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Chandra Konda S, Biswas A, Konda A, Raghavendra Rao V, Adepu V. Ectodermal dysplasia-skin fragility syndrome - identification of a novel plakophilin1 (PKP1) gene variant through whole exome sequencing. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2024; 0:1-5. [PMID: 38595014 DOI: 10.25259/ijdvl_420_2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Sharath Chandra Konda
- Department of Dermatology, SVS Medical College, Yenugonda, Mahabubnagar, Telangana, India
| | - Amitabh Biswas
- Department of Orthogenetics Lab and Orthopedics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Amritha Konda
- Department of Medical Student, SVS Medical College, Paulsabgutta, Mahbubnagar, Telangana, India
| | | | - Vilas Adepu
- Consultant Dermatologist, Dr Vilas Skin and Hair Center, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Zhao XJ, Bai CY, Li XY, Wang L, Wang RP, Xia Y, Liu G, Zhao HL, Xu HZ. A Novel Variant in the Desmoplakin Gene in One Case of the Rare Carvajal Syndrome with Dilated Cardiomyopathy: A Case Report and Literature Review. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2023; 16:2737-2748. [PMID: 37799505 PMCID: PMC10547600 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s429030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Carvajal syndrome is a rare hereditary cardiocutaneous syndrome caused by the variants of the desmoplakin (DSP) gene. In this study, we report a patient of Carvajal syndrome with a novel homozygous missense variant of DSP gene. We diagnosed a 7-year-old female patient with Carvajal syndrome characterized by dilated cardiomyopathy, palmoplantar keratoderma, woolly hair, and dental dysplasia, who disclosed a novel homozygous missense variant c.4597C > T (p.Q1533X) in exon 6 of the DSP gene found for the first time. Both her parents were heterozygous for the identified nonsense variant c.4597C > T (p.Q1533X) in DSP gene but neither showed evidence of Carvajal syndrome, indicating that this novel variant causes the disease in an autosomal recessive manner. Genotypes of Carvajal syndrome are even broader than so far anticipated. When patients with dilated cardiomyopathy, palmoplantar keratoderma, woolly hair, and dental dysplasia are found in clinical practice, Carvajal syndrome should be highly suspected, and family gene sequencing should be actively carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Jie Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050031, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chun-Yu Bai
- Department of Cardiology, Shijiazhuang Great Wall Cardiovascular Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050035, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yan Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050031, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shijiazhuang Great Wall Cardiovascular Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050035, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ren-Ping Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shijiazhuang Great Wall Cardiovascular Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050035, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Xia
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050031, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Cardiology, Shijiazhuang Great Wall Cardiovascular Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050035, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050031, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong-Liang Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050031, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong-Zun Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Shijiazhuang Great Wall Cardiovascular Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050035, People’s Republic of China
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Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Genes Contributed to Min Pig Villi Hair Follicle in Different Seasons. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9110639. [DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9110639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Min pig, a local pig breed in China, has a special trait which has intermittent villus and coat hair regeneration. However, the regulation and mechanism of villus in Min pigs have not yet been described. We observed and described the phenotype of Min pig dermal villi in detail and sequenced the mRNA transcriptome of Min pig hair follicles. A total of 1520 differentially expressed genes (DEG) were obtained.K-means hierarchical clustering showed that there was a significant expression pattern difference in winter compared with summer. Gene enrichment and network analysis results showed that the hair growth in Min pigs was closely related to the composition of desmosomes and regulated by an interaction network composed of eight core genes, namely DSP, DSC3, DSG4, PKP1, TGM1, KRT4, KRT15, and KRT84. Methylation analysis of promoters of target genes showed that the PKP1 gene was demethylated. Our study will help to supplement current knowledge of the growth mechanism of different types of hair.
