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Sun H, Wei S, Gong Y, Ding K, Tang S, Sun W, Yuan C, Huang L, Liu Z, Chen C, Yao L. Neuroprotective effects of cordycepin inhibit glutamate-induced apoptosis in hippocampal neurons. Cell Stress Chaperones 2024; 29:10-20. [PMID: 38219840 PMCID: PMC10939076 DOI: 10.1016/j.cstres.2024.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Glutamate is a neurotransmitter that can cause excitatory neurotoxicity when its extracellular concentration is too high, leading to disrupted calcium balance and increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Cordycepin, a nucleoside adenosine derivative, has been shown to protect against excitatory neurotoxicity induced by glutamate. To investigate its potential neuroprotective effects, the present study employed fluorescence detection and spectrophotometry techniques to analyze primary hippocampal-cultured neurons. The results showed that glutamate toxicity reduced hippocampal neuron viability, increased ROS production, and increased intracellular calcium levels. Additionally, glutamate-induced cytotoxicity activated acetylcholinesterase and decreased glutathione levels. However, cordycepin inhibited glutamate-induced cell death, improved cell viability, reduced ROS production, and lowered Ca2+ levels. It also inhibited acetylcholinesterase activation and increased glutathione levels. This study suggests that cordycepin can protect against glutamate-induced neuronal injury in cell models, and this effect was inhibited by adenosine A1 receptor blockers, indicating that its neuroprotective effect is achieved through activation of the adenosine A1 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huizhen Sun
- School of Life Science, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China; Shan County Renmin Road Primary School, Heze, Shandong,PR China
| | - Shanshan Wei
- School of Life Science, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Yanchun Gong
- School of Life Science, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China; School of Physical Education and Health, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Kaizhi Ding
- School of Life Science, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Shan Tang
- School of Physical Education and Health, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Wei Sun
- School of Life Science, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Chunhua Yuan
- School of Life Science, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Liping Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Zhibing Liu
- School of Physical Education and Health, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Chong Chen
- School of Life Science, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China; School of Physical Education and Health, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China; NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China.
| | - Lihua Yao
- School of Life Science, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China; School of Physical Education and Health, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China.
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Nascimento JM, Saia-Cereda VM, Zuccoli GS, Reis-de-Oliveira G, Carregari VC, Smith BJ, Rehen SK, Martins-de-Souza D. Proteomic signatures of schizophrenia-sourced iPSC-derived neural cells and brain organoids are similar to patients' postmortem brains. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:189. [PMID: 36451159 PMCID: PMC9714120 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00928-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia is a complex and severe neuropsychiatric disorder, with a wide range of debilitating symptoms. Several aspects of its multifactorial complexity are still unknown, and some are accepted to be an early developmental deficiency with a more specifically neurodevelopmental origin. Understanding the timepoints of disturbances during neural cell differentiation processes could lead to an insight into the development of the disorder. In this context, human brain organoids and neural cells differentiated from patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells are of great interest as a model to study the developmental origins of the disease. RESULTS Here we evaluated the differential expression of proteins of schizophrenia patient-derived neural progenitors (NPCs), early neurons, and brain organoids in comparison to healthy individuals. Using bottom-up shotgun proteomics with a label-free approach for quantitative analysis, we found multiple dysregulated proteins since NPCs, modified, and disrupted the 21DIV neuronal differentiation, and cerebral organoids. Our experimental methods have shown impairments in pathways never before found in patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells studies, such as spliceosomes and amino acid metabolism; but also, those such as axonal guidance and synaptogenesis, in line with postmortem tissue studies of schizophrenia patients. CONCLUSION In conclusion, here we provide comprehensive, large-scale, protein-level data of different neural cell models that may uncover early events in brain development, underlying several of the mechanisms within the origins of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Minardi Nascimento
- grid.411087.b0000 0001 0723 2494Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, Campinas, SP 255, 13083-862 Brazil ,grid.472984.4D’Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rua Diniz Cordeiro, 30, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22281-100 Brazil ,grid.411249.b0000 0001 0514 7202Department of Biosciences, Institute Science and Society, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, SP Brazil
| | - Verônica M. Saia-Cereda
- grid.411087.b0000 0001 0723 2494Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, Campinas, SP 255, 13083-862 Brazil
| | - Giuliana S. Zuccoli
- grid.411087.b0000 0001 0723 2494Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, Campinas, SP 255, 13083-862 Brazil
| | - Guilherme Reis-de-Oliveira
- grid.411087.b0000 0001 0723 2494Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, Campinas, SP 255, 13083-862 Brazil
| | - Victor Corasolla Carregari
- grid.411087.b0000 0001 0723 2494Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, Campinas, SP 255, 13083-862 Brazil
| | - Bradley J. Smith
- grid.411087.b0000 0001 0723 2494Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, Campinas, SP 255, 13083-862 Brazil
| | - Stevens K. Rehen
- grid.472984.4D’Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rua Diniz Cordeiro, 30, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22281-100 Brazil ,grid.8536.80000 0001 2294 473XInstitute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
| | - Daniel Martins-de-Souza
- grid.411087.b0000 0001 0723 2494Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, Campinas, SP 255, 13083-862 Brazil ,grid.472984.4D’Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rua Diniz Cordeiro, 30, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22281-100 Brazil ,grid.450640.30000 0001 2189 2026Instituto Nacional de Biomarcadores Em Neuropsiquiatria (INBION), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico E Tecnológico (CNPq), São Paulo, Brazil ,grid.411087.b0000 0001 0723 2494Experimental Medicine Research Cluster (EMRC), University of Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-970 Brazil
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3
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Toledo ARL, Monroy GR, Salazar FE, Lee JY, Jain S, Yadav H, Borlongan CV. Gut-Brain Axis as a Pathological and Therapeutic Target for Neurodegenerative Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1184. [PMID: 35163103 PMCID: PMC8834995 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human lifestyle and dietary behaviors contribute to disease onset and progression. Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), considered multifactorial disorders, have been associated with changes in the gut microbiome. NDDs display pathologies that alter brain functions with a tendency to worsen over time. NDDs are a worldwide health problem; in the US alone, 12 million Americans will suffer from NDDs by 2030. While etiology may vary, the gut microbiome serves as a key element underlying NDD development and prognosis. In particular, an inflammation-associated microbiome plagues NDDs. Conversely, sequestration of this inflammatory microbiome by a correction in the dysbiotic state of the gut may render therapeutic effects on NDDs. To this end, treatment with short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria, the main metabolites responsible for maintaining gut homeostasis, ameliorates the inflammatory microbiome. This intimate pathological link between the gut and NDDs suggests that the gut-brain axis (GBA) acts as an underexplored area for developing therapies for NDDs. Traditionally, the classification of NDDs depends on their clinical presentation, mostly manifesting as extrapyramidal and pyramidal movement disorders, with neuropathological evaluation at autopsy as the gold standard for diagnosis. In this review, we highlight the evolving notion that GBA stands as an equally sensitive pathological marker of NDDs, particularly in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and chronic stroke. Additionally, GBA represents a potent therapeutic target for treating NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alma Rosa Lezama Toledo
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (A.R.L.T.); (G.R.M.); (F.E.S.); (J.-Y.L.)
