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Im JH, Son S, Kim WC, Kim K, Mitsuda N, Ko JH, Han KH. Jasmonate activates secondary cell wall biosynthesis through MYC2-MYB46 module. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 117:1099-1114. [PMID: 37983636 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Formation of secondary cell wall (SCW) is tightly regulated spatiotemporally by various developmental and environmental signals. Successful fine-tuning of the trade-off between SCW biosynthesis and stress responses requires a better understanding of how plant growth is regulated under environmental stress conditions. However, the current understanding of the interplay between environmental signaling and SCW formation is limited. The lipid-derived plant hormone jasmonate (JA) and its derivatives are important signaling components involved in various physiological processes including plant growth, development, and abiotic/biotic stress responses. Recent studies suggest that JA is involved in SCW formation but the signaling pathway has not been studied for how JA regulates SCW formation. We tested this hypothesis using the transcription factor MYB46, a master switch for SCW biosynthesis, and JA treatments. Both the transcript and protein levels of MYB46, a master switch for SCW formation, were significantly increased by JA treatment, resulting in the upregulation of SCW biosynthesis. We then show that this JA-induced upregulation of MYB46 is mediated by MYC2, a central regulator of JA signaling, which binds to the promoter of MYB46. We conclude that this MYC2-MYB46 module is a key component of the plant response to JA in SCW formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Hee Im
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
- Department of Science Education, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungmin Son
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, 54874, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Chan Kim
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Kihwan Kim
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Nobutaka Mitsuda
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, 305-8566, Japan
| | - Jae-Heung Ko
- Department of Plant & Environmental New Resources, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Hwan Han
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
- Department of Forestry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
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2
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Yajnik KN, Gupta SRR, Taneja M, Singh IK, Singh A. Deciphering mitogen activated protein kinase pathway activated during insect attack in Nicotiana attenuata. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-17. [PMID: 37811559 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2263795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Plant yields are compromised due to abiotic and biotic stresses. A crucial biotic stress instigated by insect attack, is a major concern that limits crop production. To overcome the deleterious effect of herbivory, pesticides are used but long-term usage of pesticides can be harmful to the environment and human health. Understanding the plants' inherent defense mechanism by interpreting the interaction pattern of defense-related proteins and signalling components and manipulating them to strengthen defense status, is one of the alternative approaches of green biotechnology. During insect attack, host plants initiate innumerable signalling pathways to activate defense response; Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) Pathway is a crucial component of signalling pathway that regulate the expression of downstream defense-related genes. MAPK pathway has three components: MAPKKK, MAPKK and MAPK. Earlier studies have shown participation of SIPK and WIPK (MAPKs) as well as MEK2 (MAPKK) during insect infestation and its association with plant defense. However, information on the third component and elucidation of the complete MAPK pathway are still elusive. Therefore, this study aims to identify the unknown component and decipher MAPK pathway in Nicotiana attenuata involved in plant defense against herbivory by identifying herbivory-inducible MAPKKKs and and their interaction with known partners of the MAPK pathway by docking and MD simulation. The possible pathway was predicted to be MAPKKK Na12134/Na04522-MEK2-SIPK/WIPK. Further, validation of the above interaction by in vitro and in vivo methods is highly recommended.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalpesh Nath Yajnik
- Department of Botany, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
- J C Bose Center for Plant Genomics, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Shradheya R R Gupta
- Molecular Biology Research Lab, Department of Zoology, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Mansi Taneja
- Department of Botany, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Indrakant K Singh
- Molecular Biology Research Lab, Department of Zoology, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Archana Singh
- Department of Botany, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
- J C Bose Center for Plant Genomics, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
- Delhi School of Climate Change and Sustainability, Institution of Eminence, Maharishi Karnad Bhawan, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
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3
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Zhang P, Tang Y, Liu Y, Liu J, Wang Q, Wang H, Li H, Li L, Qin P. Metabolic characteristics of self-pollinated wheat seed under red and blue light during early development. PLANTA 2023; 258:63. [PMID: 37543957 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04217-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Blue light has a greater effect on jasmonic acid and flavonoid accumulation in wheat seeds than red light; blue light reduces starch synthesis and the size of starch granules and seeds. This study sought to elucidate the effects of blue and red light on seed metabolism to provide important insights regarding the role of light quality in regulating seed growth and development. We used combined multi-omics analysis to investigate the impact of red and blue light (BL) on the induction of secondary metabolite accumulation in the hexaploid wheat Dianmai 3 after pollination. Flavonoids and alkaloids were the most differentially abundant metabolites detected under different treatments. Additionally, we used multi-omics and weighted correlation network analysis to screen multiple candidate genes associated with jasmonic acid (JA) and flavonoids. Expression regulatory networks were constructed based on RNA-sequencing data and their potential binding sites. The results revealed that BL had a greater effect on JA and flavonoid accumulation in wheat seeds than red light. Furthermore, BL reduced starch synthesis and stunted the size of starch granules and seeds. Collectively, these findings clarify the role of BL in the metabolic regulation of early seed development in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongsheng Tang
- Qujing Academy of Agricultural Science, Qujing, 655000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongjiang Liu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Junna Liu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianchao Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxin Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanxue Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Qin
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China.
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Integration of Electrical Signals and Phytohormones in the Control of Systemic Response. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24010847. [PMID: 36614284 PMCID: PMC9821543 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants are constantly exposed to environmental stresses. Local stimuli sensed by one part of a plant are translated into long-distance signals that can influence the activities in distant tissues. Changes in levels of phytohormones in distant parts of the plant occur in response to various local stimuli. The regulation of hormone levels can be mediated by long-distance electrical signals, which are also induced by local stimulation. We consider the crosstalk between electrical signals and phytohormones and identify interaction points, as well as provide insights into the integration nodes that involve changes in pH, Ca2+ and ROS levels. This review also provides an overview of our current knowledge of how electrical signals and hormones work together to induce a systemic response.
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Vega-Muñoz I, Duran-Flores D, Fernández-Fernández ÁD, Heyman J, Ritter A, Stael S. Breaking Bad News: Dynamic Molecular Mechanisms of Wound Response in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:610445. [PMID: 33363562 PMCID: PMC7752953 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.610445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Recognition and repair of damaged tissue are an integral part of life. The failure of cells and tissues to appropriately respond to damage can lead to severe dysfunction and disease. Therefore, it is essential that we understand the molecular pathways of wound recognition and response. In this review, we aim to provide a broad overview of the molecular mechanisms underlying the fate of damaged cells and damage recognition in plants. Damaged cells release the so-called damage associated molecular patterns to warn the surrounding tissue. Local signaling through calcium (Ca2+), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and hormones, such as jasmonic acid, activates defense gene expression and local reinforcement of cell walls to seal off the wound and prevent evaporation and pathogen colonization. Depending on the severity of damage, Ca2+, ROS, and electrical signals can also spread throughout the plant to elicit a systemic defense response. Special emphasis is placed on the spatiotemporal dimension in order to obtain a mechanistic understanding of wound signaling in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Vega-Muñoz
- Laboratorio de Ecología de Plantas, CINVESTAV-Irapuato, Departamento de Ingeniería Genética, Irapuato, Mexico
| | - Dalia Duran-Flores
- Laboratorio de Ecología de Plantas, CINVESTAV-Irapuato, Departamento de Ingeniería Genética, Irapuato, Mexico
| | - Álvaro Daniel Fernández-Fernández
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jefri Heyman
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Andrés Ritter
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Simon Stael
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium
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6
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Sözen C, Schenk ST, Boudsocq M, Chardin C, Almeida-Trapp M, Krapp A, Hirt H, Mithöfer A, Colcombet J. Wounding and Insect Feeding Trigger Two Independent MAPK Pathways with Distinct Regulation and Kinetics. THE PLANT CELL 2020; 32:1988-2003. [PMID: 32265268 PMCID: PMC7268812 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.19.00917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic and biotic factors cause plant wounding and trigger complex short- and long-term responses at the local and systemic levels. These responses are under the control of complex signaling pathways, which are still poorly understood. Here, we show that the rapid activation of clade-A mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) MPK3 and MPK6 by wounding depends on the upstream MAPK kinases MKK4 and MKK5 but is independent of jasmonic acid (JA) signaling. In addition, this fast module does not control wound-triggered JA accumulation in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), unlike its orthologs in tobacco. We also demonstrate that a second MAPK module, composed of MKK3 and the clade-C MAPKs MPK1/2/7, is activated by wounding in a MKK4/5-independent manner. We provide evidence that the activation of this MKK3-MPK1/2/7 module occurs mainly through wound-induced JA production via the transcriptional regulation of upstream clade-III MAP3Ks, particularly MAP3K14. We show that mkk3 mutant plants are more susceptible to herbivory from larvae of the generalist lepidopteran herbivore Spodoptera littoralis, indicating that the MKK3-MPK1/2/7 module is involved in counteracting insect feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Sözen
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Univ Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Sebastian T Schenk
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Univ Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Marie Boudsocq
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Univ Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Camille Chardin
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Marilia Almeida-Trapp
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Anne Krapp
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Heribert Hirt
- Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Axel Mithöfer
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Research Group Plant Defense Physiology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Jean Colcombet
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Univ Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91405 Orsay, France
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7
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Tak H, Negi S, Rajpurohit YS, Misra HS, Ganapathi TR. MusaMPK5, a mitogen activated protein kinase is involved in regulation of cold tolerance in banana. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 146:112-123. [PMID: 31739146 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are known to play important functions in stress responses of plants. We have functionally characterized a MAPK, MusaMPK5 from banana and demonstrated its function in cold tolerance response of banana plants. Expression of MusaMPK5 showed positive response to cold, methyl-jasmonate and salicylic acid treatment. Transgenic banana plants harbouring PMusaMPK5::GUS after exposure to cold stress (8 °C) showed strong induction of GUS in cells surrounding central vascular cylinder of corm and cortical cells of pseudostem. Transgenic banana lines overexpressing MusaMPK5 were regenerated and four different transgenic lines were confirmed for T-DNA insertions by Southern blot and PCR analysis. In an in-vitro growth assay transgenic lines gained better shoot length and fresh weight during recovery from cold stress indicating improved cold tolerance ability of transgenic lines than control plants. Leaf discs of transgenic lines bleached less and retain lower MDA content than leaf discs of control plants after cold stress (4 °C and 8 °C). Cold stress tolerance analysis using two month old plants suggested that improved cold tolerance ability of transgenic lines might be associated with increased level of proline and reduced MDA content. MusaMPK5 gets localized in cytoplasm as observed in onion epidermal cells transiently overexpressing either MusaMPK5-GFP or MusaMPK5-GUS fusion protein. MusaMPK5 is a functional kinase as it autophosphorylate itself and phosphorylate myelin basic protein (MBP) in an in vitro reaction. Purified MusaMPK5 can phosphorylate NAC042 and SNAC67 transcription factors of banana which are important regulators of stress tolerance in banana plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu Tak
- Plant Cell Culture Technology Section, Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Sanjana Negi
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Mumbai, Mumbai, 400098, India
| | - Yogendra S Rajpurohit
- Molecular Biology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Hari S Misra
- Molecular Biology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - T R Ganapathi
- Plant Cell Culture Technology Section, Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India.
