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Zykova MV, Bratishko KA, Buyko EE, Azarkina LA, Ivanov VV, Mihalyov DA, Trofimova ES, Danilets MG, Ligacheva AA, Konstantinov AI, Ufandeev AA, Rabtsevich ES, Drygunova LA, Zima AP, Bashirov SR, Udut EV, Belousov MV. Coal-Derived Humic Substances: Insight into Chemical Structure Parameters and Biomedical Properties. Molecules 2024; 29:1530. [PMID: 38611808 PMCID: PMC11013056 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
An investigation was carried out on humic substances (HSs) isolated from the coal of the Kansk-Achinsk basin (Krasnoyarsk Territory, Russia). The coal HSs demonstrate the main parameters of molecular structure inherent to this class of natural compounds. An assessment was performed for the chemical, microbiological, and pharmacological safety parameters, as well as the biological efficacy. The HS sample meets the safety requirements in microbiological purity, toxic metals content (lead, cadmium, mercury, arsenic), and radionuclides. The presence of 11 essential elements was determined. The absence of general, systemic toxicity, cytotoxicity, and allergenic properties was demonstrated. The coal HS sample was classified as a Class V hazard (low danger substances). High antioxidant and antiradical activities and immunotropic and cytoprotective properties were identified. The ability of the HS to inhibit hydroxyl radicals and superoxide anion radicals was revealed. Pronounced actoprotective and nootropic activities were also demonstrated in vivo. Intragastric administration of the HS sample resulted in the improvement of physical parameters in mice as assessed by the "swim exhaustion" test. Furthermore, intragastric administration in mice with cholinergic dysfunction led to a higher ability of animals with scopolamine-induced amnesia to form conditioned reflexes. These findings suggest that the studied HS sample is a safe and effective natural substance, making it suitable for use as a dietary bioactive supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria V. Zykova
- Pharmaceutical Faculty, Siberian State Medical University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (K.A.B.); (E.E.B.); (L.A.A.); (V.V.I.); (D.A.M.); (E.S.T.); (A.A.U.); (E.S.R.); (L.A.D.); (A.P.Z.); (S.R.B.); (E.V.U.); (M.V.B.)
| | - Kristina A. Bratishko
- Pharmaceutical Faculty, Siberian State Medical University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (K.A.B.); (E.E.B.); (L.A.A.); (V.V.I.); (D.A.M.); (E.S.T.); (A.A.U.); (E.S.R.); (L.A.D.); (A.P.Z.); (S.R.B.); (E.V.U.); (M.V.B.)
| | - Evgeny E. Buyko
- Pharmaceutical Faculty, Siberian State Medical University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (K.A.B.); (E.E.B.); (L.A.A.); (V.V.I.); (D.A.M.); (E.S.T.); (A.A.U.); (E.S.R.); (L.A.D.); (A.P.Z.); (S.R.B.); (E.V.U.); (M.V.B.)
| | - Lyudmila A. Azarkina
- Pharmaceutical Faculty, Siberian State Medical University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (K.A.B.); (E.E.B.); (L.A.A.); (V.V.I.); (D.A.M.); (E.S.T.); (A.A.U.); (E.S.R.); (L.A.D.); (A.P.Z.); (S.R.B.); (E.V.U.); (M.V.B.)
| | - Vladimir V. Ivanov
- Pharmaceutical Faculty, Siberian State Medical University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (K.A.B.); (E.E.B.); (L.A.A.); (V.V.I.); (D.A.M.); (E.S.T.); (A.A.U.); (E.S.R.); (L.A.D.); (A.P.Z.); (S.R.B.); (E.V.U.); (M.V.B.)
| | - Dmitrii A. Mihalyov
- Pharmaceutical Faculty, Siberian State Medical University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (K.A.B.); (E.E.B.); (L.A.A.); (V.V.I.); (D.A.M.); (E.S.T.); (A.A.U.); (E.S.R.); (L.A.D.); (A.P.Z.); (S.R.B.); (E.V.U.); (M.V.B.)
| | - Evgeniya S. Trofimova
- Pharmaceutical Faculty, Siberian State Medical University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (K.A.B.); (E.E.B.); (L.A.A.); (V.V.I.); (D.A.M.); (E.S.T.); (A.A.U.); (E.S.R.); (L.A.D.); (A.P.Z.); (S.R.B.); (E.V.U.); (M.V.B.)
- Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (M.G.D.); (A.A.L.)
| | - Marina G. Danilets
- Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (M.G.D.); (A.A.L.)
| | - Anastasia A. Ligacheva
- Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (M.G.D.); (A.A.L.)
| | - Andrey I. Konstantinov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory 1-3, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Alexander A. Ufandeev
- Pharmaceutical Faculty, Siberian State Medical University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (K.A.B.); (E.E.B.); (L.A.A.); (V.V.I.); (D.A.M.); (E.S.T.); (A.A.U.); (E.S.R.); (L.A.D.); (A.P.Z.); (S.R.B.); (E.V.U.); (M.V.B.)
| | - Evgenia S. Rabtsevich
- Pharmaceutical Faculty, Siberian State Medical University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (K.A.B.); (E.E.B.); (L.A.A.); (V.V.I.); (D.A.M.); (E.S.T.); (A.A.U.); (E.S.R.); (L.A.D.); (A.P.Z.); (S.R.B.); (E.V.U.); (M.V.B.)
- Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Larisa A. Drygunova
- Pharmaceutical Faculty, Siberian State Medical University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (K.A.B.); (E.E.B.); (L.A.A.); (V.V.I.); (D.A.M.); (E.S.T.); (A.A.U.); (E.S.R.); (L.A.D.); (A.P.Z.); (S.R.B.); (E.V.U.); (M.V.B.)
| | - Anastasia P. Zima
- Pharmaceutical Faculty, Siberian State Medical University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (K.A.B.); (E.E.B.); (L.A.A.); (V.V.I.); (D.A.M.); (E.S.T.); (A.A.U.); (E.S.R.); (L.A.D.); (A.P.Z.); (S.R.B.); (E.V.U.); (M.V.B.)
| | - Sergey R. Bashirov
- Pharmaceutical Faculty, Siberian State Medical University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (K.A.B.); (E.E.B.); (L.A.A.); (V.V.I.); (D.A.M.); (E.S.T.); (A.A.U.); (E.S.R.); (L.A.D.); (A.P.Z.); (S.R.B.); (E.V.U.); (M.V.B.)
| | - Elena V. Udut
- Pharmaceutical Faculty, Siberian State Medical University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (K.A.B.); (E.E.B.); (L.A.A.); (V.V.I.); (D.A.M.); (E.S.T.); (A.A.U.); (E.S.R.); (L.A.D.); (A.P.Z.); (S.R.B.); (E.V.U.); (M.V.B.)
| | - Mikhail V. Belousov
- Pharmaceutical Faculty, Siberian State Medical University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (K.A.B.); (E.E.B.); (L.A.A.); (V.V.I.); (D.A.M.); (E.S.T.); (A.A.U.); (E.S.R.); (L.A.D.); (A.P.Z.); (S.R.B.); (E.V.U.); (M.V.B.)