| | - Germán Rivera Monroy
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (A.R.L.T.); (G.R.M.); (F.E.S.); (J.-Y.L.)
| | - Felipe Esparza Salazar
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (A.R.L.T.); (G.R.M.); (F.E.S.); (J.-Y.L.)
| | - Jea-Young Lee
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (A.R.L.T.); (G.R.M.); (F.E.S.); (J.-Y.L.)
| | - Shalini Jain
- Center for Microbiome Research, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (S.J.); (H.Y.)
| | - Hariom Yadav
- Center for Microbiome Research, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (S.J.); (H.Y.)
| | - Cesario Venturina Borlongan
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (A.R.L.T.); (G.R.M.); (F.E.S.); (J.-Y.L.)
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4
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Ma X, Cheng O, Jiang Q, Yang J, Xiao H, Qiu H. Activation of ephrinb1/EPHB2/MAP-2/NMDAR Mediates Hippocampal Neurogenesis Promoted by Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Cerebral-Ischemic Mice. Neuromolecular Med 2021; 23:521-530. [PMID: 33782855 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-021-08654-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
tDCS, a new, safe, non-invasive physical therapy method, is often used in motor dysfunction rehabilitation. However, the effects and underlying mechanisms of tDCS on hippocampal neurogenesis after cerebral ischemia (CI) are still unclear. This study aimed to investigate the promotive effect and mechanism of repetitive anodal-tDCS on hippocampal neurogenesis after CI in mice. The CI model in mice was established using bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO). The pathological changes in the hippocampal CA1 region and cognitive function were assessed by hematoxylin and eosin staining and Morris water maze test, respectively. Hippocampal neurogenesis was observed by immunofluorescence staining. The levels of expression of ephrinb1, EPHB2, MAP-2, and NMDAR in the hippocampi were analyzed by qRT-PCR and Western blotting. Compared with the sham mice, the model mice showed significant neuronal damage in the hippocampal CA1 region (P < 0.01), cognitive dysfunction (P < 0.01), and endogenous hippocampal neurogenesis (P < 0.01). These results suggested that the CI model was successfully established, and that CI could promote endogenous hippocampal neurogenesis, but this hippocampal neurogenesis was unable to recover cognitive dysfunction. Compared with the model mice, the tDCS mice had ameliorated pathological damage in the CA1 region (P < 0.01), improved cognitive function (P < 0.01), increased hippocampal neurogenesis (P < 0.01), and increased mRNA and protein expression of ephrinb1, EPHB2, MAP-2, and NMDAR (P < 0.05). Repetitive anodal-tDCS can promote hippocampal neurogenesis and improve cognitive function in CI mice. The effect may be related to the activation of the ephrinb1/EPHB2/MAP-2/NMDAR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojiao Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Key Lab of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Key Lab Drug Metabolism, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Yixueyuan Road, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Oumei Cheng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qingsong Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Key Lab of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Key Lab Drug Metabolism, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Yixueyuan Road, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Junxia Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Key Lab of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Key Lab Drug Metabolism, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Yixueyuan Road, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Huan Xiao
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Key Lab of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Key Lab Drug Metabolism, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Yixueyuan Road, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Hongmei Qiu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Key Lab of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Key Lab Drug Metabolism, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Yixueyuan Road, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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5
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Stanslowsky N, Tharmarasa S, Staege S, Kalmbach N, Klietz M, Schwarz SC, Leffler A, Wegner F. Calcium, Sodium, and Transient Receptor Potential Channel Expression in Human Fetal Midbrain-Derived Neural Progenitor Cells. Stem Cells Dev 2018; 27:976-984. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2017.0281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Selma Staege
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Norman Kalmbach
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Martin Klietz
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sigrid C. Schwarz
- Department For Translational Neurodegeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Leffler
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Florian Wegner
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
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6
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Mishra A, Singh S, Shukla S. Physiological and Functional Basis of Dopamine Receptors and Their Role in Neurogenesis: Possible Implication for Parkinson's disease. J Exp Neurosci 2018; 12:1179069518779829. [PMID: 29899667 PMCID: PMC5985548 DOI: 10.1177/1179069518779829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Dopamine controls various physiological functions in the brain and periphery by acting on its receptors D1, D2, D3, D4, and D5. Dopamine receptors are G protein–coupled receptors involved in the regulation of motor activity and several neurological disorders such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, Parkinson’s disease (PD), Alzheimer’s disease, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Reduction in dopamine content in the nigrostriatal pathway is associated with the development of PD, along with the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra region. Dopamine receptors directly regulate neurotransmission of other neurotransmitters, release of cyclic adenosine monophosphate, cell proliferation, and differentiation. Here, we provide an update on recent knowledge about the signalling mechanism, mode of action, and the evidence for the physiological and functional basis of dopamine receptors. We also highlight the pivotal role of these receptors in the modulation of neurogenesis, a possible therapeutic target that might help to slow down the process of neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Mishra
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Sonu Singh
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Shubha Shukla
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India
