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Calatrava V, Hom EF, Guan Q, Llamas A, Fernández E, Galván A. Genetic evidence for algal auxin production in Chlamydomonas and its role in algal-bacterial mutualism. iScience 2024; 27:108762. [PMID: 38269098 PMCID: PMC10805672 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Interactions between algae and bacteria are ubiquitous and play fundamental roles in nutrient cycling and biomass production. Recent studies have shown that the plant auxin indole acetic acid (IAA) can mediate chemical crosstalk between algae and bacteria, resembling its role in plant-bacterial associations. Here, we report a mechanism for algal extracellular IAA production from L-tryptophan mediated by the enzyme L-amino acid oxidase (LAO1) in the model Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. High levels of IAA inhibit algal cell multiplication and chlorophyll degradation, and these inhibitory effects can be relieved by the presence of the plant-growth-promoting bacterium (PGPB) Methylobacterium aquaticum, whose growth is mutualistically enhanced by the presence of the alga. These findings reveal a complex interplay of microbial auxin production and degradation by algal-bacterial consortia and draws attention to potential ecophysiological roles of terrestrial microalgae and PGPB in association with land plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Calatrava
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular. Campus de Rabanales y Campus Internacional de Excelencia Agroalimentario (CeiA3), Edificio Severo Ochoa, Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Erik F.Y. Hom
- Department of Biology and Center for Biodiversity and Conservation Research, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677-1848, USA
| | - Qijie Guan
- Department of Biology and Center for Biodiversity and Conservation Research, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677-1848, USA
| | - Angel Llamas
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular. Campus de Rabanales y Campus Internacional de Excelencia Agroalimentario (CeiA3), Edificio Severo Ochoa, Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Emilio Fernández
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular. Campus de Rabanales y Campus Internacional de Excelencia Agroalimentario (CeiA3), Edificio Severo Ochoa, Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Aurora Galván
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular. Campus de Rabanales y Campus Internacional de Excelencia Agroalimentario (CeiA3), Edificio Severo Ochoa, Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
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Pessoa JDS, de Oliveira CFM, Mena-Chalco JP, de Carvalho JCM, Ferreira-Camargo LS. Trends on Chlamydomonas reinhardtii growth regimes and bioproducts. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2023; 70:1830-1842. [PMID: 37337370 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
The green microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a model microorganism for several areas of study. Among the different microalgae species, it presents advantageous characteristics, such as genomes completely sequenced and well-established techniques for genetic transformation. Despite that, C. reinhardtii production is still not easily commercially viable, especially due to the low biomass yield. So far there are no reports of scientometric study focusing only on C. reinhardtii biomass production process. Considering the need for culture optimization, a scientometric research was conducted to analyze the papers that investigated the growth regimes effects in C. reinhardtii cultivation. The search resulted in 130 papers indexed on Web of Science and Scopus platforms from 1969 to December 2022. The quantitative analysis indicated that the photoautotrophic regime was the most employed in the papers. However, when comparing the three growth regimes, the mixotrophic one led to the highest production of biomass, lipids, and heterologous protein. The production of bioproducts was considered the main objective of most of the papers and, among them, biomass was the most frequently investigated. The highest biomass production reported among the papers was 40 g L-1 in the heterotrophic growth of a transgenic strain. Other culture conditions were also crucial for C. reinhardtii growth, for instance, temperature and cultivation process.
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Calatrava V, Tejada-Jimenez M, Sanz-Luque E, Fernandez E, Galvan A, Llamas A. Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, a Reference Organism to Study Algal-Microbial Interactions: Why Can't They Be Friends? PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12040788. [PMID: 36840135 PMCID: PMC9965935 DOI: 10.3390/plants12040788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The stability and harmony of ecological niches rely on intricate interactions between their members. During evolution, organisms have developed the ability to thrive in different environments, taking advantage of each other. Among these organisms, microalgae are a highly diverse and widely distributed group of major primary producers whose interactions with other organisms play essential roles in their habitats. Understanding the basis of these interactions is crucial to control and exploit these communities for ecological and biotechnological applications. The green microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, a well-established model, is emerging as a model organism for studying a wide variety of microbial interactions with ecological and economic significance. In this review, we unite and discuss current knowledge that points to C. reinhardtii as a model organism for studying microbial interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Calatrava
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Campus de Rabanales and Campus Internacional de Excelencia Agroalimentario (CeiA3), Edificio Severo Ochoa, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, 260 Panama St., Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Manuel Tejada-Jimenez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Campus de Rabanales and Campus Internacional de Excelencia Agroalimentario (CeiA3), Edificio Severo Ochoa, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Emanuel Sanz-Luque
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Campus de Rabanales and Campus Internacional de Excelencia Agroalimentario (CeiA3), Edificio Severo Ochoa, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Emilio Fernandez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Campus de Rabanales and Campus Internacional de Excelencia Agroalimentario (CeiA3), Edificio Severo Ochoa, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Aurora Galvan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Campus de Rabanales and Campus Internacional de Excelencia Agroalimentario (CeiA3), Edificio Severo Ochoa, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Angel Llamas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Campus de Rabanales and Campus Internacional de Excelencia Agroalimentario (CeiA3), Edificio Severo Ochoa, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-957-218352
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4
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Freudenberg RA, Wittemeier L, Einhaus A, Baier T, Kruse O. Advanced pathway engineering for phototrophic putrescine production. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2022; 20:1968-1982. [PMID: 35748533 PMCID: PMC9491463 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The polyamine putrescine (1,4-diaminobutane) contributes to cellular fitness in most organisms, where it is derived from the amino acids ornithine or arginine. In the chemical industry, putrescine serves as a versatile building block for polyamide synthesis. The green microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii accumulates relatively high putrescine amounts, which, together with recent advances in genetic engineering, enables the generation of a powerful green cell factory to promote sustainable biotechnology for base chemical production. Here, we report a systematic investigation of the native putrescine metabolism in C. reinhardtii, leading to the first CO2 -based bio-production of putrescine, by employing modern synthetic biology and metabolic engineering strategies. A CRISPR/Cas9-based knockout of key enzymes of the polyamine biosynthesis pathway identified ornithine decarboxylase 1 (ODC1) as a gatekeeper for putrescine accumulation and demonstrated that the arginine decarboxylase (ADC) route is likely inactive and that amine oxidase 2 (AMX2) is mainly responsible for putrescine degradation in C. reinhardtii. A 4.5-fold increase in cellular putrescine levels was achieved by engineered overexpression of potent candidate ornithine decarboxylases (ODCs). We identified unexpected substrate promiscuity in two bacterial ODCs, which exhibited co-production of cadaverine and 4-aminobutanol. Final pathway engineering included overexpression of recombinant arginases for improved substrate availability as well as functional knockout of putrescine degradation, which resulted in a 10-fold increase in cellular putrescine titres and yielded 200 mg/L in phototrophic high cell density cultivations after 10 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A. Freudenberg
- Faculty of Biology, Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec)Bielefeld UniversityBielefeldGermany
| | - Luisa Wittemeier
- Faculty of Biology, Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec)Bielefeld UniversityBielefeldGermany
| | - Alexander Einhaus
- Faculty of Biology, Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec)Bielefeld UniversityBielefeldGermany
| | - Thomas Baier
- Faculty of Biology, Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec)Bielefeld UniversityBielefeldGermany
| | - Olaf Kruse
- Faculty of Biology, Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec)Bielefeld UniversityBielefeldGermany
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5