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Zheng Y, Xu Q, Lai W. Novel Point Mutation of EBSS Gene Coexisted with 1p36 Deletion. Ann Dermatol 2021; 33:463-466. [PMID: 34616129 PMCID: PMC8460473 DOI: 10.5021/ad.2021.33.5.463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
EBSS (epidermolysis bullosa simplex superficialis) is mainly caused by gene mutations which targeted protein as plakophilin1, desmoplakin and keratins. 1p36 gene deleted could cause typical clinical manifestations and might also affect the expression of functional genes in other regions. Here we reported the first case of PKP1 gene and DSP gene mutation coexisted with 1p36 deletion presented as serious EBSS and 1p36 deletion syndromes and identified a new homozygous mutation in the PKP1 gene (chr1:201292246 c.1672 T>C) and in the DSP gene (chr6:7580346 c.3923C>T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zheng
- Department of Dermato-Venereology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Qingfang Xu
- Department of Dermato-Venereology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Wei Lai
- Department of Dermato-Venereology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
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Sato T, Okada S, Iwahana T, Kobayashi Y. Variant NAXOS-Carvajal Syndrome with Rare Additional Features of Systemic Bulla and Brittle Nails: A Case Report and Literature Review. Intern Med 2021; 60:1119-1126. [PMID: 33132336 PMCID: PMC8079904 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.5899-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin abnormalities are often indicative of cardiovascular diseases. Such a disease entity is called cardiocutaneous syndrome; however, the details regarding the involvement of bulla and nails remain largely unclear. A 49-year-old man with systemic bulla was admitted for heart failure. His bulla had previously been diagnosed as epidermolysis bullosa, but no known gene mutations for it had been identified. He had a triad of palmoplantar keratosis, curly and fine hair, and cardiomyopathy, which are characteristic of NAXOS-Carvajal syndrome. This case highlights the fact that bulla and brittle nails can accompany NAXOS-Carvajal syndrome, showing that these extra-cardiac findings can help identify otherwise overlooked serious cardiac conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Sato
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Sho Okada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Togo Iwahana
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yoshio Kobayashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
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Doolan BJ, Gomaa NS, Fawzy MM, Dogheim NN, Liu L, Mellerio JE, Onoufriadis A, McGrath JA. Ectodermal dysplasia-skin fragility syndrome: Two new cases and review of this desmosomal genodermatosis. Exp Dermatol 2020; 29:520-530. [PMID: 32248567 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Desmosomes are intercellular cadherin-mediated adhesion complexes that anchor intermediate filaments to the cell membrane and are required for strong adhesion for tissues under mechanical stress. One specific component of desmosomes is plakophilin 1 (PKP1), which is mainly expressed in the spinous layer of the epidermis. Loss-of-function autosomal recessive mutations in PKP1 result in ectodermal dysplasia-skin fragility (EDSF) syndrome, the initial inherited Mendelian disorder of desmosomes first reported in 1997. METHODS To investigate two new cases of EDSF syndrome and to perform a literature review of pathogenic PKP1 mutations from 1997 to 2019. RESULTS Sanger sequencing of PKP1 identified two new homozygous frameshift mutations: c.409_410insAC (p.Thr137Thrfs*61) and c.1213delA (p.Arg411Glufs*22). Comprehensive analyses were performed for the 18 cases with confirmed bi-allelic PKP1 gene mutations, but not for one mosaic case or 6 additional cases that lacked gene mutation studies. All pathogenic germline mutations were loss-of-function (splice site, frameshift, nonsense) with mutations in the intron 1 consensus acceptor splice site (c.203-1>A or G>T) representing recurrent findings. Skin fragility and nail involvement were present in all affected individuals (18/18), with most cases showing palmoplantar keratoderma (16/18), alopecia/hypotrichosis (16/18) and perioral fissuring/cheilitis (12/15; not commented on in 3 cases). Further observations in some individuals included pruritus, failure to thrive with low height/weight centiles, follicular hyperkeratosis, hypohidrosis, walking difficulties, dysplastic dentition and recurrent chest infections. CONCLUSION These data expand the molecular basis of EDSF syndrome and help define the spectrum of both the prototypic and variable manifestations of this desmosomal genodermatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brent J Doolan
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Nesrin S Gomaa
- Dermatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Fawzy
- Dermatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Noha N Dogheim
- Dermatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Lu Liu
- Viapath, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Jemima E Mellerio
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Alexandros Onoufriadis