- Shubha Shukla, Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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7
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Halliwell RF. Electrophysiological properties of neurons derived from human stem cells and iNeurons in vitro. Neurochem Int 2016; 106:37-47. [PMID: 27742467 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Functional studies of neurons have traditionally used nervous system tissues from a variety of non-human vertebrate and invertebrate species, even when the focus of much of this research has been directed at understanding human brain function. Over the last decade, the identification and isolation of human stem cells from embryonic, tissue (or adult) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has revolutionized the availability of human neurons for experimental studies in vitro. In addition, the direct conversion of terminally differentiated fibroblasts into Induced neurons (iN) has generated great excitement because of the likely value of such human stem cell derived neurons (hSCNs) and iN cells in drug discovery, neuropharmacology, neurotoxicology and regenerative medicine. This review addresses the current state of our knowledge of functional receptors and ion channels expressed in neurons derived from human stem cells and iNeurons and identifies gaps and questions that might be investigated in future studies; it focusses almost exclusively on what is known about the electrophysiological properties of neurons derived from human stem cells and iN cells in vitro with an emphasis on voltage and ligand gated ion channels, since these mediate synaptic signalling in the nervous system and they are at the heart of neuropharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert F Halliwell
- Schools of Pharmacy & Dentistry, University of the Pacific, 751 Brookside Road, Stockton, CA, USA.
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8
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Simão D, Pinto C, Piersanti S, Weston A, Peddie CJ, Bastos AE, Licursi V, Schwarz SC, Collinson LM, Salinas S, Serra M, Teixeira AP, Saggio I, Lima PA, Kremer EJ, Schiavo G, Brito C, Alves PM. Modeling Human Neural Functionality In Vitro: Three-Dimensional Culture for Dopaminergic Differentiation. Tissue Eng Part A 2015; 21:654-68. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2014.0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Simão
- iBET—Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Catarina Pinto
- iBET—Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Stefania Piersanti
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie “Charles Darwin,” Università di Roma La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Anne Weston
- Lincoln's Inn Fields Laboratories, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher J. Peddie
- Lincoln's Inn Fields Laboratories, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - André E.P. Bastos
- NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Valerio Licursi
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie “Charles Darwin,” Università di Roma La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Lucy M. Collinson
- Lincoln's Inn Fields Laboratories, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sara Salinas
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, CNRS UMR 5535, Montpellier, France
- Université Montpellier I and II, Montpellier, France
| | - Margarida Serra
- iBET—Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Ana P. Teixeira
- iBET—Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Isabella Saggio
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie “Charles Darwin,” Università di Roma La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
- Istituto Pasteur Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Università di Roma La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
- Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Università di Roma La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Pedro A. Lima
- NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Eric J. Kremer
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, CNRS UMR 5535, Montpellier, France
- Université Montpellier I and II, Montpellier, France
| | - Giampietro Schiavo
- Lincoln's Inn Fields Laboratories, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Catarina Brito
- iBET—Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Paula M. Alves
- iBET—Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
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Sakthiswary R, Raymond AA. Stem cell therapy in neurodegenerative diseases: From principles to practice. Neural Regen Res 2015; 7:1822-31. [PMID: 25624807 PMCID: PMC4302533 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2012.23.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2012] [Accepted: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The lack of curative therapies for neurodegenerative diseases has high economic impact and places huge burden on the society. The contribution of stem cells to cure neurodegenerative diseases has been unraveled and explored extensively over the past few years. Beyond substitution of the lost neurons, stem cells act as immunomodulators and neuroprotectors. A large number of preclinical and a small number of clinical studies have shown beneficial outcomes in this context. In this review, we have summarized the current concepts of stem cell therapy in neurodegenerative diseases and the recent advances in this field, particularly between 2010 and 2012. Further studies should be encouraged to resolve the clinical issues and vague translational findings for maximum optimization of the efficacy of stem cell therapy in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajalingham Sakthiswary
- Department of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Bandar Tun Razak 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Azman Ali Raymond
- Department of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Bandar Tun Razak 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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10
