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Mao S, Qian G, Xiao K, Xu H, Zhou H, Guo X. Study on the relationship between body mass index and blood pressure indices in children aged 7-17 during COVID-19. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1409214. [PMID: 38962763 PMCID: PMC11220196 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1409214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background To explore the relationship between body mass index (BMI), age, sex, and blood pressure (systolic blood pressure, SBP; diastolic blood pressure, DBP) in children during COVID-19, providing reference for the prevention and screening of hypertension in children. Methods This study adopted a large-scale cross-sectional design to investigate the association between BMI and blood pressure in 7-17-year-old students in City N, China, during COVID-19. Thirty-six primary and secondary schools in City N were sampled using a stratified cluster sampling method. A total of 11,433 students aged 7-17 years in City N, China, were selected for blood pressure (Diastolic blood pressure, DBP, Systolic blood pressure, SBP), height, and weight, Resting heart rate (RHR), chest circumference, measurements, and the study was written using the STROBE checklist. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS 26.0, calculating the mean and standard deviation of BMI and blood pressure for male and female students in different age groups. Regression analysis was employed to explore the impact of BMI, age, and sex on SBP and DBP, and predictive models were established. The model fit was evaluated using the model R2. Results The study included 11,287 primary and secondary school students, comprising 5,649 boys and 5,638 girls. It was found that with increasing age, BMI and blood pressure of boys and girls generally increased. There were significant differences in blood pressure levels between boys and girls in different age groups. In regression models, LC, Age, BMI, and chest circumference show significant positive linear relationships with SBP and DBP in adolescents, while RHR exhibits a negative linear relationship with SBP. These factors were individually incorporated into a stratified regression model, significantly enhancing the model's explanatory power. After including factors such as Age, Gender, and BMI, the adjusted R2 value showed a significant improvement, with Age and BMI identified as key predictive factors for SBP and DBP. The robustness and predictive accuracy of the model were further examined through K-fold cross-validation and independent sample validation methods. The validation results indicate that the model has a high accuracy and explanatory power in predicting blood pressure in children of different weight levels, especially among obese children, where the prediction accuracy is highest. Conclusion During COVID-19, age, sex, and BMI significantly influence blood pressure in children aged 7-17 years, and predictive models for SBP and DBP were established. This model helps predict blood pressure in children and reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Confirmation of factors such as sex, age, and BMI provide a basis for personalized health plans for children, especially during large-scale infectious diseases, providing guidance for addressing health challenges and promoting the health and well-being of children.
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Affiliation(s)
- SuJie Mao
- Graduate Development, Harbin Sport University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - GuoPing Qian
- Faculty of Sports Medicine, Gdansk University of Sport, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - KaiWen Xiao
- Discipline Development Office, Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hong Xu
- College of Sports and Health, Sangmyung University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hao Zhou
- Teaching Evaluation Center, Nanjing Police University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - XiuJin Guo
- Discipline Development Office, Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Zhu M, Lv Y, Peng Y, Wu Y, Feng Y, Jia T, Xu S, Li S, Wang W, Tian J, Sun L. GCKR and ADIPOQ gene polymorphisms in women with gestational diabetes mellitus. Acta Diabetol 2023; 60:1709-1718. [PMID: 37524927 PMCID: PMC10587232 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-023-02165-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the associations of GCKR and ADIPOQ variants with the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in Chinese women. METHODS GCKR rs1260326, ADIPOQ rs266729, and rs1501299 were selected and genotyped in 519 GDM patients and 498 controls. Candidate SNPs were genotyped using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) combined with next-generation sequencing methods, and the association of these SNPs with GDM was analyzed. RESULTS We found that GCKR rs1260326 was significantly associated with an increased risk of GDM in the allele model, the codominant model (CC vs. TT), the dominant model, the recessive model, and the genotypic model distributions (p = 0.0029, p = 0.0022, p = 0.0402, p = 0.0038, and p = 0.0028, respectively). The rs1260326 polymorphism was shown to be associated with 1 h-OGTT level and gravidity in GDM patients (CC vs. TT: p = 0.0475 and p = 0.0220, respectively). Diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was significantly higher in the GDM patients with the rs266729 GG genotype compared to those with the CC or CG genotype (p = 0.0444 and p = 0.0339, respectively). The DBP of the GDM patients with the rs1501299 GT genotype was lower than that of those with the GG genotype (p = 0.0197). There was a weak linkage disequilibrium value between the GCKR and ADIPOQ SNPs. CONCLUSIONS The genes GCKR and ADIPOQ may be involved in the pathophysiology of GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manning Zhu
- Cancer Center, Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital(Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yaer Lv
- Cancer Center, Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital(Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanqing Peng
- Cancer Center, Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital(Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yingnan Wu
- Cancer Center, Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital(Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanan Feng
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Tianshuang Jia
- Cancer Center, Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital(Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Songcheng Xu
- Cancer Center, Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital(Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Songxue Li
- Cancer Center, Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital(Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Cancer Center, Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital(Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiawei Tian
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Litao Sun
- Cancer Center, Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital(Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Green L, Byham-Gray L, Kurzer M, Samavat H. Exploration of plasma adiponectin, leptin, and COMT genotype on blood pressure among women who are post-menopause. J Nutr Sci 2023; 12:e100. [PMID: 37771506 PMCID: PMC10523287 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2023.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Research suggests that adiponectin, leptin, and genetic polymorphisms such as catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) genotype may play an integral role in blood pressure status and thereby cardiovascular health. This is an area especially important for women who are post-menopause; however, the current literature investigating these associations is limited. This study was a cross-sectional secondary analysis of baseline data (N 237) from the Minnesota Green Tea Trial (MGTT). The current study explored the relationships between plasma adiponectin, leptin, and COMT genotype on blood pressure measures. Plasma adiponectin and leptin were obtained after an overnight fast of at least 10 h and were measured by the radioimmunoassay method. The relationships were analysed using multiple linear regression after adjusting for potential confounders. Effect modifications by age, body mass index (BMI) category, blood pressure category, antihypertensive medication use, and COMT genotype were also investigated. The majority of participants were non-Hispanic (97⋅9 %) and Caucasian (94⋅9 %). Mean (sd) age and BMI were 60⋅7 (5⋅0) years and 28⋅2 (2⋅9) kg/m2, respectively. After adjustment for confounding variables, neither plasma adiponectin, plasma leptin nor COMT genotype was associated with systolic or diastolic blood pressure measures. The results of stratified analyses also did not reveal any significant interactions or associations. Based on the findings of this study, which utilised more rigorous statistical methods than previous research, neither adiponectin, leptin nor COMT genotype play a role in blood pressure measures in women who are post-menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Green
- School of Health Professions, Department of Clinical and Preventive Nutrition Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Laura Byham-Gray
- School of Health Professions, Department of Clinical and Preventive Nutrition Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Mindy Kurzer
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Hamed Samavat
- School of Health Professions, Department of Clinical and Preventive Nutrition Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
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Mohamed MS, Youssef TM, Abdullah EE, Ahmed AE. Correlation between adiponectin level and the degree of fibrosis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. EGYPTIAN LIVER JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43066-021-00134-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most prevalent chronic liver diseases, particularly in Egypt. It is defined as the accumulation of lipids inside the hepatocytes, in the absence of other etiologies of hepatic damage. It is frequently associated with obesity, diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndrome. Adiponectin is an abundant adipocyte-derived protein with well-established anti-atherogenic, insulin-sensitizing, and anti-inflammatory properties. The liver is a major target organ for adiponectin especially in fatty liver diseases, and this adipocytokine has the ability to control many liver functions including metabolism, inflammation, and fibrosis. In this study, we aimed to find out the correlation between the degree of liver fibrosis in NAFLD patients and their serum adiponectin level as a future non-invasive method for the assessment of liver fibrosis to substitute liver biopsy to avoid its hazardous complication and also to study the correlation between diabetes mellitus as well as obesity and serum adiponectin level.