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - John A McGrath
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, UK
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole A. Najor
- Department of Biology, University of Detroit Mercy, Detroit, Michigan 48221
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Vázquez-Osorio I, Chmel N, Rodríguez-Díaz E, Gonzalvo-Rodríguez P, Happle R, Bueno E, Has C, Torrelo A. A case of mosaicism in ectodermal dysplasia-skin fragility syndrome. Br J Dermatol 2017; 177:e101-e102. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.15374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I. Vázquez-Osorio
- Department of Dermatology; Hospital Universitario de Cabueñes; Gijón Spain
| | - N. Chmel
- Department of Dermatology; Freiburg University Medical Center; Freiburg Germany
| | - E. Rodríguez-Díaz
- Department of Dermatology; Hospital Universitario de Cabueñes; Gijón Spain
| | | | - R. Happle
- Department of Dermatology; Freiburg University Medical Center; Freiburg Germany
| | - E. Bueno
- Molecular Medicine Unit; Department of Medicine; Facultad de Medicina de Salamanca; Salamanca Spain
| | - C. Has
- Department of Dermatology; Freiburg University Medical Center; Freiburg Germany
| | - A. Torrelo
- Department of Dermatology; Hospital Infantil del Niño Jesús; Madrid Spain
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Rietscher K, Wolf A, Hause G, Rother A, Keil R, Magin TM, Glass M, Niessen CM, Hatzfeld M. Growth Retardation, Loss of Desmosomal Adhesion, and Impaired Tight Junction Function Identify a Unique Role of Plakophilin 1 In Vivo. J Invest Dermatol 2016; 136:1471-1478. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Boyden LM, Kam CY, Hernández-Martín A, Zhou J, Craiglow BG, Sidbury R, Mathes EF, Maguiness SM, Crumrine DA, Williams ML, Hu R, Lifton RP, Elias PM, Green KJ, Choate KA. Dominant de novo DSP mutations cause erythrokeratodermia-cardiomyopathy syndrome. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 25:348-57. [PMID: 26604139 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Disorders of keratinization (DOK) show marked genotypic and phenotypic heterogeneity. In most cases, disease is primarily cutaneous, and further clinical evaluation is therefore rarely pursued. We have identified subjects with a novel DOK featuring erythrokeratodermia and initially-asymptomatic, progressive, potentially fatal cardiomyopathy, a finding not previously associated with erythrokeratodermia. We show that de novo missense mutations clustered tightly within a single spectrin repeat of DSP cause this novel cardio-cutaneous disorder, which we term erythrokeratodermia-cardiomyopathy (EKC) syndrome. We demonstrate that DSP mutations in our EKC syndrome subjects affect localization of desmosomal proteins and connexin 43 in the skin, and result in desmosome aggregation, widening of intercellular spaces, and lipid secretory defects. DSP encodes desmoplakin, a primary component of desmosomes, intercellular adhesion junctions most abundant in the epidermis and heart. Though mutations in DSP are known to cause other disorders, our cohort features the unique clinical finding of severe whole-body erythrokeratodermia, with distinct effects on localization of desmosomal proteins and connexin 43. These findings add a severe, previously undescribed syndrome featuring erythrokeratodermia and cardiomyopathy to the spectrum of disease caused by mutation in DSP, and identify a specific region of the protein critical to the pathobiology of EKC syndrome and to DSP function in the heart and skin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chen Y Kam
- Departments of Pathology and Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | | | - Robert Sidbury
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Erin F Mathes
- Department of Dermatology, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA and
| | | | - Debra A Crumrine
- Department of Dermatology, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA and
| | - Mary L Williams
- Department of Dermatology, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA and
| | | | | | - Peter M Elias
- Department of Dermatology, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA and
| | - Kathleen J Green
- Departments of Pathology and Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Keith A Choate
- Department of Genetics, Department of Dermatology and Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA,
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Polivka L, Bodemer C, Hadj-Rabia S. Combination of palmoplantar keratoderma and hair shaft anomalies, the warning signal of severe arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy: a systematic review on genetic desmosomal diseases. J Med Genet 2015; 53:289-95. [DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2015-103403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Tekin B, Yucelten D, Liu L, McGrath JA. Alopecia, palmoplantar keratoderma, skin fragility and follicular hyperkeratoses due to compound heterozygous mutations in desmoplakin. Australas J Dermatol 2015; 58:e17-e19. [DOI: 10.1111/ajd.12385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Burak Tekin
- Department of Dermatology; Marmara University School of Medicine; Istanbul Turkey
