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Soares FC, Lima RA, de Barros MVG, Dahllöf G, Colares V. Development of dental anxiety in schoolchildren: A 2-year prospective study. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2017; 45:281-288. [DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda C. Soares
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry; Department of Pediatric Dentistry; University of Pernambuco; Recife Brazil
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry; Department of Dental Medicine; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Rodrigo A. Lima
- Center for Research in Childhood Health; University of Southern Denmark; Odense Denmark
- CAPES Foundation; Ministry of Education of Brazil; Brasilia Brazil
| | | | - Göran Dahllöf
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry; Department of Dental Medicine; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Viviane Colares
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry; Department of Pediatric Dentistry; University of Pernambuco; Recife Brazil
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Experiences of dental care and dental anxiety in adults with autism spectrum disorder. AUTISM RESEARCH AND TREATMENT 2014; 2014:238764. [PMID: 25530879 PMCID: PMC4228704 DOI: 10.1155/2014/238764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Dental anxiety is associated with previous distressing dental experiences, such as lack of understanding of the dentist intentions, perceptions of uncontrollability and experiences of pain during dental treatment. People with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are impaired in building flexible predictions and expectations, which is very much needed during a dental visit. The aims of the study were to investigate if people with ASD have more negative dental experiences and a higher level of dental anxiety compared to a matched control group. Forty-seven adults with ASD and of normal intellectual performance, and 69 age- and sex-matched typically developing controls completed questionnaires on previous dental experiences and dental anxiety, the Dental Anxiety Scale, and the Dental Beliefs Survey. The ASD group experienced pain during dental treatments more often than the controls and 22% had repeatedly experienced being forced to dental treatment they were not prepared for, compared to 3% of the controls. A higher level of dental anxiety was reported by the ASD group. Dental treatment and methods for supporting the communication with patients with ASD need to be developed, in order to reduce the negative dental experiences and dental anxiety in people with ASD.
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Salem K, Kousha M, Anissian A, Shahabi A. Dental Fear and Concomitant Factors in 3-6 Year-old Children. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects 2012; 6:70-4. [PMID: 22991640 PMCID: PMC3445318 DOI: 10.5681/joddd.2012.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2011] [Accepted: 01/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Dental fear/anxiety as a barrier in accessing oral health care is poorly investigated in Iranian children. The aims of this study were to evaluate the prevalence of dental fear and behavior management problems, as well as to examine the relationship between dental fear/anxiety and probable concomitant factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mothers of 200 children aged 3-6 were participated in this descriptive-analytic study, and completed the CFSS-DS, SDQ, Chora and Spielberger questionnaires for both child and parents' general and dental anxiety in this descriptive- analytic study. Behavior was evaluated according to Frankl scale. Statistical approaches included T-test, chi-sq, and Pearson Linear correlation. RESULTS The mean score of dental fear was 32.15 ± 10 and the prevalence was 22.2%. Significant correlations were found between child's dental fear, general fear and behavior management problems; however, no relationship was found between child's dental fear and parental dental or general fear. CONCLUSION According to results of this study dental fear/anxiety seems to be more conditional and related to child's temperament than parental impact. Parental evaluation of dental fear can be used as a predictor of child's dental behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katayoun Salem
- Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Maryam Kousha
- Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatric Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Arash Anissian
- Associate Professor, Manager of Research, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asadollah Shahabi
- Associate Professor, Manager of Research, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Andersen ABT, Erichsen R, Farkas DK, Mehnert F, Ehrenstein V, Sørensen HT. Prenatal exposure to acid-suppressive drugs and the risk of childhood asthma: a population-based Danish cohort study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2012; 35:1190-8. [PMID: 22443179 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2012.05073.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2011] [Revised: 12/10/2011] [Accepted: 03/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) may activate the immune system and cause asthma. AIM To investigate the association of prenatal exposure to PPIs and histamine 2-receptor antagonists (H2RAs) with risk of asthma. METHODS In this cohort study, 197,060 singletons born between 1996 and 2008 in northern Denmark were followed until the end of 2009. Data were obtained through Danish medical registries. Asthma in offspring was defined as at least two prescriptions of both a β-agonist and an inhaled glucocorticoid and/or a hospital diagnosis of asthma during the follow-up. Cox proportional-hazard regression was used to compute incidence rate ratios, adjusting for covariates. RESULTS A total of 2238 (1.1%) children were prenatally exposed to PPIs and 24,506 (12.4%) children developed asthma during follow-up (median follow-up = 6.8 years). The adjusted IRR (aIRR) of asthma associated with prenatal exposure to PPIs was 1.41 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.27-1.56), compared with those unexposed. The association did not vary by trimester of exposure, and prenatal exposure to H2RAs was associated with similar increase in risk. The aIRR for maternal PPI and H2RA use in the year after, but not during pregnancy was 1.32 (95% CI: 1.20-1.46) and 1.13 (0.93-1.36), respectively, compared with non-use during and in the year after pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS Prenatal exposure to both PPIs and H2RAs was associated with an increased risk of asthma in our study. Because the observed association is not drug specific and also observed for maternal postnatal use it may be explained by a 'class effect' or maternal underlying condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- A B T Andersen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark.