Results
Fifty patients were selected to participate in our study based on our inclusion criteria. They were recruited from the Internal Medicine Department, Gastroenterology Clinic in Al-Demerdash Hospital using a convenient sampling method. Diagnosis of NAFLD was confirmed by laboratory markers: aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lipid profile, ultrasound, and FibroScan examination. Analyzing the adiponectin levels showed that besides its significant correlation with body mass index (BMI), hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia, it was significantly lower in the high-grade fibrosis group compared to the low-grade fibrosis group with a P-value of (0.000) and a cutoff value for stage 3/4 fibrosis of about 2.31 μg/ml which marked a promising hope of adiponectin being of protective value against liver fibrosis.
Conclusion
Both serum levels and hepatic adiponectin receptor expression are decreased in NAFLD. Therefore, either adiponectin itself or adiponectin-inducing agents might be of key therapeutic interest in the near future in the treatment of NAFLD.
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Muratsu J, Kamide K, Fujimoto T, Takeya Y, Sugimoto K, Taniyama Y, Morishima A, Sakaguchi K, Matsuzawa Y, Rakugi H. The Combination of High Levels of Adiponectin and Insulin Resistance Are Affected by Aging in Non-Obese Old Peoples. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:805244. [PMID: 35069451 PMCID: PMC8777034 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.805244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adipokine dysregulation is a key feature of insulin resistance and a metabolic syndrome associated with obesity. Low adiponectin levels are associated with higher risks of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). However, high adiponectin levels have also been associated with increased all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in the elderly. This adiponectin paradox has yet to be clarified, which has hindered our understanding of the biological role of adiponectin. Adipokine dysregulation and insulin resistance are also associated with energy-deprivation conditions, such as frailty in old age. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between plasma adiponectin and insulin resistance using the homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) classified by age. In particular, we sought to determine the factors of the subjects associated with both high adiponectin levels and HOMA-IR (H-adiponectin/H-HOMA) and high adiponectin levels and low HOMA-IR (H-adiponectin/L-HOMA). METHODS The eligible subjects in this cross-sectional study were 33,216 individuals who had undergone health checkups at the Physical Checkup Center of Sumitomo Hospital between April 2008 and December 2018. After excluding 26,371 individuals who were under 60 years old, 529 who had been taking medications for diabetes mellitus, and 690 with missing data, the present study included 5,673 (3,467 males, 2,206 females) subjects with no missing data. The relationship between serum adiponectin levels and HOMA-IR was assessed using logistic regression models adjusted by clinically relevant factors. RESULTS In the multivariable logistic regression analysis, age and low BMI were shown to positively correlate with the characteristics of H-adiponectin/H-HOMA. In females, systolic blood pressure was also shown to be an associated factor. CONCLUSION In conclusion, this study showed that aging or a low BMI may contribute to high adiponectin levels and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Muratsu
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Sumitomo Hospital, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Nephrology, Rinku General Medical Center, Izumisano City, Japan
- *Correspondence: Jun Muratsu,
| | - Kei Kamide
- Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Takashi Fujimoto
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Sumitomo Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasushi Takeya
- Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Ken Sugimoto
- Department of General and Geriatric Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School General Medical Center, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Taniyama
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Atsuyuki Morishima
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Sumitomo Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Yuji Matsuzawa
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Sumitomo Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiromi Rakugi
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
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Adafer R, Messaadi W, Meddahi M, Patey A, Haderbache A, Bayen S, Messaadi N. Food Timing, Circadian Rhythm and Chrononutrition: A Systematic Review of Time-Restricted Eating's Effects on Human Health. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12123770. [PMID: 33302500 PMCID: PMC7763532 DOI: 10.3390/nu12123770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent observations have shown that lengthening the daily eating period may contribute to the onset of chronic diseases. Time-restricted eating (TRE) is a diet that especially limits this daily food window. It could represent a dietary approach that is likely to improve health markers. The aim of this study was to review how time-restricted eating affects human health. METHOD Five general databases and six nutrition journals were screened to identify all studies published between January 2014 and September 2020 evaluating the effects of TRE on human populations. RESULTS Among 494 articles collected, 23 were finally included for analysis. The overall adherence rate to TRE was 80%, with a 20% unintentional reduction in caloric intake. TRE induced an average weight loss of 3% and a loss of fat mass. This fat loss was also observed without any caloric restriction. Interestingly, TRE produced beneficial metabolic effects independently of weight loss, suggesting an intrinsic effect based on the realignment of feeding and the circadian clock. CONCLUSIONS TRE is a simple and well-tolerated diet that generates many beneficial health effects based on chrononutrition principles. More rigorous studies are needed, however, to confirm those effects, to understand their mechanisms and to assess their applicability to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Réda Adafer
- Department of General Medicine, Henri Warembourg Faculty of Medicine, University of Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Wassil Messaadi
- Department of General Medicine, Henri Warembourg Faculty of Medicine, University of Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Mériem Meddahi
- Department of General Medicine, Henri Warembourg Faculty of Medicine, University of Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Alexia Patey
- Department of General Medicine, Henri Warembourg Faculty of Medicine, University of Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Abdelmalik Haderbache
- Department of General Medicine, Henri Warembourg Faculty of Medicine, University of Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Sabine Bayen
- Department of General Medicine, Henri Warembourg Faculty of Medicine, University of Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Nassir Messaadi
- Department of General Medicine, Henri Warembourg Faculty of Medicine, University of Lille, 59000 Lille, France