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Hussain A, Saeed A. Hazardous or Advantageous: Uncovering the Roles of Heavy Metals and Humic Substances in Shilajit (Phyto-mineral) with Emphasis on Heavy Metals Toxicity and Their Detoxification Mechanisms. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024:10.1007/s12011-024-04109-4. [PMID: 38393486 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-024-04109-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Shilajit is a phyto-mineral diffusion and semi-solid matter used as traditional medicine with extraordinary health benefits. This study provides a comprehensive data on Shilajit with emphasis on heavy metal profile, associated toxicities, and metal detoxification mechanisms by humic substances present in Shilajit. Data was searched across papers and traditional books using Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, Medline, SciELO, Web of Science, and Scopus as key scientific databases. Findings showed that Shilajit is distributed in almost 20 regions of the world with uses against 20 health problems as traditional medicine. With various humic substances, almost 11 biological activities were reported in Shilajit. This phyto-mineral diffusion possesses around 65 heavy metals including the toxic heavy metals like Cu, Al, Pb, As, Cd, and Hg. However, humic substances in Shilajit actively detoxify around 12 heavy metals. The recommended levels of heavy metals by WHO and FDA in herbal drugs is 0.20 and 0.30 ppm for Cd, 1 ppm for Hg, 10.00 ppm for As and Pb, 20 ppm for Cu, and 50 ppm for Zn. The levels of reported metals in Shilajit were found to be lower than the permissible limits set by WHO and FDA, except in few studies where exceeded levels were reported. Shilajit consumption without knowing permissible levels of metals is not safe and could pose serious health problems. Although the humic substances and few metals in Shilajit are beneficial in terms of chelating toxic heavy metals, the data on metal detoxification still needs to be clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adil Hussain
- Food and Biotechnology Research Centre, Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (PCSIR) Laboratories Complex, Ferozepur Road, Lahore, 54600, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | - Asma Saeed
- Food and Biotechnology Research Centre, Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (PCSIR) Laboratories Complex, Ferozepur Road, Lahore, 54600, Punjab, Pakistan
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Liu L, Yang N, Chen Y, Xu Z, Zhang Q, Miao X, Zhao Y, Hu G, Liu L, Song Z, Li X. Effects of fulvic acid on broiler performance, blood biochemistry, and intestinal microflora. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103273. [PMID: 38096671 PMCID: PMC10762468 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
To study the effects of mineral fulvic acid (FuA) on broiler performance, slaughter performance, blood biochemistry index, antioxidant function, immune performance, and intestinal microflora, 360 Arbor Acres (AA) broiler chickens with similar body weights were randomly divided into 5 groups with 6 replicates in each group and 12 chickens in each replicate in the current study. Chickens in the control group (C) were fed with the basal diet, and chickens in the test groups (I, II, III, and IV) were fed with the diet supplemented with 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.3% mineral FuA, respectively. The indicators were measured on the hatching day, d 21 and d 35. From the whole experimental period, FuA supplement significantly increased average body weight (ABW) (P < 0.05), average daily gain (ADG) of broilers (P < 0.05), and thymus weight (P < 0.05) in II and IV groups, but bascially reduced the pH value of thigh meat. FuA supplement significantly improved aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity in the group III on d 35 (P < 0.05) and the serum levels of IgA and IgG on d 21 and d 35 (P < 0.05), but reduced glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) level on d 21 (P < 0.05) and malondialdehyde (MDA) level in serum on d 35 (P < 0.05). FuA supplement significantly affected the abundance of Barnesiella, Lachnospiraceae, Alistipes, Lactobacillus, and Christensenellaceae on genus level. Differences between group III and other groups were significant in the genera microflora composition on d 21 and d 35. Functional analysis showed that the cecum microbiota were mainly enriched in carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and energy metabolism. In conclusion, FuA may potentially have significant positive effects on the growth performance and immune function of AA chickens through the modulation of the gut microbiota, and the 0.1% FuA was the best in broiler diet based on the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Na Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Yueji Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Zhihao Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Qingwei Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Xiuxiu Miao
- College of Animal Science and Technology Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Yanan Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Geng Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Liying Liu
- College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Zhi Song
- Shandong Agricultural Fertilizer Technology Co., Ltd., Feicheng, Shandong 271600, China
| | - Xianyao Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China; Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-Grain Feed Resources (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tai'an 271018, China.
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Elnesr SS, Abdel-Razik AH, Abdelsalam AM, Nabil TM, Elwan HAM. Effect of probiotics and humate substances on blood parameters, intestinal development and immune organs of growing quail. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:3647-3657. [PMID: 36914984 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2023.2188054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate impacts of dietary probiotics (Bacillus subtilis PB6) and humate substances (HS) supplementation on histomorphometry of small intestine and immune organs, blood parameters of growing quail. A total of 216 unsexed quails (seven days old) were randomly distributed to six groups. The 1st group did not receive any supplements (control), 2nd group received B. subtilis (CloSTAT: 0.5 g/kg diet), 3rd and 4th groups received HS (4 and 8 g/kg diet, respectively), 5th and 6th groups received CloSTAT + 4g HS and CloSTAT + 8g HS, respectively. Results showed that the inclusion of B. subtilis alone in quail diets significantly improved histomorphometry indices of intestine and immune organs compared to the control. Dietary supplementation of HS alone led to deteriorating histomorphometry indices of intestinal segments and immune organs compared to the control. CloSTAT, HS or both improved lipid profile and antioxidant parameters. Serum mineral levels did not differ significantly among groups except for Ca levels. In conclusion, dietary probiotics supplementation enhanced histomorphometry of intestine and immune organs and improved serum Ca, lipid profile and antioxidant indices. Moreover, the addition of HS (4 or 8 g/kg diet) improved lipid profile and antioxidant indices, but led to undesirable results in intestinal development and immune organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaaban S Elnesr
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - A H Abdel-Razik
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Adel M Abdelsalam
- Animal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Taghreed M Nabil
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Hamada A M Elwan
- Animal and Poultry Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University, El-Minya, Egypt
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He Y, Wang D, Liu K, Deng S, Liu Y. Sodium humate alleviates LPS-induced intestinal barrier injury by improving intestinal immune function and regulating gut microbiota. Mol Immunol 2023; 161:61-73. [PMID: 37499314 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2023.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Sodium humate (HNa), known for its abundant functional active groups, is extensively utilized in food dietary supplements due to its versatile properties. Furthermore, HNa possesses notable anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-diarrheal properties. This research endeavor aimed to elucidate the protective effects of HNa against intestinal barrier injury induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The findings of this study demonstrated that pretreatment with HNa effectively mitigated intestinal barrier injury in the jejunum. HNa exhibited inhibitory effects on the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and the production of inflammatory factors within the intestine. HNa supplementation also contributed to the upregulation of mucin and tight junctions (TJs) expression, consequently enhancing the integrity of the intestinal barrier. Notably, our investigation revealed that HNa shared comparable efficacy with the TLR4 inhibitor TAK-242 in inhibiting the TLR4/NFκB signaling pathway. Furthermore, an in-depth analysis of the gut microbiota demonstrated that HNa exerted a regulatory influence on LPS-induced microflora disturbance. In conclusion, these findings collectively indicate that HNa mitigates LPS-induced mucosal damage in the jejunum and preserves the integrity of the intestinal barrier by modulating intestinal immune function and regulating gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Dong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271000, PR China
| | - Kexin Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Shouxiang Deng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Yun Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China.
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Xin P, Wang S, Xu X, Liu Q, Zhang C. Natural fulvic acids inhibit non-small-cell lung cancer through the COX-2/PGE2/EP4 axis: In silico and in vivo assessments. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17080. [PMID: 37484418 PMCID: PMC10361232 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a major public health concern with a high incidence worldwide. Coal-derived fulvic acids (FAs) contain functional groups in their chemical structures. Overexpression of cyclooxygenases-2 (COX-2), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and the PGE2 receptor EP4 subtype (EP4) can have a potential link with the increased tumor incidence and promoted tumor growth and metastasis in NSCLC. This study aimed to assess the biological roles of coal-derived FAs in the growth and development of NSCLC and to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms. Methods A web-based tool for predicting small-molecule pharmacokinetics (pkCSM) was used to analyze the absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) properties of FAs. Molecular docking and dynamic simulations were performed to analyze the binding affinities of COX-2 and EP4 to FA. An acute toxicity test and an antitumor study were used to analyze the toxicity and anti-NSCLC effects of FAs. Thirty NSCLC-bearing nude mice were randomly divided into five groups (six mice per group): vehicle control, positive control with 20 mg/kg body weight (BW) 5-fluorouracil, and three treatments with 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg BW FAs. The BW and tumor volume were recorded, and the COX-2, PGE2, and EP4 protein expression were measured and analyzed. Results Using the predictive pkCSM algorithm, we found that FA did not cause developmental toxicity. Molecular simulations revealed that COX-2 and EP4 expression was inhibited by FA. An acute toxicity test conformed that the maximum tolerated FAs dose was >3.0 g/kg BW. The animal study demonstrated that FA treatment significantly downregulated the expression of COX-2, PGE2, and EP4 in NSCLC-bearing mice compared to that in vehicle control mice (p < 0.01). Conclusions Natural FAs may exert anti-NSCLC effects through the COX-2/PGE2/EP4 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Xin
- Department of Stomatology, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, China
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Shirui Wang
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Qingmei Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, China
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Caifeng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Taiyuan Normal University, Humic Acid Engineering and Technology Research Center of Shanxi Province, Jinzhong, 030619, China
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Akaichi A, Jebali A, Benlarbi M, Mahjoub T, Kaboudi K, Chaouacha-Chekir RB, Haouas Z, Boudhrioua N. Effects of humic acid and organic acids supplements on performance, meat quality, leukocyte count, and histopathological changes in spleen and liver of broiler chickens. Res Vet Sci 2022; 150:179-188. [PMID: 35842949 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effect of Humic Acid (HA), Organic Acids (OA), and their combination (HAOA) on the growth performance, meat quality, leukocyte count, and histopathological changes in the liver and spleen of broiler chickens. A total of 2100 one-day-old mix-sexed broiler chickens were randomly divided into 4 groups with 5 replicates per treatment using 105 birds per pen (pen is used as an experimental unit). Treatments were: 1) Control (basal diet without additives), 2) Basal diet +0.1% HA, 3) Basel diet +0.1% HA+ 0.02% OA, 4) Basel diet +0.02% OA. Growth performance was not significantly affected by all dietary treatments during the experiment period. Sensory evaluation of breast meat indicated a significant positive response for color and smell corresponding to treatment 2) Basal diet +0.1% HA and treatment 3) Basel diet +0.1% HA+ 0.02% OA (P < 0.05). Birds receiving HA and HAOA developed fewer hepatic lesions compared to the control group (P < 0.05) and showed normal spleen structure with the extension of the white pulp area. Supplementation of HAOA corresponds to a lower heterophil to lymphocyte (H/L) ratio. The combination of HA and OA improves sensory attributes of cooked breast meat, H/L ratio, and preserves the histological structure of the spleen and liver of broiler chickens. HAOA can be recommended as a combined feed additive to improve broiler chickens' health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Akaichi
- Laboratory of Physiopathology, Food and Biomolecules, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, BiotechPôlet, BP-66, 2020, Sidi Thabet, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Abdallah Jebali
- Poulina Group Holding, Z.I. Borj Cédria, Bir Bey 2055, Ben Arous, Tunisia.