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8
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He M, Ding NZ. Plant Unsaturated Fatty Acids: Multiple Roles in Stress Response. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:562785. [PMID: 33013981 PMCID: PMC7500430 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.562785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Land plants are exposed to not only biotic stresses such as pathogen infection and herbivore wounding, but abiotic stresses such as cold, heat, drought, and salt. Elaborate strategies have been developed to avoid or abide the adverse effects, with unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) emerging as general defenders. In higher plants, the most common UFAs are three 18-carbon species, namely, oleic (18:1), linoleic (18:2), and α-linolenic (18:3) acids. These simple compounds act as ingredients and modulators of cellular membranes in glycerolipids, reserve of carbon and energy in triacylglycerol, stocks of extracellular barrier constituents (e.g., cutin and suberin), precursors of various bioactive molecules (e.g., jasmonates and nitroalkenes), and regulators of stress signaling. Nevertheless, they are also potential inducers of oxidative stress. In this review, we will present an overview of these roles and then shed light on genetic engineering of FA synthetic genes for improving plant/crop stress tolerance.
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Lin Y, Li W, Zhang Y, Xia C, Liu Y, Wang C, Xu R, Zhang L. Identification of Genes/Proteins Related to Submergence Tolerance by Transcriptome and Proteome Analyses in Soybean. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14688. [PMID: 31604973 PMCID: PMC6789146 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50757-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Flooding can lead to yield reduction of soybean. Therefore, identification of flooding tolerance genes has great significance in production practice. In this study, Qihuang 34, a highly-resistant variety to flooding stress, was selected for submergence treatments. Transcriptome and proteome analyses were conducted, by which twenty-two up-regulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs)/differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) associated with five KEGG pathways were isolated. The number of the DEGs/DEPs enriched in glycolysis/gluconeogenesis was the highest. Four of these genes were confirmed by RT-qPCR, suggesting that glycolysis/gluconeogenesis may be activated to generate energy for plant survival under anaerobic conditions. Thirty-eight down-regulated DEGs/DEPs associated with six KEGG pathways were identified under submergence stress. Eight DEGs/DEPs enriched in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis were assigned to peroxidase, which catalyzes the conversion of coumaryl alcohol to hydroxy-phenyl lignin in the final step of lignin biosynthesis. Three of these genes were confirmed by RT-qPCR. The decreased expression of these genes led to the inhibition of lignin biosynthesis, which may be the cause of plant softening under submergence stress for a long period of time. This study revealed a number of up-/down-regulated pathways and the corresponding DEGs/DEPs, by which, a better understanding of the mechanisms of submergence tolerance in soybean may be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Lin
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
- Institute of Food Crops, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Wei Li
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yanwei Zhang
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Changjian Xia
- Haikou Cigar Research Institute, Hainan Provincial Branch of China National Tobacco Corporation, Haikou, China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Liu
- College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Caijie Wang
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Ran Xu
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Lifeng Zhang
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China.
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Identification of Msp1-Induced Signaling Components in Rice Leaves by Integrated Proteomic and Phosphoproteomic Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20174135. [PMID: 31450622 PMCID: PMC6747406 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
MSP1 is a Magnaporthe oryzae secreted protein that elicits defense responses in rice. However, the molecular mechanism of MSP1 action is largely elusive. Moreover, it is yet to be established whether MSP1 functions as a pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) or an effector. Here, we employed a TMT-based quantitative proteomic analysis of cytosolic as well as plasma membrane proteins to decipher the MSP1 induced signaling in rice. This approach led to the identification of 6691 proteins, of which 3049 were identified in the plasma membrane (PM), while 3642 were identified in the cytosolic fraction. A parallel phosphoproteome analysis led to the identification of 1906 phosphopeptides, while the integration of proteome and phosphoproteome data showed activation of proteins related to the proteolysis, jasmonic acid biosynthesis, redox metabolism, and MAP kinase signaling pathways in response to MSP1 treatment. Further, MSP1 induced phosphorylation of some of the key proteins including respiratory burst oxidase homologue-D (RBOHD), mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase-1 (MEKK1), mitogen-activated protein kinase-3/6 (MPK3/6), calcium-dependent protein kinase (CDPK) and calmodulin (CaM) suggest activation of PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI) in response to MSP1 treatment. In essence, our results further support the functioning of MSP1 as a PAMP and provide an overview of the MSP1 induced signaling in rice leaves.
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11
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Mizuno Y, Ohtsu M, Shibata Y, Tanaka A, Camagna M, Ojika M, Mori H, Sato I, Chiba S, Kawakita K, Takemoto D. Nicotiana benthamiana RanBP1-1 Is Involved in the Induction of Disease Resistance via Regulation of Nuclear-Cytoplasmic Transport of Small GTPase Ran. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:222. [PMID: 30906303 PMCID: PMC6418045 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Plant cells enhance the tolerances to abiotic and biotic stresses via recognition of the stress, activation and nuclear import of signaling factors, up-regulation of defense genes, nuclear export of mRNA and translation of defense proteins. Nuclear pore-mediated transports should play critical roles in these processes, however, the regulatory mechanisms of nuclear-cytoplasmic transport during stress responses are largely unknown. In this study, a regulator of nuclear export of RNA and proteins, NbRanBP1-1 (Ran-binding protein1-1), was identified as an essential gene for the resistance of Nicotiana benthamiana to potato blight pathogen Phytophthora infestans. NbRanBP1-1-silenced plants showed delayed accumulation of capsidiol, a sesquiterpenoid phytoalexin, in response to elicitor treatment, and reduced resistance to P. infestans. Abnormal accumulation of mRNA was observed in NbRanBP1-1-silenced plants, indicating that NbRanBP1-1 is involved in the nuclear export of mRNA. In NbRanBP1-1-silenced plants, elicitor-induced expression of defense genes, NbEAS and NbWIPK, was not affected in the early stage of defense induction, but the accumulation of NbWIPK protein was reduced. Nuclear export of the small G-protein NbRan1a was activated during the induction of plant defense, whereas this process was compromised in NbRanBP1-1-silenced plants. Silencing of genes encoding the nuclear pore proteins, Nup75 and Nup160, also caused abnormal nuclear accumulation of mRNA, defects in the nuclear export of NbRan1a, and reduced production of capsidiol, resulting in decreased resistance to P. infestans. These results suggest that nuclear export of NbRan is a key event for defense induction in N. benthamiana, and both RanBP1-1 and nucleoporins play important roles in the process.