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Association of Circulating Omentin-1 with Osteoporosis in a Chinese Type 2 Diabetic Population. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:9389720. [PMID: 33149724 PMCID: PMC7603618 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9389720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Omentin-1, a newly identified adipokine, has been demonstrated to be associated with bone metabolism, but the results have been inconsistent. Moreover, the potential relationship of circulating omentin-1 with diabetic osteoporosis has never been reported. This study is intended for studying the association between circulating omentin-1, bone mineral density (BMD), prior fragility fractures, and other bone metabolic-related parameters. Methods Circulating omentin-1 levels were measured in 172 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and participants were divided into the normal BMD group (n = 52), the osteopenia group (n = 66), and the osteoporosis group (n = 54). The relationship between circulating omentin-1 and diabetic osteoporosis and other parameters was analyzed. Results Circulating omentin-1 was significantly higher in the osteoporosis group than in the normal group and in the osteopenia group (both P < 0.05). Circulating omentin-1 levels were correlated significantly and positively with sex; high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; apolipoprotein A; and prevalence of prior fragility fractures, diabetic nephropathy, and retinopathy; they were correlated negatively with diastolic blood pressure, triglyceride, hemoglobin, atherogenic index of plasma, osteoporosis self-assessment tool for Asians, BMD at different skeletal sites, and corresponding T scores, irrespective of age, sex, and body mass index (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). Moreover, circulating omentin-1 was an independent decisive factor for the presence of osteoporosis only in women after multivariate adjustment (odds ratio: 1.069; 95% confidence interval: 1.003-1.139; P < 0.05). Lastly, the analysis of receiver operating characteristic curves revealed that the best cutoff value for circulating omentin-1 to predict diabetic osteoporosis was 15.37 ng/mL (sensitivity: 71.7%; specificity: 58.5%) in female subjects. Conclusions High levels of circulating omentin-1 may be associated with the development of osteoporosis in female diabetic subjects and may be a potential biomarker for diabetic osteoporosis in women.
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Nishimura M, Morioka T, Hayashi M, Kakutani Y, Yamazaki Y, Kurajoh M, Mori K, Fukumoto S, Shioi A, Shoji T, Inaba M, Emoto M. Plasma omentin levels are inversely associated with atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetes patients with increased plasma adiponectin levels: a cross-sectional study. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2019; 18:167. [PMID: 31805941 PMCID: PMC6894467 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-019-0973-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Omentin and adiponectin are among the anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic adipokines that have potentially beneficial effects on cardiovascular disorders. Recent studies indicate a paradoxical relationship between adiponectin and cardiovascular mortality across many clinical settings including type 2 diabetes. In this study, we characterized the clinical features of type 2 diabetes patients with increased adiponectin levels and examined the association between omentin and atherosclerosis in those patients. Methods The subjects were 413 patients with type 2 diabetes. Fasting plasma omentin and total adiponectin levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The intima-media thickness (IMT) of the common carotid artery was measured by ultrasonography. The subjects were stratified according to the median value of plasma adiponectin. Results In high-adiponectin group, omentin levels were higher, while IMT tended to be greater than those in low-adiponectin group. The high-adiponectin group also exhibited older age, higher systolic blood pressure, lower kidney function, body mass index, and insulin resistance index compared to the low-adiponectin group. Multivariate analysis revealed that omentin levels were independently and negatively associated with IMT in high-adiponectin group, but not in low-adiponectin group, after adjusting for adiponectin levels and traditional cardiovascular risk factors. On the other hand, adiponectin levels were not significantly associated with IMT in either group. Conclusions Plasma omentin levels are inversely associated with IMT in type 2 diabetes patients with increased adiponectin levels and multiple cardiovascular risk factors. This study suggests a protective role of omentin against atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetes patients, which is potentially influenced by adiponectin level and cardiovascular risk status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masami Nishimura
- Department of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Morioka
- Department of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan.
| | - Mariko Hayashi
- Department of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Kakutani
- Department of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Yuko Yamazaki
- Department of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Masafumi Kurajoh
- Department of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Katsuhito Mori
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Shinya Fukumoto
- Department of Premier Preventive Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Atsushi Shioi
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan.,Vascular Science Center for Translational Research, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Shoji
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan.,Vascular Science Center for Translational Research, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Masaaki Inaba
- Department of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan.,Vascular Science Center for Translational Research, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Masanori Emoto
- Department of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
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Epicardial Adipose Tissue Accumulation and Essential Hypertension in Non-Obese Adults. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 55:medicina55080456. [PMID: 31405056 PMCID: PMC6723255 DOI: 10.3390/medicina55080456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is shown to be an important factor in the development of coronary artery disease, but numerous pathophysiological mechanisms of its action are still only partially understood. There is a lack of studies on its association with different grades of essential hypertension (EH). Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the association between size of EAT depots and the risk of EH taking into account its grade. Materials and Methods: Non-obese adult patients with various cardiovascular diseases were investigated: 157 of them had essential hypertension and 101 did not. Hypertensive patients were assigned to three groups according to the grade of hypertension. EAT volume and thickness on ventricular free walls (6 locations) and grooves (5 locations) were measured using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and compared between groups. A regression model for the prediction of EH was constructed. Results: In general, thickness (in all locations) and volume of EAT depots was greater among hypertensive patients than in normotensive (NORM) group. Mean EAT thickness in all 11 locations and EAT volume were lower in NORM than in grade 1 hypertension group; similarly, EAT volume was lower in grade 1 than in grade 2 hypertension group. EAT accumulation did not differ between grade 2 and severe hypertension groups. EAT volume, dyslipidaemia status, body mass index, and age were independent predictors for EH in regression model. Conclusions: EAT accumulation is larger among hypertensive than normotensive individuals. Measurement of EAT depots could be beneficial for identification of hypertensive patients and prediction of hypertension severity.
