1
|
Lubuela G, Beaufrère A, Albuquerque M, Pignollet C, Nicolle R, Lesurtel M, Bouattour M, Cros J, Paradis V. Prognostic impact of the tumour microenvironment in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: identification of a peritumoural fibro-immune interface. Virchows Arch 2024:10.1007/s00428-024-03922-5. [PMID: 39242455 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-024-03922-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2024] [Revised: 08/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
The tumour microenvironment (TME) of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) is complex and plays a role in prognosis and resistance to treatments. We aimed to decipher the iCCA TME phenotype using multiplex sequential immunohistochemistry (MS-IHC) to investigate which cell types and their spatial location may affect its prognosis. This was a retrospective study of 109 iCCA resected samples. For all cases, we used an open-source software to analyse a panel of markers (αSMA, FAP, CD8, CD163) by MS-IHC for characterize the different TME cells and their location. RNA sequencing was performed to determine the main iCCA transcriptomic classes. The association of the TME composition with overall survival (OS) was assessed by univariate and multivariate analyses. A high proportion of activated fibroblasts (FAP +) was significantly associated with poor OS (HR = 2.33, 95%CI = 1.43-3.81, p = 0.001). CD8 T lymphocytes excluded from the epithelial compartment were significantly associated with worse OS (HR = 1.86, 95% CI = 1.07-3.22, p = 0.014). The combination of a high proportion of FAP + fibroblasts and CD8 T lymphocytes excluded from the epithelial compartment, observed in 21 cases (19%), was significantly associated with poor OS on univariate (HR = 2.49, 95% CI = 1.44-4.28, p = 0.001) and multivariate analyses (HR = 2.77, 95% CI = 1.56-4.92, p < 0.001). In these cases, CD8 T lymphocytes were predominantly located at the tumour/non-tumour interface (19/21, 90%), and an association with the transcriptomic inflammatory stroma class was observed (10/21, 48%). Our results confirm the TME prognostic role in iCCA, highlighting the impact in the process of spatial heterogeneity, especially cell colocalization of immune and fibroblastic cells creating a peritumoural fibro-immune interface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gwladys Lubuela
- Université Paris Cité, Centre de Recherche Sur L'Inflammation (CRI), INSERM, U1149, Paris, France
| | - Aurélie Beaufrère
- Université Paris Cité, Centre de Recherche Sur L'Inflammation (CRI), INSERM, U1149, Paris, France.
- AP-HP.Nord, Department of Pathology, FHU MOSAIC, SIRIC InsiTu, DMU DREAM, Beaujon Hospital, 100 Boulevard du Général Leclerc, 92110, Clichy, France.
| | - Miguel Albuquerque
- Université Paris Cité, Centre de Recherche Sur L'Inflammation (CRI), INSERM, U1149, Paris, France
- AP-HP.Nord, Department of Pathology, FHU MOSAIC, SIRIC InsiTu, DMU DREAM, Beaujon Hospital, 100 Boulevard du Général Leclerc, 92110, Clichy, France
| | - Camille Pignollet
- Université Paris Cité, Centre de Recherche Sur L'Inflammation (CRI), INSERM, U1149, Paris, France
| | - Rémy Nicolle
- Université Paris Cité, Centre de Recherche Sur L'Inflammation (CRI), INSERM, U1149, Paris, France
| | - Mickael Lesurtel
- AP-HP.Nord, Department of HPB Surgery & Liver Transplantation, Beaujon Hospital, Université Paris Cité, Clichy, France
| | - Mohamed Bouattour
- AP-HP.Nord, Liver Cancer Unit, DMU DIGEST, Beaujon Hospital, Clichy, France
| | - Jérôme Cros
- Université Paris Cité, Centre de Recherche Sur L'Inflammation (CRI), INSERM, U1149, Paris, France
- AP-HP.Nord, Department of Pathology, FHU MOSAIC, SIRIC InsiTu, DMU DREAM, Beaujon Hospital, 100 Boulevard du Général Leclerc, 92110, Clichy, France
| | - Valérie Paradis
- Université Paris Cité, Centre de Recherche Sur L'Inflammation (CRI), INSERM, U1149, Paris, France
- AP-HP.Nord, Department of Pathology, FHU MOSAIC, SIRIC InsiTu, DMU DREAM, Beaujon Hospital, 100 Boulevard du Général Leclerc, 92110, Clichy, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Vendittelli P, Bokhorst JM, Smeets EMM, Kryklyva V, Brosens LAA, Verbeke C, Litjens G. Automatic quantification of tumor-stroma ratio as a prognostic marker for pancreatic cancer. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301969. [PMID: 38771787 PMCID: PMC11108171 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to introduce an innovative multi-step pipeline for automatic tumor-stroma ratio (TSR) quantification as a potential prognostic marker for pancreatic cancer, addressing the limitations of existing staging systems and the lack of commonly used prognostic biomarkers. METHODS The proposed approach involves a deep-learning-based method for the automatic segmentation of tumor epithelial cells, tumor bulk, and stroma from whole-slide images (WSIs). Models were trained using five-fold cross-validation and evaluated on an independent external test set. TSR was computed based on the segmented components. Additionally, TSR's predictive value for six-month survival on the independent external dataset was assessed. RESULTS Median Dice (inter-quartile range (IQR)) of 0.751(0.15) and 0.726(0.25) for tumor epithelium segmentation on internal and external test sets, respectively. Median Dice of 0.76(0.11) and 0.863(0.17) for tumor bulk segmentation on internal and external test sets, respectively. TSR was evaluated as an independent prognostic marker, demonstrating a cross-validation AUC of 0.61±0.12 for predicting six-month survival on the external dataset. CONCLUSION Our pipeline for automatic TSR quantification offers promising potential as a prognostic marker for pancreatic cancer. The results underscore the feasibility of computational biomarker discovery in enhancing patient outcome prediction, thus contributing to personalized patient management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pierpaolo Vendittelli
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - John-Melle Bokhorst
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Esther M. M. Smeets
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Valentyna Kryklyva
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Geert Litjens
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Humenick A, Johnson M, Chen B, Wee M, Wattchow D, Costa M, Dinning P, Brookes S. Antibody elution with 2-me/SDS solution: Uses for multi-layer immunohistochemical analysis of wholemount preparations of human colonic myenteric plexus. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26522. [PMID: 38434276 PMCID: PMC10904250 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Indirect immunofluorescence is usually restricted to 3-5 markers per preparation, limiting analysis of coexistence. A solution containing 2-mercaptoethanol and sodium dodecyl sulfate (2-ME/SDS) can elute indirect immunofluorescence labelling (i.e. primary antisera followed by fluorophore-conjugated secondary antisera) and has been used for sequential staining of sections. The aim of this study was to test whether 2-ME/SDS is effective for eluting indirect immunofluorescent staining (with primary antisera visualised by fluorophore-coupled secondary antisera) in wholemount preparations. We also analysed how 2-ME/SDS may work and used this understanding to devise additional uses for immunofluorescence in the nervous system. 2-ME/SDS appears to denature unfixed proteins (including antisera used as reagents) but has much less effect on antigenicity of formaldehyde-fixed epitopes. Moieties linked by strong biotin-streptavidin bonds are highly resistant to elution by 2-ME/SDS. Two primary antisera raised in the same species can be applied without spurious cross-reactivity, if a specific order of labelling is followed. The first primary antiserum is followed by a biotinylated secondary, then a tertiary of fluorophore-conjugated streptavidin. The preparation is then exposed to 2-ME/SDS, which has minimal impact on labelling by the first primary/secondary/tertiary combination. However, when this is followed by a second primary antiserum (raised in the same species), followed by a fluorophore-conjugated secondary antiserum, the intervening 2-ME/SDS exposure prevents cross-reactivity between primary and secondary antisera of the two layers. A third property of 2-ME/SDS is that it reduces lipofuscin autofluorescence, although it also raises background fluorescence and strongly enhances autofluorescence of erythrocytes. In summary, 2-ME/SDS is easy to use, cost-effective and does not require modified primary antisera. It can be used as the basis of a multi-layer immunohistochemistry protocol and allows 2 primary antisera raised in the same species to be used together.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Humenick
- Human Physiology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, 5042, Australia
| | - M.E. Johnson
- Human Physiology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, 5042, Australia
| | - B.N. Chen
- Human Physiology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, 5042, Australia
| | - M. Wee
- Department of Surgery, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
| | - D.A. Wattchow
- Department of Surgery, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
| | - M. Costa
- Human Physiology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, 5042, Australia
| | - P.G. Dinning
- Department of Surgery, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
| | - S.J.H. Brookes