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Knippenberg S, Rath KJ, Böselt S, Thau-Habermann N, Schwarz SC, Dengler R, Wegner F, Petri S. Intraspinal administration of human spinal cord-derived neural progenitor cells in the G93A-SOD1 mouse model of ALS delays symptom progression, prolongs survival and increases expression of endogenous neurotrophic factors. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2015; 11:751-764. [PMID: 25641599 DOI: 10.1002/term.1972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Revised: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neural stem or progenitor cells are considered to be a novel therapeutic strategy for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), based on their potential to generate a protective environment rather than to replace degenerating motor neurons. Following local injection to the spinal cord, neural progenitor cells may generate glial cells and release neurotrophic factors. In the present study, human spinal cord-derived neural progenitor cells (hscNPCs) were injected into the lumbar spinal cord of G93A-SOD1 ALS transgenic mice. We evaluated the potential effect of hscNPC treatment by survival analysis and behavioural/phenotypic assessments. Immunohistological and real-time PCR experiments were performed at a defined time point to study the underlying mechanisms. Symptom progression in hscNPC-injected mice was significantly delayed at the late stage of disease. On average, survival was only prolonged for 5 days. Animals treated with hscNPCs performed significantly better in motor function tests between weeks 18 and 19. Increased production of GDNF and IGF-1 mRNA was detectable in spinal cord tissue of hscNPC-treated mice. In summary, treatment with hscNPCs led to increased endogenous production of several growth factors and increased the preservation of innervated motor neurons but had only a small effect on overall survival. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Klaus Jan Rath
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Germany.,Integriertes Forschungs- und Behandlungszentrum Transplantation (IFB-Tx), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sebastian Böselt
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Germany.,Integriertes Forschungs- und Behandlungszentrum Transplantation (IFB-Tx), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nadine Thau-Habermann
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Germany.,Centre for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sigrid C Schwarz
- German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Reinhard Dengler
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Germany.,Centre for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
| | - Florian Wegner
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Germany.,Centre for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
| | - Susanne Petri
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Germany.,Centre for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany.,Integriertes Forschungs- und Behandlungszentrum Transplantation (IFB-Tx), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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11
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Skardelly M, Hempel E, Hirrlinger J, Wegner F, Meixensberger J, Milosevic J. Fluorescent protein-expressing neural progenitor cells as a tool for transplantation studies. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99819. [PMID: 24932758 PMCID: PMC4059690 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to generate quadruple fluorescent protein (QFP) transgenic mice as a source for QFP-expressing neural stem and progenitor cells (NSCs/NPCs) that could be utilized as a tool for transplantation research. When undifferentiated, these NSCs only express cyan fluorescent protein (CFP); however, upon neuronal differentiation, the cells express yellow fluorescent protein (YFP). During astrocytic differentiation, the cells express green fluorescent protein (GFP), and during oligodendrocytic differentiation, the cells express red fluorescent protein (DsRed). Using immunocytochemistry, immunoblotting, flow cytometry and electrophysiology, quadruple transgenic NPCs (Q-NPCs) and GFP-sorted NPCs were comprehensively characterized in vitro. Overall, the various transgenes did not significantly affect proliferation and differentiation of transgenic NPCs in comparison to wild-type NPCs. In contrast to a strong CFP and GFP expression in vitro, NPCs did not express YFP and dsRed either during proliferation or after differentiation in vitro. GFP-positive sorted NPCs, expressing GFP under the control of the human GFAP promoter, demonstrated a significant improvement in astroglial differentiation in comparison to GFP-negative sorted NPCs. In contrast to non-sorted and GFP-positive sorted NPCs, GFP-negative sorted NPCs demonstrated a high proportion of neuronal differentiation and proved to be functional in vitro. At 6 weeks after the intracerebroventricular transplantation of Q-NPCs into neonatal wild-type mice, CFP/DCX (doublecortin) double-positive transplanted cells were observed. The Q-NPCs did not express any other fluorescent proteins and did not mature into neuronal or glial cells. Although this model failed to visualize NPC differentiation in vivo, we determined that activation of the NPC glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP) promoter, as indicated by GFP expression, can be used to separate neuronal and glial progenitors as a valuable tool for transplantation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Skardelly
- Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Eileen Hempel
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Johannes Hirrlinger
- Carl-Ludwig-Institute for Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Florian Wegner
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Javorina Milosevic
- Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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12
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Liu H, Wang L, Lv M, Pei R, Li P, Pei Z, Wang Y, Su W, Xie XQ. AlzPlatform: an Alzheimer's disease domain-specific chemogenomics knowledgebase for polypharmacology and target identification research. J Chem Inf Model 2014; 54:1050-60. [PMID: 24597646 PMCID: PMC4010297 DOI: 10.1021/ci500004h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Alzheimer’s
disease (AD) is one of the most complicated progressive neurodegeneration
diseases that involve many genes, proteins, and their complex interactions.
No effective medicines or treatments are available yet to stop or
reverse the progression of the disease due to its polygenic nature.
To facilitate discovery of new AD drugs and better understand the
AD neurosignaling pathways involved, we have constructed an Alzheimer’s
disease domain-specific chemogenomics knowledgebase, AlzPlatform (www.cbligand.org/AD/) with cloud computing and sourcing
functions. AlzPlatform is implemented with powerful computational
algorithms, including our established TargetHunter, HTDocking, and
BBB Predictor for target identification and polypharmacology analysis
for AD research. The platform has assembled various AD-related chemogenomics
data records, including 928 genes and 320 proteins related to AD,
194 AD drugs approved or in clinical trials, and 405 188 chemicals
associated with 1 023 137 records of reported bioactivities
from 38 284 corresponding bioassays and 10 050 references.
Furthermore, we have demonstrated the application of the AlzPlatform
in three case studies for identification of multitargets and polypharmacology
analysis of FDA-approved drugs and also for screening and prediction
of new AD active small chemical molecules and potential novel AD drug
targets by our established TargetHunter and/or HTDocking programs.