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Cai Y, Chen H, Tang X, Zhao J, Zhang H, Chen YQ, Chen W. The relationship between amino acid and lipid metabolism in oleaginous eukaryotic microorganism. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:3405-3417. [PMID: 35503470 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-11931-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Amino acids are the building blocks of protein, promoting the balance between growth and lipid synthesis. However, the accumulation of microbial lipids involves multiple pathways, which requires the analysis of the global cellular metabolic network in which amino acid metabolism is involved. This review illustrates the dependence patterns of intracellular amino acids and lipids of oleaginous eukaryotic microorganisms in different environments and points out the contribution of amino acid metabolic precursors to the de novo synthesis of fatty acids. We emphasized the key role of amino acid metabolism in lipid remodeling and autophagy behavior and highlighted the regulatory effects of amino acids and their secondary metabolites as signal factors for microbial lipid synthesis. The application prospects of omics technology and genetic engineering technology in the field of microbial lipids are described. KEY POINTS: • Overview of microbial lipid synthesis mediated by amino acid metabolism • Insight into metabolic mechanisms founding multiple regulatory networks is provided • Description of microbial lipid homeostasis mediated by amino acid excitation signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibo Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiqin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China. .,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China. .,National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.,National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.,Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center and Jiangsu Translational Medicine Research Institute Wuxi Branch, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Q Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.,National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.,Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 5: , 27127, USA
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.,National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
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6
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Jia M, Munz J, Lee J, Shelley N, Xiong Y, Joo S, Jin E, Lee JH. The bHLH family NITROGEN-REPLETION INSENSITIVE1 represses nitrogen starvation-induced responses in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 110:337-357. [PMID: 35043510 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Moyan Jia
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Jacob Munz
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Jenny Lee
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Nolan Shelley
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Yuan Xiong
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Sunjoo Joo
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - EonSeon Jin
- Department of Life Sciences, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 133-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hyeok Lee
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada
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7
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Tuttle JT, Williams JR, Higgs DC. Characterization of a Chlamydomonas reinhardtii mutant strain with tolerance to low nitrogen and increased growth and biomass under nitrogen stress. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.102000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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8
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Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, an Algal Model in the Nitrogen Cycle. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9070903. [PMID: 32708782 PMCID: PMC7412212 DOI: 10.3390/plants9070903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is an essential constituent of all living organisms and the main limiting macronutrient. Even when dinitrogen gas is the most abundant form of N, it can only be used by fixing bacteria but is inaccessible to most organisms, algae among them. Algae preferentially use ammonium (NH4+) and nitrate (NO3−) for growth, and the reactions for their conversion into amino acids (N assimilation) constitute an important part of the nitrogen cycle by primary producers. Recently, it was claimed that algae are also involved in denitrification, because of the production of nitric oxide (NO), a signal molecule, which is also a substrate of NO reductases to produce nitrous oxide (N2O), a potent greenhouse gas. This review is focused on the microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii as an algal model and its participation in different reactions of the N cycle. Emphasis will be paid to new actors, such as putative genes involved in NO and N2O production and their occurrence in other algae genomes. Furthermore, algae/bacteria mutualism will be considered in terms of expanding the N cycle to ammonification and N fixation, which are based on the exchange of carbon and nitrogen between the two organisms.
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9
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Munz J, Xiong Y, Kim JYH, Sung YJ, Seo S, Hong RH, Kariyawasam T, Shelley N, Lee J, Sim SJ, Jin E, Lee JH. Arginine-fed cultures generates triacylglycerol by triggering nitrogen starvation responses during robust growth in Chlamydomonas. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2019.101782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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10
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Calatrava V, Hom EFY, Llamas Á, Fernández E, Galván A. OK, thanks! A new mutualism between Chlamydomonas and methylobacteria facilitates growth on amino acids and peptides. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2019; 365:4828328. [PMID: 29385570 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fny021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen is a key nutrient for land plants and phytoplankton in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. The model alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii can grow efficiently on several inorganic nitrogen sources (e.g. ammonium, nitrate, nitrite) as well as many amino acids. In this study, we show that Chlamydomonas is unable to use proline, hydroxyproline and peptides that contain these amino acids. However, we discovered that algal growth on these substrates is supported in association with Methylobacterium spp., and that a mutualistic carbon-nitrogen metabolic exchange between Chlamydomonas and Methylobacterium spp. is established. Specifically, the mineralization of these amino acids and peptides by Methylobacterium spp. produces ammonium that can be assimilated by Chlamydomonas, and CO2 photosynthetically fixed by Chlamydomonas yields glycerol that can be assimilated by Methylobacterium. As Chlamydomonas is an algal ancestor to land plants and Methylobacterium is a plant growth-promoting bacterium, this new model of mutualism may facilitate insights into the ecology and evolution of plant-bacterial interactions and design principles of synthetic ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Calatrava
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Campus de Rabanales y Campus Internacional de Excelencia Agroalimentario (CeiA3), Edif. Severo Ochoa, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, 14071-Córdoba, Spain
| | - Erik F Y Hom
- Department of Biology, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Ángel Llamas
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Campus de Rabanales y Campus Internacional de Excelencia Agroalimentario (CeiA3), Edif. Severo Ochoa, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, 14071-Córdoba, Spain
| | - Emilio Fernández
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Campus de Rabanales y Campus Internacional de Excelencia Agroalimentario (CeiA3), Edif. Severo Ochoa, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, 14071-Córdoba, Spain
| | - Aurora Galván
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Campus de Rabanales y Campus Internacional de Excelencia Agroalimentario (CeiA3), Edif. Severo Ochoa, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, 14071-Córdoba, Spain
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11
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Calatrava V, Hom EF, Llamas Á, Fernández E, Galván A. Nitrogen scavenging from amino acids and peptides in the model alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. The role of extracellular l-amino oxidase. ALGAL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2018.101395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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12
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Batista AD, Rosa RM, Machado M, Magalhães AS, Shalaguti BA, Gomes PF, Covell L, Vaz MGMV, Araújo WL, Nunes-Nesi A. Increased urea availability promotes adjustments in C/N metabolism and lipid content without impacting growth in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Metabolomics 2019; 15:31. [PMID: 30830512 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-019-1496-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The use of urea as a nitrogen (N) source by Chlorophytes usually enhances biomass and lipid production when compared to ammonium (NH4+). However, the metabolic shifts displayed by Chlamydomonas reinhardtii growing with this organic N source are not known. OBJECTIVES This study aimed: (i) to characterize the metabolism of C. reinhardtii cultivated in media containing only urea as N source as well as combined with different NH4+ ratios; (ii) to understand how metabolism respond to urea availability. METHODS Specific quantification of metabolites using 96-well microplates, and high-performance liquid chromatography combined with non-targeted metabolite profiling by gas chromatography (GC)-time-of-flight (TOF)-mass spectrometry (MS) were used in this study. In addition, GC analysis was used to determine fatty acid profiling. RESULTS The use of urea did not alter the growth rate in comparison with NH4+. Interestingly, the cell number decreased and the cell size increased proportionally with urea availability. Furthermore, chlorophyll, protein and lipid contents increased with the amount of urea. Regarding the fatty acid profile, oleic acid (C18:1 w8) decreased with amount of urea, while linoleic acid (C18:2 w6) doubled in urea-containing medium. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that urea promotes remarkable adjustments in metabolism, without drastic changes in biomass, promoting changes in carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism, as well as in lipids production and fatty acid profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline D Batista
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Rinamara M Rosa
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Mariana Machado
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Goiás - Regional Jataí, Jataí, Goiás, 75801-615, Brazil
| | - Alan S Magalhães
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Bárbara A Shalaguti
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Priscilla F Gomes
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Lidiane Covell
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Marcelo G M V Vaz
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Wagner L Araújo
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
- Max-Planck Partner Group at the Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Adriano Nunes-Nesi
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil.