- Human Physiology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, 5042, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Piccinini F, Tazzari M, Tumedei MM, Stellato M, Remondini D, Giampieri E, Martinelli G, Castellani G, Carbonaro A. Data Science for Health Image Alignment: A User-Friendly Open-Source ImageJ/Fiji Plugin for Aligning Multimodality/Immunohistochemistry/Immunofluorescence 2D Microscopy Images. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:451. [PMID: 38257548 PMCID: PMC10819694 DOI: 10.3390/s24020451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Most of the time, the deep analysis of a biological sample requires the acquisition of images at different time points, using different modalities and/or different stainings. This information gives morphological, functional, and physiological insights, but the acquired images must be aligned to be able to proceed with the co-localisation analysis. Practically speaking, according to Aristotle's principle, "The whole is greater than the sum of its parts", multi-modal image registration is a challenging task that involves fusing complementary signals. In the past few years, several methods for image registration have been described in the literature, but unfortunately, there is not one method that works for all applications. In addition, there is currently no user-friendly solution for aligning images that does not require any computer skills. In this work, DS4H Image Alignment (DS4H-IA), an open-source ImageJ/Fiji plugin for aligning multimodality, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and/or immunofluorescence (IF) 2D microscopy images, designed with the goal of being extremely easy to use, is described. All of the available solutions for aligning 2D microscopy images have also been revised. The DS4H-IA source code; standalone applications for MAC, Linux, and Windows; video tutorials; manual documentation; and sample datasets are publicly available.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Piccinini
- IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, FC, Italy; (M.T.); (M.M.T.); (G.M.)
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, BO, Italy; (E.G.); (G.C.)
| | - Marcella Tazzari
- IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, FC, Italy; (M.T.); (M.M.T.); (G.M.)
| | - Maria Maddalena Tumedei
- IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, FC, Italy; (M.T.); (M.M.T.); (G.M.)
| | - Mariachiara Stellato
- Department of Physics and Astronomy “Augusto Righi” (DIFA), University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO, Italy; (M.S.); (D.R.)
| | - Daniel Remondini
- Department of Physics and Astronomy “Augusto Righi” (DIFA), University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO, Italy; (M.S.); (D.R.)
| | - Enrico Giampieri
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, BO, Italy; (E.G.); (G.C.)
| | - Giovanni Martinelli
- IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, FC, Italy; (M.T.); (M.M.T.); (G.M.)
| | - Gastone Castellani
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, BO, Italy; (E.G.); (G.C.)
| | - Antonella Carbonaro
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering (DISI), University of Bologna, 47521 Cesena, FC, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bokhorst JM, Ciompi F, Öztürk SK, Oguz Erdogan AS, Vieth M, Dawson H, Kirsch R, Simmer F, Sheahan K, Lugli A, Zlobec I, van der Laak J, Nagtegaal ID. Fully Automated Tumor Bud Assessment in Hematoxylin and Eosin-Stained Whole Slide Images of Colorectal Cancer. Mod Pathol 2023; 36:100233. [PMID: 37257824 DOI: 10.1016/j.modpat.2023.100233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Tumor budding (TB), the presence of single cells or small clusters of up to 4 tumor cells at the invasive front of colorectal cancer (CRC), is a proven risk factor for adverse outcomes. International definitions are necessary to reduce interobserver variability. According to the current international guidelines, hotspots at the invasive front should be counted in hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained slides. This is time-consuming and prone to interobserver variability; therefore, there is a need for computer-aided diagnosis solutions. In this study, we report an artificial intelligence-based method for detecting TB in H&E-stained whole slide images. We propose a fully automated pipeline to identify the tumor border, detect tumor buds, characterize them based on the number of tumor cells, and produce a TB density map to identify the TB hotspot. The method outputs the TB count in the hotspot as a computational biomarker. We show that the proposed automated TB detection workflow performs on par with a panel of 5 pathologists at detecting tumor buds and that the hotspot-based TB count is an independent prognosticator in both the univariate and the multivariate analysis, validated on a cohort of n = 981 patients with CRC. Computer-aided detection of tumor buds based on deep learning can perform on par with expert pathologists for the detection and quantification of tumor buds in H&E-stained CRC histopathology slides, strongly facilitating the introduction of budding as an independent prognosticator in clinical routine and clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John-Melle Bokhorst
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Francesco Ciompi
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sonay Kus Öztürk
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Michael Vieth
- Klinikum of Pathology, Bayreuth University, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Heather Dawson
- Institute of Tissue Medicine and Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Richard Kirsch
- University of Toronto, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Femke Simmer
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Kieran Sheahan
- Department of Pathology, St Vincent's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Inti Zlobec
- Klinikum of Pathology, Bayreuth University, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Jeroen van der Laak
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Iris D Nagtegaal
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chen BN, Humenick A, Yew WP, Peterson RA, Wiklendt L, Dinning PG, Spencer NJ, Wattchow DA, Costa M, Brookes SJH. Types of Neurons in the Human Colonic Myenteric Plexus Identified by Multilayer Immunohistochemical Coding. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 16:573-605. [PMID: 37355216 PMCID: PMC10469081 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2023.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Gut functions including motility, secretion, and blood flow are largely controlled by the enteric nervous system. Characterizing the different classes of enteric neurons in the human gut is an important step to understand how its circuitry is organized and how it is affected by disease. METHODS Using multiplexed immunohistochemistry, 12 discriminating antisera were applied to distinguish different classes of myenteric neurons in the human colon (2596 neurons, 12 patients) according to their chemical coding. All antisera were applied to every neuron, in multiple layers, separated by elutions. RESULTS A total of 164 combinations of immunohistochemical markers were present among the 2596 neurons, which could be divided into 20 classes, with statistical validation. Putative functions were ascribed for 4 classes of putative excitatory motor neurons (EMN1-4), 4 inhibitory motor neurons (IMN1-4), 3 ascending interneurons (AIN1-3), 6 descending interneurons (DIN1-6), 2 classes of multiaxonal sensory neurons (SN1-2), and a small, miscellaneous group (1.8% of total). Soma-dendritic morphology was analyzed, revealing 5 common shapes distributed differentially between the 20 classes. Distinctive baskets of axonal varicosities surrounded 45% of myenteric nerve cell bodies and were associated with close appositions, suggesting possible connectivity. Baskets of cholinergic terminals and several other types of baskets selectively targeted ascending interneurons and excitatory motor neurons but were significantly sparser around inhibitory motor neurons. CONCLUSIONS Using a simple immunohistochemical method, human myenteric neurons were shown to comprise multiple classes based on chemical coding and morphology and dense clusters of axonal varicosities were selectively associated with some classes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bao Nan Chen
- Human Physiology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Adam Humenick
- Human Physiology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Wai Ping Yew
- Human Physiology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Rochelle A Peterson
- Human Physiology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Lukasz Wiklendt
- Human Physiology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Phil G Dinning
- Human Physiology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Colorectal Surgical Unit, Division of Surgery, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Nick J Spencer
- Human Physiology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - David A Wattchow
- Colorectal Surgical Unit, Division of Surgery, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Marcello Costa
- Human Physiology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Simon J H Brookes