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Zahary MN, Harun NS, Yahaya R, Nik Him NAS, Rohin MAK, Ridzwan NH, Jumli MN, Wan Jusoh AF. Serum adiponectin and resistin: Correlation with metabolic syndrome and its associated criteria among temiar subtribe in Malaysia. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2019; 13:2015-2019. [PMID: 31235129 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2019.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is characterized as a cluster of metabolic disorder including increased blood pressure, elevated blood glucose level, high cholesterol level and visceral fat obesity. Polypeptide hormones such as adiponectin and resistin play a significant role in glucose and lipids metabolism, liver and pancreas function. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between serum adiponectin and resistin with MetS criteria among Temiar subtribe in Kuala Betis. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross sectional study involved 123 subjects from Temiar subtribe in Kuala Betis, Gua Musang, Kelantan. MetS criteria were measured according to standard protocol by modified National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III) guideline. Anthropometric and biochemical measurements were performed including serum adiponectin and resistin for every study subjects. RESULTS Serum adiponectin was significantly lower in MetS subjects (7.98 ± 5.65 ng/ml) but serum resistin was found to be significantly higher in MetS subjects (11.22 ± 6.34 ng/ml) compared to non-MetS subjects with p < 0.001 and p = 0.002 respectively. Serum adiponectin was negatively correlated with most of the cardio-metabolic risk factors; BMI, waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, triglyceride and total cholesterol. Serum resistin was found to be positively correlated with BMI, waist circumference, fasting blood glucose and total cholesterol. CONCLUSION The difference in serum adiponectin and resistin level among MetS individuals indicated the potential of serum adiponectin and resistin to be used as a biomarker for the diagnosis of MetS among Temiar subtribe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Nizam Zahary
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Gong Badak Campus, 21300, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Nur Sakinah Harun
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Gong Badak Campus, 21300, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Rosliza Yahaya
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Medical Campus, Jalan Sultan Mahmud, 20400, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Nik Ahmad Shaiffudin Nik Him
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Medical Campus, Jalan Sultan Mahmud, 20400, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Adzim Khalili Rohin
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Gong Badak Campus, 21300, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Nur Haslinda Ridzwan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Gong Badak Campus, 21300, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Mimie Noratiqah Jumli
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Gong Badak Campus, 21300, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Azizul Fadzli Wan Jusoh
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Medical Campus, Jalan Sultan Mahmud, 20400, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia.
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Adiponectin: A potential therapeutic target for metabolic syndrome. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2018; 39:151-158. [PMID: 29395659 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Adiponectin is an important adipocytokine secreted chiefly by fat containing adipocytes, and plays a crucial role in glucose and lipid metabolism, inflammation and oxidative stress. Alterations in adiponectin levels have been shown to directly affect lipid and glucose metabolism that further increase the synthesis of lipids, free fatty acids and inflammatory cytokines. Changes in adiponectin levels also contribute to insulin resistance, obesity, cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. In the present review, we provide a comprehensive evaluation of the role of adiponectin and its molecular mechanisms in metabolic syndrome. Clinical improvement in adiponectin levels have been shown to positively modulate lipid and glucose metabolism, thus further substantiating its role in regulation of lipid and glucose metabolism. Currently adiponectin is being investigated as a potential therapeutic target for metabolic syndrome, although more research is required to understand the underlying mechanisms controlling adiponectin levels, including dietary and lifestyle interventions, that may target adiponectin as a therapeutic intervention in metabolic syndrome.
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Solis-Paredes M, Estrada-Gutierrez G, Perichart-Perera O, Montoya-Estrada A, Guzmán-Huerta M, Borboa-Olivares H, Bravo-Flores E, Cardona-Pérez A, Zaga-Clavellina V, Garcia-Latorre E, Gonzalez-Perez G, Hernández-Pérez JA, Irles C. Key Clinical Factors Predicting Adipokine and Oxidative Stress Marker Concentrations among Normal, Overweight and Obese Pregnant Women Using Artificial Neural Networks. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 19:ijms19010086. [PMID: 29283404 PMCID: PMC5796036 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal obesity has been related to adverse neonatal outcomes and fetal programming. Oxidative stress and adipokines are potential biomarkers in such pregnancies; thus, the measurement of these molecules has been considered critical. Therefore, we developed artificial neural network (ANN) models based on maternal weight status and clinical data to predict reliable maternal blood concentrations of these biomarkers at the end of pregnancy. Adipokines (adiponectin, leptin, and resistin), and DNA, lipid and protein oxidative markers (8-oxo-2′-deoxyguanosine, malondialdehyde and carbonylated proteins, respectively) were assessed in blood of normal weight, overweight and obese women in the third trimester of pregnancy. A Back-propagation algorithm was used to train ANN models with four input variables (age, pre-gestational body mass index (p-BMI), weight status and gestational age). ANN models were able to accurately predict all biomarkers with regression coefficients greater than R2 = 0.945. P-BMI was the most significant variable for estimating adiponectin and carbonylated proteins concentrations (37%), while gestational age was the most relevant variable to predict resistin and malondialdehyde (34%). Age, gestational age and p-BMI had the same significance for leptin values. Finally, for 8-oxo-2′-deoxyguanosine prediction, the most significant variable was age (37%). These models become relevant to improve clinical and nutrition interventions in prenatal care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Solis-Paredes
- Department of Human Genetics and Genomics, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Mexico City 11000, Mexico;
- Posgrado en Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico;
| | - Guadalupe Estrada-Gutierrez
- Research Division, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Mexico City 11000, Mexico; (G.E.-G.); (M.G.-H.); (A.C.-P.)
| | - Otilia Perichart-Perera
- Department of Nutrition and Bioprogramming, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Mexico City 11000, Mexico; (O.P.-P.); (H.B.-O.)
| | - Araceli Montoya-Estrada
- Department of Inmunobiochemistry, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Mexico City 11000, Mexico; (A.M.-E.); (E.B.-F.); (V.Z.-C.)
| | - Mario Guzmán-Huerta
- Research Division, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Mexico City 11000, Mexico; (G.E.-G.); (M.G.-H.); (A.C.-P.)
| | - Héctor Borboa-Olivares
- Department of Nutrition and Bioprogramming, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Mexico City 11000, Mexico; (O.P.-P.); (H.B.-O.)
| | - Eyerahi Bravo-Flores
- Department of Inmunobiochemistry, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Mexico City 11000, Mexico; (A.M.-E.); (E.B.-F.); (V.Z.-C.)