| | - Deniz Yucelten
- Department of Dermatology; Marmara University School of Medicine; Istanbul Turkey
| | - Lu Liu
- Viapath; St Thomas' Hospital; London UK
| | - John A McGrath
- Genetic Skin Disease Group; King's College London (Guy's Campus); London UK
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Kashyap S, Shanker V, Sharma N. Ectodermal Dysplasia-Skin Fragility Syndrome: A Rare Case Report. Indian J Dermatol 2015; 60:421. [PMID: 26288439 PMCID: PMC4533569 DOI: 10.4103/0019-5154.160525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ectodermal dysplasia/skin fragility syndrome (ED-SFS) is a newly described autosomal recessive disorder characterized by skin fragility and blistering, palmoplantar keratoderma, abnormal hair growth, nail dystrophy, and occasionally defective sweating. It results from mutations in the PKP1 gene encoding plakophilin 1 (PKP1), which is an important component of stratifying epithelial desmosomes and a nuclear component of many cell types. Only 12 cases of this rare genodermatosis have been reported so far. We present an unusual case of ED-SFS in a 12-year boy who was normal at birth but subsequently developed skin fragility, hair and nail deformities, abnormal dentition, palmoplantar keratoderma, and abnormal sweating but no systemic abnormality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhash Kashyap
- Department of Dermatology, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Vinay Shanker
- Department of Dermatology, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Neelam Sharma
- Department of Pathology, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
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Jan A, Basit S, Wakil SM, Ramzan K, Ahmad W. A novel homozygous variant in the dsp gene underlies the first case of non-syndromic form of alopecia. Arch Dermatol Res 2015; 307:793-801. [DOI: 10.1007/s00403-015-1590-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2015] [Revised: 05/31/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Broussard JA, Getsios S, Green KJ. Desmosome regulation and signaling in disease. Cell Tissue Res 2015; 360:501-12. [PMID: 25693896 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-015-2136-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Desmosomes are cell-cell adhesive organelles with a well-known role in forming strong intercellular adhesion during embryogenesis and in adult tissues subject to mechanical stress, such as the heart and skin. More recently, desmosome components have also emerged as cell signaling regulators. Loss of expression or interference with the function of desmosome molecules results in diseases of the heart and skin and contributes to cancer progression. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms that result in inherited and acquired disorders remain poorly understood. To address this question, researchers are directing their studies towards determining the functions that occur inside and outside of the junctions and the extent to which functions are adhesion-dependent or independent. This review focuses on recent discoveries that provide insights into the role of desmosomes and desmosome components in cell signaling and disease; wherever possible, we address molecular functions within and outside of the adhesive structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A Broussard
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
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Antonov NK, Kingsbery MY, Rohena LO, Lee TM, Christiano A, Garzon MC, Lauren CT. Early-onset heart failure, alopecia, and cutaneous abnormalities associated with a novel compound heterozygous mutation in desmoplakin. Pediatr Dermatol 2015; 32:102-8. [PMID: 25516398 DOI: 10.1111/pde.12484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the desmosomal protein desmoplakin have been associated with various conditions affecting the skin and heart. The prototype is Carvajal syndrome, characterized by cardiomyopathy, woolly hair, palmoplantar keratoderma (PPK), and skin fragility. We report the case of a 3-year-old boy presenting with severe left-sided heart failure with a preceding history of cutaneous abnormalities including congenital alopecia, PPK, nail dystrophy, and follicular hyperkeratosis on the extensor surfaces. Genetic testing revealed a novel combination of two heterozygous mutations in the DSP gene encoding desmoplakin: R1400X and R2284X. Both are predicted to be deleterious to protein function. This case adds to our understanding of the spectrum of clinical presentations of syndromes associated with desmoplakin mutations and highlights the need for cardiac examination in patients with characteristic cutaneous findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina K Antonov
- College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
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17