- Human Physiology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Knipper K, Damanakis AI, Zhao Y, Bruns CJ, Schmidt T, Popp FC, Quaas A, Lyu SI. Specific Subtypes of Carcinoma-Associated Fibroblasts Are Correlated with Worse Survival in Resectable Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15072049. [PMID: 37046710 PMCID: PMC10093167 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15072049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal cancer entities. Effective therapy options are still lacking. The tumor microenvironment possibly bears further treatment possibilities. This study aimed to describe the expression patterns of four established carcinoma-associated fibroblast (CAFs) markers and their correlation in PDAC tissue samples. METHODS This project included 321 patients with PDAC who underwent surgery with a curative intent in one of the PANCALYZE study centers. Immunohistochemical stainings for FAP, PDGFR, periostin, and SMA were performed. The expression patterns of each marker were divided into low- and high-expressing CAFs and correlated with patients' survival. RESULTS Tumors showing SMAhigh-, PeriostinhighSMAhigh-, or PeriostinhighSMAlowPDGFRlowFAPhigh-positive CAFs demonstrated significantly worse survival. Additionally, a high expression of SMA in PDAC tissue samples was shown to be an independent risk factor for worse survival. CONCLUSION This project identified three subgroups of PDAC with different expression patterns of CAF markers which showed significantly worse survival. This could be the base for the further characterization of the fibroblast subgroups in PDAC and contribute to the development of new targeted therapy options against CAFs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karl Knipper
- Department of General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexander I Damanakis
- Department of General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department of General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Christiane J Bruns
- Department of General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Schmidt
- Department of General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Felix C Popp
- Department of General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexander Quaas
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Su Ir Lyu
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Galactosidase-catalyzed fluorescence amplification method (GAFAM): sensitive fluorescent immunohistochemistry using novel fluorogenic β-galactosidase substrates and its application in multiplex immunostaining. Histochem Cell Biol 2023; 159:233-246. [PMID: 36374321 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-022-02162-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Multiplex immunohistochemistry/multiplex immunofluorescence (mIHC/mIF) enables the simultaneous detection of multiple markers in a single tissue section by visualizing the markers in different colors. Currently, tyramide signal amplification (TSA) is the most commonly used method because it is heat resistant to multiplexing. SPiDER-βGal (6'-(diethylamino)-4'-(fluoromethyl)spiro[isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-[9H]xanthen]-3'-yl β-D-galactopyranoside), a novel fluorogenic substrate of β-galactosidase (β-gal) was reported recently. Its properties are favorable for application in sensitive mIF based on quinone methide chemistry. Combining SPiDER-βGal with its related substrates, a novel, sensitive fluorescent IHC method for formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) sections was developed, named the galactosidase-catalyzed fluorescence amplification method (GAFAM). Evaluation of GAFAM indicated the following characteristics: (1) the entire GAFAM procedure was complete within a few hours; (2) the optimal working concentration of the substrates was 20 μM; (3) the fluorescent product was heat resistant; (4) the GAFAM exhibited sensitivity comparable with that of TSA, which was higher than that of conventional IF; and (5) the GAFAM was applicable to mIF and multispectral imaging. GAFAM is expected to be applicable to IF (or mIF in combination with TSA), and is a promising tool for facilitating morphological research in various fields of life science.
Collapse
|
9
|
Chiriboga L, Callis GM, Wang Y, Chlipala E. Guide for collecting and reporting metadata on protocol variables and parameters from slide-based histotechnology assays to enhance reproducibility. J Histotechnol 2022; 45:132-147. [DOI: 10.1080/01478885.2022.2134022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Chiriboga
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- NYULH Center for Biospecimen Research and Development, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Yongfu Wang
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas, MO, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chin LK, Li H, Choi JH, Iwamoto Y, Oh J, Min J, Beak SK, Yoo D, Castro CM, Lee D, Im H. Hydrogel Stamping for Rapid, Multiplexed, Point-of-Care Immunostaining of Cells and Tissues. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:27613-27622. [PMID: 35671240 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c05071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In the era of precision oncology, multicolor fluorescence imaging has become a core technology for multiplexed molecular analysis of cellular and tissue specimens. However, conventional solution-based staining is labor-intensive and time-consuming and requires considerable expertise to yield optimal results, which creates difficulties for employing this technology in resource-limited settings. Here, we report a new immunostaining method based on hydrogel stamping, which is simple, fast, easy to use, and reproducible. We showed that a hydrophilic hydrogel stamp could effectively transfer fluorescent antibodies to targets and withdraw an excess solution when the reaction is completed, obviating the need for extra washing. This unique property allows for quality immunostaining in 5 min for cells using one-eighth of antibody consumption compared to the conventional solution-based method. Furthermore, we implemented fluorescence quenching and immunocycling with hydrogel staining for multiplexed analysis of 9 protein markers at a single cell level. Finally, we applied the immunocycling method to human breast cancer tissue samples and showed quality immunostaining over a large area (∼2 cm2) in 30 min for molecular subtyping of breast cancer. The hydrogel immunostaining could open new opportunities for rapid, automated, and multiplexed profiling in compact point-of-care systems for molecular cancer diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lip Ket Chin
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, CPZN 5206, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
- Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Huiyan Li
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, CPZN 5206, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
- School of Engineering, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph N1G2W1, Canada
| | - Jae-Hyeok Choi
- Noul Co. Limited, Gyeonggi-do, Yongin 16942, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoshiko Iwamoto
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, CPZN 5206, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Juhyun Oh
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, CPZN 5206, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Jouha Min
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, CPZN 5206, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Suk Kyung Beak
- Noul Co. Limited, Gyeonggi-do, Yongin 16942, Republic of Korea
| | - Dahyeon Yoo
- Noul Co. Limited, Gyeonggi-do, Yongin 16942, Republic of Korea
| | - Cesar M Castro
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, CPZN 5206, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Dongyoung Lee
- Noul Co. Limited, Gyeonggi-do, Yongin 16942, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungsoon Im
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, CPZN 5206, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Haddad TS, Friedl P, Farahani N, Treanor D, Zlobec I, Nagtegaal I. Tutorial: methods for three-dimensional visualization of archival tissue material. Nat Protoc 2021; 16:4945-4962. [PMID: 34716449 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-021-00611-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of three-dimensional patient specimens is gaining increasing relevance for understanding the principles of tissue structure as well as the biology and mechanisms underlying disease. New technologies are improving our ability to visualize large volume of tissues with subcellular resolution. One resource often overlooked is archival tissue maintained for decades in hospitals and research archives around the world. Accessing the wealth of information stored within these samples requires the use of appropriate methods. This tutorial introduces the range of sample preparation and microscopy approaches available for three-dimensional visualization of archival tissue. We summarize key aspects of the relevant techniques and common issues encountered when using archival tissue, including registration and antibody penetration. We also discuss analysis pipelines required to process, visualize and analyze the data and criteria to guide decision-making. The methods outlined in this tutorial provide an important and sustainable avenue for validating three-dimensional tissue organization and mechanisms of disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tariq Sami Haddad
- Department of Pathology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Peter Friedl
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- David H. Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers, Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Cancer GenomiCs.nl (CGC.nl), http://cancergenomics.nl, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Darren Treanor
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