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Murphy F, He Q, Armstrong M, Giuliani LM, Boevink PC, Zhang W, Tian Z, Birch PRJ, Gilroy EM. The Potato MAP3K StVIK Is Required for the Phytophthora infestans RXLR Effector Pi17316 to Promote Disease. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 177:398-410. [PMID: 29588335 PMCID: PMC5933144 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Plant pathogens deliver effectors to manipulate processes in their hosts, creating a suitable environment for invasion and proliferation. Yet, little is known about the host proteins that are targeted by effectors from filamentous pathogens. Here, we show that stable transgenic expression in potato (Solanum tuberosum) and transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana of the arginine-any amino acid-leucine-arginine effector Pi17316 enhances leaf colonization by the late blight pathogen Phytophthora infestans Expression of Pi17316 also attenuates cell death triggered by the pathogen-associated molecular pattern Infestin1 (INF1), indicating that the effector suppresses pattern-triggered immunity. However, this effector does not attenuate cell death triggered by a range of resistance proteins, showing that it specifically suppresses INF1-triggered cell death (ICD). In yeast two-hybrid assays, Pi17316 interacts directly with the potato ortholog of VASCULAR HIGHWAY1-interacting kinase (StVIK), encoding a predicted MEK kinase (MAP3K). Interaction in planta was confirmed by coimmunoprecipitation and occurs at the plant plasma membrane. Virus-induced gene silencing of VIK in N. benthamiana attenuated P. infestans colonization, whereas transient overexpression of StVIK enhanced colonization, indicating that this host protein acts as a susceptibility factor. Moreover, VIK overexpression specifically attenuated ICD, indicating that it is a negative regulator of immunity. The abilities of Pi17316 to enhance P. infestans colonization or suppress ICD were compromised significantly in NbVIK-silenced plants, demonstrating that the effector activity of Pi17316 is mediated by this MAP3K. Thus, StVIK is exploited by P. infestans as a susceptibility factor to promote late blight disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fraser Murphy
- Division of Plant Science, University of Dundee (at James Hutton Institute), Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, United Kingdom
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, United Kingdom
| | - Qin He
- Division of Plant Science, University of Dundee (at James Hutton Institute), Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, United Kingdom
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Miles Armstrong
- Division of Plant Science, University of Dundee (at James Hutton Institute), Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, United Kingdom
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, United Kingdom
| | - Licida M Giuliani
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, United Kingdom
| | - Petra C Boevink
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, United Kingdom
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhendong Tian
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Paul R J Birch
- Division of Plant Science, University of Dundee (at James Hutton Institute), Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, United Kingdom
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, United Kingdom
| | - Eleanor M Gilroy
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, United Kingdom
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Li S, Han X, Yang L, Deng X, Wu H, Zhang M, Liu Y, Zhang S, Xu J. Mitogen-activated protein kinases and calcium-dependent protein kinases are involved in wounding-induced ethylene biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2018; 41:134-147. [PMID: 28543054 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Ethylene, an important hormone in plant growth, development and response to environmental stimuli, is rapidly induced by mechanical injury or wounding. Although induction of ACS (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase) gene expression has been associated with this process, the detailed regulatory mechanism is unclear. Here, we report that the wounding-induced ethylene production is modulated by both mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and calcium-dependent protein kinase (CPK) pathway. Study using acs mutants demonstrated that four ACS isoforms, including ACS2, ACS6, ACS7 and ACS8, contribute to ethylene production in response to wounding. Loss-of-function analysis defines the role of MPK3 and MPK6, and their upstream MKK4 and MKK5, in wounding-induced ethylene production. They play an important role in the wounding-induced up-regulation of all four ACS genes expression. Independent of MAPK pathway, CPK5 and CPK6 are also involved in the wounding-induced ethylene production by regulating the expression of ACS2, ACS6 and ACS8 genes. Taken together, we demonstrate that two independent kinase signalling pathways, MPK3/MPK6 cascade and CPK5/CPK6, are involved in the wounding-induced ethylene biosynthesis via differential regulation of ACS genes at transcriptional level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Xiaofei Han
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Liuyi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Xiangxiong Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Hongjiao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Yidong Liu
- Division of Biochemistry, Interdisciplinary Plant Group, Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Shuqun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
- Division of Biochemistry, Interdisciplinary Plant Group, Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Juan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
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Cacas J, Pré M, Pizot M, Cissoko M, Diedhiou I, Jalloul A, Doumas P, Nicole M, Champion A. GhERF-IIb3 regulates the accumulation of jasmonate and leads to enhanced cotton resistance to blight disease. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2017; 18:825-836. [PMID: 27291786 PMCID: PMC6638235 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The phytohormone jasmonic acid (JA) and its derivatives, collectively referred to as jasmonates, regulate many developmental processes, but are also involved in the response to numerous abiotic/biotic stresses. Thus far, powerful reverse genetic strategies employing perception, signalling or biosynthesis mutants have broadly contributed to our understanding of the role of JA in the plant stress response and development, as has the chemical gain-of-function approach based on exogenous application of the hormone. However, there is currently no method that allows for tightly controlled JA production in planta. By investigating the control of the JA synthesis pathway in bacteria-infected cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) plants, we identified a transcription factor (TF), named GhERF-IIb3, which acts as a positive regulator of the JA pathway. Expression of this well-conserved TF in cotton leaves was sufficient to produce in situ JA accumulation at physiological concentrations associated with an enhanced cotton defence response to bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean‐Luc Cacas
- Institut Jean‐Pierre Bourgin, UMR1318 INRA‐AgroParisTech Centre INRA de Versailles‐GrignonRoute de St. Cyr78026Versailles CedexFrance
| | - Martial Pré
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Unités Mixte de Recherche DIADE (DIversité Adaptation et DEveloppement des plantes) et IPME (Interactions Plantes‐Microorganismes‐Environnement)911 avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, 34394 Montpellier Cedex 5France
| | - Maxime Pizot
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Unités Mixte de Recherche DIADE (DIversité Adaptation et DEveloppement des plantes) et IPME (Interactions Plantes‐Microorganismes‐Environnement)911 avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, 34394 Montpellier Cedex 5France
| | - Maimouna Cissoko
- Laboratoire Mixte International Adaptation des Plantes et Microorganismes Associés aux Stress Environnementaux (LAPSE), Laboratoire Commun de Microbiologie (LCM)Centre de Recherche de Bel Air, BP 1386Dakar18524Senegal
| | - Issa Diedhiou
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Unités Mixte de Recherche DIADE (DIversité Adaptation et DEveloppement des plantes) et IPME (Interactions Plantes‐Microorganismes‐Environnement)911 avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, 34394 Montpellier Cedex 5France
- Laboratoire Mixte International Adaptation des Plantes et Microorganismes Associés aux Stress Environnementaux (LAPSE), Laboratoire Commun de Microbiologie (LCM)Centre de Recherche de Bel Air, BP 1386Dakar18524Senegal
| | - Aida Jalloul
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of AgronomyUniversity of DamascusDamascusBox 113Syria
| | - Patrick Doumas
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des PlantesMontpellier34060France
| | - Michel Nicole
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Unités Mixte de Recherche DIADE (DIversité Adaptation et DEveloppement des plantes) et IPME (Interactions Plantes‐Microorganismes‐Environnement)911 avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, 34394 Montpellier Cedex 5France
| | - Antony Champion
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Unités Mixte de Recherche DIADE (DIversité Adaptation et DEveloppement des plantes) et IPME (Interactions Plantes‐Microorganismes‐Environnement)911 avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, 34394 Montpellier Cedex 5France
- Laboratoire Mixte International Adaptation des Plantes et Microorganismes Associés aux Stress Environnementaux (LAPSE), Laboratoire Commun de Microbiologie (LCM)Centre de Recherche de Bel Air, BP 1386Dakar18524Senegal
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Xiao X, Tang Z, Li X, Hong Y, Li B, Xiao W, Gao Z, Lin D, Li C, Luo L, Niu X, He C, Chen Y. Overexpressing OsMAPK12-1 inhibits plant growth and enhances resistance to bacterial disease in rice. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2017; 44:694-704. [PMID: 32480599 DOI: 10.1071/fp16397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) play important roles in plant growth and development, plant abiotic stresses signalling pathway and plant-pathogen interactions. However, little is known about the roles of MAPKs in modulating plant growth and pathogen resistance. In this study, we found that OsMAPK12-1, an alternatively spliced form of BWMK1 in rice (Oryza sativa L.), was induced by various elicitors, such as jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, melatonin and bacterial pathogens. To further investigate the involvement of OsMAPK12-1 in plant growth and stress responses to bacterial pathogens, we constructed OsMAPK12-1 overexpression and knockdown (RNAi) transgenic rice lines. Interestingly, overexpressing OsMAP12-1 inhibited seed germination and seedling growth. Additionally, the OsMAP12-1-overexpression lines displayed enhanced disease resistance against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae PXO99 and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola RS105, whereas the OsMAPK12-1-RNAi lines were more susceptible to these pathogens than wild type. These results suggest that OsMAPK12-1 plays a negative role in plant growth and positively modulates disease resistance against bacterial blight and streak in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorong Xiao
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilisation of Tropical Bioresource, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China
| | - Zhijuan Tang
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilisation of Tropical Bioresource, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China
| | - Xiuqiong Li
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilisation of Tropical Bioresource, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China
| | - Yuhui Hong
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilisation of Tropical Bioresource, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China
| | - Boling Li
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilisation of Tropical Bioresource, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China
| | - Wenfang Xiao
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilisation of Tropical Bioresource, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China
| | - Zhiliang Gao
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilisation of Tropical Bioresource, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China
| | - Daozhe Lin
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilisation of Tropical Bioresource, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China
| | - Chunxia Li
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilisation of Tropical Bioresource, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China
| | - Lijuan Luo
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilisation of Tropical Bioresource, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China
| | - Xiaolei Niu
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilisation of Tropical Bioresource, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China
| | - Chaozu He
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilisation of Tropical Bioresource, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China
| | - Yinhua Chen
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilisation of Tropical Bioresource, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China
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16
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Li Y, Qin L, Zhao J, Muhammad T, Cao H, Li H, Zhang Y, Liang Y. SlMAPK3 enhances tolerance to tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) by regulating salicylic acid and jasmonic acid signaling in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172466. [PMID: 28222174 PMCID: PMC5319765 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Several recent studies have reported on the role of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK3) in plant immune responses. However, little is known about how MAPK3 functions in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) infected with tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV). There is also uncertainty about the connection between plant MAPK3 and the salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) defense-signaling pathways. The results of this study indicated that SlMAPK3 participates in the antiviral response against TYLCV. Tomato seedlings were inoculated with TYLCV to investigate the possible roles of SlMAPK1, SlMAPK2, and SlMAPK3 against this virus. Inoculation with TYLCV strongly induced the expression and the activity of all three genes. Silencing of SlMAPK1, SlMAPK2, and SlMAPK3 reduced tolerance to TYLCV, increased leaf H2O2 concentrations, and attenuated expression of defense-related genes after TYLCV infection, especially in SlMAPK3-silenced plants. Exogenous SA and methyl jasmonic acid (MeJA) both significantly induced SlMAPK3 expression in tomato leaves. Over-expression of SlMAPK3 increased the transcript levels of SA/JA-mediated defense-related genes (PR1, PR1b/SlLapA, SlPI-I, and SlPI-II) and enhanced tolerance to TYLCV. After TYLCV inoculation, the leaves of SlMAPK3 over-expressed plants compared with wild type plants showed less H2O2 accumulation and greater superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity. Overall, the results suggested that SlMAPK3 participates in the antiviral response of tomato to TYLCV, and that this process may be through either the SA or JA defense-signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunzhou Li
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Lei Qin
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Jingjing Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Tayeb Muhammad
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Hehe Cao
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Hailiang Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Yan Liang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China
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17
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Jin W, Zhou Q, Wei Y, Yang J, Hao F, Cheng Z, Guo H, Liu W. NtWRKY-R1, a Novel Transcription Factor, Integrates IAA and JA Signal Pathway under Topping Damage Stress in Nicotiana tabacum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:2263. [PMID: 29379516 PMCID: PMC5775218 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.02263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Topping damage can induce the nicotine synthesis in tobacco roots, which involves the activation of JA and auxin signal transduction. It remains unclear how these hormone signals are integrated to regulate nicotine synthesis. Here we isolated a transcription factor NtWRKY-R1 from the group IIe of WRKY family and it had strong negative correlation with the expression of putrescine N-methyltransferase, the key enzyme of nicotine synthesis pathway. NtWRKY-R1 was specifically and highly expressed in tobacco roots, and it contains two transcriptional activity domains in the N- and C-terminal. The promoter region of NtWRKY-R1 contains two cis-elements which are responding to JA and auxin signals, respectively. Deletion of NtWRKY-R1 promoter showed that JA and auxin signals were subdued by NtWRKY-R1, and the expression of NtWRKY-R1 was more sensitive to auxin than JA. Furthermore, Yeast two-hybrid experiment demonstrated that NtWRKY-R1 can interact with the actin-binding protein. Our data showed that the intensity of JA and auxin signals can be translated into the expression of NtWRKY-R1, which regulates the balance of actin polymerization and depolymerization through binding actin-binding protein, and then regulates the expression of genes related to nicotine synthesis. The results will help us better understand the function of the WRKY-IIe family in the signaling crosstalk of JA and auxin under damage stress.