The predictions were confirmed by reported bioactivity data and our
in vitro experimental validation. Overall, AlzPlatform will enrich
our knowledge for AD target identification, drug discovery, and polypharmacology
analyses and, also, facilitate the chemogenomics data sharing and
information exchange/communications in aid of new anti-AD drug discovery
and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibin Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Computational Chemical Genomics Screening Center, School of Pharmacy; Drug Discovery Institute; University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
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13
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Stanslowsky N, Haase A, Martin U, Naujock M, Leffler A, Dengler R, Wegner F. Functional differentiation of midbrain neurons from human cord blood-derived induced pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2014; 5:35. [PMID: 24636737 PMCID: PMC4055096 DOI: 10.1186/scrt423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) offer great promise for regenerative therapies or in vitro modelling of neurodegenerative disorders like Parkinson’s disease. Currently, widely used cell sources for the generation of hiPSCs are somatic cells obtained from aged individuals. However, a critical issue concerning the potential clinical use of these iPSCs is mutations that accumulate over lifetime and are transferred onto iPSCs during reprogramming which may influence the functionality of cells differentiated from them. The aim of our study was to establish a differentiation strategy to efficiently generate neurons including dopaminergic cells from human cord blood-derived iPSCs (hCBiPSCs) as a juvenescent cell source and prove their functional maturation in vitro. Methods The differentiation of hCBiPSCs was initiated by inhibition of transforming growth factor-β and bone morphogenetic protein signaling using the small molecules dorsomorphin and SB 431542 before final maturation was carried out. hCBiPSCs and differentiated neurons were characterized by immunocytochemistry and quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction. Since functional investigations of hCBiPSC-derived neurons are indispensable prior to clinical applications, we performed detailed analysis of essential ion channel properties using whole-cell patch-clamp recordings and calcium imaging. Results A Sox1 and Pax6 positive neuronal progenitor cell population was efficiently induced from hCBiPSCs using a newly established differentiation protocol. Neuronal progenitor cells could be further maturated into dopaminergic neurons expressing tyrosine hydroxylase, the dopamine transporter and engrailed 1. Differentiated hCBiPSCs exhibited voltage-gated ion currents, were able to fire action potentials and displayed synaptic activity indicating synapse formation. Application of the neurotransmitters GABA, glutamate and acetylcholine induced depolarizing calcium signal changes in neuronal cells providing evidence for the excitatory effects of these ligand-gated ion channels during maturation in vitro. Conclusions This study demonstrates for the first time that hCBiPSCs can be used as a juvenescent cell source to generate a large number of functional neurons including dopaminergic cells which may serve for the development of novel regenerative treatment strategies.
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14
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Jansson LC, Åkerman KE. The role of glutamate and its receptors in the proliferation, migration, differentiation and survival of neural progenitor cells. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2014; 121:819-36. [DOI: 10.1007/s00702-014-1174-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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15
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Dong C, Anand KJS. Developmental neurotoxicity of ketamine in pediatric clinical use. Toxicol Lett 2013; 220:53-60. [PMID: 23566897 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Revised: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Ketamine is widely used as an anesthetic, analgesic, and sedative in pediatric clinical practice and it is also listed as an illicit drug by most countries. Recent in vivo and in vitro animal studies have confirmed that ketamine can induce neuronal cell death in the immature brain, resulting from widespread neuronal apoptosis. These effects can disturb normal development further altering the structure and functions of the brain. Our recent studies further indicate that ketamine can alter neurogenesis from neural stem progenitor cells in the developing brain. Taken together, these findings identify a novel complication associated with ketamine use in premature infants, term newborns, and pregnant women. Recent data on the developmental neurotoxicity of ketamine are reviewed with proposed future directions for evaluating the safety of ketamine in these patient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoxuan Dong
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, United States.
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16
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Liedmann A, Frech S, Morgan PJ, Rolfs A, Frech MJ. Differentiation of human neural progenitor cells in functionalized hydrogel matrices. Biores Open Access 2013; 1:16-24. [PMID: 23515105 PMCID: PMC3560381 DOI: 10.1089/biores.2012.0209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogel-based three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds are widely used in the field of regenerative medicine, translational medicine, and tissue engineering. Recently, we reported the effect of scaffold formation on the differentiation and survival of human neural progenitor cells (hNPCs) using PuraMatrix™ (RADA-16) scaffolds. Here, we were interested in the impact of PuraMatrix modified by the addition of short peptide sequences, based on a bone marrow homing factor and laminin. The culture and differentiation of the hNPCs in the modified matrices resulted in an approximately fivefold increase in neuronal cells. The examination of apoptotic and necrotic cells, as well as the level of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2, indicates benefits for cells hosted in the modified formulations. In addition, we found a trend to lower proportions of apoptotic or necrotic neuronal cells in the modified matrices. Interestingly, the neural progenitor cell pool was increased in all the tested matrices in comparison to the standard 2D culture system, while no difference was found between the modified matrices. We conclude that a combination of elevated neuronal differentiation and a protective effect of the modified matrices underlies the increased proportion of neuronal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Liedmann
- Albrecht-Kossel-Institute for Neuroregeneration, University of Rostock , Rostock, Germany
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17
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Shin JY, Ahn YH, Paik MJ, Park HJ, Sohn YH, Lee PH. Elevated homocysteine by levodopa is detrimental to neurogenesis in parkinsonian model. PLoS One 2012; 7:e50496. [PMID: 23209759 PMCID: PMC3509089 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Accepted: 10/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Modulation of neurogenesis that acts as an endogenous repair mechanism would have a significant impact on future therapeutic strategies for Parkinson's disease (PD). Several studies demonstrated dopaminergic modulation of neurogenesis in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the adult brain. Levodopa, the gold standard therapy for PD, causes an increase in homocysteine levels that induces neuronal death via N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor. The present study investigated whether elevated homocysteine by levodopa treatment in a parkinsonian model would modulate neurogenesis via NMDA receptor signal cascade and compared the effect of levodopa and pramipexol (PPX) on neurogenic activity. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Neurogenesis was assessed in vitro using neural progenitor cells (NPCs) isolated from the SVZ and in vivo with the BrdU-injected animal model of PD using 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine. Modulation of homocysteine levels was evaluated using co-cultures of NPCs and astrocytes and PD animals. Immunochemical and Western blot analyses were used to measure neurogenesis and determine the cell death signaling. Levodopa treatment increased release of homocysteine on astrocytes culture media as well as in plasma and brain of PD animals. Increased homocysteine by levodopa led to increased apoptosis of NPCs through the NMDA receptor-dependent the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathways. The administration of a NMDA antagonist significantly attenuated apoptotic cell death in levodopa-treated NPCs and markedly increased the number of BrdU-positive cells in the SVZ of levodopa-treated PD animals. Comparative analysis revealed that PPX treatment significantly increased the number of NPCs and BrdU-positive cells in the SVZ of PD animals compared to levodopa treatment. Our present study demonstrated that increased homocysteine by levodopa has a detrimental effect on neurogenesis through NMDA receptor-mediated ERK signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Modulation of levodopa-induced elevated homocysteine by NMDA antagonist or dopamine agonist has a clinical relevance for PD treatment in terms of adult neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Young Shin
- Department of Neurology and Brain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Hwan Ahn
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Man-Jeong Paik
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Park
- Department of Neurology and Brain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young H. Sohn
- Department of Neurology and Brain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Phil Hyu Lee
- Department of Neurology and Brain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
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18
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Cerveny KL, Varga M, Wilson SW. Continued growth and circuit building in the anamniote visual system. Dev Neurobiol 2012; 72:328-45. [PMID: 21563317 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.20917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Fish and amphibia are capable of lifelong growth and regeneration. The two core components of their visual system, the retina and tectum both maintain small populations of stem cells that contribute new neurons and glia to these tissues as they grow. As the animals age, the initial retinal projections onto the tectum are continuously remodeled to maintain retinotopy. These properties raise several biological challenges related to the control of proliferation and differentiation of retinal and tectal stem cells. For instance, how do stem and progenitor cells integrate intrinsic and extrinsic cues to produce the appropriate type and number of cells needed by the growing tissue. Does retinal growth or neuronal activity influence tectal growth? What are the cellular and molecular mechanisms that enable retinal axons to shift their tectal connections as these two tissues grow in incongruent patterns? While we cannot yet provide answers to these questions, this review attempts to supply background and context, laying the ground work for new investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara L Cerveny
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College, London, UK
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19
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Abstract
The importance of adult neurogenesis has only recently been accepted, resulting in a completely new field of investigation within stem cell biology. The regulation and functional significance of adult neurogenesis is currently an area of highly active research. G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have emerged as potential modulators of adult neurogenesis. GPCRs represent a class of proteins with significant clinical importance, because approximately 30% of all modern therapeutic treatments target these receptors. GPCRs bind to a large class of neurotransmitters and neuromodulators such as norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin. Besides their typical role in cellular communication, GPCRs are expressed on adult neural stem cells and their progenitors that relay specific signals to regulate the neurogenic process. This review summarizes the field of adult neurogenesis and its methods and specifies the roles of various GPCRs and their signal transduction pathways that are involved in the regulation of adult neural stem cells and their progenitors. Current evidence supporting adult neurogenesis as a model for self-repair in neuropathologic conditions, adult neural stem cell therapeutic strategies, and potential avenues for GPCR-based therapeutics are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van A Doze
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, NB50, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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20
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Wegner F, Kraft R, Busse K, Härtig W, Ahrens J, Leffler A, Dengler R, Schwarz J. Differentiated human midbrain-derived neural progenitor cells express excitatory strychnine-sensitive glycine receptors containing α2β subunits. PLoS One 2012; 7:e36946. [PMID: 22606311 PMCID: PMC3350492 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2011] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human fetal midbrain-derived neural progenitor cells (NPCs) may deliver a tissue source for drug screening and regenerative cell therapy to treat Parkinson's disease. While glutamate and GABA(A) receptors play an important role in neurogenesis, the involvement of glycine receptors during human neurogenesis and dopaminergic differentiation as well as their molecular and functional characteristics in NPCs are largely unknown. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Here we investigated NPCs in respect to their glycine receptor function and subunit expression using electrophysiology, calcium imaging, immunocytochemistry, and quantitative real-time PCR. Whole-cell recordings demonstrate the ability of NPCs to express functional strychnine-sensitive glycine receptors after differentiation for 3 weeks in vitro. Pharmacological and molecular analyses indicate a predominance of glycine receptor heteromers containing α2β subunits. Intracellular calcium measurements of differentiated NPCs suggest that glycine evokes depolarisations mediated by strychnine-sensitive glycine receptors and not by D-serine-sensitive excitatory glycine receptors. Culturing NPCs with additional glycine, the glycine-receptor antagonist strychnine, or the Na(+)-K(+)-Cl(-) co-transporter 1 (NKCC1)-inhibitor bumetanide did not significantly influence cell proliferation and differentiation in vitro. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE These data indicate that NPCs derived from human fetal midbrain tissue acquire essential glycine receptor properties during neuronal maturation. However, glycine receptors seem to have a limited functional impact on neurogenesis and dopaminergic differentiation of NPCs in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Wegner
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
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21
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Feng Z, Li W, Xue X, Geng X, Wu Y, Huang J, Wu Z. A Novel GAP460 Biopolymer for Use as a Carrier in Drug-Delivery Applications. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2012; 22:2023-40. [DOI: 10.1163/092050610x530973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Feng
- a College of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Wenjuan Li
- b College of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Xiaomin Xue
- c College of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Xu Geng
- d College of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yelin Wu
- e College of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Jing Huang
- f College of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Zirong Wu
- g College of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P. R. China.