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O'Shea C, Fitzpatrick JE, Koch PJ. Desmosomal defects in acantholytic squamous cell carcinomas. J Cutan Pathol 2014; 41:873-9. [PMID: 25264142 DOI: 10.1111/cup.12390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Revised: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acantholytic squamous cell carcinoma (Acantholytic SCC) are epithelial tumors characterized by a loss of cell adhesion between neoplastic keratinocytes. The mechanism underlying loss of cell-cell adhesion in these tumors is not understood. METHODS A retrospective analysis of acantholytic SCC (n = 17) and conventional SCC (n = 16, controls not showing acantholysis) was conducted using a set of desmosomal and adherens junction protein antibodies. Immunofluorescence microscopy was used to identify tumors with loss of adhesion protein expression. RESULTS The vast majority of acantholytic SCC (89%) showed focal loss of at least one desmosomal cell adhesion protein. Most interestingly, 65% of these tumors lost expression of two or more desmosomal proteins. CONCLUSIONS Loss of cell adhesion in acantholytic SCC is most likely linked to the focal loss of desmosomal protein expression, thus providing potential mechanistic insight into the patho-mechanism underlying this malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlene O'Shea
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA; Charles C. Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
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Nitoiu D, Etheridge SL, Kelsell DP. Insights into Desmosome Biology from Inherited Human Skin Disease and Cardiocutaneous Syndromes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 21:129-40. [DOI: 10.3109/15419061.2014.908854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Hernández-Martín A, Torrelo A, Ciria S, Colmenero I, Aguilar A, Grimalt R, González-Sarmiento R. Ectodermal dysplasia-skin fragility syndrome: a novel mutation in thePKP1gene. Clin Exp Dermatol 2013; 38:787-90. [DOI: 10.1111/ced.12109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - A. Torrelo
- Department of Dermatology; Hospital Niño Jesús; Madrid Spain
| | - S. Ciria
- Department of Molecular Medicine Unit; Department of Medicine and IBMCC; University of Salamanca and CSIC; Salamanca Spain
| | - I. Colmenero
- Department of Pathology; Hospital Niño Jesús; Madrid Spain
| | - A. Aguilar
- Department of Dermatology; Hospital de Leganés; Madrid Spain
| | - R. Grimalt
- Department of Dermatology; Hospital Clínic; Barcelona Spain
| | - R. González-Sarmiento
- Department of Molecular Medicine Unit; Department of Medicine and IBMCC; University of Salamanca and CSIC; Salamanca Spain
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Barber S, Day P, Judge M, Toole EO, Fayle S. Variant Carvajal syndrome with additional dental anomalies. Int J Paediatr Dent 2012; 22:390-6. [PMID: 22404234 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-263x.2012.01230.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This paper aims to review the case of a girl who presented with a number of dental anomalies, in addition to unusual skin, nail and hair conditions. Tragically an undiagnosed cardiomyopathy caused unexpected sudden death. The case is discussed with reference to a number of dermatological and oral conditions which were considered as possible diagnoses. CASE REPORT AW had been under long term dental care for prepubertal periodontitis, premature root resorption of primary teeth, soft tissue and dental anomalies, and angular cheilitis. Separately she had also been seen by several dermatologists with respect to palmar plantar keratosis, striae keratoderma, wiry hair and abnormal finger nails. Tragically the patient suffered a sudden unexpected death and the subsequent post mortem identified an undiagnosed dilated cardiomyopathy. CONCLUSION The most likely diagnosis is that this case is a variant of Carvajal Syndrome with additional dental anomalies. To date we have been unable to identify mutations in the desoplakin gene. We aim to emphasise the importance of recognising these dental and dermatological signs when they present together as a potential risk factor for cardiac abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophy Barber
- Department of Orthodontics, Leeds Dental Institute, Leeds, UK
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Deficient plakophilin-1 expression due to a mutation in PKP1 causes ectodermal dysplasia-skin fragility syndrome in Chesapeake Bay retriever dogs. PLoS One 2012; 7:e32072. [PMID: 22384142 PMCID: PMC3284538 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0032072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2011] [Accepted: 01/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In humans, congenital and hereditary skin diseases associated with epidermal cell-cell separation (acantholysis) are very rare, and spontaneous animal models of these diseases are exceptional. Our objectives are to report a novel congenital acantholytic dermatosis that developed in Chesapeake Bay retriever dogs. Nine affected puppies in four different litters were born to eight closely related clinically normal dogs. The disease transmission was consistent with an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance. Clinical signs occurred immediately after birth with superficial epidermal layers sloughing upon pressure. At three month of age, dogs exhibited recurrent superficial skin sloughing and erosions at areas of friction and mucocutaneous junctions; their coat was also finer than normal and there were patches of partial hair loss. At birth, histopathology