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Yanagawa Y, Yoda H, Osaki K, Amano Y, Aono M, Seo S, Kuchitsu K, Mitsuhara I. Mitogen-activated protein kinase 4-like carrying an MEY motif instead of a TXY motif is involved in ozone tolerance and regulation of stomatal closure in tobacco. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:3471-9. [PMID: 27126796 PMCID: PMC4892734 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs/MPKs) are important factors in the regulation of signal transduction in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. Previously, we characterized a MAPK from tobacco, Nicotiana tabacum MPK4 (NtMPK4). Here, we found a highly homologous gene, NtMPK4-like (NtMPK4L), in tobacco as well as other species in Solanaceae and Gramineae. Deduced amino acid sequences of their translation products carried MEY motifs instead of conserved TXY motifs of the MAPK family. We isolated the full length NtMPK4L gene and examined the physiological functions of NtMPK4L. We revealed that NtMPK4L was activated by wounding, like NtMPK4. However, a constitutively active salicylic acid-induced protein kinase kinase (SIPKK(EE)), which phosphorylates NtMPK4, did not phosphorylate NtMPK4L. Moreover, a tyrosine residue in the MEY motif was not involved in NtMPK4L activation. We also found that NtMPK4L-silenced plants showed rapid transpiration caused by remarkably open stomata. In addition, NtMPK4L-silenced plants completely lost the ability to close stomata upon ozone treatment and were highly sensitive to ozone, suggesting that this atypical MAPK plays a role in ozone tolerance through stomatal regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Yanagawa
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, NARO, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yoda
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, NARO, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan
| | - Kohei Osaki
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, NARO, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan
| | - Yuta Amano
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Mitsuko Aono
- Environmental Biology Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan
| | - Shigemi Seo
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, NARO, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Kuchitsu
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan Imaging Frontier Center, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Ichiro Mitsuhara
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, NARO, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan
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Zhang X, Wang G, Gao J, Nie M, Liu W, Xia Q. Functional analysis of NtMPK2 uncovers its positive role in response to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 in tobacco. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 90:19-31. [PMID: 26482478 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-015-0391-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades are highly conserved signaling modules downstream of receptors/sensors and play pivotal roles in signaling plant defense against pathogen attack. Extensive studies on Arabidopsis MPK4 have implicated that the MAP kinase is involved in multilayered plant defense pathways. In this study, we identified tobacco NtMPK2 as an ortholog of AtMPK4. Transgenic tobacco overexpressing NtMPK2 markedly enhances resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (Pst DC3000) virulent and avirulent strains. Transcriptome analysis of NtMPK2-dependent genes shows that possibly the basal resistance system is activated by NtMPK2 overexpression. In addition to NtMPK2-mediated resistance, multiple pathways are involved in response to the avirulent bacteria based on analysis of Pst-responding genes, including SA and ET pathways. Notably, it is possible that biosynthesis of antibacterial compounds is responsible for inhibition of Pst DC3000 avirulent strain when programmed cell death processes in the host. Our results uncover that NtMPK2 positively regulate tobacco defense response to Pst DC3000 and improve our understanding of plant molecular defense mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingtan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- FAFU and UIUC-SIB Joint Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian Province, China
| | - Genhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Junping Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Mengyun Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Wenshan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Qingyou Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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Hettenhausen C, Schuman MC, Wu J. MAPK signaling: a key element in plant defense response to insects. INSECT SCIENCE 2015; 22:157-64. [PMID: 24753304 PMCID: PMC5295641 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Insects have long been the most abundant herbivores, and plants have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to defend against their attack. In particular, plants can perceive specific patterns of tissue damage associated with insect herbivory. Some plant species can perceive certain elicitors in insect oral secretions (OS) that enter wounds during feeding, and rapidly activate a series of intertwined signaling pathways to orchestrate the biosynthesis of various defensive metabolites. Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), common to all eukaryotes, are involved in the orchestration of many cellular processes, including development and stress responses. In plants, at least two MAPKs, salicylic acid-induced protein kinase (SIPK) and wound-induced protein kinase (WIPK), are rapidly activated by wounding or insect OS; importantly, genetic studies using transgenic or mutant plants impaired in MAPK signaling indicated that MAPKs play critical roles in regulating the herbivory-induced dynamics of phytohormones, such as jasmonic acid, ethylene and salicylic acid, and MAPKs are also required for transcriptional activation of herbivore defense-related genes and accumulation of defensive metabolites. In this review, we summarize recent developments in understanding the functions of MAPKs in plant resistance to insect herbivores.
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21
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Hettenhausen C, Heinrich M, Baldwin IT, Wu J. Fatty acid-amino acid conjugates are essential for systemic activation of salicylic acid-induced protein kinase and accumulation of jasmonic acid in Nicotiana attenuata. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 14:326. [PMID: 25430398 PMCID: PMC4263023 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-014-0326-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Herbivory induces the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), the accumulation of jasmonates and defensive metabolites in damaged leaves and in distal undamaged leaves. Previous studies mainly focused on individual responses and a limited number of systemic leaves, and more research is needed for a better understanding of how different plant parts respond to herbivory. In the wild tobacco Nicotiana attenuata, FACs (fatty acid-amino acid conjugates) in Manduca sexta oral secretions (OS) are the major elicitors that induce herbivory-specific signaling but their role in systemic signaling is largely unknown. RESULTS Here, we show that simulated herbivory (adding M. sexta OS to fresh wounds) dramatically increased SIPK (salicylic acid-induced protein kinase) activity and jasmonic acid (JA) levels in damaged leaves and in certain (but not all) undamaged systemic leaves, whereas wounding alone had no detectable systemic effects; importantly, FACs and wounding are both required for activating these systemic responses. In contrast to the activation of SIPK and elevation of JA in specific systemic leaves, increases in the activity of an important anti-herbivore defense, trypsin proteinase inhibitor (TPI), were observed in all systemic leaves after simulated herbivory, suggesting that systemic TPI induction does not require SIPK activation and JA increases. Leaf ablation experiments demonstrated that within 10 minutes after simulated herbivory, a signal (or signals) was produced and transported out of the treated leaves, and subsequently activated systemic responses. CONCLUSIONS Our results reveal that N. attenuata specifically recognizes herbivore-derived FACs in damaged leaves and rapidly send out a long-distance signal to phylotactically connected leaves to activate MAPK and JA signaling, and we propose that FACs that penetrated into wounds rapidly induce the production of another long-distance signal(s) which travels to all systemic leaves and activates TPI defense.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Heinrich
- />Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knoell Str. 8, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Ian T Baldwin
- />Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knoell Str. 8, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Jianqiang Wu
- />Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650201 Kunming, China
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22
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Xu J, Yang KY, Yoo SJ, Liu Y, Ren D, Zhang S. Reactive oxygen species in signalling the transcriptional activation of WIPK expression in tobacco. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2014; 37:1614-25. [PMID: 24392654 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Revised: 12/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/27/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Plant mitogen-activated protein kinases represented by tobacco WIPK (wounding-induced protein kinase) and its orthologs in other species are unique in their regulation at transcriptional level in response to stress and pathogen infection. We previously demonstrated that transcriptional activation of WIPK is essential for induced WIPK activity, and activation of salicylic acid-induced protein kinase (SIPK) by the constitutively active NtMEK2(DD) is sufficient to induce WIPK gene expression. Here, we report that the effect of SIPK on WIPK gene expression is mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Using a combination of pharmacological and gain-of-function transgenic approaches, we studied the relationship among SIPK activation, WIPK gene activation in response to fungal cryptogein, light-dependent ROS generation in chloroplasts, and ROS generated via NADPH oxidase. In the conditional gain-of-function GVG-NtMEK2(DD) transgenic tobacco, induction of WIPK expression is dependent on the ROS generation in chloroplasts. Consistently, methyl viologen, an inducer of ROS generation in chloroplasts, highly activated WIPK expression. In addition to chloroplast-originated ROS, H(2)O(2) generated from the cell-surface NADPH oxidase could also activate WIPK gene expression, and inhibition of cryptogein-induced ROS generation also abolished WIPK gene activation. Our data demonstrate that WIPK gene activation is mediated by ROS, which provides a mechanism by which ROS influence cellular signalling processes in plant stress/defence response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China
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23
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Zhang J, Zou D, Li Y, Sun X, Wang NN, Gong SY, Zheng Y, Li XB. GhMPK17, a cotton mitogen-activated protein kinase, is involved in plant response to high salinity and osmotic stresses and ABA signaling. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95642. [PMID: 24743296 PMCID: PMC3990703 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades play pivotal roles in mediating biotic and abiotic stress responses. Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) is the most important textile crop in the world, and often encounters abiotic stress during its growth seasons. In this study, a gene encoding a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) was isolated from cotton, and designated as GhMPK17. The open reading frame (ORF) of GhMPK17 gene is 1494 bp in length and encodes a protein with 497 amino acids. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis indicated that GhMPK17 expression was up-regulated in cotton under NaCl, mannitol and ABA treatments. The transgenic Arabidopsis plants expressing GhMPK17 gene showed higher seed germination, root elongation and cotyledon greening/expansion rates than those of the wild type on MS medium containing NaCl, mannitol and exogenous ABA, suggesting that overexpression of GhMPK17 in Arabidopsis increased plant ABA-insensitivity, and enhanced plant tolerance to salt and osmotic stresses. Furthermore, overexpression of GhMPK17 in Arabidopsis reduced H2O2 level and altered expression of ABA- and abiotic stress-related genes in the transgenic plants. Collectively, these data suggested that GhMPK17 gene may be involved in plant response to high salinity and osmotic stresses and ABA signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dan Zou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiang Sun
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Na-Na Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Si-Ying Gong
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong Zheng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xue-Bao Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
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24
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Bonaventure G. Lipases and the biosynthesis of free oxylipins in plants. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2014; 9:e28429. [PMID: 24603593 PMCID: PMC4091546 DOI: 10.4161/psb.28429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The production of free oxylipins in plants is exquisitely controlled by cellular mechanisms that respond to environmental factors such as mechanical damage, insect herbivory and pathogen infection. One of the main targets of these cellular mechanisms are glycerolipases class A (GLA); acyl-hydrolyzing enzymes that upon their biochemical activation release unsaturated fatty acids or acylated oxylipins from glycerolipids. Recent studies performed in the wild tobacco species Nicotiana attenuata have started to reveal the complexity and specificity of GLA-regulated free oxylipin production. I present a model in which individual GLA lipases associate with individual lipoxygenases (LOX) in chloroplast membranes and envelope to define the initial committed steps of distinct oxylipin biosynthesis pathways. The unravelling of the mechanisms that activate GLAs and LOXs at the biochemical level and that control the interaction between these enzymes and their association with membranes will prove to be fundamental to understand how plants control free oxylipin biogenesis.