| | - Maha Benlarbi
- Laboratory of Physiopathology, Food and Biomolecules, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, BiotechPôlet, BP-66, 2020, Sidi Thabet, Ariana, Tunisia; The Institute for Biomedical and Bioscience Research, the Clore Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, the University of Buckingham, Hunter Street, MK18 1EG Buckingham, UK
| | - Tarek Mahjoub
- Biochemistry Laboratory, National School of Veterinary Medicine Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, Sidi Thabet 2020, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Khaled Kaboudi
- Department of Poultry Farming and Pathology, National School of Veterinary Medicine, Manouba University, Sidi Thabet 2020, Ariana, Tunisia.
| | - Rafika Ben Chaouacha-Chekir
- Laboratory of Physiopathology, Food and Biomolecules, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, BiotechPôlet, BP-66, 2020, Sidi Thabet, Ariana, Tunisia.
| | - Zohra Haouas
- Laboratory of Histology Embryology and Cytogenetic, Faculty of Medicine of Monastir, University of Monastir, Av. Avicenne, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Nourhene Boudhrioua
- Laboratory of Physiopathology, Food and Biomolecules, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, BiotechPôlet, BP-66, 2020, Sidi Thabet, Ariana, Tunisia.
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Hajdrik P, Pályi B, Kis Z, Kovács N, Veres DS, Szigeti K, Budán F, Hegedüs I, Kovács T, Bergmann R, Máthé D. In Vitro Determination of Inhibitory Effects of Humic Substances Complexing Zn and Se on SARS-CoV-2 Virus Replication. Foods 2022; 11:694. [PMID: 35267328 PMCID: PMC8909382 DOI: 10.3390/foods11050694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Humic substances are well-known human nutritional supplement materials and they play an important performance-enhancing role as animal feed additives. For decades, ingredients of humic substances have been proven to carry potent antiviral effects against different viruses. (2) Methods: Here, the antiviral activity of a humic substance containing ascorbic acid, Se- and Zn2+ ions intended as a nutritional supplement material was investigated against SARS-CoV-2 virus B1.1.7 Variant of Concern ("Alpha Variant") in a VeroE6 cell line. (3) Results: This combination has a significant in vitro antiviral effect at a very low concentration range of its intended active ingredients. (4) Conclusions: Even picomolar concentration ranges of humic substances, Vitamin C and Zn/Se ions in the given composition, were enough to achieve 50% viral replication inhibition in the applied SARS-CoV-2 virus inhibition test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polett Hajdrik
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26., H-1085 Budapest, Hungary; (P.H.); (N.K.); (D.S.V.); (K.S.); (I.H.); (R.B.)
| | - Bernadett Pályi
- National Biosafety Laboratory, National Public Health Center, Albert Flórián út 2-6, H-1097 Budapest, Hungary; (B.P.); (Z.K.)
| | - Zoltán Kis
- National Biosafety Laboratory, National Public Health Center, Albert Flórián út 2-6, H-1097 Budapest, Hungary; (B.P.); (Z.K.)
- Department of Microbiology, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26., H-1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Noémi Kovács
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26., H-1085 Budapest, Hungary; (P.H.); (N.K.); (D.S.V.); (K.S.); (I.H.); (R.B.)
- CROmed Translational Research Ltd., Tűzoltó u. 37-47, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dániel Sándor Veres
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26., H-1085 Budapest, Hungary; (P.H.); (N.K.); (D.S.V.); (K.S.); (I.H.); (R.B.)
| | - Krisztián Szigeti
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26., H-1085 Budapest, Hungary; (P.H.); (N.K.); (D.S.V.); (K.S.); (I.H.); (R.B.)
| | - Ferenc Budán
- Institute of Transdisciplinary Discoveries, Medical School, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 11, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary;
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Imre Hegedüs
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26., H-1085 Budapest, Hungary; (P.H.); (N.K.); (D.S.V.); (K.S.); (I.H.); (R.B.)
| | - Tibor Kovács
- Institute of Radiochemistry and Radioecology, University of Pannonia, Egyetem u. 10., H-8200 Veszprem, Hungary;
| | - Ralf Bergmann
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26., H-1085 Budapest, Hungary; (P.H.); (N.K.); (D.S.V.); (K.S.); (I.H.); (R.B.)
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Domokos Máthé
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26., H-1085 Budapest, Hungary; (P.H.); (N.K.); (D.S.V.); (K.S.); (I.H.); (R.B.)
- CROmed Translational Research Ltd., Tűzoltó u. 37-47, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary
- Hungarian Centre of Excellence for Molecular Medicine, In Vivo Imaging Advanced Core Facility, Semmelweis University Site, Római Blvd. 21, H-6723 Szeged, Hungary
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9
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Wang D, You Z, Du Y, Zheng D, Jia H, Liu Y. Influence of Sodium Humate on the Growth Performance, Diarrhea Incidence, Blood Parameters, and Fecal Microflora of Pre-Weaned Dairy Calves. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12010123. [PMID: 35011229 PMCID: PMC8749607 DOI: 10.3390/ani12010123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the administration of sodium humate (NaH) on the growth performance, diarrhea incidence, and fecal microflora of pre-weaned Holstein calves. In a 53-day experiment, forty healthy newborn female calves were randomly allocated to the following four treatment groups: (1) control (basal diet); (2) 1-gram NaH (basal diet extra orally supplemented with 1 g of NaH dissolved in 100 mL of milk or milk replacer daily); (3) 3-gram NaH (basal diet extra orally supplemented with 3 g of NaH dissolved in 100 mL of milk or milk replacer daily); and (4) 5-gram NaH (basal diet extra orally supplemented with 5 g of NaH dissolved in 100 mL of milk or milk replacer daily). NaH was mixed with milk (d 2–20) or milk replacer (d 21–53). Calves in the 5-gram NaH group had a higher ADG during d 1 to 21 and d 21 to 53 than the other groups did (p < 0.05). Fecal scores and diarrheal incidence were significantly lower in the 3-gram and 5-gram NaH groups than the 1-gram NaH and control groups during d 1 to 20 (p < 0.05). The serum IgA, IgG and IL-4 concentrations, and T-SOD and T-AOC activities were higher, and the serum IL-6, TNF-α, D-lactic acid, and MDA concentrations were lower in the 5-gram NaH group than the control group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, NaH supplementation increased the abundances of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus but decreased the abundance of Escherichia coli in feces (p < 0.05). These encouraging findings indicated that supplementation with 5 g of NaH effectively improved the immune status, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal beneficial bacteria, and further improved the growth performance and reduced the diarrhea incidence of the pre-weaned dairy calves.
