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Secco H, Farina LF, da Costa VO, Beiroz W, Guerreiro M, Gonçalves PR. Identifying Roadkill Hotspots for Mammals in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest using a Functional Group Approach. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 73:365-377. [PMID: 37294316 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-023-01844-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A critical step to design wildlife mitigating measures is the identification of roadkill hotspots. However, the effectiveness of mitigations based on roadkill hotspots depends on whether spatial aggregations are recurrent over time, spatially restricted, and most importantly, shared by species with diverse ecological and functional characteristics. We used a functional group approach to map roadkill hotspots for mammalian species along the BR-101/North RJ, a major road crossing important remnants of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. We tested if functional groups present distinct hotspot patterns, and if they converge into the same road sectors, in that case, favoring optimal mitigating actions. Roadkill rates were monitored and recorded between October/2014 and September/2018 and species were classified into six functional groups based on their home range, body size, locomotion mode, diet, and forest-dependency. Hotspots along the roads were mapped for comparison of spatial patterns between functional groups. Results demonstrated that the roadkill index varied idiosyncratically for each functional group throughout the months and that no group presented seasonality. Seven hotspots were shared by two or more functional groups, highlighting the importance of these road stretches to regional mammal fauna. Two of the stretches are associated with aquatic areas extending from one side of the road to the other, and the remaining are connected to patches of native vegetation on both sides. This work brings a promising approach, yet hardly used in ecological studies on roads to analyze roadkill dynamics, assigning more importance to ecological instead of taxonomical characteristics, normally used to identify spatiotemporal patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helio Secco
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Macaé, Brazil.
- Falco Ambiental Consultoria, Macaé, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Wallace Beiroz
- Universidade Federal do Sul e Sudeste do Pará, São Félix do Xingu, Brazil
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Sundstrom SM, Angeler DG, Bell J, Hayes M, Hodbod J, Jalalzadeh-Fard B, Mahmood R, VanWormer E, Allen CR. Panarchy theory for convergence. SUSTAINABILITY SCIENCE 2023; 18:1-16. [PMID: 37363302 PMCID: PMC10013239 DOI: 10.1007/s11625-023-01299-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Coping with surprise and uncertainty resulting from the emergence of undesired and unexpected novelty or the sudden reorganization of systems at multiple spatiotemporal scales requires both a scientific process that can incorporate diverse expertise and viewpoints, and a scientific framework that can account for the structure and dynamics of interacting social-ecological systems (SES) and the inherent uncertainty of what might emerge in the future. We argue that combining a convergence scientific process with a panarchy framework provides a pathway for improving our understanding of, and response to, emergence. Emergent phenomena are often unexpected (e.g., pandemics, regime shifts) and can be highly disruptive, so can pose a significant challenge to the development of sustainable and resilient SES. Convergence science is a new approach promoted by the U.S. National Science Foundation for tackling complex problems confronting humanity through the integration of multiple perspectives, expertise, methods, tools, and analytical approaches. Panarchy theory is a framework useful for studying emergence, because it characterizes complex systems of people and nature as dynamically organized and structured within and across scales of space and time. It accounts for the fundamental tenets of complex systems and explicitly grapples with emergence, including the emergence of novelty, and the emergent property of social-ecological resilience. We provide an overview of panarchy, convergence science, and emergence. We discuss the significant data and methodological challenges of using panarchy in a convergence approach to address emergent phenomena, as well as state-of-the-art methods for overcoming them. We present two examples that would benefit from such an approach: climate change and its impacts on social-ecological systems, and the relationships between infectious disease and social-ecological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shana M. Sundstrom
- Center for Resilience in Agricultural Working Landscapes, School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA
| | - David G. Angeler
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7059, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
- School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA
- The PRODEO Institute, San Francisco, CA USA
- IMPACT, The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC Australia
| | - Jesse Bell
- School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA
- Department of Environmental, Agricultural, and Occupational Health, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE USA
- Daugherty Water for Food Global Institute, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE USA
| | - Michael Hayes
- School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA
| | - Jennifer Hodbod
- Sustainability Research Institute, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT USA
| | - Babak Jalalzadeh-Fard
- Department of Environmental, Agricultural, and Occupational Health, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198 USA
| | - Rezaul Mahmood
- High Plains Regional Climate Center, School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA
| | - Elizabeth VanWormer
- Center for Resilience in Agricultural Working Landscapes, School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA
| | - Craig R. Allen
- Center for Resilience in Agricultural Working Landscapes, School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA
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Zuliani M, Ghazian N, Lortie CJ. A meta‐analysis of shrub density as a predictor of animal abundance. WILDLIFE BIOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/wlb3.01042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Zuliani
- Dept of Biological Science, York Univ. Toronto ON Canada
| | - Nargol Ghazian
- Dept of Biological Science, York Univ. Toronto ON Canada
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4
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Gahbauer MA, Parker SR, Wu JX, Harpur C, Bateman BL, Whitaker DM, Tate DP, Taylor L, Lepage D. Projected changes in bird assemblages due to climate change in a Canadian system of protected areas. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262116. [PMID: 35061743 PMCID: PMC8782523 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