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25
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Yan L, Zhai Q, Wei J, Li S, Wang B, Huang T, Du M, Sun J, Kang L, Li CB, Li C. Role of tomato lipoxygenase D in wound-induced jasmonate biosynthesis and plant immunity to insect herbivores. PLoS Genet 2013; 9:e1003964. [PMID: 24348260 PMCID: PMC3861047 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In response to insect attack and mechanical wounding, plants activate the expression of genes involved in various defense-related processes. A fascinating feature of these inducible defenses is their occurrence both locally at the wounding site and systemically in undamaged leaves throughout the plant. Wound-inducible proteinase inhibitors (PIs) in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) provide an attractive model to understand the signal transduction events leading from localized injury to the systemic expression of defense-related genes. Among the identified intercellular molecules in regulating systemic wound response of tomato are the peptide signal systemin and the oxylipin signal jasmonic acid (JA). The systemin/JA signaling pathway provides a unique opportunity to investigate, in a single experimental system, the mechanism by which peptide and oxylipin signals interact to coordinate plant systemic immunity. Here we describe the characterization of the tomato suppressor of prosystemin-mediated responses8 (spr8) mutant, which was isolated as a suppressor of (pro)systemin-mediated signaling. spr8 plants exhibit a series of JA-dependent immune deficiencies, including the inability to express wound-responsive genes, abnormal development of glandular trichomes, and severely compromised resistance to cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera) and Botrytis cinerea. Map-based cloning studies demonstrate that the spr8 mutant phenotype results from a point mutation in the catalytic domain of TomLoxD, a chloroplast-localized lipoxygenase involved in JA biosynthesis. We present evidence that overexpression of TomLoxD leads to elevated wound-induced JA biosynthesis, increased expression of wound-responsive genes and, therefore, enhanced resistance to insect herbivory attack and necrotrophic pathogen infection. These results indicate that TomLoxD is involved in wound-induced JA biosynthesis and highlight the application potential of this gene for crop protection against insects and pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuhua Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qingzhe Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianing Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects & Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Huang
- Institute of Vegetable, Qingdao Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Minmin Du
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaqiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Le Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects & Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chang-Bao Li
- Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanyou Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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26
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Oka K, Amano Y, Katou S, Seo S, Kawazu K, Mochizuki A, Kuchitsu K, Mitsuhara I. Tobacco MAP kinase phosphatase (NtMKP1) negatively regulates wound response and induced resistance against necrotrophic pathogens and lepidopteran herbivores. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2013; 26:668-75. [PMID: 23425101 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-11-12-0272-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are universal signal transduction pathways in eukaryotic cells. In tobacco, two MAPK, wound-induced protein kinase (WIPK) and salicylic acid (SA)-induced protein kinase (SIPK), are activated by biotic and abiotic stresses. Both WIPK and SIPK positively regulate the biosynthesis of jasmonic acid (JA) or ethylene (ET) while negatively regulating SA accumulation. We showed previously that recombinant tobacco MAPK phosphatase (NtMKP1) protein dephosphorylates and inactivates SIPK in vitro, and overexpression of NtMKP1 repressed wound-induced activation of both SIPK and WIPK. To elucidate the role of NtMKP1 in response to biotic and abiotic stresses, we generated transgenic tobacco plants in which NtMKP1 expression was suppressed. Suppression of NtMKP1 expression resulted in enhanced activation of WIPK and SIPK and production of both JA and ET upon wounding. Wound-induced expression of JA- or ET-inducible genes, basic PR-1 and PI-II, was also significantly enhanced in these plants. Furthermore, NtMKP1-suppressed plants exhibited enhanced resistance against a necrotrophic pathogen, Botrytis cinerea, and lepidopteran herbivores, Mamestra brassicae and Spodoptera litura. These results suggest that NtMKP1 negatively regulates wound response and resistance against both necrotrophic pathogens and herbivorous insects through suppression of JA or ET pathways via inactivation of MAPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumiko Oka
- National Institute of Agrobiological Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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27
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Fürstenberg-Hägg J, Zagrobelny M, Bak S. Plant defense against insect herbivores. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:10242-97. [PMID: 23681010 PMCID: PMC3676838 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140510242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 373] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Revised: 04/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants have been interacting with insects for several hundred million years, leading to complex defense approaches against various insect feeding strategies. Some defenses are constitutive while others are induced, although the insecticidal defense compound or protein classes are often similar. Insect herbivory induce several internal signals from the wounded tissues, including calcium ion fluxes, phosphorylation cascades and systemic- and jasmonate signaling. These are perceived in undamaged tissues, which thereafter reinforce their defense by producing different, mostly low molecular weight, defense compounds. These bioactive specialized plant defense compounds may repel or intoxicate insects, while defense proteins often interfere with their digestion. Volatiles are released upon herbivory to repel herbivores, attract predators or for communication between leaves or plants, and to induce defense responses. Plants also apply morphological features like waxes, trichomes and latices to make the feeding more difficult for the insects. Extrafloral nectar, food bodies and nesting or refuge sites are produced to accommodate and feed the predators of the herbivores. Meanwhile, herbivorous insects have adapted to resist plant defenses, and in some cases even sequester the compounds and reuse them in their own defense. Both plant defense and insect adaptation involve metabolic costs, so most plant-insect interactions reach a stand-off, where both host and herbivore survive although their development is suboptimal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Fürstenberg-Hägg
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory and VKR Research Centre ‘Pro-Active Plants’, Department of Plant and Environmental Science, University of Copenhagen, 40 Thorvaldsensvej, Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen DK-1871, Denmark; E-Mails: (J.F.-H.); (M.Z.)
| | - Mika Zagrobelny
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory and VKR Research Centre ‘Pro-Active Plants’, Department of Plant and Environmental Science, University of Copenhagen, 40 Thorvaldsensvej, Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen DK-1871, Denmark; E-Mails: (J.F.-H.); (M.Z.)
| | - Søren Bak
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory and VKR Research Centre ‘Pro-Active Plants’, Department of Plant and Environmental Science, University of Copenhagen, 40 Thorvaldsensvej, Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen DK-1871, Denmark; E-Mails: (J.F.-H.); (M.Z.)
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28
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Zhang X, Cheng T, Wang G, Yan Y, Xia Q. Cloning and evolutionary analysis of tobacco MAPK gene family. Mol Biol Rep 2013; 40:1407-15. [PMID: 23079708 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-2184-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase cascade is an important signaling module which is involved in biotic and abiotic stress responses as well as plant growth and development. In this study, we identified 17 tobacco MAPKs including 11 novel tobacco MAPK genes that have not been identified before. Comparative analysis with MAPK gene families from other plants, such as Athaliana thaliana, rice and poplar, suggested that tobacco MAPKs (such as NtMPK1, NtMPK3 and NtMPK8) might play similar functions in response to abiotic and biotic stresses. QRT-PCR analysis revealed that a total of 14 NtMPKs were regulated by SA and/or MeJA, suggesting their potential roles involved in plant defense response. In addition, 6 NtMPKs were induced by drought treatment, implying their roles in response to drought stress. Our results indicated that most of tobacco MAPK might be involved in plant defense response, which provides the basis for further analysis on physiological functions of tobacco MAPKs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingtan Zhang
- The Institute of Agricultural and Life Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
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29
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Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are highly conserved signaling modules downstream of receptors/sensors that transduce extracellular stimuli into intracellular responses in eukaryotes. Plant MAPK cascades play pivotal roles in signaling plant defense against pathogen attack. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the identification of upstream receptors/sensors and downstream MAPK substrates. These findings revealed the molecular mechanisms underlying MAPK functions in plant disease resistance. MAPK cascades have also emerged as battlegrounds of plant-pathogen interactions. Activation of MAPKs is one of the earliest signaling events after plant sensing of pathogen/microbe-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs/MAMPs) and pathogen effectors. MAPK cascades are involved in signaling multiple defense responses, including the biosynthesis/signaling of plant stress/defense hormones, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, stomatal closure, defense gene activation, phytoalexin biosynthesis, cell wall strengthening, and hypersensitive response (HR) cell death. Pathogens, however, employ effectors to suppress plant MAPK activation and downstream defense responses to promote pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangzong Meng
- Division of Biochemistry, Interdisciplinary Plant Group, Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA.