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Yao J, Mu Y, Gage FH. Neural stem cells: mechanisms and modeling. Protein Cell 2012; 3:251-61. [PMID: 22549585 PMCID: PMC4875476 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-012-2033-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the adult brain, neural stem cells have been found in two major niches: the dentate gyrus and the subventricular zone [corrected]. Neurons derived from these stem cells contribute to learning, memory, and the autonomous repair of the brain under pathological conditions. Hence, the physiology of adult neural stem cells has become a significant component of research on synaptic plasticity and neuronal disorders. In addition, the recently developed induced pluripotent stem cell technique provides a powerful tool for researchers engaged in the pathological and pharmacological study of neuronal disorders. In this review, we briefly summarize the research progress in neural stem cells in the adult brain and in the neuropathological application of the induced pluripotent stem cell technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yao
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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23
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Aumann T, Horne M. Activity‐dependent regulation of the dopamine phenotype in substantia nigra neurons. J Neurochem 2012; 121:497-515. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2012.07703.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tim Aumann
- Florey Neuroscience Institutes, Melbourne Brain Centre, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Neuroscience, Melbourne Brain Centre, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mal Horne
- Florey Neuroscience Institutes, Melbourne Brain Centre, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- St Vincent’s Hospital, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
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Morgan PJ, Liedmann A, Hübner R, Hovakimyan M, Rolfs A, Frech MJ. Human neural progenitor cells show functional neuronal differentiation and regional preference after engraftment onto hippocampal slice cultures. Stem Cells Dev 2011; 21:1501-12. [PMID: 21867424 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2011.0335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The transplantation of stem cells offers potential therapies for many neurodegenerative disorders that currently have limited or no treatment options. However, relatively little is known about how the host environment affects the development and integration of these cells. In this study we have engrafted immortalized human midbrain neural progenitor cells (NPCs) onto rat hippocampal brain slice cultures to examine the influence of a neural environment on differentiation. Patch clamp recordings revealed that the transplanted progenitor cells could express neuronal-type voltage-gated currents and rapidly receive synaptic input from the hippocampal brain slice. The distribution of progenitor cells across the hippocampal slices was strongly influenced by the neural architecture, with most cells located in the fissural regions and sending processes parallel to the laminar structure, while in contrast, cells located in the dentate gyrus showed no organized pattern. Almost no cells were found in the stratum radiatum or pyramidal cell layers. Together, these results demonstrate the potential for the architecture of the host environment to regulate the integration of transplanted cells, and highlight the utility of coculture systems for studying the mechanisms underlying the migration, integration, and differentiation of human NPCs in structured neural environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Morgan
- Albrecht-Kossel-Institute for Neuroregeneration, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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25
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Neuregulin1/ErbB4-induced migration in ST14A striatal progenitors: calcium-dependent mechanisms and modulation by NMDA receptor activation. BMC Neurosci 2011; 12:103. [PMID: 21991932 PMCID: PMC3209446 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-12-103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2011] [Accepted: 10/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A number of studies have separately shown that the neuregulin1 (NRG1)/ErbB4 system and NMDA-type glutamate receptors (NMDARs) are involved in several aspects of neuronal migration. In addition, intracellular calcium fluctuations play central roles in neuronal motility. Stable expression of the tyrosine kinase receptor ErbB4 promotes migratory activity in the neural progenitor cell line ST14A upon NRG1 stimulation. In this work we analyzed the potential interactions between the NRG1/ErbB4 system and NMDARs in the ST14A migratory process as well as its calcium dependence. Results RT-PCR studies have shown that both native ST14A cells (non-expressing ErbB4), as well as ErbB4-transfected cells express low levels of a restricted number of NMDAR subunits: NR1, NR2C, NR2D and NR3B. The resulting NMDAR would form Ca2+ channels characterized by low Mg2+-sensitivity and low Ca2+-permeability, generating small, long-lasting currents. Ca2+-imaging experiments showed slow [Ca2+]i increases in 45% of the cells following 8 μM NMDA stimulation. Basal migration of ErbB4-transfected ST14A cells was unaffected by 18 hrs NMDA incubation. However, over the same incubation time, NMDA was able to significantly enhance NRG1-induced migration. Pre-incubation with the intracellular calcium chelator BAPTA-AM reduced both NRG1- and NRG1/NMDA-stimulated migration, suggesting the involvement of Ca2+ in these processes. NRG1 stimulation of ErbB4-transfected ST14A cells induced a sustained, long-lasting increase in [Ca2+]i, in 99% of the cells. These intracellular Ca2+ signals could be ascribed to both release from intracellular stores and influx from the extracellular medium trough a mechanism of store-operated calcium entry (SOCE). Short-time co-incubation of NMDA and NRG1 did not substantially modify the NRG1-induced intracellular calcium signals. Conclusions In summary, NRG1 stimulation of the ErbB4 receptor exerts a sustained [Ca2+]i increase in ST14A neural progenitors; NRG1-induced migration is Ca2+-dependent and can be positively modulated by activation of the NMDA receptor.