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Yamazaki T, Konosu E, Takeshita T, Hirata A, Ota S, Kazama Y, Abe T, Kawano S. Independent regulation of the lipid and starch synthesis pathways by sulfate metabolites in the green microalga Parachlorella kessleri under sulfur starvation conditions. ALGAL RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2018.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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14
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Shanthi G, Premalatha M, Anantharaman N. Effects of l-amino acids as organic nitrogen source on the growth rate, biochemical composition and polyphenol content of Spirulina platensis. ALGAL RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2018.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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15
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Zuo Z, Yang L, Chen S, Ye C, Han Y, Wang S, Ma Y. Effects of nitrogen nutrients on the volatile organic compound emissions from Microcystis aeruginosa. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 161:214-220. [PMID: 29885617 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.05.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria release abundant volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which can poison other algae and cause water odor. To uncover the effects of nitrogen (N) nutrients on the formation of cyanobacteria VOCs, the cell growth, VOC emission and the expression of genes involving in VOC formation in Microcystis aeruginosa were investigated under different N conditions. With the supplement of NaNO3, NaNO2, NH4Cl, urea, Serine (Ser) and Arginine (Arg) as the sole N source, NaNO3, urea and Arg showed the best effects on M. aeruginosa cell growth, and limited N supply inhibited the cell growth. M. aeruginosa released 26, 25, 23, 27, 23 and 25 compounds, respectively, in response to different N forms, including furans, sulfocompounds, terpenoids, benzenes, hydrocarbons, aldehydes, and esters. Low-N especially Non-N condition markedly promoted the VOC emission. Under Non-N condition, four up-regulated genes involving in VOC precursor formation were identified, including the genes of pyruvate kinase, malic enzyme and phosphotransacetylase for terpenoids, the gene of aspartate aminotransferase for benzenes and sulfocompounds. In eutrophic water, cyanobacteria release different VOC blends using various N forms, and the reduction of N amount caused by cyanobacteria massive growth can promote algal VOC emission by up-regulating the gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojiang Zuo
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China.
| | - Lin Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Silan Chen
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Chaolin Ye
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Yujie Han
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Sutong Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Yuandan Ma
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
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González-Ballester D, Sanz-Luque E, Galván A, Fernández E, de Montaigu A. Arginine is a component of the ammonium-CYG56 signalling cascade that represses genes of the nitrogen assimilation pathway in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196167. [PMID: 29684072 PMCID: PMC5912763 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen assimilation and metabolism are essential processes for all living organisms, yet there is still much to be learnt on how they are regulated. The use of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii as a model system has been instrumental not only in identifying conserved regulation mechanisms that control the nitrogen assimilation pathway, but also in understanding how the intracellular nitrogen status regulates metabolic processes of industrial interest such as the synthesis of biolipids. While the genetic regulators that control the nitrogen pathway are successfully being unravelled, other layers of regulation have received less attention. Amino acids, for example, regulate nitrogen assimilation in certain organisms, but their role in Chlamydomonas has not thoroughly been explored. Previous results had suggested that arginine might repress key genes of the nitrogen assimilation pathway by acting within the ammonium negative signalling cascade, upstream of the nitric oxide (NO) inducible guanylate cyclase CYG56. We tested this hypothesis with a combination of genetic and chemical approaches. Antagonising the effects of arginine with an arginine biosynthesis mutant or with two chemical analogues released gene expression from ammonium mediated repression. The cyg56 and related non1 mutants, which are partially insensitive to ammonium repression, were also partially insensitive to repression by arginine. Finally, we show that the addition of arginine to the medium leads to an increase in intracellular NO. Our data reveal that arginine acts as a negative signal for the assimilation of nitrogen within the ammonium-CYG56 negative signalling cascade, and provide a connection between amino acid metabolism and nitrogen assimilation in microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- David González-Ballester
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Emanuel Sanz-Luque
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Aurora Galván
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Emilio Fernández
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Amaury de Montaigu
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
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Murphree CA, Dums JT, Jain SK, Zhao C, Young DY, Khoshnoodi N, Tikunov A, Macdonald J, Pilot G, Sederoff H. Amino Acids Are an Ineffective Fertilizer for Dunaliella spp. Growth. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:847. [PMID: 28603530 PMCID: PMC5445130 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Autotrophic microalgae are a promising bioproducts platform. However, the fundamental requirements these organisms have for nitrogen fertilizer severely limit the impact and scale of their cultivation. As an alternative to inorganic fertilizers, we investigated the possibility of using amino acids from deconstructed biomass as a nitrogen source in the genus Dunaliella. We found that only four amino acids (glutamine, histidine, cysteine, and tryptophan) rescue Dunaliella spp. growth in nitrogen depleted media, and that supplementation of these amino acids altered the metabolic profile of Dunaliella cells. Our investigations revealed that histidine is transported across the cell membrane, and that glutamine and cysteine are not transported. Rather, glutamine, cysteine, and tryptophan are degraded in solution by a set of oxidative chemical reactions, releasing ammonium that in turn supports growth. Utilization of biomass-derived amino acids is therefore not a suitable option unless additional amino acid nitrogen uptake is enabled through genetic modifications of these algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin A. Murphree
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, RaleighNC, United States
| | - Jacob T. Dums
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, RaleighNC, United States
| | - Siddharth K. Jain
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, RaleighNC, United States
| | - Chengsong Zhao
- Department of Plant Pathology, Physiology, and Weed Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, BlacksburgVA, United States
| | - Danielle Y. Young
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, RaleighNC, United States
| | | | - Andrey Tikunov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel HillNC, United States
| | - Jeffrey Macdonald
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel HillNC, United States
| | - Guillaume Pilot
- Department of Plant Pathology, Physiology, and Weed Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, BlacksburgVA, United States
| | - Heike Sederoff
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, RaleighNC, United States