revealed severe suprabasal acantholysis, which became less severe with ageing. Electron microscopy demonstrated a reduced number of partially formed desmosomes with detached and aggregated keratin intermediate filaments. Immunostaining for desmosomal adhesion molecules revealed a complete lack of staining for plakophilin-1 and anomalies in the distribution of desmoplakin and keratins 10 and 14. Sequencing revealed a homozygous splice donor site mutation within the first intron of PKP1 resulting in a premature stop codon, thereby explaining the inability to detect plakophilin-1 in the skin. Altogether, the clinical and pathological findings, along with the PKP1 mutation, were consistent with the diagnosis of ectodermal dysplasia-skin fragility syndrome with plakophilin-1 deficiency. This is the first occurrence of ectodermal dysplasia-skin fragility syndrome in an animal species. Controlled mating of carrier dogs would yield puppies that could, in theory, be tested for gene therapy of this rare but severe skin disease of children.
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Nehme N, El Malti R, Roux-Buisson N, Caignault JR, Bouvagnet P. Evidence for genetic heterogeneity in Carvajal syndrome. Cell Tissue Res 2012; 348:261-4. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-012-1351-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2011] [Accepted: 12/21/2011] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Boyce AE, McGrath JA, Techanukul T, Murrell DF, Chow CW, McGregor L, Warren LJ. Ectodermal dysplasia-skin fragility syndrome due to a new homozygous internal deletion mutation in the PKP1 gene. Australas J Dermatol 2011; 53:61-5. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-0960.2011.00846.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Smith F, Wilson N, Moss C, Dopping-Hepenstal P, McGrath J. Compound heterozygous mutations in desmoplakin cause skin fragility and woolly hair. Br J Dermatol 2011; 166:894-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2011.10664.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Brooke MA, Nitoiu D, Kelsell DP. Cell-cell connectivity: desmosomes and disease. J Pathol 2011; 226:158-71. [PMID: 21989576 DOI: 10.1002/path.3027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2011] [Revised: 10/03/2011] [Accepted: 10/03/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cell-cell connectivity is an absolute requirement for the correct functioning of cells, tissues and entire organisms. At the level of the individual cell, direct cell-cell adherence and communication is mediated by the intercellular junction complexes: desmosomes, adherens, tight and gap junctions. A broad spectrum of inherited, infectious and auto-immune diseases can affect the proper function of intercellular junctions and result in either diseases affecting specific individual tissues or widespread syndromic conditions. A particularly diverse group of diseases result from direct or indirect disruption of desmosomes--a consequence of their importance in tissue integrity, their extensive distribution, complex structure, and the wide variety of functions their components accomplish. As a consequence, disruption of desmosomal assembly, structure or integrity disrupts not only their intercellular adhesive function but also their functions in cell communication and regulation, leading to such diverse pathologies as cardiomyopathy, epidermal and mucosal blistering, palmoplantar keratoderma, woolly hair, keratosis, epidermolysis bullosa, ectodermal dysplasia and alopecia. Here, as well as describing the importance of the other intercellular junctions, we focus primarily on the desmosome, its structure and its role in disease. We will examine the various pathologies that result from impairment of desmosome function and thereby demonstrate the importance of desmosomes to tissues and to the organism as a whole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Brooke
- Centre for Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
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Nahum S, Morice-Picard F, Taieb A, Sprecher E. A novel mutation in LPAR6 causes autosomal recessive hypotrichosis of the scalp. Clin Exp Dermatol 2010; 36:188-94. [PMID: 21070332 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2230.2010.03944.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autosomal recessive hypotrichosis simplex (ARHS) presents with progressive hair loss mainly affecting the scalp area. In a small number of families, the condition has been associated with mutations in three distinct genes: DSG4, LIPH and LPAR6. AIM To identify the molecular basis of ARHS in a consanguineous family of Turkish extraction. METHODS We used a combination of microsatellite marker screening and direct sequencing. RESULTS We identified a novel missense mutation (c.C587T) in the human LPAR6 gene, resulting in the amino acid substitution p.P196L. The mutation affects a highly conserved amino acid residue, and is predicted to disrupt signalling through the P2Y5 receptor. CONCLUSIONS This study provides further evidence supporting a role for the lysophosphatidyl signalling pathway in hair growth and differentiation. In addition, this paper reports, for the first time to our knowledge, the use of homozygosity mapping as a premutation screening tool in the diagnosis of a group of inherited hair disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nahum