- University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Department of Clinical Pathology, and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linkoping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Center for Medical Imaging Science and Visualization (CMIV), Linköping, Sweden
| | - Inti Zlobec
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Iris Nagtegaal
- Department of Pathology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Retinoic acid-responsive CD8 effector T cells are selectively increased in IL-23-rich tissue in gastrointestinal GVHD. Blood 2021; 137:702-717. [PMID: 32905596 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020005170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a major barrier in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). The metabolite retinoic acid (RA) potentiates GI-GVHD in mice via alloreactive T cells expressing the RA receptor-α (RARα), but the role of RA-responsive cells in human GI-GVHD remains undefined. Therefore, we used conventional and novel sequential immunostaining and flow cytometry to scrutinize RA-responsive T cells in tissues and blood of patients who had received allo-HSCT and to characterize the impact of RA on human T-cell alloresponses. Expression of RARα by human mononuclear cells was increased after exposure to RA. RARαhi mononuclear cells were increased in GI-GVHD tissue, contained more cellular RA-binding proteins, localized with tissue damage, and correlated with GVHD severity and mortality. By using a targeted candidate protein approach, we predicted the phenotype of RA-responsive T cells in the context of increased microenvironmental interleukin-23 (IL-23). Sequential immunostaining confirmed the presence of a population of RARαhi CD8 T cells with the predicted phenotype that coexpressed the effector T-cell transcription factor T-bet and the IL-23-specific receptor (IL-23R). These cells were increased in GI- but not skin-GVHD tissues and were also selectively expanded in the blood of patients with GI-GVHD. Finally, functional approaches demonstrated that RA predominantly increased alloreactive GI-tropic RARαhi CD8 effector T cells, including cells with the phenotype identified in vivo. IL-23-rich conditions potentiated this effect by selectively increasing β7 integrin expression on CD8 effector T cells and reducing CD4 T cells with a regulatory cell phenotype. In summary, we have identified a population of RA-responsive effector T cells with a distinctive phenotype that is selectively expanded in human GI-GVHD and that represents a potential new therapeutic target.
Collapse
|
13
|
van Rijthoven M, Balkenhol M, Siliņa K, van der Laak J, Ciompi F. HookNet: Multi-resolution convolutional neural networks for semantic segmentation in histopathology whole-slide images. Med Image Anal 2021; 68:101890. [DOI: 10.1016/j.media.2020.101890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
14
|
de Boer OJ, Krebbers G, Mackaaij C, Florquin S, de Rie MA, van der Wal AC, Teunissen MBM. Authors' Response to Letter to the Editor on "Unidentified Variables May Account for Variability in Multiplexing Results". J Histochem Cytochem 2020; 68:355-356. [PMID: 32391738 DOI: 10.1369/0022155420925082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Onno J de Boer
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gabrielle Krebbers
- Department of Dermatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Claire Mackaaij
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sandrine Florquin
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Menno A de Rie
- Department of Dermatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Allard C van der Wal
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel B M Teunissen
- Department of Dermatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Roy-Luzarraga M, Abdel-Fatah T, Reynolds LE, Clear A, Taylor JG, Gribben JG, Chan S, Jones L, Hodivala-Dilke K. Association of Low Tumor Endothelial Cell pY397-Focal Adhesion Kinase Expression With Survival in Patients With Neoadjuvant-Treated Locally Advanced Breast Cancer. JAMA Netw Open 2020; 3:e2019304. [PMID: 33107920 PMCID: PMC7592032 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.19304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Determining the risk of relapse after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with locally advanced breast cancer is required to offer alternative therapeutic strategies. OBJECTIVE To examine whether endothelial cell phosphorylated-focal adhesion kinase (EC-pY397-FAK) expression in patients with treatment-naive locally advanced breast cancer is a biomarker for chemotherapy sensitivity and is associated with survival after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In this prognostic study, expression levels of EC-pY397-FAK and tumor cell (TC)-pY397-FAK were determined by immunohistochemistry in prechemotherapy core biopsies from 82 female patients with locally advanced breast cancer treated with anthracycline-based combination neoadjuvant chemotherapy at Nottingham City Hospital in Nottingham, UK. Median follow-up time was 67 months. The study was conducted from December 1, 2010, to September 28, 2019, and data analysis was performed from October 2, 2019, to March 31, 2020. EXPOSURES All women underwent surgery followed by adjuvant radiotherapy and, if tumors were estrogen receptor-positive, 5-year tamoxifen treatment. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Outcomes were pathologic complete response and 5-year relapse-free survival examined using Kaplan-Meier, univariable logistic, multivariable logistic, and Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS A total of 82 women (age, 29-76 years) with locally advanced breast cancer (stage IIA-IIIC) were included. Of these, 21 women (26%) had high EC-pY397-FAK expression that was associated with estrogen receptor positivity (71% vs 46%; P = .04), progesterone receptor positivity (67% vs 39%; P = .03), high Ki67 (86% vs 41%; P < .001), 4-immunohistochemically stained luminal-B (52% vs 8%; P < .001), higher tumor category (T3/T4 category: 90% vs 59%; P = .01), high lymph node category (N2-3 category: 43% vs 5%; P < .001), and high tumor node metastasis stage (IIIA-IIIC: 90% vs 66%; P = .03). Of 21 patients with high EC-pY397-FAK expression levels, none showed pathologic complete response, compared with 11 of 61 patients with low EC-pY397-FAK expression levels who showed pathologic complete response (odds ratio, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.61-0.82; P = .04). High EC-pY397-FAK expression levels and high blood vessel density (BVD) were associated with shorter 5-year relapse-free survival compared with those with low EC-pY397-FAK expression levels (hazard ratio [HR], 2.21; 95% CI, 1.17-4.20; P = .01) and low BVD (HR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.15-4.35; P = .02). High TC-pY397-FAK expression levels in 15 of 82 women (18%) were not associated significantly with pathologic complete response or 5-year relapse-free survival. A multivariable Cox regression model for 5-year relapse-free survival indicated that high EC-pY397-FAK expression levels was an independent poor prognostic factor after controlling for other validated prognostic factors (HR, 3.91; 95% CI, 1.42-10.74; P = .01). Combined analysis of EC-pY397-FAK expression levels, TC-pY397-FAK expression levels, and BVD improved prognostic significance over individually tested features. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The findings of this study suggest that low EC-pY397-FAK expression levels are associated with chemotherapy sensitivity and improved 5-year relapse-free survival after systemic therapy. Combined analysis of high EC-pY397-FAK expression levels, high TC-pY397-FAK expression levels, and high BVD appeared to identify a high-risk population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Roy-Luzarraga
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tarek Abdel-Fatah
- Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Nottingham and Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Pathology Department, National Liver Institute, Minoufyia University, Al Minufiyah, Egypt
| | - Louise E. Reynolds
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Clear
- Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph G. Taylor
- Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - John G. Gribben
- Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Chan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Nottingham and Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Louise Jones
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kairbaan Hodivala-Dilke