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10
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Rahmani Barouji S, Saber A, Torbati M, Fazljou SMB, Yari Khosroushahi A. Health Beneficial Effects of Moomiaii in Traditional Medicine. Galen Med J 2021; 9:e1743. [PMID: 34466583 PMCID: PMC8343599 DOI: 10.31661/gmj.v9i0.1743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional medicine (TM) that developed over the years within various societies consists of medical experimental knowledge and practices, which apply natural methods and compounds for general wellness and healing. Moomiaii as a pale-brown to blackish-brown natural exudate is one of the natural compounds in traditional medicine that has been used over 3000 years in many countries of the world especially in India, China, Russia, Iran, Mongolia, Kazakhstan and Kirgizstan. We reviewed all English-language studies about Moomiaii that we accessed them. In traditional medicine, many beneficial activities have been attributed to Moomiaii and to its main constituents, Humic acid and Fulvic acid, which are widely used to prevent and treatment of different diseases. Some modern scientific investigations showed that Moomiaii as a safe dietary supplement can be beneficial in various health complications. Even though the beneficial effects of Moomiaii have been confirmed in traditional and modern medicine, it seems that additional in-vitro/in-vivo studies and comprehensive clinical trials are necessary to explain the whole mechanisms of action and to determine the effective doses in various diseases. We discuss and clarify the claimed health beneficial effects of Moomiaii in some wide-spread diseases regarding its anti-ulcerogenic, immunomodulatory, antidiabetic, antioxidative and anticancer properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solmaz Rahmani Barouji
- Department of Persian Medicine, School of Traditional Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Saber
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Nutritional Sciences and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohammadali Torbati
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Ahmad Yari Khosroushahi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Correspondence to: Ahmad Yari Khosroushahi, Faculty of Advanced Medical Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Daneshgah Street, Tabriz, Iran Telephone Number: +98 41 33363234 Email Address:
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11
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Wang D, Du Y, Wang S, You Z, Liu Y. Effects of sodium humate and glutamine combined supplementation on growth performance, diarrhea incidence, blood parameters, and intestinal microflora of weaned calves. Anim Sci J 2021; 92:e13584. [PMID: 34269503 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of sodium humate (HNa) and glutamine (Gln) alone or combined supplementation on growth performance, diarrhea incidence, blood parameters, and intestinal microflora of weaned Holstein calves. In a 14-day experiment, 40 calves at 51 ± 3 days of age were randomly allocated to four treatment groups: (1) NC (basal diet), (2) NC + 5% HNa, (3) NC + 1% Gln, and (4) NC + 5% HNa + 1% Gln. Calves combined supplementation with HNa and Gln had a higher (P < .05) ADG, serum concentration of glucose (GLU), IgA, and IgG but lower fecal scores, diarrhea incidence, serum concentration of TNF-α, and IL-10 compared with NC group (P < .05). Compared with NC group, HNa + Gln group showed higher (P < .05) serum GSH and T-AOC activities but lower (P < .05) concentration of MDA and D-lac. Furthermore, the abundances of Prevotella ruminicola, Bifidobacterium, and Lactobacillus in rectal digesta were increased (P < .05), but the Escherichia coli was significantly decreased. In conclusion, combined supplementation with HNa and Gln can effectively improve the immune status, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal microflora of the weaned calves while reducing diarrhea incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Experimental Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuanyi Du
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Experimental Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Experimental Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhendong You
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Experimental Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Experimental Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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12
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Szabó J, Maróti G, Solymosi N, Andrásofszky E, Tuboly T, Bersényi A, Bruckner G, Hullár I. Fructose, glucose and fat interrelationships with metabolic pathway regulation and effects on the gut microbiota. Acta Vet Hung 2021; 69:134-156. [PMID: 34224398 DOI: 10.1556/004.2021.00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this 30-day feeding study was to elucidate the changes, correlations, and mechanisms caused by the replacement of the starch content of the AIN-93G diet (St) with glucose (G), fructose (F) or lard (L) in body and organ weights, metabolic changes and caecal microbiota composition in rats (Wistar, SPF). The body weight gain of rats on the F diet was 12% less (P = 0.12) than in the St group. Rats on the L diet consumed 18.6% less feed, 31% more energy and gained 58.4% more than the animals on the St diet, indicating that, in addition to higher energy intake, better feed utilisation is a key factor in the obesogenic effect of diets of high nutrient and energy density. The G, F and L diets significantly increased the lipid content of the liver (St: 7.01 ± 1.48; G: 14.53 ± 8.77; F: 16.73 ± 8.77; L: 19.86 ± 4.92% of DM), suggesting that lipid accumulation in the liver is not a fructose-specific process. Relative to the St control, specific glucose effects were the decreasing serum glucagon (-41%) concentrations and glucagon/leptin ratio and the increasing serum leptin concentrations (+26%); specific fructose effects were the increased weights of the kidney, spleen, epididymal fat and the decreased weight of retroperitoneal fat and the lower immune response, as well as the increased insulin (+26%), glucagon (+26%) and decreased leptin (-25%) levels. This suggests a mild insulin resistance and catabolic metabolism in F rats. Specific lard effects were the decreased insulin (-9.14%) and increased glucagon (+40.44%) and leptin (+44.92%) levels. Relative to St, all diets increased the operational taxonomic units of the phylum Bacteroidetes. G and L decreased, while F increased the proportion of Firmicutes. F and L diets decreased the proportions of Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria and Verrucomicrobia. Correlation and centrality analyses were conducted to ascertain the positive and negative correlations and relative weights of the 32 parameters studied in the metabolic network. These correlations and the underlying potential mechanisms are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- József Szabó
- 1Department of Animal Breeding, Nutrition and Laboratory Animal Science, University of Veterinary Medicine, P. O. Box 2, H-1400 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gergely Maróti
- 2Biological Research Centre, Institute of Plant Biology, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Norbert Solymosi
- 3Centre for Bioinformatics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Emese Andrásofszky
- 1Department of Animal Breeding, Nutrition and Laboratory Animal Science, University of Veterinary Medicine, P. O. Box 2, H-1400 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Tuboly
- 4Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Bersényi
- 1Department of Animal Breeding, Nutrition and Laboratory Animal Science, University of Veterinary Medicine, P. O. Box 2, H-1400 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Geza Bruckner
- 5Department of Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - István Hullár
- 1Department of Animal Breeding, Nutrition and Laboratory Animal Science, University of Veterinary Medicine, P. O. Box 2, H-1400 Budapest, Hungary
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13
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Ferulic Acid Induces Keratin 6α via Inhibition of Nuclear β-Catenin Accumulation and Activation of Nrf2 in Wound-Induced Inflammation. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9050459. [PMID: 33922346 PMCID: PMC8146113 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9050459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Injured tissue triggers complex interactions through biological process associated with keratins. Rapid recovery is most important for protection against secondary infection and inflammatory pain. For rapid wound healing with minimal pain and side effects, shilajit has been used as an ayurvedic medicine. However, the mechanisms of rapid wound closure are unknown. Here, we found that shilajit induced wound closure in an acute wound model and induced migration in skin explant cultures through evaluation of transcriptomics via microarray testing. In addition, ferulic acid (FA), as a bioactive compound, induced migration via modulation of keratin 6α (K6α) and inhibition of β-catenin in primary keratinocytes of skin explant culture and injured full-thickness skin, because accumulation of β-catenin into the nucleus acts as a negative regulator and disturbs migration in human epidermal keratinocytes. Furthermore, FA alleviated wound-induced inflammation via activation of nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) at the wound edge. These findings show that FA is a novel therapeutic agent for wound healing that acts via inhibition of β-catenin in keratinocytes and by activation of Nrf2 in wound-induced inflammation.
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14
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Elnesr SS, Abdel-Razik ARH, Elwan HAM. Impact of humate substances and Bacillus subtilis PB6 on thyroid activity and histomorphometry, iron profile and blood haematology of quail. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2021; 106:110-117. [PMID: 33764643 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of dietary humate substances (HS) and CloSTAT (Bacillus subtilis PB6) on the thyroid activity and histology, iron profile, blood haematology and performance of growing Japanese quail. A total of 216 unsexed 7-day-old quail chicks were randomly assigned to six groups. The first group was fed a basal diet (BD) without any additives (control); the 2nd group received BD plus 0.05% CloSTAT, the 3rd and 4th groups were given BD plus 0.4% and 0.8% HS, respectively; and the 5th and 6th groups were administered BD plus CloSTAT + 0.4% HS and BD plus CloSTAT + 0.8% HS, respectively. The results showed that the growth performance was improved with the addition of CloSTAT alone or in combination with 0.4% HS compared with the control. Haematological parameters, iron level and transferrin saturation % were significantly (p < 0.001) increased by feeding HS compared with the control group. Serum thyroxin and triiodothyronine levels were significantly (p = 0.001) increased by adding CloSTAT relative to the control. Supplementation of 0.8% HS caused deterioration in histomorphometry parameters of the thyroid gland, but these parameters were improved in response to CloSTAT compared with the control. In conclusion, dietary B. subtilis PB6 as CloSTAT or CloSTAT + 0.4% HS supplementation may be efficacious in enhancing the growth performance and boosting the thyroid activity of growing Japanese quail. Moreover, the addition of 0.4% or 0.8% HS to quail diets boosted their iron profile and haematological parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaaban S Elnesr
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | | | - Hamada A M Elwan
- Animal and Poultry Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University, El-Minya, Egypt
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15
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A Comprehensive Toxicological Assessment of Fulvic Acid. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:8899244. [PMID: 33381216 PMCID: PMC7758121 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8899244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Fulvic acid (FA), a humic substance, has several nutraceutical properties, including anti-inflammation, antimicrobial, and immune regulation abilities. However, systematic safety assessment remains insufficient. In the present study, a battery of toxicological studies was conducted per internationally accepted standards to investigate the genotoxicity and repeated-dose oral toxicity of FA. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats or ICR mice were used. Compared to the control group, there were no significant changes (all p > 0.05) in all FA treatment groups in the bacterial reverse mutation test, in vitro mammalian chromosome aberration test, in vivo sperm shape abnormality assay, and in vivo mouse micronucleus assay. The acute toxicity test showed that no mortality or toxic effect was observed following oral administration of the maximum dose of 5,000 mg/kg BW/day to mice or rats. A 60-day subchronic study was conducted at 0 (control), 200, 1,000, and 5,000 mg/kg/day. Compared to the control group, there were no significant changes (all p > 0.05) in the body weights, feed consumption, clinical signs, hematology, clinical chemistry, organ weights, or histopathology examinations. In conclusion, the no-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL) of FA supplementation from the 60-day study was determined to be 5,000 mg/kg body weight/day, the highest dose tested. Our findings suggest that the oral administration of FA may have higher safety.