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30
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Delano-Frier JP, Pearce G, Huffaker A, Stratmann JW. Systemic Wound Signaling in Plants. LONG-DISTANCE SYSTEMIC SIGNALING AND COMMUNICATION IN PLANTS 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-36470-9_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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31
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Kulye M, Liu H, Zhang Y, Zeng H, Yang X, Qiu D. Hrip1, a novel protein elicitor from necrotrophic fungus, Alternaria tenuissima, elicits cell death, expression of defence-related genes and systemic acquired resistance in tobacco. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2012; 35:2104-20. [PMID: 22591019 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2012.02539.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Here, we report the identification, purification, characterization and gene cloning of a novel hypersensitive response inducing protein secreted by necrotrophic fungus, Alternaria tenuissima, designated as hypersensitive response inducing protein 1 (Hrip1). The protein caused the formation of necrotic lesions that mimic a typical hypersensitive response and apoptosis-related events including DNA laddering. The protein-encoding gene was cloned by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) method. The sequence analysis revealed that the cDNA is 495 bp in length and the open reading frame (ORF) encodes for a polypeptide of 163 amino acids with theoretical pI of 5.50 and molecular weight of 17 562.5 Da. Hrip1 induced calcium influx, medium alkalinization, activation of salicylic acid-induced protein kinase and several defence-related genes after infiltration in tobacco leaves. Cellular damage, restricted to the infiltrated zone, occurred only several hours later, at a time when expression of defence-related genes was activated. After several days, systemic acquired resistance was also induced. The tobacco plant cells that perceived the Hrip1 generated a cascade of signals acting at local, short, and long distances, and caused the coordinated expression of specific defence responses in a way similar to hypersensitivity to tobacco mosaic virus. Thus, Hrip1 represents a powerful tool to investigate further the signals and their transduction pathways involved in induced disease resistance in necrotrophic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Kulye
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, China.
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32
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Abstract
The recognition of phytophagous insects by plants induces a set of very specific responses aimed at deterring tissue consumption and reprogramming metabolism and development of the plant to tolerate the herbivore. The recognition of insects by plants requires the plant's ability to perceive chemical cues generated by the insects and to distinguish a particular pattern of tissue disruption. Relatively little is known about the molecular basis of insect perception by plants and the signalling mechanisms directly associated with this perception. Importantly, the insect feeding behaviour (piercing-sucking versus chewing) is a decisive determinant of the plant's defence response, and the mechanisms used to perceive insects from different feeding guilds may be distinct. During insect feeding, components of the saliva of chewing or piercing-sucking insects come into contact with plant cells, and elicitors or effectors present in this insect-derived fluid are perceived by plant cells to initiate the activation of specific signalling cascades. Although receptor-ligand interactions controlling insect perception have yet not been molecularly described, a significant number of regulatory components acting downstream of receptors and involved in the activation of defence responses against insects has been reported. Some of these regulators mediate changes in the phytohormone network, while others directly control gene expression or the redox state of the cell. These processes are central in the orchestration of plant defence responses against insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Bonaventure
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute of Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany.
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33
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Raina SK, Wankhede DP, Jaggi M, Singh P, Jalmi SK, Raghuram B, Sheikh AH, Sinha AK. CrMPK3, a mitogen activated protein kinase from Catharanthus roseus and its possible role in stress induced biosynthesis of monoterpenoid indole alkaloids. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2012; 12:134. [PMID: 22871174 PMCID: PMC3487899 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-12-134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade is an important signaling cascade that operates in stress signal transduction in plants. The biologically active monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (MIA) produced in Catharanthus roseus are known to be induced under several abiotic stress conditions such as wounding, UV-B etc. However involvement of any signaling component in the accumulation of MIAs remains poorly investigated so far. Here we report isolation of a novel abiotic stress inducible Catharanthus roseus MAPK, CrMPK3 that may have role in accumulation of MIAs in response to abiotic stress. RESULTS CrMPK3 expressed in bacterial system is an active kinase as it showed auto-phosphorylation and phosphorylation of Myelin Basic Protein. CrMPK3 though localized in cytoplasm, moves to nucleus upon wounding. Wounding, UV treatment and MeJA application on C. roseus leaves resulted in the transcript accumulation of CrMPK3 as well as activation of MAPK in C. roseus leaves. Immuno-precipitation followed by immunoblot analysis revealed that wounding, UV treatment and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) activate CrMPK3. Transient over-expression of CrMPK3 in C. roseus leaf tissue showed enhanced expression of key MIA biosynthesis pathway genes and also accumulation of specific MIAs. CONCLUSION Results from our study suggest a possible involvement of CrMPK3 in abiotic stress signal transduction towards regulation of transcripts of key MIA biosynthetic pathway genes, regulators and accumulation of major MIAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susheel Kumar Raina
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), Aruna Asaf Ali Road, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | | | - Monika Jaggi
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), Aruna Asaf Ali Road, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Pallavi Singh
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), Aruna Asaf Ali Road, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Siddhi Kashinath Jalmi
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), Aruna Asaf Ali Road, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Badmi Raghuram
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), Aruna Asaf Ali Road, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Arsheed Hussain Sheikh
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), Aruna Asaf Ali Road, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Alok Krishna Sinha
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), Aruna Asaf Ali Road, New Delhi, 110067, India
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34
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Yang DH, Hettenhausen C, Baldwin IT, Wu J. Silencing Nicotiana attenuata calcium-dependent protein kinases, CDPK4 and CDPK5, strongly up-regulates wound- and herbivory-induced jasmonic acid accumulations. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 159:1591-607. [PMID: 22715110 PMCID: PMC3425199 DOI: 10.1104/pp.112.199018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2012] [Accepted: 06/14/2012] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The plant hormone jasmonic acid (JA) plays a pivotal role in plant-insect interactions. Herbivore attack usually elicits dramatic increases in JA concentrations, which in turn activate the accumulation of metabolites that function as defenses against herbivores. Although almost all enzymes involved in the biosynthesis pathway of JA have been identified and characterized, the mechanism by which plants regulate JA biosynthesis remains unclear. Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) are plant-specific proteins that sense changes in [Ca(2+)] to activate downstream responses. We created transgenic Nicotiana attenuata plants, in which two CDPKs, NaCDPK4 and NaCDPK5, were simultaneously silenced (IRcdpk4/5 plants). IRcdpk4/5 plants were stunted and aborted most of their flower primordia. Importantly, after wounding or simulated herbivory, IRcdpk4/5 plants accumulated exceptionally high JA levels. When NaCDPK4 and NaCDPK5 were silenced individually, neither stunted growth nor high JA levels were observed, suggesting that NaCDPK4 and NaCDPK5 have redundant roles. Attack from Manduca sexta larvae on IRcdpk4/5 plants induced high levels of defense metabolites that slowed M. sexta growth. We found that NaCDPK4 and NaCDPK5 affect plant resistance against insects in a JA- and JA-signaling-dependent manner. Furthermore, IRcdpk4/5 plants showed overactivation of salicylic-acid-induced protein kinase, a mitogen-activated protein kinase involved in various stress responses, and genetic analysis indicated that the increased salicylic-acid-induced protein kinase activity in IRcdpk4/5 plants was a consequence of the exceptionally high JA levels and was dependent on CORONATINE INSENSITIVE1. This work reveals the critical roles of CDPKs in modulating JA homeostasis and highlights the complex duet between JA and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ian T. Baldwin
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany
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Biochemical identification of the OsMKK6-OsMPK3 signalling pathway for chilling stress tolerance in rice. Biochem J 2012; 443:95-102. [PMID: 22248149 DOI: 10.1042/bj20111792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) pathways have been implicated in stress signalling in plants. In the present study, we performed yeast two-hybrid screening to identify partner MAPKs for OsMKK (Oryza sativa MAPK kinase) 6, a rice MAPK kinase, and revealed specific interactions of OsMKK6 with OsMPK3 and OsMPK6. OsMPK3 and OsMPK6 each co-immunoprecipitated OsMKK6, and both were directly phosphorylated by OsMKK6 in vitro. An MBP (myelin basic protein) kinase assay of the immunoprecipitation complex indicated that OsMPK3 and OsMPK6 were activated in response to a moderately low temperature (12°C), but not a severely low temperature (4°C) in rice seedlings. A constitutively active form of OsMKK6, OsMKK6DD, showed elevated phosphorylation activity against OsMPK3 and OsMPK6 in vitro. OsMPK3, but not OsMPK6, was constitutively activated in transgenic plants overexpressing OsMKK6DD, indicating that OsMPK3 is an in vivo target of OsMKK6. Enhanced chilling tolerance was observed in the transgenic plants overexpressing OsMKK6DD. Taken together, our data suggest that OsMKK6 and OsMPK3 constitute a moderately low-temperature signalling pathway and regulate cold stress tolerance in rice.