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ehrenberg AJ, Morales DO, Piergies AMH, Li SH, Tejedor JS, Mladinov M, Mulder J, Grinberg LT. A manual multiplex immunofluorescence method for investigating neurodegenerative diseases. J Neurosci Methods 2020; 339:108708. [PMID: 32243897 PMCID: PMC7269157 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2020.108708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurodegenerative diseases feature stereotypical deposits of protein aggregates that selectively accumulate in vulnerable cells. The ability to simultaneously localize multiple targets in situ is critical to facilitate discovery and validation of pathogenic molecular pathways. Immunostaining methods enable in situ detection of specific targets. Effective stripping of antibodies, allowing successive rounds of staining while maintaining tissue adhesion and antigen integrity, is the main roadblock for enabling multiplex immunostaining in standard labs. Furthermore, stripping techniques require antibody-specific optimization, validation, and quality control steps. NEW METHOD Aiming to create protocols for multiplex localization of neurodegenerative-related processes, without the need for specialized equipment, we evaluated several antibody stripping techniques. We also recommend quality control steps to validate stripping efficacy and ameliorate concerns of cross-reactivity and false positives based on extensive testing. RESULTS A protocol using β-mercaptoethanol and SDS consistently enables reliable antibody stripping across multiple rounds of staining and minimizes the odds of cross-reactivity while preserving tissue adhesion and antigen integrity in human postmortem tissue. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS Our proposed method is optimal for standard lab settings and shows consistent efficacy despite the intricacies of suboptimal human postmortem tissue and the need to strip markers bound to highly aggregated proteins. Additionally, it incorporates quality control steps to validate antibody stripping. CONCLUSIONS Multiplex immunofluorescence methods for studying neurodegenerative diseases in human postmortem tissue are feasible even in standard laboratories. Nevertheless, evaluation of stripping parameters during optimization and validation phases of experiments is prudent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Ehrenberg
- University of California, San Francisco, Memory and Aging Center, Weill Institute for Neurosciences; San Francisco, CA, USA; University of California, Berkeley, Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute; Berkeley, CA, USA; University of California, Berkeley, Dept. of Integrative Biology; Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Dulce Ovando Morales
- University of California, San Francisco, Memory and Aging Center, Weill Institute for Neurosciences; San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Antonia M H Piergies
- University of California, San Francisco, Memory and Aging Center, Weill Institute for Neurosciences; San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Song Hua Li
- University of California, San Francisco, Memory and Aging Center, Weill Institute for Neurosciences; San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jorge Santos Tejedor
- University of California, San Francisco, Memory and Aging Center, Weill Institute for Neurosciences; San Francisco, CA, USA; Karolinska Instituet, Department of Neuroscience, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mihovil Mladinov
- University of California, San Francisco, Memory and Aging Center, Weill Institute for Neurosciences; San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jan Mulder
- Karolinska Instituet, Department of Neuroscience, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lea T Grinberg
- University of California, San Francisco, Memory and Aging Center, Weill Institute for Neurosciences; San Francisco, CA, USA; University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil; University of California, San Francisco, Global Brain Health Institute; San Francisco, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Bokhorst JM, Blank A, Lugli A, Zlobec I, Dawson H, Vieth M, Rijstenberg LL, Brockmoeller S, Urbanowicz M, Flejou JF, Kirsch R, Ciompi F, van der Laak JAWM, Nagtegaal ID. Assessment of individual tumor buds using keratin immunohistochemistry: moderate interobserver agreement suggests a role for machine learning. Mod Pathol 2020; 33:825-833. [PMID: 31844269 PMCID: PMC7190566 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-019-0434-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tumor budding is a promising and cost-effective biomarker with strong prognostic value in colorectal cancer. However, challenges related to interobserver variability persist. Such variability may be reduced by immunohistochemistry and computer-aided tumor bud selection. Development of computer algorithms for this purpose requires unequivocal examples of individual tumor buds. As such, we undertook a large-scale, international, and digital observer study on individual tumor bud assessment. From a pool of 46 colorectal cancer cases with tumor budding, 3000 tumor bud candidates were selected, largely based on digital image analysis algorithms. For each candidate bud, an image patch (size 256 × 256 µm) was extracted from a pan cytokeratin-stained whole-slide image. Members of an International Tumor Budding Consortium (n = 7) were asked to categorize each candidate as either (1) tumor bud, (2) poorly differentiated cluster, or (3) neither, based on current definitions. Agreement was assessed with Cohen's and Fleiss Kappa statistics. Fleiss Kappa showed moderate overall agreement between observers (0.42 and 0.51), while Cohen's Kappas ranged from 0.25 to 0.63. Complete agreement by all seven observers was present for only 34% of the 3000 tumor bud candidates, while 59% of the candidates were agreed on by at least five of the seven observers. Despite reports of moderate-to-substantial agreement with respect to tumor budding grade, agreement with respect to individual pan cytokeratin-stained tumor buds is moderate at most. A machine learning approach may prove especially useful for a more robust assessment of individual tumor buds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J. M. Bokhorst
- grid.10417.330000 0004 0444 9382Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - A. Blank
- grid.5734.50000 0001 0726 5157University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - A. Lugli
- grid.5734.50000 0001 0726 5157University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - I. Zlobec
- grid.5734.50000 0001 0726 5157University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - H. Dawson
- grid.5734.50000 0001 0726 5157University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - M. Vieth
- grid.7384.80000 0004 0467 6972University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - L. L. Rijstenberg
- grid.10417.330000 0004 0444 9382Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - S. Brockmoeller
- grid.9909.90000 0004 1936 8403University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - M. Urbanowicz
- grid.418936.10000 0004 0610 0854EORTC Translational Research Unit, Brussels, Belgium
| | - J. F. Flejou
- grid.412370.30000 0004 1937 1100Saint-Antoine Hospital, Paris, France
| | - R. Kirsch
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - F. Ciompi
- grid.10417.330000 0004 0444 9382Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - J. A. W. M. van der Laak
- grid.10417.330000 0004 0444 9382Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands ,grid.5640.70000 0001 2162 9922Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - I. D. Nagtegaal
- grid.10417.330000 0004 0444 9382Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
von Hardenberg J, Hartmann S, Nitschke K, Worst TS, Ting S, Reis H, Nuhn P, Weis CA, Erben P. Programmed Death Ligand 1 (PD-L1) Status and Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Hot Spots of Primary and Liver Metastases in Prostate Cancer With Neuroendocrine Differentiation. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2019; 17:145-153.e5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
19
|
Yao Q, Zhang L, Zhou J, Li M, Jing W, Li X, Han J, He L, Zhang Y. Imaging Diagnosis of Transient Ischemic Attack in Clinic and Traditional Chinese Medicine. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:5094842. [PMID: 30906774 PMCID: PMC6398052 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5094842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Neuroimaging plays a pivotal role in Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA). Generally, clinicians focus on the specific changes in morphology and function, but the diagnosis of TIA often depends on imaging evidence. Whereas Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is concerned with the performance of clinical symptoms, they began to use imaging methods to diagnose TIA. CT and MRI are the recommended modality to diagnose TIA and image ischemic lesions. In addition, Transcranial Doppler sonography (TCD) and Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA) are two acceptable alternatives for diagnosing TIA patients. This article elaborates the update of imaging modalities in clinic and the development of imaging modalities in TCM. Besides, multiple joint imaging technologies also will be evaluated whether enhanced diagnostic yields availably.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qigu Yao
- Second Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Lincheng Zhang
- Second Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- College of Life Sciences of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Min Li
- College of Life Sciences of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Weifeng Jing
- College of Pharmaceutical Science of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Science of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Jin Han
- Basic Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Lan He
- Second Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Yuyan Zhang