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Labeed FH, Lu J, Mulhall HJ, Marchenko SA, Hoettges KF, Estrada LC, Lee AP, Hughes MP, Flanagan LA. Biophysical characteristics reveal neural stem cell differentiation potential. PLoS One 2011; 6:e25458. [PMID: 21980464 PMCID: PMC3184132 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0025458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2011] [Accepted: 09/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Distinguishing human neural stem/progenitor cell (huNSPC) populations that will predominantly generate neurons from those that produce glia is currently hampered by a lack of sufficient cell type-specific surface markers predictive of fate potential. This limits investigation of lineage-biased progenitors and their potential use as therapeutic agents. A live-cell biophysical and label-free measure of fate potential would solve this problem by obviating the need for specific cell surface markers. Methodology/Principal Findings We used dielectrophoresis (DEP) to analyze the biophysical, specifically electrophysiological, properties of cortical human and mouse NSPCs that vary in differentiation potential. Our data demonstrate that the electrophysiological property membrane capacitance inversely correlates with the neurogenic potential of NSPCs. Furthermore, as huNSPCs are continually passaged they decrease neuron generation and increase membrane capacitance, confirming that this parameter dynamically predicts and negatively correlates with neurogenic potential. In contrast, differences in membrane conductance between NSPCs do not consistently correlate with the ability of the cells to generate neurons. DEP crossover frequency, which is a quantitative measure of cell behavior in DEP, directly correlates with neuron generation of NSPCs, indicating a potential mechanism to separate stem cells biased to particular differentiated cell fates. Conclusions/Significance We show here that whole cell membrane capacitance, but not membrane conductance, reflects and predicts the neurogenic potential of human and mouse NSPCs. Stem cell biophysical characteristics therefore provide a completely novel and quantitative measure of stem cell fate potential and a label-free means to identify neuron- or glial-biased progenitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima H. Labeed
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Jente Lu
- Department of Neurology and Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Hayley J. Mulhall
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Steve A. Marchenko
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Kai F. Hoettges
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Laura C. Estrada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
- Laboratory for Fluorescence Dynamics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Abraham P. Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Michael P. Hughes
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa A. Flanagan
- Department of Neurology and Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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27
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Selective activation of metabotropic glutamate receptor 7 induces inhibition of cellular proliferation and promotes astrocyte differentiation of ventral mesencephalon human neural stem/progenitor cells. Neurochem Int 2011; 59:421-31. [PMID: 21624409 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2011.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2010] [Revised: 04/04/2011] [Accepted: 04/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Expression of group III metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR) was established by RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry on a cultured clonal human neural stem/progenitor cell (hNSPC) line derived from fetal ventral mesencephalon (VM). Selective activation of these receptors by the group III mGluR agonist L-(+)-2-amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid (L-AP4) prevented increases in cAMP levels following forskolin stimulation, suggesting these receptors are coupled to their canonical G-protein coupled signal transduction pathway. Tonic exposure of undifferentiated cultures to L-AP4 resulted in a decrease in cellular metabolism and proliferation in the absence of toxicity, as measured by MTT and LDH assays, in a dose-dependent manner. This was confirmed by a reduction in BrdU incorporation into nuclear DNA, suggestive of an anti-proliferative effect of L-AP4. This effect was rescued by co-addition of the broad-spectrum group III mGluR competitive antagonist (RS)-a-cyclopropyl-4-phosphonophenylglycine (CPPG), demonstrating a receptor-mediated mechanism, but not mimicked by application of the cell permeable cAMP analogue dibutyrl cAMP (db-cAMP). The potency of these effects of L-AP4 indicates that this is an mGlu7 subtype-mediated effect. Tonic exposure of undifferentiated cultures to the mGlu7 selective allosteric agonist N,N'-bis(diphenylmethyl)-1,2-ethanediamine dihydrochloride (AMN082), but not the mGlu4 selective allosteric agonist (±)-cis-2-(3,5-dicholorphenylcarbamoyl)cyclohexanecarboxylic acid (VU0155041), or the mGlu8 selective agonist (S)-3,4-dicarboxyphenylglycine ((S)-3,4-DCPG) resulted in an identical anti-proliferative effect to L-AP4, confirming the involvement of the mGlu7 subtype. In differentiating cultures, tonic exposure to L-AP4 or AMN082 resulted in a significant shift towards an astrocyte cell fate. The mGlu7 receptor therefore provides a new opportunity to influence the proliferation and differentiation of ventral mesencephalon-derived hNSPC.
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28
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Belinsky GS, Moore AR, Short SM, Rich MT, Antic SD. Physiological properties of neurons derived from human embryonic stem cells using a dibutyryl cyclic AMP-based protocol. Stem Cells Dev 2011; 20:1733-46. [PMID: 21226567 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2010.0501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurons derived from human embryonic stem cells hold promise for the therapy of neurological diseases. Quality inspection of human embryonic stem cell-derived neurons has often been based on immunolabeling for neuronal markers. Here we put emphasis on their physiological properties. Electrophysiological measurements were carried out systematically at different stages of neuronal in vitro development, including the very early stage, neuroepithelial rosettes. Developing human neurons are able to generate action potentials (APs) as early as 10 days after the start of differentiation. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive (putative dopaminergic, DA) neurons tend to aggregate into clumps, and their overall yield per coverslip is relatively low (8.3%) because of areas void of DA neurons. On the same in vitro day, neighboring neurons can be in very different stages of differentiation, including repetitive AP firing, single full-size AP, and abortive AP. Similarly, the basic electrophysiological parameters (resting membrane potential, input resistance, peak sodium, and peak potassium currents) are scattered in a wide range. Visual appearance of differentiating neurons, and number of primary and secondary dendrites cannot be used to predict the peak sodium current or AP firing properties of cultured neurons. Approximately 13% of neurons showed evidence of hyperpolarization-induced current (I(h)), a characteristic of DA neurons; however, no neurons with repetitive APs showed I(h). The electrophysiological measurements thus indicate that a standard DA differentiation (dibutyryl cyclic AMP-based) protocol, applied for 2-5 weeks, produces a heterogeneous ensemble of mostly immature neurons. The overall quality of human neurons under present conditions (survival factors were not used) begins to deteriorate after 12 days of differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn S Belinsky
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030-3401, USA
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29
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Schwarz SC, Schwarz J. Translation of stem cell therapy for neurological diseases. Transl Res 2010; 156:155-60. [PMID: 20801412 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2010.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2010] [Revised: 07/09/2010] [Accepted: 07/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
"Regenerative medicine" hopefully will provide novel therapies for diseases that remain without effective therapy. This development is also true for most neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, or Parkinson's disease. Transplantation of new neurons to the brain has been performed in Parkinson's disease and in Huntington's disease. The restoration of dopaminergic neurons in patients with Parkinson's disease via implantation of embryonic midbrain tissue was taken from animal experiments to clinical applications, showing a limited efficacy. Clinical trials in patients with Huntington's disease using fetal striatal tissue currently are underway. Today, it seems possible to generate functional dopaminergic or striatal neurons form a variety of stem cells including embryonic or neural stem cells as well as induced pluripotent stem cells. First clinical trials using neural stem cell or embryonic-stem-cell-derived tissue are approved or already underway. Such cells allow for extensive in vitro and in vivo testing as well as "good manufacturing production," reducing the risks in clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigrid C Schwarz
- Department of Neurology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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