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36
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Pan J, Zhang M, Kong X, Xing X, Liu Y, Zhou Y, Liu Y, Sun L, Li D. ZmMPK17, a novel maize group D MAP kinase gene, is involved in multiple stress responses. PLANTA 2012; 235:661-76. [PMID: 22006107 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-011-1510-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2011] [Accepted: 08/19/2011] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plant mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades play a pivotal role in a range of biotic and abiotic stress responses. In this study, we isolated a novel group D MAPK gene, ZmMPK17, from maize (Zea mays L.). ZmMPK17 is localized mainly to the nucleus and its C-terminal domain extension is believed to be essential for this. Northern-blot analysis indicated that ZmMPK17 transcription is involved in response to exogenous signaling molecules such as abscisic acid, hydrogen peroxide, salicylic acid, jasmonic acid and ethylene and induced by low temperature and osmotic stress. Hydrogen peroxide and Ca²⁺ mediate PEG-induced downregulation of ZmMPK17 at transcription level and Ca²⁺ also mediates low temperature-induced expression of ZmMPK17. Overexpression of ZmMPK17 in tobacco (Nicotonia tobaccum) accumulated less reactive oxygen species under osmotic stress by affecting antioxidant defense systems. Transgenic tobacco exhibited enhanced tolerance to cold by means of an increased germination rate, and increased proline and soluble sugar levels relative to control plants. The transcription levels of NtERD10 genes were higher in ZmMPK17-overexpressing lines than in control plants under cold and osmotic stress conditions. ZmMPK17-overexpressing plants displayed enhanced resistance to viral pathogens, and the expression of the pathogenesis-related gene PR1a was significantly increased, indicating that ZmMPK17 might be involved in SA-mediated pathogen defense-signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaowen Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Dai Zong Street, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China
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37
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Signal convergence through the lenses of MAP kinases: paradigms of stress and hormone signaling in plants. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11515-012-1207-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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38
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Gilardoni PA, Hettenhausen C, Baldwin IT, Bonaventure G. Nicotiana attenuata LECTIN RECEPTOR KINASE1 suppresses the insect-mediated inhibition of induced defense responses during Manduca sexta herbivory. THE PLANT CELL 2011; 23:3512-32. [PMID: 21926334 PMCID: PMC3203443 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.111.088229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2011] [Revised: 08/29/2011] [Accepted: 09/05/2011] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Nicotiana attenuata has the capacity to respond specifically to herbivory by its natural herbivore, Manduca sexta, through the perception of elicitors in larval oral secretions. We demonstrate that Lectin receptor kinase 1 (LecRK1) functions during M. sexta herbivory to suppress the insect-mediated inhibition of jasmonic acid (JA)-induced defense responses. Gene function analysis performed by reducing LecRK1 expression in N. attenuata by both virus-induced gene silencing and inverted repeated RNA interference (ir-lecRK1 plants) revealed that LecRK1 was essential to mount a full defense response against M. sexta folivory; larvae growing on ir-lecRK1 plants were 40 to 100% larger than those growing on wild-type plants. The insect-induced accumulation of nicotine, diterpene-glucosides, and trypsin protease inhibitors, as well as the expression of Thr deaminase, was severalfold reduced in ir-lecRK1 plants compared with the wild type. The accumulation of JA and JA-Ile was unaffected during herbivory in ir-lecRK1 plants; however, salicylic acid (SA) accumulation was increased by twofold. The expression of nahG in ir-lecRK1 plants prevented the increased accumulation of SA and restored the defense response against M. sexta herbivory. The results suggest that LecRK1 inhibits the accumulation of SA during herbivory, although other mechanisms may also be affected.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Gustavo Bonaventure
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute of Chemical Ecology, D-07745 Jena, Germany
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39
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Francia D, Chiltz A, Lo Schiavo F, Pugin A, Bonfante P, Cardinale F. AM fungal exudates activate MAP kinases in plant cells in dependence from cytosolic Ca(2+) increase. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2011; 49:963-9. [PMID: 21561784 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2011.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2011] [Accepted: 04/18/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The molecular dialogue occurring prior to direct contact between the fungal and plant partners of arbuscular-mycorrhizal (AM) symbioses begins with the release of fungal elicitors, so far only partially identified chemically, which can activate specific signaling pathways in the host plant. We show here that the activation of MAPK is also induced by exudates of germinating spores of Gigaspora margarita in cultured cells of the non-leguminous species tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), as well as in those of the model legume Lotus japonicus. MAPK activity peaked about 15 min after the exposure of the host cells to the fungal exudates (FE). FE were also responsible for a rapid and transient increase in free cytosolic Ca(2+) in Nicotiana plumbaginifolia and tobacco cells, and pre-treatment with a Ca(2+)-channel blocker (La(3+)) showed that in these cells, MAPK activation was dependent on the cytosolic Ca(2+) increase. A partial dependence of MAPK activity on the common Sym pathway could be demonstrated for a cell line of L. japonicus defective for LjSym4 and hence unable to establish an AM symbiosis. Our results show that MAPK activation is triggered by an FE-induced cytosolic Ca(2+) transient, and that a Sym genetic determinant acts to modulate the intensity and duration of this activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doriana Francia
- DiVaPRA, Patologia Vegetale, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via L. da Vinci, 44, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy
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40
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Camacho-Cristóbal JJ, Rexach J, Herrera-Rodríguez MB, Navarro-Gochicoa MT, González-Fontes A. Boron deficiency and transcript level changes. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2011; 181:85-9. [PMID: 21683871 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2011.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2011] [Revised: 05/03/2011] [Accepted: 05/04/2011] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Boron (B) is an essential element for plant growth whose deficiency causes an alteration in the expression of a wide range of genes involved in several physiological processes. However, our understanding of the signal transduction pathways that trigger the B-deficiency responses in plants is still poor. The aims of this review are (i) to summarize the genes whose transcript levels are affected by B deficiency and (ii) to provide an update on recent findings that could help to understand how the signal(s) triggered by B deficiency is transferred to the nucleus to modulate gene expression. In this contribution we review the effects of B deficiency on the transcript level of genes related to B uptake and translocation, maintenance of cell wall and membrane function, nitrogen assimilation and stress response. In addition, we discuss the possible mediation of calcium, arabinogalactan-proteins and other cis-diol containing compounds in the signaling mechanisms that transfer the signal of B deficiency to nuclei. Finally, we conclude that the advance in the knowledge of the molecular basis of B deficiency response in plants will allow improving the tolerance of crops to B deficiency stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan J Camacho-Cristóbal
- Departamento de Fisiología, Anatomía y Biología Celular, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, E-41013 Sevilla, Spain.
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41
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Wegener CB, Jansen G. Antioxidant capacity in cultivated and wild Solanum species: the effect of wound stress. Food Funct 2011; 1:209-18. [PMID: 21776472 DOI: 10.1039/c0fo00063a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Wild potatoes are of increasing interest as a gene pool in breeding. In this study, 23 genotypes of two cultivated (S. tuberosum subsp. andigena, S. phureja) and two wild Solanum species (S. chacoense, S. pinnatisectum) were evaluated for contents of soluble phenols and soluble proteins as well as their antioxidant capacity measured as ascorbic acid and trolox equivalent. Amounts of phenols present in tuber tissue ranged from 0.25 to 2.84 mg kg(-1) fw. On average, S. pinnatisectum (pnt) exhibited 3.9-fold greater quantities of phenols in its tuber tissue than the other Solanum species. In pnt tissue, high phenol content coincided with high levels of soluble proteins and antioxidants. It is concluded that an involvement of individual accessions of pnt in breeding could be profitable for the antioxidant potential and thus for the nutritional value of new potato cultivars. The results also revealed that soluble phenols as well as proteins present in tuber tissue substantially contributed to the total antioxidant capacity of potatoes. Moreover, it was found that quantities of soluble phenols, proteins and antioxidants increased notably upon wounding the tubers, a fact which underlines the role of all these components in wound stress responses of potatoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina B Wegener
- Julius Kuehn Institute, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Resistance Research and Stress Tolerance, Experimental Station for Potato Research, Rudolf-Schick-Platz 3, OT Groß Lüsewitz, D-18190 Sanitz, Germany.
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42
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Bonaventure G, Baldwin IT. Transduction of wound and herbivory signals in plastids. Commun Integr Biol 2011; 3:313-7. [PMID: 20798815 DOI: 10.4161/cib.3.4.11834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2010] [Revised: 03/19/2010] [Accepted: 03/21/2010] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Plastids are the central orchestrators of the early and late responses to wounding and herbivory in plants. This organelle houses some of the most important enzymes involved in the biogenesis of intra and extracellular signals that mediate defense responses against these stresses. Among these enzymes are the ones initiating the biosynthesis of oxylipins [e.g., jasmonic acid (JA) and C(6) volatiles], terpenoid volatiles and phenolic compounds, including both volatile [e.g., methylsalicylate (MeSA)] and non-volatile compounds [e.g., salicylic acid (SA)]. Plastids also play a major role in orchestrating changes in primary metabolism during herbivory and thereby in the reallocation of carbon and nitrogen to different functions in response to herbivory. How the primary stress signals generated by mechanical damage and herbivory reach the plastid to activate the rapid synthesis of these signal molecules is at present largely unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Bonaventure
- Department of Molecular Ecology; Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology; Jena, Germany
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43
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Arimura GI, Ozawa R, Maffei ME. Recent advances in plant early signaling in response to herbivory. Int J Mol Sci 2011; 12:3723-39. [PMID: 21747702 PMCID: PMC3131586 DOI: 10.3390/ijms12063723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2011] [Revised: 05/17/2011] [Accepted: 05/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants are frequently attacked by herbivores and pathogens and therefore have acquired constitutive and induced defenses during the course of their evolution. Here we review recent progress in the study of the early signal transduction pathways in host plants in response to herbivory. The sophisticated signaling network for plant defense responses is elicited and driven by both herbivore-induced factors (e.g., elicitors, effectors, and wounding) and plant signaling (e.g., phytohormone and plant volatiles) in response to arthropod factors. We describe significant findings, illuminating the scenario by providing broad insights into plant signaling involved in several arthropod-host interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gen-Ichiro Arimura
- Global COE Program: Evolution and Biodiversity, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Otsu 520-2113, Japan; E-Mail:
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +81-77-549-8258; Fax: +81-77-549-8258
| | - Rika Ozawa
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Otsu 520-2113, Japan; E-Mail:
| | - Massimo E. Maffei
- Plant Physiology Unit, Department of Plant Biology and Innovation Centre, University of Turin, 10135 Turin, Italy; E-Mail:
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44
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Bonaventure G, VanDoorn A, Baldwin IT. Herbivore-associated elicitors: FAC signaling and metabolism. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2011; 16:294-9. [PMID: 21354852 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2011.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2010] [Revised: 12/13/2010] [Accepted: 01/31/2011] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The recognition of insect and pathogen attack requires the plant's ability to perceive chemical cues generated by the attacker. In contrast to the recognition of microbe-associated molecular patterns and effectors, little is known about the molecular recognition of herbivore-associated elicitors (HAEs) and the signaling mechanisms operating in plants after their perception. HAE perception depends strongly on the natural history of both plants and insects and it is therefore expected that many of the responses induced by different HAEs are specific to the species involved in the interaction. The interaction between Nicotiana attenuata and the specialist lepidopteran Manduca sexta presents a relevant biological system to understand HAE perception and signal transduction systems in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Bonaventure
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department of Molecular Ecology, Hans-Knoell-Str. 8, D-07745 Jena, Germany.