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Yao C, Pan Y, Lu H, Wu P, Meng Y, Cao X, Xue S. Utilization of recovered nitrogen from hydrothermal carbonization process by Arthrospira platensis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 212:26-34. [PMID: 27070286 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.03.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In the context of sustainable cultivation of microalgae, the present study focused on the use of nitrogen from the hot-water extracted biomass residue of Arthrospira platensis by hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) and the sequential cultivation of the same alga with the HTC aqueous phase (AP). Nearly 90% of the nitrogen recovered from HTC into AP was in the organic form. Under nitrogen-limited condition with HTCAP as nitrogen source the yield and content of carbohydrate were enhanced by 21% and 15% respectively compared with that under the same nitrogen level provided by NaNO3, which entitled HTCAP for the substitution of conventional nitrate. In the same way pilot-scale cultivation of A. platensis in raceway ponds outdoors demonstrated that carbohydrate content of 43.8% DW and productivity of 10.3g/m(2)/d was achieved. Notably 54% of organic nitrogen in the HTCAP could be recycled by cultivation of pre-nitrogen starved A. platensis as seeds under nitrogen limitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhong Yao
- Marine Bioengineering Group, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, PR China
| | - Yanfei Pan
- Marine Bioengineering Group, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, PR China; College of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, PR China
| | - Hongbin Lu
- Marine Bioengineering Group, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, PR China
| | - Peichun Wu
- Marine Bioengineering Group, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, PR China
| | - Yingying Meng
- Marine Bioengineering Group, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, PR China; School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, PR China
| | - Xupeng Cao
- Marine Bioengineering Group, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, PR China
| | - Song Xue
- Marine Bioengineering Group, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, PR China.
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19
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Zhang W, Zhang Z, Yan S. Effects of various amino acids as organic nitrogen sources on the growth and biochemical composition of Chlorella pyrenoidosa. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 197:458-64. [PMID: 26356118 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.08.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of eighteen l-amino acids on the growth and biochemical composition of Chlorella pyrenoidosa. Under the nitrate deficiency condition, ten l-amino acids were found to exert stronger stimulative effects on the algal growth than the other amino acids. After 10-day culture, addition of 0.5gL(-1) the above mentioned ten amino acids significantly increased the cellular protein contents by 441.3-110.8%, respectively, and significantly decreased the carbohydrate contents by 60.7-16.2%, respectively. Under the normal nitrate condition, the cellular biochemical composition was not significantly affected by addition of serine, leucine, proline, aspartic acid, asparagine, and glycine, whereas addition of aspartic acid and arginine increased the algal biomass by 110.2% and 62.8% compared with the control. Finally, the significance of this work in the biotechnological application of culturing C. pyrenoidosa in organic wastewater rich in amino acids was further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiguo Zhang
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjng 210014, China
| | - Zhenhua Zhang
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjng 210014, China
| | - Shaohua Yan
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjng 210014, China.
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20
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Chaiboonchoe A, Dohai BS, Cai H, Nelson DR, Jijakli K, Salehi-Ashtiani K. Microalgal Metabolic Network Model Refinement through High-Throughput Functional Metabolic Profiling. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2014; 2:68. [PMID: 25540776 PMCID: PMC4261833 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2014.00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic modeling provides the means to define metabolic processes at a systems level; however, genome-scale metabolic models often remain incomplete in their description of metabolic networks and may include reactions that are experimentally unverified. This shortcoming is exacerbated in reconstructed models of newly isolated algal species, as there may be little to no biochemical evidence available for the metabolism of such isolates. The phenotype microarray (PM) technology (Biolog, Hayward, CA, USA) provides an efficient, high-throughput method to functionally define cellular metabolic activities in response to a large array of entry metabolites. The platform can experimentally verify many of the unverified reactions in a network model as well as identify missing or new reactions in the reconstructed metabolic model. The PM technology has been used for metabolic phenotyping of non-photosynthetic bacteria and fungi, but it has not been reported for the phenotyping of microalgae. Here, we introduce the use of PM assays in a systematic way to the study of microalgae, applying it specifically to the green microalgal model species Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. The results obtained in this study validate a number of existing annotated metabolic reactions and identify a number of novel and unexpected metabolites. The obtained information was used to expand and refine the existing COBRA-based C. reinhardtii metabolic network model iRC1080. Over 254 reactions were added to the network, and the effects of these additions on flux distribution within the network are described. The novel reactions include the support of metabolism by a number of d-amino acids, l-dipeptides, and l-tripeptides as nitrogen sources, as well as support of cellular respiration by cysteamine-S-phosphate as a phosphorus source. The protocol developed here can be used as a foundation to functionally profile other microalgae such as known microalgae mutants and novel isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amphun Chaiboonchoe
- Division of Science and Math, New York University Abu Dhabi , Abu Dhabi , UAE ; Center for Genomics and Systems Biology (CGSB), New York University Abu Dhabi Institute , Abu Dhabi , UAE
| | - Bushra Saeed Dohai
- Division of Science and Math, New York University Abu Dhabi , Abu Dhabi , UAE ; Center for Genomics and Systems Biology (CGSB), New York University Abu Dhabi Institute , Abu Dhabi , UAE
| | - Hong Cai
- Division of Science and Math, New York University Abu Dhabi , Abu Dhabi , UAE ; Center for Genomics and Systems Biology (CGSB), New York University Abu Dhabi Institute , Abu Dhabi , UAE
| | - David R Nelson
- Division of Science and Math, New York University Abu Dhabi , Abu Dhabi , UAE ; Center for Genomics and Systems Biology (CGSB), New York University Abu Dhabi Institute , Abu Dhabi , UAE
| | - Kenan Jijakli
- Division of Science and Math, New York University Abu Dhabi , Abu Dhabi , UAE ; Center for Genomics and Systems Biology (CGSB), New York University Abu Dhabi Institute , Abu Dhabi , UAE ; Engineering Division, Biofinery , Manhattan, KS , USA
| | - Kourosh Salehi-Ashtiani
- Division of Science and Math, New York University Abu Dhabi , Abu Dhabi , UAE ; Center for Genomics and Systems Biology (CGSB), New York University Abu Dhabi Institute , Abu Dhabi , UAE
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21
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Schmollinger S, Mühlhaus T, Boyle NR, Blaby IK, Casero D, Mettler T, Moseley JL, Kropat J, Sommer F, Strenkert D, Hemme D, Pellegrini M, Grossman AR, Stitt M, Schroda M, Merchant SS. Nitrogen-Sparing Mechanisms in Chlamydomonas Affect the Transcriptome, the Proteome, and Photosynthetic Metabolism. THE PLANT CELL 2014; 26:1410-1435. [PMID: 24748044 PMCID: PMC4036562 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.113.122523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Revised: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/29/2014] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is a key nutrient that limits global primary productivity; hence, N-use efficiency is of compelling interest in agriculture and aquaculture. We used Chlamydomonas reinhardtii as a reference organism for a multicomponent analysis of the N starvation response. In the presence of acetate, respiratory metabolism is prioritized over photosynthesis; consequently, the N-sparing response targets proteins, pigments, and RNAs involved in photosynthesis and chloroplast function over those involved in respiration. Transcripts and proteins of the Calvin-Benson cycle are reduced in N-deficient cells, resulting in the accumulation of cycle metabolic intermediates. Both cytosolic and chloroplast ribosomes are reduced, but via different mechanisms, reflected by rapid changes in abundance of RNAs encoding chloroplast ribosomal proteins but not cytosolic ones. RNAs encoding transporters and enzymes for metabolizing alternative N sources increase in abundance, as is appropriate for the soil environmental niche of C. reinhardtii. Comparison of the N-replete versus N-deplete proteome indicated that abundant proteins with a high N content are reduced in N-starved cells, while the proteins that are increased have lower than average N contents. This sparing mechanism contributes to a lower cellular N/C ratio and suggests an approach for engineering increased N-use efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Schmollinger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Timo Mühlhaus