- College of Life Sciences of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Qing X, Chinenov Y, Redecha P, Madaio M, Roelofs JJ, Farber G, Issuree PD, Donlin L, Mcllwain DR, Mak TW, Blobel CP, Salmon JE. iRhom2 promotes lupus nephritis through TNF-α and EGFR signaling. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:1397-1412. [PMID: 29369823 DOI: 10.1172/jci97650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lupus nephritis (LN) often results in progressive renal dysfunction. The inactive rhomboid 2 (iRhom2) is a newly identified key regulator of A disintegrin and metalloprotease 17 (ADAM17), whose substrates, such as TNF-α and heparin-binding EGF (HB-EGF), have been implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic kidney diseases. Here, we demonstrate that deficiency of iRhom2 protects the lupus-prone Fcgr2b-/- mice from developing severe kidney damage without altering anti-double-stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) Ab production by simultaneously blocking HB-EGF/EGFR and TNF-α signaling in the kidney tissues. Unbiased transcriptome profiling of kidneys and kidney macrophages revealed that TNF-α and HB-EGF/EGFR signaling pathways are highly upregulated in Fcgr2b-/- mice, alterations that were diminished in the absence of iRhom2. Pharmacological blockade of either TNF-α or EGFR signaling protected Fcgr2b-/- mice from severe renal damage. Finally, kidneys from LN patients showed increased iRhom2 and HB-EGF expression, with interstitial HB-EGF expression significantly associated with chronicity indices. Our data suggest that activation of iRhom2/ADAM17-dependent TNF-α and EGFR signaling plays a crucial role in mediating irreversible kidney damage in LN, thereby uncovering a target for selective and simultaneous dual inhibition of 2 major pathological pathways in the effector arm of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yurii Chinenov
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Michael Madaio
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Joris Jth Roelofs
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gregory Farber
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Priya D Issuree
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Laura Donlin
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - David R Mcllwain
- Baxter Laboratory in Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Tak W Mak
- Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carl P Blobel
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA.,Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jane E Salmon
- Program in Inflammation and Autoimmunity, and.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Stelma F, de Niet A, Sinnige MJ, van Dort KA, van Gisbergen KPJM, Verheij J, van Leeuwen EMM, Kootstra NA, Reesink HW. Human intrahepatic CD69 + CD8+ T cells have a tissue resident memory T cell phenotype with reduced cytolytic capacity. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6172. [PMID: 28733665 PMCID: PMC5522381 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06352-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue resident memory T cells (TRM) have been identified in various tissues, however human liver TRM to date remain unidentified. TRM can be recognized by CD69 and/or CD103 expression and may play a role in the pathology of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and hepatitis C virus infection (CHC). Liver and paired blood mononuclear cells from 17 patients (including 4 CHB and 6 CHC patients) were isolated and CD8+ T cells were comprehensively analysed by flowcytometry, immunohistochemistry and qPCR. The majority of intrahepatic CD8+ T cells expressed CD69, a marker used to identify TRM, of which a subset co-expressed CD103. CD69 + CD8+ T cells expressed low levels of S1PR1 and KLF2 and a large proportion (>90%) was CXCR6+, resembling liver TRM in mice and liver resident NK cells in human. Cytotoxic proteins were only expressed in a small fraction of liver CD69 + CD8+ T cells in patients without viral hepatitis, however, in livers from CHB patients more CD69 + CD8+ T cells were granzyme B+. In CHC patients, less intrahepatic CD69 + CD8+ T cells were Hobit+ as compared to CHB and control patients. Intrahepatic CD69 + CD8+ T cells likely TRM which have a reduced cytolytic potential. In patients with chronic viral hepatitis TRM have a distinct phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Femke Stelma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annikki de Niet
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marjan J Sinnige
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karel A van Dort
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Klaas P J M van Gisbergen
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Joanne Verheij
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ester M M van Leeuwen
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Neeltje A Kootstra
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hendrik W Reesink
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
A Quasi-direct LC-MS/MS-based Targeted Proteomics Approach for miRNA Quantification via a Covalently Immobilized DNA-peptide Probe. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5669. [PMID: 28720752 PMCID: PMC5515972 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05495-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a vital role in regulating gene expression and are associated with a variety of cancers, including breast cancer. Their distorted and unique expression is a potential marker in clinical diagnoses and prognoses. Thus, accurate determination of miRNA expression levels is a prerequisite for their applications. However, the assays currently available for miRNA detection typically require pre-enrichment, amplification and labeling steps, and most of the assays are only semi-quantitative. Therefore, we developed a quasi-direct liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based targeted proteomics approach to quantify target miRNA by innovatively converting the miRNA signal into the mass response of a reporter peptide via a covalently immobilized DNA-peptide probe. Specifically, the probe containing the targeted proteomics-selected substrate/reporter peptide, GDRAVQLGVDPFR/AVQLGVDPFR, and the DNA sequence complementary to the target miRNA (i.e., miR-21) was first immobilized on APMTS modified silica nanoparticles using PDITC. After the immobilized probe was recognized and hybridized with the target miRNA, the excess probe was degraded using MBN and followed by a trypsin digestion of the hybrids. The reporter peptide was released and quantified using LC-MS/MS. The obtained LOQ was 5 pM. Finally, the developed assay was used for the quantitative analysis of miR-21 in breast cells and tissue samples.
Collapse
|
23
|
Prall F, Hühns M. The PD-1 expressing immune phenotype of T cell exhaustion is prominent in the 'immunoreactive' microenvironment of colorectal carcinoma. Histopathology 2017; 71:366-374. [PMID: 28383777 DOI: 10.1111/his.13231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study was designed to test programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) expression of T cells, the hallmark of T cell exhaustion, in different 'immune-classes' of colorectal carcinoma microenvironments as delineated by unsupervised hierarchical cluster analysis. METHODS AND RESULTS A tissue microarray was made with punches from the invasive margins of 40 microsatellite-unstable and 34 microsatellite-stable colorectal carcinomas. Immune cells were phenotyped by CD8, granzyme B, CD4, FoxP3, CD68, S-100, PD-1 and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) immunohistochemistry; tumour area per tissue spot was quantified by cytokeratin (CK)18 immunohistochemistry. For each tissue spot, intra-epithelial immune cells were counted and densities of the various immune cells were calculated. Unsupervised hierarchical cluster analysis with these data yielded a group of 'anergic/immune-naive' microenvironments (47.3%), a group of 'intermediates' (27.0%) and a group of 'immunoreactives' (25.7%) in which PD-1 expressing T cells were prominent. Sixteen of 19 tissue spots representing immunoreactive microenvironments derived from microsatellite-unstable tumours and three were from microsatellite-stable tumours. Further phenotyping of intra-epithelial T cells by sequential immunohistochemistry showed frequent granzyme B/CD8 co-expression, whereas PD-1/CD8 co-expression was more variable. Using receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis, assignment to immune classes was seen to be feasible with good sensitivity and specificity by CD8 counts only. CONCLUSION A subset of colorectal carcinoma microenvironments is distinguished from the rest by an immune cell composition suggestive of active host anti-tumour immune defence, but this appears to be antagonized by a brisk undercurrent of T cell exhaustion. This observation may have implications for selecting colorectal carcinoma patients for immune checkpoint therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Friedrich Prall
- Institute of Pathology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Maja Hühns
- Institute of Pathology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
Polyomavirus-associated nephropathy (PVAN) occurs in a significant percentage of renal transplant recipients, with BK virus reactivation as the main causative agent. PVAN leads to tubular damage and may result in allograft loss. In this study, we analyzed the antiviral immune response in PVAN. Transcription of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-18 (IL-18) was significantly higher in PVAN biopsies compared with T cell-mediated rejection (TCMR) (1.42 ± 0.20 and 0.69 ± 0.10, respectively; *P = 0.0021). Tubular expression of IL-18 was significantly increased in PVAN compared with TCMR (2.00 ± 0.24 and 1.333 ± 0.13, respectively; *P = 0.028). In contrast, in TCMR, IL-18 was expressed predominantly by CD163-positive macrophages. These data suggest that the antiviral immune response in PVAN is partly coordinated by the tubular epithelium, whereas in TCMR, this may be controlled by inflammatory cells.