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45
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Ferry N, Stavroulakis S, Guan W, Davison GM, Bell HA, Weaver RJ, Down RE, Gatehouse JA, Gatehouse AMR. Molecular interactions between wheat and cereal aphid (Sitobion avenae): analysis of changes to the wheat proteome. Proteomics 2011; 11:1985-2002. [PMID: 21500340 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200900801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2009] [Revised: 01/28/2011] [Accepted: 02/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Aphids are major insect pests of cereal crops, acting as virus vectors as well as causing direct damage. The responses of wheat to infestation by cereal aphid (Sitobion avenae) were investigated in a proteomic analysis. Approximately, 500 protein spots were reproducibly detected in the extracts from leaves of wheat seedlings after extraction and 2-DE. Sixty-seven spots differed significantly between control and infested plants following 24 h of aphid feeding, with 27 and 11 up-regulated, and 8 and 21 down-regulated, in local or systemic tissues, respectively. After 8 days, 80 protein spots differed significantly between control and aphid treatments with 13 and 18 up-regulated and 27 and 22 down-regulated in local or systemic tissues, respectively. As positive controls, plants were treated with salicylic acid or methyl jasmonate; 81 and 37 differentially expressed protein spots, respectively, were identified for these treatments. Approximately, 50% of differentially expressed protein spots were identified by PMF, revealing that the majority of proteins altered by aphid infestation were involved in metabolic processes and photosynthesis. Other proteins identified were involved in signal transduction, stress and defence, antioxidant activity, regulatory processes, and hormone responses. Responses to aphid attack at the proteome level were broadly similar to basal non-specific defence and stress responses in wheat, with evidence of down-regulation of insect-specific defence mechanisms, in agreement with the observed lack of aphid resistance in commercial wheat lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Ferry
- School of Environment and Life Science, Salford University, Salford, UK
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46
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Plant mitogen-activated protein kinases and their roles in mediation of signal transduction in abiotic stresses. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11703-011-1072-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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47
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Wu T, Kong XP, Zong XJ, Li DP, Li DQ. Expression analysis of five maize MAP kinase genes in response to various abiotic stresses and signal molecules. Mol Biol Rep 2010; 38:3967-75. [PMID: 21120617 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-010-0514-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2010] [Accepted: 11/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are universal signal transduction modules in eukaryotes. Plant MAPK cascades are complicated networks and play vital roles in signal transduction induced by biotic and abiotic stresses. In this paper, expression patterns of MAPKs in maize roots treated with low-temperature, osmotic stresses, wounding, plant hormones and UV-C irradiation were investigated. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR reveals that the expression of MAPKs in maize roots which treated with low-temperature in light or in low light are inducible. The expression patterns of MAPKs in maize roots with treatments of CaCl2, SA, GA and wounding are approximately the same. A detailed time course experiment shows that the expression patterns of ZmSIMK are different with treatments of PEG and NaCl, respectively. These results suggest that the expression patterns of MAPKs are complicated and the signal pathways are interlaced into a network in maize roots.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Chromosomes, Plant/genetics
- Enzyme Activation/drug effects
- Enzyme Activation/radiation effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic/radiation effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Plant/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Plant/radiation effects
- Genes, Plant/genetics
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/chemistry
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/genetics
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Osmotic Pressure/drug effects
- Osmotic Pressure/radiation effects
- Phylogeny
- Plant Growth Regulators/pharmacology
- Plant Roots/drug effects
- Plant Roots/enzymology
- Plant Roots/genetics
- Polyethylene Glycols/pharmacology
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Sequence Alignment
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Signal Transduction/radiation effects
- Sodium Chloride/pharmacology
- Stress, Physiological/drug effects
- Stress, Physiological/genetics
- Stress, Physiological/radiation effects
- Temperature
- Ultraviolet Rays
- Zea mays/drug effects
- Zea mays/enzymology
- Zea mays/genetics
- Zea mays/radiation effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong street, Taian, 271018, Shandong, People's Republic of China
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48
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Shen X, Yuan B, Liu H, Li X, Xu C, Wang S. Opposite functions of a rice mitogen-activated protein kinase during the process of resistance against Xanthomonas oryzae. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2010; 64:86-99. [PMID: 20663089 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2010.04306.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The pathogen-induced plant defense signaling network consists of multiple components, although only some of them are characterized. Most of the known components function either as activators or repressors in host-pathogen interactions. Here we report that a mitogen-activated protein kinase, OsMPK6, functions both as an activator and a repressor in rice resistance against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), the causal organism of bacterial blight disease. Activation of OsMPK6 resulted in the formation of lesion mimics and local resistance to Xoo, accompanied by the accumulation of salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA), and the induced expression of SA- and JA-signaling genes. Nuclear localization of OsMPK6 was essential for local resistance, suggesting that modulating the expression of defense-responsive genes through transcription regulators may be the primary mechanism of OsMPK6-mediated local resistance. The knock-out of OsMPK6 resulted in enhanced Xoo resistance, increased accumulation of SA and enhanced resistance to X. oryzae pv. oryzicola, the causal organism of bacterial streak disease, in systemic tissues. Xoo infection induced the expression of PR1a, the marker gene of systemic acquired resistance (SAR), in systemic health tissues of OsMPK6-knock-out plants. These results suggest that OsMPK6 negatively regulates SAR. Thus OsMPK6 is a two-faced player in the rice-Xoo interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangling Shen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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49
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Kobayashi M, Seo S, Hirai K, Yamamoto-Katou A, Katou S, Seto H, Meshi T, Mitsuhara I, Ohashi Y. Silencing of WIPK and SIPK mitogen-activated protein kinases reduces tobacco mosaic virus accumulation but permits systemic viral movement in tobacco possessing the N resistance gene. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2010; 23:1032-41. [PMID: 20615114 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-23-8-1032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Infection of tobacco cultivars possessing the N resistance gene with Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) results in confinement of the virus by necrotic lesions at the infection site. Although the mitogen-activated protein kinases WIPK and SIPK have been implicated in TMV resistance, evidence linking them directly to disease resistance is, as yet, insufficient. Viral multiplication was reduced slightly in WIPK- or SIPK-silenced plants but substantially in WIPK/SIPK-silenced plants, and was correlated with an increase in salicylic acid (SA) and a decrease in jasmonic acid (JA). Silencing of WIPK and SIPK in a tobacco cultivar lacking the N gene did not inhibit viral accumulation. The reduction in viral accumulation was attenuated by expressing a gene for an SA-degrading enzyme or by exogenously applying JA. Inoculation of lower leaves resulted in the systemic spread of TMV and formation of necrotic lesions in uninoculated upper leaves. These results suggested that WIPK and SIPK function to negatively regulate local resistance to TMV accumulation, partially through modulating accumulation of SA and JA in an N-dependent manner, but positively regulate systemic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michie Kobayashi
- National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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50
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Zaïdi I, Ebel C, Touzri M, Herzog E, Evrard JL, Schmit AC, Masmoudi K, Hanin M. TMKP1 is a novel wheat stress responsive MAP Kinase phosphatase localized in the nucleus. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2010; 73:325-38. [PMID: 20204675 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-010-9617-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2009] [Accepted: 02/17/2010] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The regulation of plant signalling responses by Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (MAPKs)-mediated protein phosphorylation is well recognized. MAP kinase phosphatases (MKPs) are negative regulators of MAPKs in eukaryotes. We report here the identification and the characterization of TMKP1, the first wheat MKP (Triticum turgidum L. subsp. Durum). Expression profile analyses performed in two durum wheat cultivars showing a marked difference in salt and drought stress tolerance, revealed a differential regulation of TMKP1. Under salt and osmotic stress, TMKP1 is induced in the sensitive wheat variety and repressed in the tolerant one. A recombinant TMKP1 was shown to be an active phosphatase and capable to interact specifically with two wheat MAPKs (TMPK3 and TMPK6). In BY2 tobacco cells transiently expressing GFP::TMKP1, the fusion protein was localized into the nucleus. Interestingly, the deletion of the N-terminal non catalytic domain results in a strong accumulation of the truncated fusion protein in the cytoplasm. In addition, when expressed in BY2 cells, TMPK3 and TMPK6 fused to red fluorescent protein (RFP) were shown to be present predominantly in the nucleus. Surprisingly, when co-expressed with the N-terminal truncated TMKP1 fusion protein; both kinases are excluded from the nuclear compartment and accumulate in the cytoplasm. This strongly suggests that TMKP1 interacts in vivo with TMPK3 and TMPK6 and controls their subcellular localization. Taken together, our results show that the newly isolated wheat MKP might play an active role in modulating the plant cell responses to salt and osmotic stress responses.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptation, Physiological/drug effects
- Adaptation, Physiological/genetics
- Adaptation, Physiological/physiology
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Blotting, Western
- Cell Line
- Cell Nucleus/enzymology
- Cloning, Molecular
- DNA, Complementary/chemistry
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic
- Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
- Green Fluorescent Proteins/genetics
- Green Fluorescent Proteins/metabolism
- Microscopy, Confocal
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/genetics
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Phosphoprotein Phosphatases/genetics
- Phosphoprotein Phosphatases/metabolism
- Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases/genetics
- Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases/metabolism
- Plant Proteins/genetics
- Plant Proteins/metabolism
- Protein Binding
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Sodium Chloride/pharmacology
- Triticum/enzymology
- Triticum/genetics
- Triticum/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikram Zaïdi
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire des Plantes du Centre de Biotechnologie de Sfax, Route Sidi Mansour BP, Sfax, Tunisia
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