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16
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Wang Y, Wang R, Hao X, Hu Y, Guo T, Zhang J, Wang W, Shi X, An X, Qi J. Growth performance, nutrient digestibility, immune responses and antioxidant status of lambs supplemented with humic acids and fermented wheat bran polysaccharides. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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17
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Çalışır M, Akpınar A, Poyraz Ö, Göze F, Çınar Z. Humic Acid, a Polyphenolic Substance, Decreases Alveolar Bone Loss in Experimental Periodontitis in Rats. J Vet Dent 2020; 36:257-265. [PMID: 32207389 DOI: 10.1177/0898756420910531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the biochemical, morphometric, and histopathological changes associated with experimental periodontitis in rats in response to local administration of humic acid. Thirty-eight Wistar rats were divided into 5 experimental groups: nonligated (NL) group, ligature-only (LO) group, and ligature + local administration of humic acid (20, 80, and 150 mg/kg body weight per day for 15 days, respectively; L-20, L-80, and L-150 groups). Changes in alveolar bone levels were clinically measured as the distance from the cementoenamel junction to the alveolar bone crest with a stereomicroscope. Tissues were histopathologically examined to assess the osteoclast numbers, osteoblastic activity, and inflammatory cell infiltration among the study groups. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay interleukin1β (IL-1β) and IL-10 levels in serum and gingival homogenates were evaluated. At the end of 15 days, the alveolar bone loss was significantly higher in the LO group compared to the NL, L-20, and L-150 groups (P < .05). The osteoclast number in the LO group was significantly higher than the NL, L-20, and L-150 groups (P < .05). Inflammatory cell infiltration was significantly higher in the LO and L-80 groups than the other groups (P < .05). The highest serum and gingival homogenate IL-10 levels were determined in the NL group (P < .05). The serum and gingival homogenate IL-1β levels in LO group were significantly higher than the NL, L-20, and L-150 groups (P < .05). Within the limits of this study, it can be suggested that humic acid, when administered locally at 20 and 80 mg/kg doses, may prevent alveolar bone loss in the rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Metin Çalışır
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Adıyaman University, Adıyaman, Turkey
| | - Aysun Akpınar
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Ömer Poyraz
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Fahrettin Göze
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Ziynet Çınar
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
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18
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Mao Y. Modulation of the growth performance, meat composition, oxidative status, and immunity of broilers by dietary fulvic acids. Poult Sci 2019; 98:4509-4513. [PMID: 31115462 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of dietary fulvic acid (FA) supplementation on the growth performance, body composition, oxidative status, and immunity of broilers. A total of 720 broilers were randomly divided into 4 groups, namely a control group and 3 treatment groups that received diets supplemented with 3 different levels of FAs (0.2, 0.6, and 1 g kg-1). The diets supplemented with 0.6 or 1 g kg-1 FAs increased the body weight gain. This treatment also increased the activities of digestive enzymes (amylase, lipase, and protease), the meat protein content, the total polyunsaturated fatty acid content, the superoxide dismutase activity, the glutathione peroxidise activity, and the serum levels of IgG, IgM, and IgA but decreased the meat fat content and the malondialdehyde level compared with those in the control. However, high FA dose (> 0.6 g kg-1) did not further increase the efficiency compared with moderate dose (0.6 g kg-1). Results indicate that FAs might be a promising dietary supplement for broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingming Mao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Haizhou 222005, China.,Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Haizhou 222005, China.,Jiangsu Marine Resources Development Research Institute, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Haizhou 222005, China
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19
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Misaki K, Matsuda S, Matsuda T, Kusakabe T, Shimizu Y. Detection of DNA damage formation by natural organic matter using EGFP-fused MDC1-expressing cells. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 235:169-174. [PMID: 31255757 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.06.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Studies have been conducted on the genotoxicity and carcinogenicity of disinfection by-products formed from natural organic matter (NOM) and mitigation effect for mutagens and clastogens by NOM. Whereas, reportedly, synthetic humic acid in high concentration has induced genotoxicity in human cells, and NOM samples have provoked mild oxidative and other physiological responses in aquatic organisms. Our group developed a novel detection method for DNA damage formation, namely enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-fused mediator of DNA damage checkpoint 1 (MDC1)-expressing human cells as simple and high-sensitive system. By using this method, a significant increase in the foci area was observed after 3 h, but not 24 h for 130 mgC L-1 Suwannee River fulvic acid (SRFA), 38 mgC L-1 humic acid (SRHA), and 19 mgC L-1 NOM (SRNOM). The SRNOM concentration is the original environmental one; therefore, it was suggested that the formation and repair of DNA damage associated with γ-H2AX, a biomarker for DNA double-strand breaks by mild oxidative stress, in Suwannee River (SR) were detected for the first time. The increase in the foci area was not observed for 18 mgC L-1 Lake Biwa fulvic acid (LBFA) and 50 mg L-1 catechin after both 3 h and 24 h. The difference between the SR and Lake Biwa (LB) samples may result from the differences in their electron-accepting capacity. The application of this methodology is expected to elucidate oxidative stress and toxicological effects shortly and in detail for many water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Misaki
- Research Center for Environmental Quality Management (RCEQM), Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, 1-2 Yumihama, Otsu, Shiga, Japan; School of Nursing, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Japan.
| | - Shun Matsuda
- Research Center for Environmental Quality Management (RCEQM), Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, 1-2 Yumihama, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Tomonari Matsuda
- Research Center for Environmental Quality Management (RCEQM), Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, 1-2 Yumihama, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Taketoshi Kusakabe
- Research Center for Environmental Quality Management (RCEQM), Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, 1-2 Yumihama, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Shimizu
- Research Center for Environmental Quality Management (RCEQM), Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, 1-2 Yumihama, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
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Herbo-mineral formulation 'Ashwashila' attenuates rheumatoid arthritis symptoms in collagen-antibody-induced arthritis (CAIA) mice model. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8025. [PMID: 31142786 PMCID: PMC6541602 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44485-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disorder that affects joints of hands and feet and introduces injury in secondary organs such as cardiac tissue. In the present study, we induced RA in male Balb/c mice (CAIA) using collagen-antibody cocktail (C-Ab) and lipopolysaccharide intraperitoneal injections. Induction of RA in the animals was detected through the loss of body weight, food, and water consumption, pedal edema, increased arthritis score of the paw and ankle, increase in radiological and histological lesion score of ankle and knee joints and enhanced pain perception in the C-Ab induced RA animals. Ashwashila is a herbo-mineral medicine from Indian Ayurvedic system. Human equivalent doses of Ashwashila (ASHW) and standard of care, Methotrexate were given to the CAIA animals for two weeks. ASHW treatment significantly reversed the effect of C-Ab with reduced pedal edema, arthritis score, radiological and histological lesion scores in ankle-joint, knee-joint and articular cartilage, reduced pain perception. These effects were comparable with the Methotrexate treatment. In human monocytic (THP-1) cells, ASHW was found to be biocompatible at in-vitro test doses. The anti-arthritis mechanism of action for ASHW was established through the suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α; and upstream regulator, NF-κB. Taken together, we show the pre-clinical efficacy of ASHW in reducing RA associated symptoms by controlling inflammation and suggest it as a potential therapeutic candidate for rheumatoid arthritis.
