NO, Lourenço SA, Teodoro MD, Marques GE. Magneto-optical properties of Cd1−xMnxS nanoparticles: influences of magnetic doping, Mn2+ ions localization, and quantum confinement. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:3248-55. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp23492k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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12
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Yang Y, Chen O, Angerhofer A, Cao YC. On Doping CdS/ZnS Core/Shell Nanocrystals with Mn. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:15649-61. [DOI: 10.1021/ja805736k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongan Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611
| | - Ou Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611
| | | | - Y. Charles Cao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611
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