- Molecular Biotechnology and Systems Biology, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Nanette R Boyle
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Ian K Blaby
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - David Casero
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Tabea Mettler
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Jeffrey L Moseley
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Janette Kropat
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Frederik Sommer
- Molecular Biotechnology and Systems Biology, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Daniela Strenkert
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Dorothea Hemme
- Molecular Biotechnology and Systems Biology, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Matteo Pellegrini
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095 Institute of Genomics and Proteomics, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Arthur R Grossman
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Mark Stitt
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Michael Schroda
- Molecular Biotechnology and Systems Biology, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Sabeeha S Merchant
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095 Institute of Genomics and Proteomics, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
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22
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Chlamydomonas reinhardtii thermal tolerance enhancement mediated by a mutualistic interaction with vitamin B12-producing bacteria. ISME JOURNAL 2013; 7:1544-55. [PMID: 23486253 DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2013.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Revised: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Temperature is one of the most important environmental factors affecting the growth and survival of microorganisms and in light of current global patterns is of particular interest. Here, we highlight studies revealing how vitamin B12 (cobalamin)-producing bacteria increase the fitness of the unicellular alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii following an increase in environmental temperature. Heat stress represses C. reinhardtii cobalamin-independent methionine synthase (METE) gene expression coinciding with a reduction in METE-mediated methionine synthase activity, chlorosis and cell death during heat stress. However, in the presence of cobalamin-producing bacteria or exogenous cobalamin amendments C. reinhardtii cobalamin-dependent methionine synthase METH-mediated methionine biosynthesis is functional at temperatures that result in C. reinhardtii death in the absence of cobalamin. Artificial microRNA silencing of C. reinhardtii METH expression leads to nearly complete loss of cobalamin-mediated enhancement of thermal tolerance. This suggests that methionine biosynthesis is an essential cellular mechanism for adaptation by C. reinhardtii to thermal stress. Increased fitness advantage of METH under environmentally stressful conditions could explain the selective pressure for retaining the METH gene in algae and the apparent independent loss of the METE gene in various algal species. Our results show that how an organism acclimates to a change in its abiotic environment depends critically on co-occurring species, the nature of that interaction, and how those species interactions evolve.
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23
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Mastrobuoni G, Irgang S, Pietzke M, Assmus HE, Wenzel M, Schulze WX, Kempa S. Proteome dynamics and early salt stress response of the photosynthetic organism Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. BMC Genomics 2012; 13:215. [PMID: 22651860 PMCID: PMC3444938 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-13-215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2011] [Accepted: 05/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cellular proteome and metabolome are underlying dynamic regulation allowing rapid adaptation to changes in the environment. System-wide analysis of these dynamics will provide novel insights into mechanisms of stress adaptation for higher photosynthetic organisms. We applied pulsed-SILAC labeling to a photosynthetic organism for the first time and we established a method to study proteome dynamics in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, an emerging model system for plant biology. In addition, we combined the analysis of protein synthesis with metabolic profiling to study the dynamic changes of metabolism and proteome turnover under salt stress conditions. RESULTS To study de novo protein synthesis an arginine auxotroph Chlamydomonas strain was cultivated in presence of stable isotope-labeled arginine for 24 hours. From the time course experiment in 3 salt concentrations we could identify more than 2500 proteins and their H/L ratio in at least one experimental condition; for 998 protiens at least 3 ratio counts were detected in the 24 h time point (0 mM NaCl). After fractionation we could identify 3115 proteins and for 1765 of them we determined their de novo synthesis rate. Consistently with previous findings we showed that RuBisCO is among the most prominent proteins in the cell; and similar abundance and turnover for the small and large RuBisCO subunit could be calculated. The D1 protein was identified among proteins with a high synthesis rates. A global median half-life of 45 h was calculated for Chlamydomonas proteins under the chosen conditions. CONCLUSION To investigate the temporal co-regulation of the proteome and metabolome, we applied salt stress to Chlamydomonas and studied the time dependent regulation of protein expression and changes in the metabolome. The main metabolic response to salt stress was observed within the amino acid metabolism. In particular, proline was up-regulated manifold and according to that an increased carbon flow within the proline biosynthetic pathway could be measured. In parallel the analysis of abundance and de novo synthesis of the corresponding enzymes revealed that metabolic rearrangements precede adjustments of protein abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Mastrobuoni
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Berlin, Germany
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24
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Tegeder M, Ward JM. Molecular Evolution of Plant AAP and LHT Amino Acid Transporters. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2012; 3:21. [PMID: 22645574 PMCID: PMC3355764 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2012.00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2011] [Accepted: 01/19/2012] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen is an essential mineral nutrient and it is often transported within living organisms in its reduced form, as amino acids. Transport of amino acids across cellular membranes requires proteins, and here we report the phylogenetic analysis across taxa of two amino acid transporter families, the amino acid permeases (AAPs) and the lysine-histidine-like transporters (LHTs). We found that the two transporter families form two distinct groups in plants supporting the concept that both are essential. AAP transporters seem to be restricted to land plants. They were found in Selaginella moellendorffii and Physcomitrella patens but not in Chlorophyte, Charophyte, or Rhodophyte algae. AAPs were strongly represented in vascular plants, consistent with their major function in phloem (vascular tissue) loading of amino acids for sink nitrogen supply. LHTs on the other hand appeared prior to land plants. LHTs were not found in chlorophyte algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Volvox carterii. However, the characean alga Klebsormidium flaccidum encodes KfLHT13 and phylogenetic analysis indicates that it is basal to land plant LHTs. This is consistent with the hypothesis that characean algae are ancestral to land plants. LHTs were also found in both S. moellendorffii and P. patens as well as in monocots and eudicots. To date, AAPs and LHTs have mainly been characterized in Arabidopsis (eudicots) and these studies provide clues to the functions of the newly identified homologs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mechthild Tegeder