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Stensson M, Wendt LK, Koch G, Oldaeus G, Ramberg P, Birkhed D. Oral health in young adults with long-term, controlled asthma. Acta Odontol Scand 2011; 69:158-64. [PMID: 21231815 DOI: 10.3109/00016357.2010.547516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study oral health in young adults with long-term, controlled asthma. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty 18- to 24-year-olds with a mean duration of asthma of 13.5 [standard deviation (SD) 5.4] years and 20 matched healthy controls were included. A clinical examination was performed and the prevalences of caries, erosions, gingival inflammation, cervicular fluid and periodontal pockets and the plaque formation rate were registered. The salivary flow rate and the numbers of mutans Streptococci and Lactobacilli in saliva were determined. Plaque pH was measured after a sucrose rinse for up to 40 min at two approximal sites. The participants were interviewed regarding dietary and oral hygiene habits. RESULTS The mean (SD) DFS, including manifest and initial caries, was 8.6 (10.6) in the asthma group and 4.0 (5.2) in the control group (P = 0.09). Initial caries lesions were more common in the asthma group than in the control group: 6.0 (8.1) and 1.3 (2.0), respectively (P = 0.02). The asthma group had more gingivitis (P = 0.01) and a lower stimulated salivary secretion rate than the controls (P = 0.01). The asthmatics also had a somewhat, although not statistically significant, lower initial pH value in plaque and a more pronounced pH drop compared with the controls. In the asthma group, 65% reported frequent mouthbreathing, compared with 10% of the controls (P = 0.01). No differences were found in tooth-brushing or dietary habits between the groups. CONCLUSION Young adults with long-term, controlled asthma had more initial caries, more gingival inflammation and a lower stimulated salivary secretion rate than individuals without asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malin Stensson
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, The Institute for Postgraduate Dental Education, Jönköping, Sweden
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Wogelius P, Rosthøj S, Dahllöf G, Poulsen S. Dental anxiety among survivors of childhood cancer: a cross-sectional study. Int J Paediatr Dent 2009; 19:121-6. [PMID: 19178605 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-263x.2008.00944.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood cancer survivors may have experienced a high number of invasive medical and dental procedures which are known to be risk factors for dental anxiety. AIM The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of dental anxiety among children who have survived cancer. DESIGN In a cross-sectional study, we examined 51 6- to 14-year-old children who had been treated for cancer at Aalborg Hospital, and 192 children without cancer. All children answered the Dental Subscale of the Children's Fear Survey Schedule. Dental anxiety was defined as a dental anxiety score exceeding the mean dental anxiety score + 1 standard deviation for the children without cancer. RESULTS Children with cancer did not have an increased prevalence of dental anxiety compared with children without cancer: the prevalence ratio was 0.41 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.10-1.24]. The mean dental anxiety score was 23.1 (95% CI: 21.2-25.0) among children who had been treated for cancer, and 24.7 (95% CI: 23.4-26.0) among children without cancer (mean difference: 1.6; 95% CI: 1.1-4.3). CONCLUSION Cancer and cancer treatment during childhood were not associated with an increased risk of dental anxiety in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Wogelius
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
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Gustafsson A, Arnrup K, Broberg AG, Bodin L, Berggren U. Psychosocial concomitants to dental fear and behaviour management problems. Int J Paediatr Dent 2007; 17:449-59. [PMID: 17935598 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-263x.2007.00883.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with dental behavioural management problems (DBMP) form a heterogeneous group, where personal characteristics play significant roles. Attention to everyday life and family situation as additional background facets may help to better understand and treat these patients. AIM This study describes everyday life and family situation in child/adolescent patients referred because of DBMP, as compared to patients in ordinary dental care. DESIGN A study group of 230 referred patients (8-19 years old; 118 girls) was compared to a reference group of 248 same-aged patients (142 girls) without DBMP. Patients and parents were interviewed according to a semistructured protocol. RESULTS Patients referred because of DBMP more often lived in low socioeconomic status families, had parents not living together, fewer leisure-time activities, and were assessed as doing worse in social interactions compared to the reference group. Half of the study group had personal professional support, and some had experienced interventions by the social authorities. Whether these findings apply also to children/adolescents with DBMP who are not referred to specialist care remains to study. CONCLUSIONS Many children and adolescents referred because of DBMP have a burdensome life and family situation. This should be paid attention to in research and in clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Gustafsson
- Center for Orthodontics and Pedodontics, Public Dental Service, Ostergötland, Sweden.