- Center for Translational Genetics, Rappaport Institute for Research in the Medical Sciences, Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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Chalabreysse L, Senni F, Bruyère P, Aime B, Ollagnier C, Bozio A, Bouvagnet P. A New Hypo/Oligodontia Syndrome. J Dent Res 2010; 90:58-64. [DOI: 10.1177/0022034510383984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental agenesis is either syndromic or non-syndromic. Here, we describe a familial case with Carvajal/Naxos syndrome associating woolly hair, palmoplantar keratoderma, and biventricular dilated cardiomyopathy. In addition to these signs, all three affected family members had hypo/oligodontia ranging from absence of the lower left second molar to 15 missing teeth, the typical pattern of oligodontia being absent 2nd premolars and absent 2nd and 3rd molars. Mutation screening in the desmoplakin gene ( DSP) revealed a de novo missense mutation (c.1790 C>T, p.Ser597Leu) changing a serine residue conserved in all vertebrates. In addition, this variation was absent from 100 control DNA samples. There were no mutations in the plakoglobin gene. This familial case report and two other previous reports demonstrate that autosomal-dominant mutations in the DSP gene are associated with hypo/oligodontia in the setting of Carvajal/Naxos syndrome. This study suggests that dentists discovering oligo/hypodontia should screen for woolly hair and palmoplantar keratoderma because of the probable cardiac involvement with an inherent high risk of severe cardiomyopathy. In addition, this study reveals the role of desmosomes in the development of teeth and suggests that other genes encoding proteins of the desmosome could be involved in oligo/hypodontia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - P. Bruyère
- Service de Chirurgie Maxillo-faciale et Stomatologie
| | | | | | - A. Bozio
- Service de Cardiologie Pédiatrique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Groupe Hospitalier Est, F-69677, Bron, France
| | - P. Bouvagnet
- Laboratoire Cardiogénétique
- Service de Cardiologie Pédiatrique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Groupe Hospitalier Est, F-69677, Bron, France
- Université de Lyon, Equipe d’Accueil 4171, Laboratoire Cardiogénétique, F-69008, Lyon, France
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Al-Owain M, Wakil S, Shareef F, Al-Fatani A, Hamadah E, Haider M, Al-Hindi H, Awaji A, Khalifa O, Baz B, Ramadhan R, Meyer B. Novel homozygous mutation in DSP causing skin fragility-woolly hair syndrome: report of a large family and review of the desmoplakin-related phenotypes. Clin Genet 2010; 80:50-8. [PMID: 20738328 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2010.01518.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Desmoplakin is an important cytoskeletal linker for the function of the desmosomes. Linking desmoplakin to certain types of cardiocutaneous syndromes has been a hot topic recently. Skin fragility-woolly hair syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder involving the desmosomes and is caused by mutation in the desmoplakin gene (DSP). We report five members from a large family with skin fragility-woolly hair syndrome. The index is a 14-year-old girl with palmoplantar keratoderma, woolly hair, variable alopecia, dystrophic nails, and excessive blistering to trivial mechanical trauma. No cardiac symptoms were reported. Although formal cardiac examination was not feasible, the echocardiographic evaluation of the other two affected younger siblings was normal. Homozygosity mapping and linkage analysis revealed a high LOD score region in the short arm of chromosome 6 that harbors the DSP. Full sequencing of the DSP showed a novel homozygous c.7097 G>A (p.R2366H) mutation in all affected members, and the parents were heterozygous. This is the report of the third case/family of the skin fragility-woolly hair syndrome in the literature. We also present a clinical and molecular review of various desmoplakin-related phenotypes, with emphasis on onset of cardiomyopathy. The complexity of the desmoplakin and its variable presentations warrant introducing the term 'desmoplakinopathies' to describe all the phenotypes related to defects in the desmoplakin.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Al-Owain
- Department of Medical Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Abstract
Desmosomes are intercellular junctions whose primary function is strong intercellular adhesion, known as hyperadhesion. In the present review, we discuss how their structure appears to support this function as well as how they are assembled and down-regulated. Desmosomal components also have signalling functions that are important in tissue development and remodelling. Their adhesive and signalling functions are both compromised in genetic and autoimmune diseases that affect the heart, skin and mucous membranes. We conclude that much work is required on structure–function relationships within desmosomes in vivo and on how they participate in signalling processes to enhance our knowledge of tissue homoeostasis and human disease.