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State UniversityPullman, WA, USA
| | - John M. Ward
- Department of Plant Biology, University of MinnesotaSt. Paul, MN, USA
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25
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Siaut M, Cuiné S, Cagnon C, Fessler B, Nguyen M, Carrier P, Beyly A, Beisson F, Triantaphylidès C, Li-Beisson Y, Peltier G. Oil accumulation in the model green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii: characterization, variability between common laboratory strains and relationship with starch reserves. BMC Biotechnol 2011; 11:7. [PMID: 21255402 PMCID: PMC3036615 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6750-11-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 429] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2010] [Accepted: 01/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background When cultivated under stress conditions, many microalgae species accumulate both starch and oil (triacylglycerols). The model green microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii has recently emerged as a model to test genetic engineering or cultivation strategies aiming at increasing lipid yields for biodiesel production. Blocking starch synthesis has been suggested as a way to boost oil accumulation. Here, we characterize the triacylglycerol (TAG) accumulation process in Chlamydomonas and quantify TAGs in various wild-type and starchless strains. Results In response to nitrogen deficiency, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii produced TAGs enriched in palmitic, oleic and linoleic acids that accumulated in oil-bodies. Oil synthesis was maximal between 2 and 3 days following nitrogen depletion and reached a plateau around day 5. In the first 48 hours of oil deposition, a ~80% reduction in the major plastidial membrane lipids occurred. Upon nitrogen re-supply, mobilization of TAGs started after starch degradation but was completed within 24 hours. Comparison of oil content in five common laboratory strains (CC124, CC125, cw15, CC1690 and 11-32A) revealed a high variability, from 2 μg TAG per million cell in CC124 to 11 μg in 11-32A. Quantification of TAGs on a cell basis in three mutants affected in starch synthesis (cw15sta1-2, cw15sta6 and cw15sta7-1) showed that blocking starch synthesis did not result in TAG over-accumulation compared to their direct progenitor, the arginine auxotroph strain 330. Moreover, no significant correlation was found between cellular oil and starch levels among the twenty wild-type, mutants and complemented strains tested. By contrast, cellular oil content was found to increase steeply with salt concentration in the growth medium. At 100 mM NaCl, oil level similar to nitrogen depletion conditions could be reached in CC124 strain. Conclusion A reference basis for future genetic studies of oil metabolism in Chlamydomonas is provided. Results highlight the importance of using direct progenitors as control strains when assessing the effect of mutations on oil content. They also suggest the existence in Chlamydomonas of complex interplays between oil synthesis, genetic background and stress conditions. Optimization of such interactions is an alternative to targeted metabolic engineering strategies in the search for high oil yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magali Siaut
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Direction of Life Sciences, Institute for Environmental Biology and Biotechnology, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
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26
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Cooper JB, Adair WS, Mecham RP, Heuser JE. Chlamydomonas agglutinin is a hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 80:5898-901. [PMID: 16593377 PMCID: PMC390183 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.80.19.5898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The mt(+) sexual agglutinin from Chlamydomonas reinhardi is shown to contain approximately 12% hydroxyproline, and two inhibitors of hydroxyproline formation, alpha,alpha'-dipyridyl and 3,4-dehydroproline, are shown to block the production of agglutinin activity in an in vivo bioassay system. These results indicate that the agglutinin glycoprotein may be related to a class of hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins found in the extracellular matrix of higher plants, several of which have been shown to have lectin activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Cooper
- Department of Biology, Washington University, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63130
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27
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Schmidt GW, Mishkind ML. Rapid degradation of unassembled ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase small subunits in chloroplasts. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 80:2632-6. [PMID: 16593310 PMCID: PMC393881 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.80.9.2632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We have detected a proteolytic mechanism in chloroplasts that selectively and rapidly degrades the imported small subunit of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase when pools of the chloroplast-synthesized large subunit are depleted. This degradation system is constitutively present and appears to be responsible for precise stoichiometric accumulation of the two subunits of the enzyme. We believe similar proteolytic mechanisms participate in regulating the accumulation of other photosynthetic proteins during chloroplast biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- G W Schmidt
- Department of Botany, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
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González-Ballester D, Casero D, Cokus S, Pellegrini M, Merchant SS, Grossman AR. RNA-seq analysis of sulfur-deprived Chlamydomonas cells reveals aspects of acclimation critical for cell survival. THE PLANT CELL 2010; 22:2058-84. [PMID: 20587772 PMCID: PMC2910963 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.109.071167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2009] [Revised: 04/01/2010] [Accepted: 05/18/2010] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The Chlamydomonas reinhardtii transcriptome was characterized from nutrient-replete and sulfur-depleted wild-type and snrk2.1 mutant cells. This mutant is null for the regulatory Ser-Thr kinase SNRK2.1, which is required for acclimation of the alga to sulfur deprivation. The transcriptome analyses used microarray hybridization and RNA-seq technology. Quantitative RT-PCR evaluation of the results obtained by these techniques showed that RNA-seq reports a larger dynamic range of expression levels than do microarray hybridizations. Transcripts responsive to sulfur deprivation included those encoding proteins involved in sulfur acquisition and assimilation, synthesis of sulfur-containing metabolites, Cys degradation, and sulfur recycling. Furthermore, we noted potential modifications of cellular structures during sulfur deprivation, including the cell wall and complexes associated with the photosynthetic apparatus. Moreover, the data suggest that sulfur-deprived cells accumulate proteins with fewer sulfur-containing amino acids. Most of the sulfur deprivation responses are controlled by the SNRK2.1 protein kinase. The snrk2.1 mutant exhibits a set of unique responses during both sulfur-replete and sulfur-depleted conditions that are not observed in wild-type cells; the inability of this mutant to acclimate to S deprivation probably leads to elevated levels of singlet oxygen and severe oxidative stress, which ultimately causes cell death. The transcriptome results for wild-type and mutant cells strongly suggest the occurrence of massive changes in cellular physiology and metabolism as cells become depleted for sulfur and reveal aspects of acclimation that are likely critical for cell survival.