Collapse
|
25
|
Maestre-Batlle D, Pena OM, Hirota JA, Gunawan E, Rider CF, Sutherland D, Alexis NE, Carlsten C. Novel flow cytometry approach to identify bronchial epithelial cells from healthy human airways. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42214. [PMID: 28165060 PMCID: PMC5292697 DOI: 10.1038/srep42214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Sampling various compartments within the lower airways to examine human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEC) is essential for understanding numerous lung diseases. Conventional methods to identify HBEC in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and wash (BW) have throughput limitations in terms of efficiency and ensuring adequate cell numbers for quantification. Flow cytometry can provide high-throughput quantification of cell number and function in BAL and BW samples, while requiring low cell numbers. To date, a flow cytometric method to identify HBEC recovered from lower human airway samples is unavailable. In this study we present a flow cytometric method identifying HBEC as CD45 negative, EpCAM/pan-cytokeratin (pan-CK) double-positive population after excluding debris, doublets and dead cells from the analysis. For validation, the HBEC panel was applied to primary HBEC resulting in 98.6% of live cells. In healthy volunteers, HBEC recovered from BAL (2.3% of live cells), BW (32.5%) and bronchial brushing samples (88.9%) correlated significantly (p = 0.0001) with the manual microscopy counts with an overall Pearson correlation of 0.96 across the three sample types. We therefore have developed, validated, and applied a flow cytometric method that will be useful to interrogate the role of the respiratory epithelium in multiple lung diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danay Maestre-Batlle
- Chan-Yeung Center for Occupational and Environmental Respiratory Disease, Department of Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Olga M. Pena
- Chan-Yeung Center for Occupational and Environmental Respiratory Disease, Department of Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jeremy A. Hirota
- Chan-Yeung Center for Occupational and Environmental Respiratory Disease, Department of Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Evelyn Gunawan
- Chan-Yeung Center for Occupational and Environmental Respiratory Disease, Department of Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Christopher F. Rider
- Chan-Yeung Center for Occupational and Environmental Respiratory Disease, Department of Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Darren Sutherland
- Chan-Yeung Center for Occupational and Environmental Respiratory Disease, Department of Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Neil E. Alexis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Chris Carlsten
- Chan-Yeung Center for Occupational and Environmental Respiratory Disease, Department of Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Cho BB, Kelting SM, Gru AA, LeGallo RD, Pramoonjago P, Goldin TA, Heitz CT, Aguilera NS. Cyclin D1 expression and polysomy in lymphocyte-predominant cells of nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma. Ann Diagn Pathol 2017; 26:10-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
27
|
Laurinavicius A, Plancoulaine B, Herlin P, Laurinaviciene A. Comprehensive Immunohistochemistry: Digital, Analytical and Integrated. Pathobiology 2016; 83:156-63. [PMID: 27101138 DOI: 10.1159/000442389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is widely used in contemporary pathology as a diagnostic and, increasingly, as a prognostic and predictive tool. The main value of the method today comes from a sensitive and specific detection of a protein of interest in the context of tissue architecture and cell populations. One of the major limitations of conventional IHC is related to the fact that the results are usually obtained by visual qualitative or semiquantitative evaluation. While this is sufficient for diagnostic purposes, measurement of prognostic and predictive biomarkers requires better accuracy and reproducibility. Also, objective evaluation of the spatial heterogeneity of biomarker expression as well as the development of combined/integrated biomarkers are in great demand. On the other end of the scale, the rapid development of tissue proteomics accounting for 2D spatial aspects has led to a disruptive concept of next-generation IHC, promising high multiplexing and broad dynamic range quantitative/spatial data on tissue protein expression. This 'evolutionary gap' between conventional and next-generation IHC can be filled by comprehensive IHC based on digital technologies (empowered by quantification and spatial and multiparametric analytics) and integrated into the pathology workflow and information systems. In this paper, we share our perspectives on a comprehensive IHC road map as a multistep development process.
Collapse
|
28
|
Prall F, Hühns M. PD-L1 expression in tumour buds of colorectal carcinoma. Histopathology 2016; 69:158-60. [DOI: 10.1111/his.12915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Friedrich Prall
- Institute of Pathology; University of Rostock; Rostock Germany
| | - Maja Hühns
- Institute of Pathology; University of Rostock; Rostock Germany
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Hoelbeek J, Duivenvoorden R, de Boer OJ, Claessen N, Van den Bergh Weerman MA, Roelofs JJ, Kers J, Ten Berge IJ, Florquin S. Unique Renal Manifestation of Type I Cryoglobulinemia, With Massive Crystalloid Deposits in Glomerular Histiocytes, Podocytes, and Endothelial Cells. Am J Clin Pathol 2016; 145:282-5. [PMID: 26796493 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqv027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We describe a 62-year-old woman with a 15-year history of a plasma cell dyscrasia (monoclonal IgGκ), manifested by type I cryoglobulinemia and dermal vasculitis. METHODS In addition to the clinical examinations, light microscopy with immunohistochemistry, sequential multicolor immunohistochemistry, and electron microscopy were used to characterize the crystalline deposits. RESULTS At initial presentation and for a later flare, she was treated with cyclophosphamide and prednisolone with good clinical response. She had renal function decline, microscopic hematuria, and proteinuria. A renal biopsy specimen revealed the presence of glomerular macrophages and duplication of the capillary walls with cellular interposition. Glomerular cells contained abundant needle-shaped eosinophilic crystalline inclusions positive for κ light chain. Electron microscopy confirmed the presence of intracytoplasmatic crystalline structures in endothelial cells, podocytes, and macrophages but not in the tubular epithelium. Rituximab treatment was started. At follow-up (now up to 6 months), renal function remained stable. CONCLUSIONS This patient displays a unique renal manifestation of type I cryoglobulinemia related to a plasma cell dyscrasia.
Collapse
|
30
|
Partial lack of BCL2 in follicular lymphoma: An unusual immunohistochemical staining pattern explained by ongoing BCL2 mutation. Pathol Res Pract 2016; 212:148-50. [PMID: 26725534 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Follicular lymphomas are characterized by overexpression of BCL2 which, in the large majority of cases, is due to a t(14;18) translocation which juxtaposes the BCL2 locus to the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus (IGH). Here, we report partial absence of BCL2 immunohistochemical staining in a case of FL, due to a mutation in the part of BCL2 that encodes the epitope for the most frequently used antibody against BCL2. This finding shows that mutations in BCL2 occur in an ongoing process in follicular which can give rise to unusual immunohistochemical staining patterns.