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Visscher C, Hankel J, Nies A, Keller B, Galvez E, Strowig T, Keller C, Breves G. Performance, Fermentation Characteristics and Composition of the Microbiome in the Digest of Piglets Kept on a Feed With Humic Acid-Rich Peat. Front Vet Sci 2019; 6:29. [PMID: 30809530 PMCID: PMC6380164 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The transition from breast milk to solid feed is a dramatic change in the nutrition of piglets, frequently necessitating antibiotic treatment. In efforts to reduce the use of antibiotics, dietetic concepts based on natural feed additives are becoming more and more important. In the present study, experiments were carried out with 15 rearing piglets (days 28–56) divided into three groups that were offered different diets (Ctr [0% peat]; H1.5 [1.5% peat]; and H3.0 [3.0% peat] based on a commercial weaner recipe; all ~178 g CP, 13.7 MJ ME, 13.3 g Lys, as-fed). The contents of cecal and colon digesta were removed at necropsy. The gas formation (4 h) in colon digesta was measured using in vitro batch fermenters. For microbiome studies, 16S rRNA amplification was performed within the hypervariable region V 4 and sequenced with Illumina MiSeq platform. DNA read mapping and statistical analysis were performed using QIIME (version 1.8.0), MicrobiomeAnalyst, RStudio, and SAS Enterprise Guide. The mean body weight of the animals at the end of the trial did not show statistical differences (in kg: Ctr: 26.1 ± 4.85, H1.5: 28.5 ± 3.41, H3.0: 26.2 ± 4.92). The daily weight gains were high for this age (in g/day; Ctr: 607 ± 157; H1.5: 692 ± 101; H3.0: 615 ± 113) and the feed to gain ratio low (in kg/kg; Ctr: 1.538; H1.5: 1.462; H3.0: 1.462). Concentrations of short-chain fatty acids in the cecal content were significantly lower when peat was used (mmol/kg wet weight; Ctr: 173 ± 30.0; H1.5:134 ± 15.0; H3.0:133 ± 17.3). Numerical differences were found in the gas formation (in mL gas per 10 mL batch in 4 h; Ctr: 7.9 ± 2.2; H1.5: 7.4 ± 2.4; H3.0: 6.6 ± 1.1). The microbiome analyses in the cecal content showed significantly higher values for alpha diversity Chao 1 index for samples from the control group. Significant differences were found for bacterial relative abundance for Tenericutes at phylum level and Mollicutes at class level (p < 0.05) in cecal microbiota. Therefore, there was initial evidence that peat influences intestinal microflora causing a shift in the overall concentration of fermentation products in both, the cecal and the colon content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Visscher
- Institute for Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Julia Hankel
- Institute for Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Andrea Nies
- Institute for Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Birgit Keller
- Institute for Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Eric Galvez
- Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Till Strowig
- Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Christoph Keller
- Boehringer Ingelheim Veterinary Research Center GmbH & Co. KG, Hannover, Germany
| | - Gerhard Breves
- Institute for Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
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Zhang Y, Liu W, Hu X, Zhang A, Ma L, Shi Y, Gong G. Extraction and Functional Group Characterization of Fulvic Acid from Hami Lignite. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201803291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and; Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Education; Xuzhou 221116 China
- College of Chemical Engineering & Technology; China University of Mining and Technology; Xuzhou 221116 China
| | - Wenjing Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering & Technology; China University of Mining and Technology; Xuzhou 221116 China
| | - Xiaofeng Hu
- College of Chemical Engineering & Technology; China University of Mining and Technology; Xuzhou 221116 China
| | - Ao Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering & Technology; China University of Mining and Technology; Xuzhou 221116 China
| | - Lulin Ma
- College of Chemical Engineering & Technology; China University of Mining and Technology; Xuzhou 221116 China
| | - Yongming Shi
- College of Chemical Engineering & Technology; China University of Mining and Technology; Xuzhou 221116 China
| | - Guanqun Gong
- Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and; Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Education; Xuzhou 221116 China
- College of Chemical Engineering & Technology; China University of Mining and Technology; Xuzhou 221116 China
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Zhang J. Modulation of growth performance and nonspecific immunity of red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkia upon dietary fulvic acid supplementation. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 83:158-161. [PMID: 30195902 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
An eight-week experiment was conducted to determine the effects of dietary fulvic acids (FAs) on the growth performance, digestive enzymes and nonspecific immunity of red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkia. Three diets supplemented with three different levels of FAs (0.1, 0.5 and 1 g kg-1) were formulated and tested for the growth performance, digestive enzymes and nonspecific immunity of the crayfish, and a diet without FAs served as control. After eight weeks of feeding, survival rate, phenoloxidase activity, superoxide dismutase activity, glutathione peroxidase level, total haemocyte count and number of hyaline cells, semigranular cells and granular cells and resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila of crayfishes fed with FA-containing diets were higher than those of the control. Moreover, based on the efficiency of FAs on the growth performance and nonspecific immunity of crayfish, the optimum dose of FAs was found to be 0.5 g (kg diet)-1. A high level of FA administration (1 g kg-1) did not further increase the efficiency of FAs compared with those in the moderate group (0.5 g kg-1, p > 0.05). Results indicated that oral administration of FA-containing diets can enhance the growth performance, intestinal digestive enzymes, immune responses and resistance of crayfish to infection by A. hydrophila. Thus, FAs may be utilized as a diet supplement for crayfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingmin Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Huaihai Institute of Technology, 59 Cangwu Road, Haizhou, 222005, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, 59 Cangwu Road, Haizhou, 222005, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, 59 Cangwu Road, Haizhou, 222005, China.
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Winkler J, Ghosh S. Therapeutic Potential of Fulvic Acid in Chronic Inflammatory Diseases and Diabetes. J Diabetes Res 2018; 2018:5391014. [PMID: 30276216 PMCID: PMC6151376 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5391014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory diseases like diabetes are on a rise in the Western world. Based on the tsunami of new cases every year, new therapeutic measures must be considered. A promising avenue might involve the attenuation of underlying inflammation through natural health products (NHPs). This is because most NHPs have a rich history in traditional medicine and might be considered safer under appropriate doses and conditions. However, the biggest impediment in NHP research is that rarely do these products come with verified health benefits or dosing schedules established through modern scientific research. Fulvic acid (FvA), one such NHP, comes from humic substances produced by microorganisms in soil. Traditional medicine and modern research claim FvA can modulate the immune system, influence the oxidative state of cells, and improve gastrointestinal function; all of which are hallmarks of diabetes. This minireview outlines the available peer-reviewed research on FvA and examines its anecdotal health claims. We show that although available research has been minimal, there is substantial evidence to pursue FvA research in preventing chronic inflammatory diseases, including diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Winkler
- Department of Biology, IKBSAS, University of British Columbia-Okanagan, Canada
| | - Sanjoy Ghosh
- Department of Biology, IKBSAS, University of British Columbia-Okanagan, Canada
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25
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Zykova MV, Belousov MV, Lasukova TV, Gorbunov AS, Logvinova LA, Dygai AM. Cardiovascular Effects of High-Molecular-Weight Compounds of Humic Nature. Bull Exp Biol Med 2017; 163:206-209. [PMID: 28730389 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-017-3767-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The active ingredient extracted from the peat humic substances was characterized by physicochemical parameters evaluated by UV- and IR-spectroscopy, titration, and elemental (C, H, N) analysis. The cardiovascular effects of this ingredient were examined on isolated Langendorff-perfused rat heart. It was found that the active substance in a concentration range of 0.01-0.1 mg/ml produced a vasodilating effect; in addition, it decreased the end-diastolic and left-ventricular developed pressures.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V Zykova
- Siberian State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Tomsk, Russia.