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Metabolic Control Between the Symbiotic Chlorella and the Host Paramecium. ENDOSYMBIONTS IN PARAMECIUM 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-92677-1_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Ilyash LV, Belevich TA, Ulanova AY, Matorin DN. Fluorescence parameters of marine plankton algae at the assimilation of organic nitrogen. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.3103/s0096392507030054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Govorunova EG, Sineshchekov OA. Chemotaxis in the green flagellate alga Chlamydomonas. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2006; 70:717-25. [PMID: 16097934 DOI: 10.1007/s10541-005-0176-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Behavior of the green flagellate alga Chlamydomonas changes in response to a number of chemical stimuli. Specific sensitivity of the cells to different substances might appear only at certain stages of the life cycle. The heterogamous species C. allensworthii demonstrates chemotaxis of male gametes towards pheromones excreted by female gametes. In C. reinhardtii chemotaxis towards tryptone occurs only in gametes, whereas chemotaxis towards ammonium, on the contrary, only in vegetative cells. Chemotaxis to different chemical stimuli might involve different mechanisms of reception and signal transduction, elucidation of which has only recently begun. Indirect evidences show that the cells likely respond to tryptone with changes in the membrane electrical conductance. The recently completed project of sequencing the whole nuclear genome of C. reinhardtii provides the basis for future identification of molecular elements of the chemosensory cascade in this alga.
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Affiliation(s)
- E G Govorunova
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia.
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Grossman A, Takahashi H. MACRONUTRIENT UTILIZATION BY PHOTOSYNTHETIC EUKARYOTES AND THE FABRIC OF INTERACTIONS. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2001; 52:163-210. [PMID: 11337396 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.arplant.52.1.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Organisms acclimate to a continually fluctuating nutrient environment. Acclimation involves responses specific for the limiting nutrient as well as responses that are more general and occur when an organism experiences different stress conditions. Specific responses enable organisms to efficiently scavenge the limiting nutrient and may involve the induction of high-affinity transport systems and the synthesis of hydrolytic enzymes that facilitate the release of the nutrient from extracellular organic molecules or from internal reserves. General responses include changes in cell division rates and global alterations in metabolic activities. In photosynthetic organisms there must be precise regulation of photosynthetic activity since when severe nutrient limitation prevents continued cell growth, excitation of photosynthetic pigments could result in the formation of reactive oxygen species, which can severely damage structural and functional features of the cell. This review focuses on ways that photosynthetic eukaryotes assimilate the macronutrients nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus, and the mechanisms that govern assimilatory activities. Also discussed are molecular responses to macronutrient limitation and the elicitation of those responses through integration of environmental and cellular cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Grossman
- Department of Plant Biology, The Carnegie Institution of Washington 260 Panama Street, Stanford, California 94305; e-mail: , RIKEN Plant Science Center, 2-l Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan; e-mail:
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Abstract
To cope with low nutrient availability in nature, organisms have evolved inducible systems that enable them to scavenge and efficiently utilize the limiting nutrient. Furthermore, organisms must have the capacity to adjust their rate of metabolism and make specific alterations in metabolic pathways that favor survival when the potential for cell growth and division is reduced. In this article I will focus on the acclimation of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, a unicellular, eukaryotic green alga to conditions of nitrogen, sulfur and phosphorus deprivation. This organism has a distinguished history as a model for classical genetic analyses, but it has recently been developed for exploitation using an array of molecular and genomic tools. The application of these tools to the analyses of nutrient limitation responses (and other biological processes) is revealing mechanisms that enable Chlamydomonas to survive harsh environmental conditions and establishing relationships between the responses of this morphologically simple, photosynthetic eukaryote and those of both nonphotosynthetic organisms and vascular plants.
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Palombella AL, Dutcher SK. Identification of the gene encoding the tryptophan synthase beta-subunit from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 1998; 117:455-64. [PMID: 9625698 PMCID: PMC34965 DOI: 10.1104/pp.117.2.455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/1997] [Accepted: 02/24/1998] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We report the isolation of a Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cDNA that encodes the beta-subunit of tryptophan synthase (TSB). This cDNA was cloned by functional complementation of a trp-operon-deleted strain of Escherichia coli. Hybridization analysis indicated that the gene exists in a single copy. The predicted amino acid sequence showed the greatest identity to TSB polypeptides from other photosynthetic organisms. With the goal of identifying mutations in the gene encoding this enzyme, we isolated 11 recessive and 1 dominant single-gene mutation that conferred resistance to 5-fluoroindole. These mutations fell into three complementation groups, MAA2, MAA7, and TAR1. In vitro assays showed that mutations at each of these loci affected TSB activity. Restriction fragment-length polymorphism analysis suggested that MAA7 encodes TSB. MAA2 and TAR1 may act to regulate the activity of MAA7 or its protein product.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Palombella
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0347, USA
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von Gromoff ED, Beck CF. Genes expressed during sexual differentiation of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS : MGG 1993; 241:415-21. [PMID: 8246895 DOI: 10.1007/bf00284695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Four genes specifically expressed during gametogenesis of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii have been cloned and their expression patterns analyzed. mRNAs encoded by these gamete-specific genes (gas) were absent or present only at very low levels in vegetative cells and mature zygotes. In young zygotes 2 h after gamete fusion, the mRNAs of three gas genes still persisted. The gas mRNAs accumulated during gametic differentiation. The temporal patterns of accumulation of individual mRNAs differed; some started to increase early during gametogenesis, others accumulated in the late phase. The accumulation of one of the late mRNAs (gas28) was strictly light-dependent. To illustrate the utility of the genes cloned in the analysis of sexual differentiation in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii we show that in a gametogenesis-defective mutant, the expression of late genes is prevented while that of early genes is normal.