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Arturo Cardona-Pérez
- Research Division, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Mexico City 11000, Mexico; (G.E.-G.); (M.G.-H.); (A.C.-P.)
| | - Veronica Zaga-Clavellina
- Department of Inmunobiochemistry, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Mexico City 11000, Mexico; (A.M.-E.); (E.B.-F.); (V.Z.-C.)
| | - Ethel Garcia-Latorre
- Posgrado en Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico;
| | - Gabriela Gonzalez-Perez
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Development, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Mexico City 11000, Mexico;
| | - José Alfredo Hernández-Pérez
- Centro de Investigación en Ingeniería y Ciencias Aplicadas-Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas (CIICAp-IICBA), Universidad Autónoma de Morelos, Cuernavaca 62209, Mexico;
| | - Claudine Irles
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Development, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Mexico City 11000, Mexico;
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +52-55-5520-9900
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Abdel-Fadeil MR, Abedelhaffez AS, Makhlouf HA, Al Qirshi GA. Obstructive sleep apnea: Influence of hypertension on adiponectin, inflammatory markers and dyslipidemia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 24:305-315. [PMID: 28890147 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common but often unrecognized condition with potentially serious complications. The aim of this study was to explore the possible mechanisms linking hypertension (HT), a common cardiovascular disease (CVD), with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) by investigating the levels of morning and evening serum adiponectin, inflammatory markers (TNF-α, IL-6), and lipid profiles in OSA patients with and without HT. Four groups were enrolled in this case-control analytic study: control, OSA, OSA+HT, and HT groups, each of which included 22 subjects. The results revealed low morning and evening serum adiponectin levels in patients with OSA and OSA+HT compared with their control and HT counterparts. Serum adiponectin levels declined progressively with increasing severity of OSA. Also, morning adiponectin levels were significantly decreased at the same time that a loss of the normal diurnal rhythm was observed in the OSA and OSA+HT groups. Both TNF-α and IL-6 levels were significantly increased in the OSA and OSA+HT groups compared with levels in the control and HT groups. Altered lipid profiles was noticed in the same groups. These findings were more pronounced in the OSA+HT than in the OSA group. In conclusion, the biochemical findings of this study demonstrate predominantly low adiponectin levels, increased levels of inflammatory markers, and atherogenic lipid profiles in OSA patients with HT compared with those of the other patients studied. This highlights the possible contributing role of these factors to the pathogenesis of HT as a common cardiovascular complication in OSA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud R Abdel-Fadeil
- Department of Medical physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, P.O. Box No. 71526, Assiut, Egypt.
| | - Azza S Abedelhaffez
- Department of Medical physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, P.O. Box No. 71526, Assiut, Egypt.
| | - Hoda A Makhlouf
- Department of Chest Diseases and TB, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, P.O. Box No. 71526, Assiut, Egypt.
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Eikelis N, Hering D, Marusic P, Duval J, Hammond LJ, Walton AS, Lambert EA, Esler MD, Lambert GW, Schlaich MP. The Effect of Renal Denervation on Plasma Adipokine Profile in Patients with Treatment Resistant Hypertension. Front Physiol 2017; 8:369. [PMID: 28611687 PMCID: PMC5447749 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: We previously demonstrated the effectiveness of renal denervation (RDN) to lower blood pressure (BP) at least partially via the reduction of sympathetic stimulation to the kidney. A number of adipocyte-derived factors are implicated in BP control in obesity. Aim: The aim of this study was to examine whether RDN may have salutary effects on the adipokine profile in patients with resistant hypertension (RH). Methods: Fifty seven patients with RH undergoing RDN program have been included in this study (65% males, age 60.8 ± 1.5 years, BMI 32.6 ± 0.7 kg/m2, mean ± SEM). Throughout the study, the patients were on an average of 4.5 ± 2.7 antihypertensive drugs. Automated seated office BP measurements and plasma concentrations of leptin, insulin, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), adiponectin and resistin were assessed at baseline and the 3 months after RDN. Results: There was a significant reduction in mean office systolic (168.75 ± 2.57 vs. 155.23 ± 3.17 mmHg, p < 0.001) and diastolic (90.68 ± 2.31 vs. 83.74 ± 2.36 mmHg, p < 0.001) BP 3 months after RDN. Body weight, plasma leptin and resistin levels and heart rate remained unchanged. Fasting insulin concentration significantly increased 3 months after the procedure (20.05 ± 1.46 vs. 29.70 ± 2.51 uU/ml, p = 0.002). There was a significant drop in circulating NEFA at follow up (1.01 ± 0.07 vs. 0.47 ± 0.04 mEq/l, p < 0.001). Adiponectin concentration was significantly higher after RDN (5,654 ± 800 vs. 6,644 ± 967 ng/ml, p = 0.024). Conclusions: This is the first study to demonstrate that RDN is associated with potentially beneficial effects on aspects of the adipokine profile. Increased adiponectin and reduced NEFA production may contribute to BP reduction via an effect on metabolic pathways. Clinical Trial Registration Number: NCT00483808, NCT00888433.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Eikelis
- Human Neurotransmitters and Neurovascular Hypertension and Kidney Disease Laboratories, Baker Heart and Diabetes InstituteMelbourne, VIC, Australia.,Iverson Health Innovation Research Institute, Swinburne University of TechnologyMelbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Dagmara Hering
- Human Neurotransmitters and Neurovascular Hypertension and Kidney Disease Laboratories, Baker Heart and Diabetes InstituteMelbourne, VIC, Australia.,School of Medicine and Pharmacology - Royal Perth Hospital Unit, University of Western AustraliaPerth, WA, Australia
| | - Petra Marusic
- Human Neurotransmitters and Neurovascular Hypertension and Kidney Disease Laboratories, Baker Heart and Diabetes InstituteMelbourne, VIC, Australia.,School of Medicine and Pharmacology - Royal Perth Hospital Unit, University of Western AustraliaPerth, WA, Australia
| | - Jacqueline Duval
- Human Neurotransmitters and Neurovascular Hypertension and Kidney Disease Laboratories, Baker Heart and Diabetes InstituteMelbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Louise J Hammond
- Human Neurotransmitters and Neurovascular Hypertension and Kidney Disease Laboratories, Baker Heart and Diabetes InstituteMelbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Elisabeth A Lambert
- Human Neurotransmitters and Neurovascular Hypertension and Kidney Disease Laboratories, Baker Heart and Diabetes InstituteMelbourne, VIC, Australia.,Iverson Health Innovation Research Institute, Swinburne University of TechnologyMelbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Murray D Esler
- Human Neurotransmitters and Neurovascular Hypertension and Kidney Disease Laboratories, Baker Heart and Diabetes InstituteMelbourne, VIC, Australia.,Heart Centre Alfred HospitalMelbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Gavin W Lambert
- Human Neurotransmitters and Neurovascular Hypertension and Kidney Disease Laboratories, Baker Heart and Diabetes InstituteMelbourne, VIC, Australia.,Iverson Health Innovation Research Institute, Swinburne University of TechnologyMelbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Markus P Schlaich
- Human Neurotransmitters and Neurovascular Hypertension and Kidney Disease Laboratories, Baker Heart and Diabetes InstituteMelbourne, VIC, Australia.,School of Medicine and Pharmacology - Royal Perth Hospital Unit, University of Western AustraliaPerth, WA, Australia.,Heart Centre Alfred HospitalMelbourne, VIC, Australia
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15