| | - M V Belousov
- Siberian State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Tomsk, Russia
| | - T V Lasukova
- Tomsk State Pedagogical University, Ministry of Science and Education, Tomsk, Russia.,Research Institute of Cardiology, Tomsk, Russia
| | | | - L A Logvinova
- Siberian State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Tomsk, Russia
| | - A M Dygai
- E. D. Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
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Gao Y, He J, He Z, Li Z, Zhao B, Mu Y, Lee JY, Chu Z. Effects of fulvic acid on growth performance and intestinal health of juvenile loach Paramisgurnus dabryanus (Sauvage). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 62:47-56. [PMID: 28089895 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A 60-day feeding trial was conducted to determine the effect of dietary fulvic acid supplements on intestinal digestive activity (enzymatic analysis), antioxidant activity, immune enzyme activity and microflora composition of juvenile loach (initial weight of 6.2 ± 0.1 g) reared in experimental aquaria. Five test diets containing 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2% fulvic acid were randomly assigned to three aquaria, respectively. Elevated growth performance including final weight, weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) was observed in loaches that were fed fulvic acid. Maximal weight gain rates and specific growth rates occurred at the 1.5% additive level. The optimal dietary fulvic requirement for maximal growth of juvenile loach is 16.4 g per kg of the diet based on the quadratic regression analysis of specific growth rate against dietary fulvic acid levels. Furthermore, intestinal protease activity, antioxidant activity, lysozyme activity (LZM), complement 3 (C3) content, immunoglobulin M (IgM) content, acid phosphatase activity (ACP) and alkaline phosphatase activity (AKP) were significantly elevated with concomitant increasing levels of dietary fulvic acid. Following a deep sequencing analysis, a total of 42,058 valid reads and 609 OTUs (operational taxonomic units) obtained from the control group and the group displaying the most optimal growth rate were analyzed. Fulvic acid supplementation resulted in an abundance of Firmicute and Actinobacteria sequences, with a concomitant reduction in the abundance of Proteobacteria. Results indicated that fulvic acid supplementation resulted in a reduction in the relative abundance of Serratia, Acinetobacter, Aeromonas and Edwardsiella, and a relative increase in the abundance of Lactobacillus in the intestine. In conclusion, these results suggest that fulvic acid improves growth performance and intestinal health condition of loach, indicates that fulvic acid could be used as an immunoenhancer in loach culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Gao
- Fishery School, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Jie He
- Marine Fishery Research Institute of Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan 316021, China
| | - Zhuliu He
- Fishery School, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Zhiwei Li
- Fishery School, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Bo Zhao
- Fishery School, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Yi Mu
- Fishery School, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Jeong-Yeol Lee
- Department of Aquaculture and Aquatic Science, Kunsan National University, Gunsan 573-701, South Korea
| | - Zhangjie Chu
- Fishery School, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China.
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Trofimova ES, Zykova MV, Ligacheva AA, Sherstoboev EY, Zhdanov VV, Belousov MV, Yusubov MS, Krivoshchekov SV, Danilets MG, Dygai AM. Effects of Humic Acids Isolated from Peat of Various Origin on in Vitro Production of Nitric Oxide: a Screening Study. Bull Exp Biol Med 2016; 161:687-692. [PMID: 27709384 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-016-3486-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A screening study of biological activity of native humic acids isolated from peat was performed; several physical and chemical parameters of their structures were studied by UV- and infrared spectroscopy. Spectroscopy yielded similar shape of light absorption curves of humic acids of different origin, which can reflect similarity of general structural principles of these substances. Alkaline humic acids have more developed system of polyconjugation, while molecular structures of pyrophosphate humic acids were characterized by higher aromaticity and condensation indexes. Biological activity of the studied humic acids was assessed by NO-stimulating capacity during their culturing with murine peritoneal macrophages in a wide concentration range. It was shown that due to dose-dependent enhancement of NO production humic acids can change the functional state of macrophages towards development of pro-inflammatory properties. These changes were associated with high activity of humic acids isolated by pyrophosphate extraction, which allows considering effects of isolation method on biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S Trofimova
- E. D. Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk, Russia
| | - M V Zykova
- Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - A A Ligacheva
- E. D. Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk, Russia
| | - E Yu Sherstoboev
- E. D. Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk, Russia
| | - V V Zhdanov
- E. D. Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk, Russia
| | - M V Belousov
- Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - M S Yusubov
- Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia
| | | | - M G Danilets
- E. D. Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk, Russia.
| | - A M Dygai
- E. D. Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk, Russia
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Akbas A, Silan C, Gulpinar MT, Sancak EB, Ozkanli SS, Cakir DU. Renoprotective Effect of Humic Acid on Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury: An Experimental Study in Rats. Inflammation 2016; 38:2042-8. [PMID: 25985848 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-015-0185-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Humic acid is an antioxidant molecule used in agriculture and livestock breeding, as well as in medicine. Our aim was to investigate the potential renoprotective effects of humic acid in a renal ischemia reperfusion model. Twenty-one rats were randomly divided into three equal groups. Intraperitoneal serum or humic acid was injected at 1, 12, and 24 h. Non-ischemic group I was evaluated as sham. The left renal artery was clamped in serum (group II) and intraperitoneal humic acid (group III) to subject to left renal ischemic reperfusion procedure. Ischemia and reperfusion time was 60 min for each. Total antioxidant status, total oxidative status, oxidative stress index, and ischemia-modified albumin levels were analyzed biochemically from the serum samples. Kidneys were evaluated histopatologically and immunohistochemically. Biochemical results showed that total oxidative status, ischemia-modified albumin, and oxidative stress index levels were significantly decreased, but total antioxidant status was increased in the humic acid group (III) compared with the ischemia group (II) On histopathological examination, renal tubular dilatation, tubular cell damage and necrosis, dilatation of Bowman's capsule, hyaline casts, and tubular cell spillage were decreased in the humic acid group (III) compared with the ischemia group (II). Immunohistochemical results showed that apoptosis was deteriorated in group III. Renal ischemia reperfusion injury was attenuated by humic acid administration. These observations indicate that humic acid may have a potential therapeutic effect on renal ischemia reperfusion injury by preventing oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alpaslan Akbas
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Urology, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, Turkey.
| | - Coskun Silan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, Turkey
| | - Murat Tolga Gulpinar
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Urology, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, Turkey
| | - Eyup Burak Sancak
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Urology, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, Turkey
| | - Sidika Seyma Ozkanli
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dilek Ulker Cakir
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, Turkey
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Cagin YF, Sahin N, Polat A, Erdogan MA, Atayan Y, Eyol E, Bilgic Y, Seckin Y, Colak C. The Acute Effect of Humic Acid on Iron Accumulation in Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2016; 171:145-55. [PMID: 26380988 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-015-0507-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Free iron leads to the formation of pro-oxidant reactive oxygen species (ROS). Humic acids (HAs) enhance permeability of cellular wall and act as a chelator through electron transferring. This study was designed to test chelator effect of HA on iron as well as its anti-oxidant effect against the iron-induced hepatotoxicity and cardiotoxicity. The rats used were randomly divided into four groups (n = 8/group): group I (the control group); group II (the HA group), humic acid (562 mg/kg) was given over 10 days by oral gavage; group III (the iron group), iron III hydroxide polymaltose (250 mg/kg) was given over 10 days by intraperitoneal route; and group IV (the HA plus iron group), received the iron (similar to group II) plus humic acid (similar to those in groups II and III) group. Blood and two tissue samples both from liver and heart were obtained for biochemical and histopathological evaluations. Iron deposition, the iron-induced hepatotoxicity, and cardiotoxicity were demonstrated by histopathological and biochemical manner. However, no significant differences were observed in the serum biochemical values and the histopathological results among the iron and the HA plus iron groups in the liver tissue but not in the heart tissue. The protective effects of humic acid against iron-induced cardiotoxicity were shown but not against hepatotoxicity in our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasir Furkan Cagin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical Faculty, Inonu University, 44280, Malatya, Turkey.