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Affiliation(s)
- E D von Gromoff
- Institut für Biologie III, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg, Germany
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Vallon O, Bulté L, Kuras R, Olive J, Wollman FA. Extensive accumulation of an extracellular L-amino-acid oxidase during gametogenesis of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1993; 215:351-60. [PMID: 8344302 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1993.tb18041.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
In a previous study [Bulté, L. & Wollman, F.-A. (1992) Eur. J. Biochem. 204, 327-336], we identified a novel gamete-specific polypeptide of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, M alpha. This 66-kDa polypeptide reacts with antibodies to cytochrome f and accumulates in gametes only in conditions that promote destabilisation of the cytochrome b6/f complex. Here, we show that M alpha is not a modification product of cytochrome f, but is part of protein M, a high-molecular-mass L-amino-acid oxidase located in the periplasm. It catalyzes oxidation of all L-amino acids tested, except cysteine. Using phenylalanine as a substrate, saturation of the enzymatic rate is reached at 2 microM. These characteristics suggest that protein M may operate in vivo as an efficient scavanger of ammonium from extracellular amino acids. The enzyme contains non-covalently bound FAD. It exists in two forms with essentially similar enzymatic properties, of 1.2-1.3 MDa and 0.9-1.0 MDa, respectively. The lighter form is an oligomer of M alpha, while the heavier form contains, in addition to M alpha, a second polypeptide of 135 kDa, M beta, in a molar ratio of 3-4 M alpha/M beta. Both polypeptides are glycosylated.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Vallon
- Institut Jacques Monod/CNRS, Paris, France
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Wiedemann I, de Groot EJ, Schweiger M. On the molecular mechanism of the circadian clock: The 64000-Mr protein of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii might be related to the biological clock. PLANTA 1992; 186:593-599. [PMID: 24186791 DOI: 10.1007/bf00198041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/1991] [Accepted: 09/24/1991] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Labelling of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cells with [(35)S] methionine led to the detection of a 64-kDa polypeptide which is synthesized according to a circadian rhythm. The change in synthesis rate could be demonstrated to exist under constant dim-light conditions as well as in darkness. Maximum synthesis of the 64-kDa polypeptide occurred at about 10 h after onset of constant conditions, and the period length of its oscillation was about 29 h. The 64-kDa polypeptide was synthesized on 80S ribosomes as shown by experiments in which cycloheximide and chloramphenicol were supplied to the cultures. Peptide-microsequence analysis yielded an N-terminal sequence of 14 amino acids. No significant homology to any other known polypeptide could be demonstrated in searches of current databases. The possible role of the 64-kDa polypeptide and its relationship to the biological clock is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Wiedemann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Zellbiologie, Abteilung Schweiger, W-6802, Rosenhof, Ladenburg bei Heidelberg, Germany
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Muñoz-Blanco J, Hidalgo-Martínez J, Cárdenas J. Extracellular deamination of L-amino acids by Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cells. PLANTA 1990; 182:194-198. [PMID: 24197095 DOI: 10.1007/bf00197110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/1989] [Accepted: 04/02/1990] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
When grown in the light and in a Tris-acetate phosphate medium, cells of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Dang. can use the following L-amino acids as a sole nitrogen source: asparagine, glutamine, arginine, lysine, alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, serine, methionine, histidine, and phenylalanine, whereas, in the absence of acetate, the cells only used L-arginine. The utilization system in the acetate medium consisted of an extracellular deaminating activity induced by L-amino acids; it took between 10 to 30 h before the system appeared in cells previously grown with ammonium. This deaminase activity was nonspecific, required an organic carbon source for its de-novo synthesis, and was sensitive to high ammonium concentration and light deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Muñoz-Blanco
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Córdoba, Avda. S. Alberto Magno, s/n, E-14071, Córdoba, Spain
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40
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Singh S, Ahmad S. Regulation of urea uptake by ammonia in the cyanobacteriumAnabaena doliolum. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1989. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1989.tb03578.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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McAULEY PJ. The effect of arginine on rates of internalization of other amino acids by symbiotic Chlorella cells. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 1989; 112:553-559. [PMID: 29265431 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.1989.tb00350.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Addition of arginine to the medium of symbiotic Chlorella freshly isolated from the European strain of green hydra increases the rate of uptake of other amino acids into the cells via a general amino acid permease. Uptake rates increase immediately upon addition of arginine, reaching a new stable level after 20-30 min. Removal of arginine causes an immediate decrease in uptake rates. Changes in the Km and Vmax of amino-acid uptake in the presence of arginine, and the fact that cycloheximide treatment does not inhibit the arginine-stimulated increase, suggest that arginine does not induce synthesis of new transport protein. Instead, arginine may alter properties of the cell membrane such as charge, thereby increasing the efficiency of uptake of amino acids by existing transport mechanisms. The significance of this novel effect is discussed in terms of possible control of amino acid supply to the symbiotic Chlorella.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J McAULEY
- Agricultural Science Building, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford 0X1 3PF, UK
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42
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Loppes R, Heindricks R. New arginine-requiring mutants in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Arch Microbiol 1986. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00412801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Kirk DL, Harper JF. Genetic, biochemical, and molecular approaches to Volvox development and evolution. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CYTOLOGY 1986; 99:217-93. [PMID: 3514509 DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7696(08)61428-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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44
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Jung KD, Lüttge U. Amino acid uptake by Lemna gibba by a mechanism with affinity to neutral L-and D-amino acids. PLANTA 1980; 150:230-235. [PMID: 24306687 DOI: 10.1007/bf00390831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/1980] [Accepted: 07/17/1980] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Earlier work suggested that amino acid uptake by Lemna gibba cells is a H(+)-cotransport mechanism driven by a proton-electrochemical gradient at the plasmalemma. The present investigations of the transient membrane depolarizations elicited by amino acids and tracer-uptake experiments show that all neutral α-L-amino acids, D-alanine and analogues, like β-alanine and p-fluorophenylalanine, are transported by the same system. It remains to be seen if there are separate mechanisms for the uptake of acidic and basic amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- K D Jung
- Institut für Botanik, Technische Hochschule Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstraße 3-5, D-6100, Darmstadt, Federal Republic of Germany
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45
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Kirk MM, Kirk DL. Carrier-mediated Uptake of Arginine and Urea by Volvox carteri f. nagariensis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 1978; 61:549-55. [PMID: 16660334 PMCID: PMC1091915 DOI: 10.1104/pp.61.4.549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Volvox carteri f. nagariensis takes up arginine via a high affinity, highly specific carrier, whereas carriers for neutral and acidic amino acids cannot be detected (even in nitrogen-starved cultures). Exogenous arginine is accumulated against a steep concentration gradient and is incorporated into protein with high efficiency, but it is not catabolized to any significant extent and will not serve as a nitrogen source adequate to support growth. Urea is also taken up by a saturable carrier, but several lines of evidence indicate that the arginine and urea carriers are distinct and different. Preexposure to arginine suppresses arginine uptake while stimulating urea uptake. The K(i) values observed for reciprocal, competitive inhibition of uptake by arginine and urea are orders of magnitude different from the respective K(m) values for uptake. The two uptake systems show entirely different patterns of sensitivity to inhibition by structural analogs. Finally, the V(max) values for arginine and urea uptake fluctuate independently (but in a regular pattern) during the asexual life cycle. The fluctuations of urea uptake activity are of considerable magnitude and appear to be linked to key phases of the developmental program.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Kirk
- Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130
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