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Liu W, Jiang L, Chen J, Gao C, Zhou J, Zhou J, Bai Y, Chu H, Fan W, Wang L, Sun Z, Li X, Yang J. Association of adipokines with blood pressure, arterial elasticity and cardiac markers in dialysis patients: cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from a cohort study. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2017; 14:34. [PMID: 28491119 PMCID: PMC5424399 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-017-0185-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adipokines are a set of cytokines secreted by white adipose tissue that have been suggested to be involved in the development of cardiovascular diseases. We aimed to evaluate the cross-sectional associations of a panel of representative adipokines with cardiovascular measures in a cohort of hemodialysis patients. Methods We measured plasma adiponectin, resistin, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), leptin, monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1) and adipsin levels in 366 dialysis patients and 60 healthy controls. The associations of these adipokines with systolic blood pressure (assessed by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring), pulse wave velocity (PWV) and cardiac markers (BNP, NT-proBNP, Troponin I, Troponin T) in these patients were determined by general linear models with stepwise adjustment for covariates. Results In unadjusted comparison with controls, dialysis patients showed increased adiponectin, resistin, MCP-1 and adipsin levels, decreased PAI-1 concentrations (all p <0.001) and similar leptin levels (p = 0.82). On adjustment for body mass index and diabetes, however, the PAI-1 level was comparable between group (p = 0.06), whereas leptin levels became significantly higher in the patients(p <0.001). Higher adiponectin, lower PAI-1 and leptin levels were associated with higher systolic blood pressure, even after extensive adjustment (all p ≤ 0.01). Adiponectin was also consistently and inversely associated with PWV in fully adjusted models (p = 0.003). Resistin, PAI-1, leptin and adipsin showed negative associations with one or more circulating cardiac markers (all p ≤ 0.02). Conclusions We found significant associations between adipokines and cardiovascular measures. Our data suggest the possible involvement of adipokines in cardiovascular modulation in dialysis patients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12986-017-0185-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjin Liu
- Center for Kidney Disease, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 262# North Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210003 China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Center for Kidney Disease, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 262# North Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210003 China
| | - Jianping Chen
- Department of Statistics Analysis, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Chaoqing Gao
- Department of Hemodialysis, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Jianmei Zhou
- Department of Hemodialysis, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Jiajun Zhou
- Department of Hemodialysis, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Youwei Bai
- Department of Nephrology, Luan People's Hospital, Luan, China
| | - Hong Chu
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Yixing People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Yixing, China
| | - Wei Fan
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Yixing People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Yixing, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Wuxi People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhuxing Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Wuxi People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiurong Li
- Department of Blood Purification, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Junwei Yang
- Center for Kidney Disease, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 262# North Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210003 China
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16
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Chirumbolo S. Heart adipose tissue and sudden cardiac death in middle-aged men. Int J Cardiol 2016; 214:362-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.03.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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18
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Waist circumference modifies the association between serum 25(OH)D and systolic blood pressure: results from NHANES 2001-2006. J Hypertens 2016; 34:637-45. [PMID: 26828785 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000000840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Results on the association between vitamin D and blood pressure are conflicting and little is known about how their relationship may be affected by obesity. Thus, we explored whether waist circumference modified the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and blood pressure in participants of the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 2001-2006. METHODS We included 10 331 nonpregnant participants aged 20 years or older. The association of serum 25(OH)D with systolic and diastolic blood pressure, in the total sample and stratified by waist circumference category (abdominal overweight: 80 to <88 cm in females / 94 to <102 cm in males; abdominal obesity: ≥88 cm in females/ ≥102 cm in males), was examined using multiple linear regression. Effect modification by waist circumference was assessed through a cross-product interaction term between 25(OH)D category and waist circumference category. RESULTS Waist circumference significantly modified the inverse association between 25(OH)D and systolic blood pressure (SBP) (P value for interaction: 0.09). A stronger association of 25(OH)D levels below 15 ng/ml (reference: ≥30 ng/ml) with SBP was found in abdominally obese (β = 3.5 mmHg) than in abdominally overweight (β = 2.0 mmHg) and normal waist participants (β = 1.2 mmHg), but this interaction was only significant in participants without antihypertensive treatment. No significant effect modification was found for diastolic blood pressure. CONCLUSION Results from this large, cross-sectional sample suggest that the association between 25(OH)D and SBP is stronger in individuals with abdominal obesity than in those with a normal waist or with abdominal overweight.
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Shafiee G, Ahadi Z, Qorbani M, Kelishadi R, Ziauddin H, Larijani B, Heshmat R. Association of adiponectin and metabolic syndrome in adolescents: the caspian- III study. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2015; 14:89. [PMID: 26688792 PMCID: PMC4683711 DOI: 10.1186/s40200-015-0220-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Background This study aimed to investigate the associations between metabolic syndrome (Mets) and adiponectin concentrations in Iranian adolescents. Methods This study was conducted as a sub-study of a national school- based surveillance program in 10–18 year- old students from 27 provinces in Iran. Plasma adiponectin was measured in 180 randomly selected participants. Metabolic syndrome (Mets) was defined based on the Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP- III) criteria modified for the pediatric age group. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the association between adiponectin and cardiometabolic risk factors. Results The median of adiponectin concentrations was significantly lower among participants with Mets [2.95 μg/ml (interquartile range 2.72–3.30)] compared with subjects without Mets [4.55 μg/ml (interquartile range 3.02–5.75)]. Adiponectin showed significant negative association with higher number of Mets components (P- trend < 0.05). Significant correlations were observed between adiponectin concentrations and metabolic parameters, except blood pressure. Significant inverse association existed between adiponectin levels and presence of Mets (OR, 0.21; 95%CI: 0.10–0.45; p < 0.001). In multivariate models, this association remained significant after adjustment for other risk factors (OR, 0.18; 95%CI: 0.07–0.47; p < 0.001. Conclusions Adiponectinhas inverse association with cardiometabolic parameters in Iranian adolescents, and it is a determinant of Mets independent of other risk factors. These findings can be used in comparison with other ethnic groups. Further longitudinal studies are necessary to assess the clinical impact of such inverse association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gita Shafiee
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Ahadi
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Department of Community Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Roya Kelishadi
- Pediatrics Department, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Heshmat
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Rao A, Pandya V, Whaley-Connell A. Obesity and insulin resistance in resistant hypertension: implications for the kidney. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis 2015; 22:211-7. [PMID: 25908470 DOI: 10.1053/j.ackd.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
There is recognition that the obesity epidemic contributes substantially to the increasing incidence of CKD and resistant hypertension (HTN). The mechanisms by which obesity promotes resistance are an area of active interest and intense investigation. It is thought that increases in visceral adiposity lead to a proinflammatory, pro-oxidative milieu that promote resistance to the metabolic actions of insulin. This resistance to insulin at the level of skeletal muscle tissue impairs glucose disposal/utilization through actions on the endothelium that include vascular rarefaction, reductions in vascular relaxation, and vascular remodeling. Insulin resistance derived from increased adipose tissue and obesity has system-wide implications for other tissue beds such as the kidney that affects blood pressure regulation. The additional autocrine and paracrine activities of adipose tissue contribute to inappropriate activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and the sympathetic nervous system that promote kidney microvascular remodeling, stiffness, and sodium (Na(+)) retention that in turn promote HTN and in the CKD patient, resistance. In this review, we will summarize the important mechanisms that link obesity to CKD as they relate to resistant HTN.