Collapse
|
31
|
Cortjens B, de Boer OJ, de Jong R, Antonis AF, Sabogal Piñeros YS, Lutter R, van Woensel JB, Bem RA. Neutrophil extracellular traps cause airway obstruction during respiratory syncytial virus disease. J Pathol 2015; 238:401-11. [PMID: 26468056 DOI: 10.1002/path.4660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most important cause of severe lower respiratory tract disease (LRTD) in young children worldwide. Extensive neutrophil accumulation in the lungs and occlusion of small airways by DNA-rich mucus plugs are characteristic features of severe RSV-LRTD. Activated neutrophils can release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), extracellular networks of DNA covered with antimicrobial proteins, as part of the first-line defence against pathogens. NETs can trap and eliminate microbes; however, abundant NET formation may also contribute to airway occlusion. In this study, we investigated whether NETs are induced by RSV and explored their potential anti-viral effect in vitro. Second, we studied NET formation in vivo during severe RSV-LRTD in infants and bovine RSV-LRTD in calves, by examining bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lung tissue sections, respectively. NETs were visualized in lung cytology and tissue samples by DNA and immunostaining, using antibodies against citrullinated histone H3, elastase and myeloperoxidase. RSV was able to induce NET formation by human neutrophils in vitro. Furthermore, NETs were able to capture RSV, thereby precluding binding of viral particles to target cells and preventing infection. Evidence for the formation of NETs in the airways and lungs was confirmed in children with severe RSV-LRTD. Detailed histopathological examination of calves with RSV-LRTD showed extensive NET formation in dense plugs occluding the airways, either with or without captured viral antigen. Together, these results suggest that, although NETs trap viral particles, their exaggerated formation during severe RSV-LRTD contributes to airway obstruction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bart Cortjens
- Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Academic Medical Centre, Emma Children's Hospital AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Onno J de Boer
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rineke de Jong
- Central Veterinary Institute of Wageningen University and Research Centre, Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan Fg Antonis
- Central Veterinary Institute of Wageningen University and Research Centre, Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - Yanaika S Sabogal Piñeros
- Experimental Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - René Lutter
- Experimental Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Job Bm van Woensel
- Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Academic Medical Centre, Emma Children's Hospital AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Reinout A Bem
- Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Academic Medical Centre, Emma Children's Hospital AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Xu F, Yang T, Chen Y. Quantification of microRNA by DNA-Peptide Probe and Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry-Based Quasi-Targeted Proteomics. Anal Chem 2015; 88:754-63. [PMID: 26641144 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b03056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The distorted and unique expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) in cancer makes them an attractive source of biomarkers. However, one of prerequisites for the application of miRNAs in clinical practice is to accurately profile their expression. Currently available assays normally require pre-enrichment, amplification, and labeling steps, and most of them are semiquantitative. In this study, we converted the signal of target miR-21 into reporter peptide by a DNA-peptide probe and the reporter peptide was ultimately quantified using LC-MS/MS-based targeted proteomics. Specifically, substrate peptide GDKAVLGVDPFR containing reporter peptide AVLGVDPFR and tryptic cleavage site (lysine at position 3) was first designed, followed by the conjugation with DNA sequence that was complementary to miR-21. The newly formed DNA-peptide probe was then hybridized with miR-21, which was biotinylated and attached to streptavidin agarose in advance. After trypsin digestion, the reporter peptide was released and monitored by a targeted proteomics assay. The obtained limit of quantification (LOQ) was 1 pM, and the detection dynamic range spanned ∼5 orders of magnitude. Using this assay, the developed quasi-targeted proteomics approach was applied to determine miR-21 level in breast cells and tissue samples. Finally, qRT-PCR was also performed for a comparison. This report grafted the strategy of targeted proteomics into miRNA quantification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Ting Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School , Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Yun Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, 211166, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Targeted Proteomics Enables Simultaneous Quantification of Folate Receptor Isoforms and Potential Isoform-based Diagnosis in Breast Cancer. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16733. [PMID: 26573433 PMCID: PMC4648081 DOI: 10.1038/srep16733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The distinct roles of protein isoforms in cancer are becoming increasingly evident. FRα and FRβ, two major isoforms of the folate receptor family, generally have different cellular distribution and tissue specificity. However, the presence of FRβ in breast tumors, where FRα is normally expressed, complicates this situation. Prior to applying any FR isoform-based diagnosis and therapeutics, it is essential to monitor the expression profile of FR isoforms in a more accurate manner. An LC-MS/MS-based targeted proteomics assay was developed and validated in this study because of the lack of suitable methodology for the simultaneous and specific measurement of highly homologous isoforms occurring at low concentrations. FRα and FRβ monitoring was achieved by measuring their surrogate isoform-specific peptides. Five human breast cell lines, isolated macrophages and 60 matched pairs of breast tissue samples were subjected to the analysis. The results indicated that FRβ was overexpressed in tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) but not epithelial cells, in addition to an enhanced level of FRα in breast cancer cells and tissue samples. Moreover, the levels of the FR isoforms were evaluated according to the histology, histopathological features and molecular subtypes of breast cancer. Several positive associations with PR/ER and HER2 status and metastasis were revealed.
Collapse
|
34
|
Weis CA, Grießmann BW, Scharff C, Detzner C, Pfister E, Marx A, Zoellner FG. On the representation of cells in bone marrow pathology by a scalar field: propagation through serial sections, co-localization and spatial interaction analysis. Diagn Pathol 2015; 10:151. [PMID: 26330285 PMCID: PMC4557224 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-015-0383-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunohistochemical analysis of cellular interactions in the bone marrow in situ is demanding, due to its heterogeneous cellular composition, the poor delineation and overlap of functional compartments and highly complex immunophenotypes of several cell populations (e.g. regulatory T-cells) that require immunohistochemical marker sets for unambiguous characterization. To overcome these difficulties, we herein present an approach to describe objects (e.g. cells, bone trabeculae) by a scalar field that can be propagated through registered images of serial histological sections. METHODS The transformation of objects within images (e.g. cells) to a scalar field was performed by convolution of the object's centroids with differently formed radial basis function (e.g. for direct or indirect spatial interaction). On the basis of such a scalar field, a summation field described distributed objects within an image. RESULTS After image registration i) colocalization analysis could be performed on basis scalar field, which is propagated through registered images, and - due to the shape of the field - were barely prone to matching errors and morphological changes by different cutting levels; ii) furthermore, depending on the field shape the colocalization measurements could also quantify spatial interaction (e.g. direct or paracrine cellular contact); ii) the field-overlap, which represents the spatial distance, of different objects (e.g. two cells) could be calculated by the histogram intersection. CONCLUSIONS The description of objects (e.g. cells, cell clusters, bone trabeculae etc.) as a field offers several possibilities: First, co-localization of different markers (e.g. by immunohistochemical staining) in serial sections can be performed in an automatic, objective and quantifiable way. In contrast to multicolour staining (e.g. 10-colour immunofluorescence) the financial and technical requirements are fairly minor. Second, the approach allows searching for different types of spatial interactions (e.g. direct and indirect cellular interaction) between objects by taking field shape into account (e.g. thin vs. broad). Third, by describing spatially distributed groups of objects as summation field, it gives cluster definition that relies rather on the bare object distance than on the modelled spatial cellular interaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cleo-Aron Weis
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Benedict Walter Grießmann
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christoph Scharff
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Caecilia Detzner
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Eva Pfister
- Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuermberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alexander Marx
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Frank Gerrit Zoellner
- Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
de Boer OJ, Li X, Goebel H, van der Wal AC. Nuclear smears observed in H&E-stained thrombus sections are neutrophil extracellular traps. J Clin Pathol 2015. [PMID: 26205971 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2015-203019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Onno J de Boer
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Xiaofei Li
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Heike Goebel
- Department of Pathology, University of Koln, Köln, Germany
| | - Allard C van der Wal
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|