| | - N Sahin
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - A Polat
- Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - M A Erdogan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical Faculty, Inonu University, 44280, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Y Atayan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical Faculty, Inonu University, 44280, Malatya, Turkey
| | - E Eyol
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Y Bilgic
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical Faculty, Inonu University, 44280, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Y Seckin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical Faculty, Inonu University, 44280, Malatya, Turkey
| | - C Colak
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Medical Faculty, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
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Sun S, Gao B, Yue Q, Li R, Song W, Bu F, Zhao S, Jia R, Song W. Comparison of epichlorohydrin-dimethylamine with other cationic organic polymers as coagulation aids of polyferric chloride in coagulation-ultrafiltration process. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2016; 307:108-118. [PMID: 26775103 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Epichlorohydrin-dimethylamine (DAM-ECH) copolymer was acquired by polycondensation of hazardous reagents: epichlorohydrin (analytical reagent, A.R.) and dimethylamine (A.R.) with ethanediamine (A.R.) as cross-linker. Its coagulation and membrane performance as coagulation aid of polyferric chloride (PFC) was evaluated by comparing with other two cationic coagulation aids: poly dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride (PDMDAAC) and polyacrylamide (PAM) in humic acid-kaolin (HA-Kaolin) simulated water treatment. Firstly, optimum dosages of PFC&DAM-ECH, PFC&PDMDAAC and PFC&PAM were identified according to their coagulation performance. Then their impacts (under optimum dosages) on membrane fouling of regenerated cellulose (RC) ultra-membrane disc in coagulation-ultrafiltration (C-UF) process were reviewed. Results revealed that small addition of DAM-ECH was the effective on turbidity and DOC removal polymer. Furthermore, in the following ultra-filtration process, external membrane fouling resistance was demonstrated to be the dominant portion of the total membrane fouling resistance under all circumstances. Meanwhile, the internal membrane fouling resistance was determined by residual of micro-particles(1) that cannot be intercepted by cake layer or ultrafiltration membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenglei Sun
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Baoyu Gao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
| | - Qinyan Yue
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
| | - Ruihua Li
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Wen Song
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Fan Bu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Ruibao Jia
- Jinan Water and Wastewater Monitoring Center, 250033 Jinan, China
| | - Wuchang Song
- Jinan Water and Wastewater Monitoring Center, 250033 Jinan, China
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Ozkan A, Sen HM, Sehitoglu I, Alacam H, Guven M, Aras AB, Akman T, Silan C, Cosar M, Karaman HIO. Neuroprotective effect of humic Acid on focal cerebral ischemia injury: an experimental study in rats. Inflammation 2015; 38:32-9. [PMID: 25173888 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-014-0005-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is still a major cause of death and permanent neurological disability. As humic acids are well-known antioxidant molecules, the purpose of this study was to investigate the potential neuroprotective effects of humic acid in a focal cerebral ischemia model. Twenty-four rats were divided equally into three groups. A middle cerebral artery occlusion model was performed in this study where control (group II) and humic acid (group III) were administered intraperitoneally following an ischemic experimental procedure. Group I was evaluated as sham. Malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and nuclear respiratory factor-1 (NRF-1) levels were analyzed biochemically on the right side of the ischemic cerebral hemisphere, while ischemic histopathological studies were completed on the left side to investigate the antioxidant status. Biochemical results showed that SOD and NRF-1 levels were significantly increased in the humic acid group (III) compared with the control group (II) while MDA levels were significantly decreased. On histopathological examination, cerebral edema, vacuolization, degeneration, and destruction of neural elements were decreased in the humic acid group (III) compared with the control group (II). Cerebral ischemia was attenuated by humic acid administration. These observations indicate that humic acid may have potential as a therapeutic agent in cerebral ischemia by preventing oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adile Ozkan
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Çanakkale 18 Mart University, Kepez, Çanakkale, Turkey,
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Çalışır M, Akpınar A, Poyraz Ö, Göze F, Çınar Z. The histopathological and morphometric investigation of the effects of systemically administered humic acid on alveolar bone loss in ligature-induced periodontitis in rats. J Periodontal Res 2015; 51:499-507. [DOI: 10.1111/jre.12329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Çalışır
- Department of Periodontology; Faculty of Dentistry; Adıyaman University; Adıyaman Turkey
| | - A. Akpınar
- Department of Periodontology; Faculty of Dentistry; Cumhuriyet University; Sivas Turkey
| | - Ö. Poyraz
- Department of Microbiology; Faculty of Medicine; Cumhuriyet University; Sivas Turkey
| | - F. Göze
- Department of Pathology; Faculty of Medicine; Cumhuriyet University; Sivas Turkey
| | - Z. Çınar
- Department of Biostatistics; Faculty of Medicine; Cumhuriyet University; Sivas Turkey
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Chang Q, Lu Z, He M, Gao R, Bai H, Shi B, Shan A. Effects of dietary supplementation of fulvic acid on lipid metabolism of finishing pigs. J Anim Sci 2015; 92:4921-6. [PMID: 25349342 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2014-8137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of fulvic acid on lipid metabolism of finishing pigs. One hundred eighty crossbred barrows (Landrace × Yorkshire, 60 ± 2.5 kg) were randomly allotted to 5 dietary treatments (36 pigs/treatment) and fed a basal diet supplemented with 0, 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, and 0.8% fulvic acid for 42 d. Thirty pigs (6 pigs/treatment) were slaughtered at the end of the experiment. Blood samples and adipose tissue were collected for determination of blood parameters and lipid metabolic enzymes. The results showed that compared with the control group, dietary supplementation of 0.2%, 0.4%, and 0.6% fulvic acid significantly reduced mean backfat thickness of pigs (P < 0.05). The serum concentrations of low-density lipoprotein, leptin, growth hormone, insulin, and triiodothyronine were significantly increased by adding fulvic acid in diets (P < 0.05). With the raised concentration of dietary fulvic acid, hormone sensitive lipase (HSL) activity was significantly increased (P < 0.05), and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity was significantly decreased (P < 0.05) in adipose tissue. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of fulvic acid reduced the mean backfat thickness of pigs. This change related to the increased activity of HSL and the decreased activity of LPL in adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Chang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Mucai street No.59, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Z Lu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Mucai street No.59, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, China
| | - M He
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Mucai street No.59, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, China
| | - R Gao
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Mucai street No.59, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, China
| | - H Bai
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Mucai street No.59, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, China
| | - B Shi
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Mucai street No.59, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, China
| | - A Shan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Mucai street No.59, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, China
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Bai H, Chang Q, Shi B, Shan A. Effects of fulvic acid on growth performance and meat quality in growing-finishing pigs. Livest Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2013.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Vetvicka V, Vashishta A, Fuentes M, Baigorri R, Garcia-Mina JM, Yvin JC. The relative abundance of oxygen alkyl-related groups in aliphatic domains is involved in the main pharmacological-pleiotropic effects of humic acids. J Med Food 2013; 16:625-32. [PMID: 23875902 PMCID: PMC3719442 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2012.0212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the rather common presence of humic acid (HA), our full knowledge of its biological effect is still lacking. In this article, we first performed a physicochemical characterization of several HAs, and next, we evaluated their ability to affect interleukin-2 secretion, antibody secretion, wound healing (an in vitro model using HaCaT cells), cancer growth (the Lewis lung carcinoma model), and protection against hepatotoxicity. In all tested reactions, HA showed significant stimulation on immune reactions, including suppression of cancer growth and inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-induced hepatotoxicity. These effects were dependent on its chemical properties. The pleiotropic effects of HA observed in this article suggest the possible role of these compounds in human nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaclav Vetvicka
- Department of Pathology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA.
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Shilajit: a natural phytocomplex with potential procognitive activity. Int J Alzheimers Dis 2012; 2012:674142. [PMID: 22482077 PMCID: PMC3296184 DOI: 10.1155/2012/674142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2011] [Accepted: 12/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Shilajit is a natural substance found mainly in the Himalayas, formed for centuries by the gradual decomposition of certain plants by the action of microorganisms. It is a potent and very safe dietary supplement, restoring the energetic balance and potentially able to prevent several diseases. Recent investigations point to an interesting medical application toward the control of cognitive disorders associated with aging, and cognitive stimulation. Thus, fulvic acid, the main active principle, blocks tau self-aggregation, opening an avenue toward the study of Alzheimer's therapy. In essence, this is a nutraceutical product of demonstrated benefits for human health. Considering the expected impact of shilajit usage in the medical field, especially in the neurological sciences, more investigations at the basic biological level as well as clinical trials are necessary, in order to understand how organic molecules of shilajit and particularly fulvic acid, one of the active principles, and oligoelements act at both the molecular and cellular levels and in the whole organism.
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Buesing K, Harmeyer J, Markuske KD, Zeyner A. Microscopic evidence for the uptake of orally given humic acids by the intestinal mucosa in piglets. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2011. [DOI: 10.1071/an11039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In veterinary medicine, humic acids are sometimes used as oral supplements to protect and treat young animals from diarrhoea. With regard to their mode of action, it was generally believed that humic acids are unable to penetrate the intestinal mucosal surface and rather act from the intestinal lumen. In the past, some reports indicated, however, that prophylactic and therapeutic effects of orally administered humic acids might not be confined to the lumen of the digestive tract. The present study used piglets to examine whether orally administered humic acids would be able to cross the intestinal barrier and if so, whether the humic acids would also be transported from the intestine to other regions of the body. The study was carried out with three 64-day-old piglets, two of which were bottle fed daily with 1 g humic acids/kg bodyweight and day for 2 weeks. The third piglet served as an unsupplemented control. At the end of the study, the piglets were slaughtered and 10 tissue specimens were collected from each piglet. Examination by light microscopy of unstained sections revealed the presence of humic acid particles in each tissue sample from both humic acid-treated piglets whereby no such deposits were found in any tissue of the control piglet. This demonstrated that the humic acids had indeed passed the epithelial barrier of the intestinal mucosa and had been transported to other body tissues. In most tissue samples the humic acid particles showed a distinct clustered distribution pattern.
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