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Ghantous CM, Azrak Z, Hanache S, Abou-Kheir W, Zeidan A. Differential Role of Leptin and Adiponectin in Cardiovascular System. Int J Endocrinol 2015; 2015:534320. [PMID: 26064110 PMCID: PMC4433709 DOI: 10.1155/2015/534320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Leptin and adiponectin are differentially expressed adipokines in obesity and cardiovascular diseases. Leptin levels are directly associated with adipose tissue mass, while adiponectin levels are downregulated in obesity. Although significantly produced by adipocytes, leptin is also produced by vascular smooth muscle cells and cardiomyocytes. Plasma leptin concentrations are elevated in cases of cardiovascular diseases, such as hypertension, congestive heart failure, and myocardial infarction. As for the event of left ventricular hypertrophy, researchers have been stirring controversy about the role of leptin in this form of cardiac remodeling. In this review, we discuss how leptin has been shown to play an antihypertrophic role in the development of left ventricular hypertrophy through in vitro experiments, population-based cross-sectional studies, and longitudinal cohort studies. Conversely, we also examine how leptin may actually promote left ventricular hypertrophy using in vitro analysis and human-based univariate and multiple linear stepwise regression analysis. On the other hand, as opposed to leptin's generally detrimental effects on the cardiovascular system, adiponectin is a cardioprotective hormone that reduces left ventricular and vascular hypertrophy, oxidative stress, and inflammation. In this review, we also highlight adiponectin signaling and its protective actions on the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. M. Ghantous
- Department of Anatomy, Cell biology and Physiology, American University of Beirut, DTS-255, P.O. Box 11-0236, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - Z. Azrak
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, American University of Beirut, DTS-255, P.O. Box 11-0236, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - S. Hanache
- Department of Anatomy, Cell biology and Physiology, American University of Beirut, DTS-255, P.O. Box 11-0236, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - W. Abou-Kheir
- Department of Anatomy, Cell biology and Physiology, American University of Beirut, DTS-255, P.O. Box 11-0236, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - A. Zeidan
- Department of Anatomy, Cell biology and Physiology, American University of Beirut, DTS-255, P.O. Box 11-0236, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
- *A. Zeidan:
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Koyama S, Ichikawa G, Kojima M, Shimura N, Sairenchi T, Arisaka O. Adiposity rebound and the development of metabolic syndrome. Pediatrics 2014; 133:e114-9. [PMID: 24366997 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2013-0966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The age of adiposity rebound (AR) is defined as the time at which BMI starts to rise after infancy and is thought to be a marker of later obesity. To determine whether this age is related to future occurrence of metabolic syndrome, we investigated the relationship of the timing of AR with metabolic consequences at 12 years of age. METHODS A total of 271 children (147 boys and 124 girls) born in 1995 and 1996 were enrolled in the study. Serial measurements of BMI were conducted at the ages of 4 and 8 months and 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12 years, based on which age of AR was calculated. Plasma lipids and blood pressure were measured at 12 years of age. RESULTS An earlier AR (<4 years of age) was associated with a higher BMI (≥ 20) and a lipoprotein phenotype representative of insulin resistance. This phenotype consists of elevated triglycerides, apolipoprotein B, and atherogenic index and decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in boys and elevated apolipoprotein B in girls at 12 years of age. The earlier AR was also related to elevated blood pressure in boys. CONCLUSIONS This longitudinal population-based study indicates that children who exhibit AR at a younger age are predisposed to future development of metabolic syndrome. Therefore, monitoring of AR may be an effective method for the early identification of children at risk for metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satomi Koyama
- Department of Pediatrics, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Tochigi, 321-0293, Japan.