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Lee CY, Chang YY, Huang ST. Prevalence of dental anxiety among 5- to 8-year-old Taiwanese children. J Public Health Dent 2007; 67:36-41. [PMID: 17436977 DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-7325.2007.00006.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Many people experience discomfort to a greater or lesser degree about the prospect of dental treatment. Dental treatment can be a terrible experience, especially for children with dental anxiety. This study estimated the prevalence of dental anxiety among 5- to 8-year-old children in Kaohsiung City, Taiwan. METHODS The Children's Fear Survey Schedule-Dental Subscale (CFSS-DS) was translated into Chinese, and a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was made based on criteria determined from pretest clinical observations of a sample population to set a cutoff score. Then, the parental CFSS-DS was used as a screening tool to survey the dental anxiety levels of 5- to 8-year-old children at kindergartens and elementary schools in Kaohsiung City, Taiwan. Participants were selected by stratified random sampling. The stratification was done by geographic district, age group, and sex. A total of 3,597 valid questionnaires were collected. RESULTS The Chinese version of the CFSS-DS had an optimal cutoff score of 38/39 (sensitivity was 0.857, specificity was 0.882) with an area under the ROC curve of 0.912. The estimated prevalence of dental anxiety among 5- to 8-year-old children in Kaohsiung City was 20.6 percent. The dental anxiety score was found to decrease as age increased; primary school boys had significantly lower scores. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of dental anxiety was found to be high for 5- to 8-year-old Taiwanese children. The study's findings point to the urgent need for preventive health education and intervention programs in Taiwan to promote children's oral health and reduce dental anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Yi Lee
- Graduate Institute of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Wogelius P, Poulsen S. Associations between dental anxiety, dental treatment due to toothache, and missed dental appointments among six to eight-year-old Danish children: a cross-sectional study. Acta Odontol Scand 2005; 63:179-82. [PMID: 16191913 DOI: 10.1080/00016350510019829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to estimate the prevalence of missed dental appointments among Danish children at 6 to 8 years of age and to examine the association between dental anxiety, dental treatment due to toothache, and missed dental appointments in a population-based cross-sectional study. The study was conducted in four municipalities in the County of North Jutland, Denmark, and included a total of 1,235 children (response rate 74.1%). Data on missed dental appointments and toothache were obtained from dental records, and data on dental anxiety from the Children's Fear Survey Schedule-Dental Subscale. Overall, 37.7% of children missed one or more dental appointments, while 17.7% missed two or more appointments. These proportions did not differ by age or gender. Among children with dental anxiety, the adjusted OR for an association with two or more missed dental appointments was 1.32 (95% CI: 0.72-2.40), and among children who had dental treatment due to toothache, the adjusted OR of two or more missed dental appointments was 2.61 (95% CI: 1.63-4.18).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Wogelius
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aalborg Hospital, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark.
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Wogelius P, Poulsen S, Sørensen HT. Validity of parental-reported questionnaire data on Danish children's use of asthma-drugs: a comparison with a population-based prescription database. Eur J Epidemiol 2005; 20:17-22. [PMID: 15756900 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-004-1501-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the validity--estimated as the sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values--of questionnaire-based parental reporting on Danish children's use of asthma drugs. Within a population-based cross-sectional study on the association between asthma and dental anxiety, we compared parental answers on their children's use of asthma drugs during the past 12 months with National Health Service (NHS) data from a prescription database on prescriptions of inhaled beta 2-agonists, inhaled corticosteroids, or both for a period of 14 months preceding the date of posting the parental questionnaires. In four municipalities in North Jutland County, Denmark, in 2001, parents of 1273 children between the ages of 6 and 8 years completed the questionnaire. For frequency of use, the sensitivity increased from 57.9% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 47.8-67.3%) for the answer 'Every day' to 91.6% (95% CI: 84.3-95.7%) when the answers 'Every day', 'Often', and 'Sometimes' were combined. The specificity exceeded 95.9% (95% CI: 94.6-96.9%) for all answers. The positive predictive value (PPV) increased from 64.4% (95% CI: 56.1-72.0%) when the answers 'Every day', 'Often', and 'Sometimes' were combined to 94.8% (95% CI: 85.9-98.2%) for the answer 'Every day'. The negative predictive value (NPV) both exceeded 96.7% (95% CI: 95.5-97.6%) for all answers. Questionnaire-based parental reporting on children's one-year asthma-drug use appears to be valid in epidemiological research depending on the study question and design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Wogelius
- Department of Community Oral Health and Paediatric Dentistry, Dental School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark.
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