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The desmosomal plaque proteins of the plakophilin family. Dermatol Res Pract 2010; 2010:101452. [PMID: 20585595 PMCID: PMC2879962 DOI: 10.1155/2010/101452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2009] [Accepted: 01/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Three related proteins of the plakophilin family (PKP1_3) have been identified as junctional proteins that are essential for the formation and stabilization of desmosomal cell contacts. Failure of PKP expression can have fatal effects on desmosomal adhesion, leading to abnormal tissue and organ development. Thus, loss of functional PKP 1 in humans leads to ectodermal dysplasia/skin fragility (EDSF) syndrome, a genodermatosis with severe blistering of the epidermis as well as abnormal keratinocytes differentiation. Mutations in the human PKP 2 gene have been linked to severe heart abnormalities that lead to arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC). In the past few years it has been shown that junctional adhesion is not the only function of PKPs. These proteins have been implicated in cell signaling, organization of the cytoskeleton, and control of protein biosynthesis under specific cellular circumstances. Clearly, PKPs are more than just cell adhesion proteins. In this paper we will give an overview of our current knowledge on the very distinct roles of plakophilins in the cell.
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Mahoney MG, Sadowski S, Brennan D, Pikander P, Saukko P, Wahl J, Aho H, Heikinheimo K, Bruckner-Tuderman L, Fertala A, Peltonen J, Uitto J, Peltonen S. Compound heterozygous desmoplakin mutations result in a phenotype with a combination of myocardial, skin, hair, and enamel abnormalities. J Invest Dermatol 2009; 130:968-78. [PMID: 19924139 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2009.357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Desmoplakin (DP) anchors the intermediate filament cytoskeleton to the desmosomal cadherins and thereby confers structural stability to tissues. In this study, we present a patient with extensive mucocutaneous blisters, epidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma, nail dystrophy, enamel dysplasia, and sparse woolly hair. The patient died at the age of 14 years from undiagnosed cardiomyopathy. The skin showed hyperplasia and acantholysis in the mid- and lower epidermal layers, whereas the heart showed extensive fibrosis and fibrofatty replacement in both ventricles. Immunofluorescence microscopy showed a reduction in the C-terminal domain of DP in the skin and oral mucosa. Sequencing of the DP gene showed undescribed mutations in the maternal and paternal alleles. Both mutations affected exon 24 encoding the C-terminal domain. The paternal mutation, c.6310delA, leads to a premature stop codon. The maternal mutation, c.7964 C to A, results in a substitution of an aspartic acid for a conserved alanine residue at amino acid 2655 (A2655D). Structural modeling indicated that this mutation changes the electrostatic potential of the mutated region of DP, possibly altering functions that depend on intermolecular interactions. To conclude, we describe a combination of DP mutation phenotypes affecting the skin, heart, hair, and teeth. This patient case emphasizes the importance of heart examination of patients with desmosomal genodermatoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- My G Mahoney
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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