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Eglit T, Ringmets I, Lember M. Obesity, high-molecular-weight (HMW) adiponectin, and metabolic risk factors: prevalence and gender-specific associations in Estonia. PLoS One 2013; 8:e73273. [PMID: 24039900 PMCID: PMC3767784 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The metabolic consequences of obesity are associated with an imbalance of adipocytokines, e.g. adiponectin. However, some obese subjects remain metabolically healthy and have adiponectin levels similar to normal body weight subjects. Current estimates of the prevalence of obesity in Estonia have relied only on self-report data. Objectives To estimate the prevalence of obesity in Estonia, to test for associations between HMW adiponectin and metabolic risk factors and to test if HMW adiponectin levels differentiate metabolically healthy and metabolically unhealthy subjects. Methods We conducted a population-based cross-sectional multicentre study to gather history, examination and blood test results for 495 subjects aged 20–74. Metabolically healthy subjects were free from hypertension, dyslipidaemia, impaired glucose regulation and insulin resistance. Metabolically unhealthy subjects had at least one of these four metabolic abnormalities. Results The prevalence of obesity was 29% in men and 34% in women. HMW adiponectin was positively correlated with HDL cholesterol and negatively correlated with triglycerides, obesity, insulin resistance and blood glucose. This effect was driven by metabolically unhealthy subjects in men, but by both metabolically healthy and metabolically unhealthy subjects in women. Metabolically healthy women had higher HMW adiponectin levels than metabolically unhealthy women. 12% of all obese subjects were metabolically healthy, and their HMW adiponectin levels were similar to normal weight subjects. Conclusions Obesity is more prevalent in Estonian adults than previously thought. HMW adiponectin levels were associated with various metabolic risk factors in metabolically healthy women but not in metabolically healthy men. For both genders, HMW adiponectin differentiates metabolically healthy obese subjects from metabolically unhealthy obese subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Triin Eglit
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Tartu and Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
- * E-mail:
| | - Inge Ringmets
- Department of Public Health, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Margus Lember
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Tartu and Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
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Xing W, Yan W, Liu P, Ji L, Li Y, Sun L, Tao L, Zhang H, Gao F. A novel mechanism for vascular insulin resistance in normotensive young SHRs: hypoadiponectinemia and resultant APPL1 downregulation. Hypertension 2013; 61:1028-35. [PMID: 23478100 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.111.00728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Vascular insulin resistance contributes to elevated peripheral vascular resistance and subsequent hypertension. Clinical observation showed that lower plasma adiponectin concentration is significantly associated with hypertension. This study was aimed to determine whether hypoadiponectinemia induces vascular insulin resistance before systemic hypertension and the underlying mechanisms. Four-week-old young spontaneously hypertensive rats (ySHRs, normotensive) and adiponectin knockout (KO; APN(-/-)) mice were used to evaluate the role of hypoadiponectinemia in insulin-induced vasodilation of resistance vessels. ySHRs showed significant vascular insulin resistance as evidenced by the blunted vasorelaxation response to insulin in mesenteric arterioles compared with that of age-matched Wistar-Kyoto controls. Serum adiponectin and mesenteric arteriolar APPL1 (an adaptor protein that mediates adiponectin signaling) expression of ySHRs were significantly reduced. In addition, Akt and endothelial NO synthase phosphorylation and NO production in arterioles were markedly reduced, whereas extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) phosphorylation and endothelin-1 secretion were augmented in ySHRs. APN(-/-) mice showed significantly decreased APPL1 expression and vasodilation evoked by insulin. More importantly, treatment of ySHRs in vivo with the globular domain of adiponectin for 1 week increased APPL1 expression and insulin-induced vasodilation, and restored the balance between insulin-stimulated endothelial vasodilator NO and vasoconstrictor endothelin-1. In cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells, globular domain of adiponectin upregulated APPL1 expression. Suppression of APPL1 expression with small interfering RNA markedly blunted the globular domain of adiponectin-induced insulin sensitization as evidenced by reduced Akt/endothelial NO synthase and potentiated ERK1/2 phosphorylations. In conclusion, hypoadiponectinemia induces APPL1 downregulation in the resistance vessels, contributing to the development of vascular insulin resistance by differentially modulating the Akt/endothelial NO synthase/NO and ERK1/2/endothelin-1 pathways in vascular endothelium in normotensive ySHRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Xing
- Department of Physiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
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Blaslov K, Bulum T, Zibar K, Duvnjak L. Relationship between Adiponectin Level, Insulin Sensitivity, and Metabolic Syndrome in Type 1 Diabetic Patients. Int J Endocrinol 2013; 2013:535906. [PMID: 23956744 PMCID: PMC3730225 DOI: 10.1155/2013/535906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective. Adiponectin is known to be decreased in insulin resistance (IR) and metabolic syndrome (MS) which can be present in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between adiponectin level, MS, and insulin sensitivity in T1DM. Research Design and Methods. The study included 77 T1DM patients divided into two groups based on the total plasma adiponectin median value. Insulin sensitivity was calculated with the equation for eGDR, and MS was defined according to International Diabetes Federation criteria. Results. Patients with higher adiponectin level (n = 39) had significantly lower waist circumference (P < 0.002), fasting venous glucose levels (P < 0.001), higher HDL3-cholesterol (P = 0.011), and eGDR (P = 0.003) in comparison to the group with lower adiponectin who showed higher prevalence of MS (P = 0.045). eGDR increased for 1.09 mg/kg(-1) min(-1) by each increase of 1 µ g/mL total fasting plasma adiponectin (P = 0.003). In the logistic regression model, adiponectin was inversely associated with the presence of MS (P = 0.014). Conclusion. Higher adiponectin concentration is associated with lower prevalence of MS in T1DM. Whether higher adiponectin concentration has a protective role in the development of the MS in T1DM needs to be clarified in future follow-up studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Blaslov
- Vuk Vrhovac Clinic for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, University Hospital Merkur, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tomislav Bulum
- Vuk Vrhovac Clinic for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, University Hospital Merkur, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- *Tomislav Bulum:
| | - Karin Zibar
- Vuk Vrhovac Clinic for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, University Hospital Merkur, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lea Duvnjak
- Vuk Vrhovac Clinic for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, University Hospital Merkur, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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Increased circulating ANG II and TNF-α represents important risk factors in obese saudi adults with hypertension irrespective of diabetic status and BMI. PLoS One 2012; 7:e51255. [PMID: 23251471 PMCID: PMC3520992 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Central adiposity is a significant determinant of obesity-related hypertension risk, which may arise due to the pathogenic inflammatory nature of the abdominal fat depot. However, the influence of pro-inflammatory adipokines on blood pressure in the obese hypertensive phenotype has not been well established in Saudi subjects. As such, our study investigated whether inflammatory factors may represent useful biomarkers to delineate hypertension risk in a Saudi cohort with and without hypertension and/or diabetes mellitus type 2 (DMT2). Subjects were subdivided into four groups: healthy lean controls (age: 47.9±5.1 yr; BMI: 22.9±2.1 Kg/m2), non-hypertensive obese (age: 46.1±5.0 yr; BMI: 33.7±4.2 Kg/m2), hypertensive obese (age: 48.6±6.1 yr; BMI: 36.5±7.7 Kg/m2) and hypertensive obese with DMT2 (age: 50.8±6.0 yr; BMI: 35.3±6.7 Kg/m2). Anthropometric data were collected from all subjects and fasting blood samples were utilized for biochemical analysis. Serum angiotensin II (ANG II) levels were elevated in hypertensive obese (p<0.05) and hypertensive obese with DMT2 (p<0.001) compared with normotensive controls. Systolic blood pressure was positively associated with BMI (p<0.001), glucose (p<0.001), insulin (p<0.05), HOMA-IR (p<0.001), leptin (p<0.01), TNF-α (p<0.001) and ANG II (p<0.05). Associations between ANG II and TNF-α with systolic blood pressure remained significant after controlling for BMI. Additionally CRP (p<0.05), leptin (p<0.001) and leptin/adiponectin ratio (p<0.001) were also significantly associated with the hypertension phenotype. In conclusion our data suggests that circulating pro-inflammatory adipokines, particularly ANG II and, TNF-α, represent important factors associated with a hypertension phenotype and may directly contribute to predicting and exacerbating hypertension risk.
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