National parks often serve as a cornerstone for a country's species and ecosystem conservation efforts. However, despite the protection these sites afford, climate change is expected to drive a substantial change in their bird assemblages. We used species distribution models to predict the change in environmental suitability (i.e., how well environmental conditions explain the presence of a species) of 49 Canadian national parks during summer and winter for 434 bird species under a 2°C warming scenario, anticipated to occur in Canada around the mid-21st century. We compared these to existing species distributions in the 2010s, and classified suitability projections for each species at each park as potential extirpation, worsening, stable, improving, or potential colonisation. Across all parks, and both seasons, 70% of the projections indicate change, including a 25% turnover in summer assemblages and 30% turnover in winter assemblages. The majority of parks are projected to have increases in species richness and functional traits in winter, compared to a mix of increases and decreases in both in summer. However, some changes are expected to vary by region, such as Arctic region parks being likely to experience the most potential colonisation, while some of the Mixedwood Plains and Atlantic Maritime region parks may experience the greatest turnover and potential extirpation in summer if management actions are not taken to mitigate some of these losses. Although uncertainty exists around the precise rate and impacts of climate change, our results indicate that conservation practices that assume stationarity of environmental conditions will become untenable. We propose general guidance to help managers adapt their conservation actions to consider the potentially substantive changes in bird assemblages that are projected, including managing for persistence and change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel A. Gahbauer
- Canadian Wildlife Service, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Joanna X. Wu
- National Audubon Society, New York City, New York, United States of America
| | | | - Brooke L. Bateman
- National Audubon Society, New York City, New York, United States of America
| | | | | | - Lotem Taylor
- National Audubon Society, New York City, New York, United States of America
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5
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Chen G, Gu X, Liu Y, Wang W, Wang M. Different functional feeding groups of mangrove soil molluscs invoke unique co‐occurrence patterns in response to a climate extreme. DIVERS DISTRIB 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Guogui Chen
- Key Laboratory of the Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems (Xiamen University) Ministry of Education College of the Environment & Ecology Xiamen University Xiamen China
| | - Xuan Gu
- Key Laboratory of the Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems (Xiamen University) Ministry of Education College of the Environment & Ecology Xiamen University Xiamen China
| | - Yi Liu
- Key Laboratory of the Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems (Xiamen University) Ministry of Education College of the Environment & Ecology Xiamen University Xiamen China
| | - Wenqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems (Xiamen University) Ministry of Education College of the Environment & Ecology Xiamen University Xiamen China
| | - Mao Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems (Xiamen University) Ministry of Education College of the Environment & Ecology Xiamen University Xiamen China
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Francis R, Bino G, Inman V, Brandis K, Kingsford R. The Okavango Delta’s waterbirds – Trends and threatening processes. Glob Ecol Conserv 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Pearman-Gillman SB, Duveneck MJ, Murdoch JD, Donovan TM. Wildlife resistance and protection in a changing New England landscape. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239525. [PMID: 32970736 PMCID: PMC7515594 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid changes in climate and land use threaten the persistence of wildlife species. Understanding where species are likely to occur now and in the future can help identify areas that are resistant to change over time and guide conservation planning. We estimated changes in species distribution patterns and spatial resistance in five future scenarios for the New England region of the northeastern United States. We present scenario-specific distribution change maps for nine harvested wildlife species, identifying regions of increasing, decreasing, or stable habitat suitability within each scenario. Next, we isolated areas where species occurrence probability is high (p > 0.7) and resistant to change across all future scenarios. Resistance was also evaluated relative to current land protection to identify patterns in and out of Protected Areas (PAs). Generally, species distributions declined in area over the 50-year assessment period (2010-2060), with the greatest average declines occurring for moose (-40.9%) and wild turkey (-22.1%). Species resistance varied considerably across the region, with coyote demonstrating the highest average regional resistance (91.81% of the region) and moose demonstrating the lowest (0.76% of the region). At the state level, average focal species resistance was highest in Maine (the largest state) and lowest in Massachusetts. Many of the focal species showed high overlap in resistance and land protection. Coyote, white-tailed deer, and black bear had the highest probability of resistance, given protection, while moose and wild turkey had the highest probability of protection, given resistance. Overall, relatively small portions of New England-ranging between 0.25% and 21.12%-were both protected and resistant for the focal species. Our results provide estimates of resistance that can inform conservation planning for commonly harvested species that are important ecologically, economically, and culturally to the region. Expanding protected area coverage to include resistant areas may provide longer term benefits to these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Schuyler B. Pearman-Gillman
- Vermont Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
- Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - Matthew J. Duveneck
- Harvard Forest, Harvard University, Petersham, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - James D. Murdoch
- Wildlife and Fisheries Biology Program, Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - Therese M. Donovan
- Vermont Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
- Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
- United States Geological Survey, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
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Aguilera MA, Valdivia N, Broitman BR, Jenkins SR, Navarrete SA. Novel co-occurrence of functionally redundant consumers induced by range expansion alters community structure. Ecology 2020; 101:e03150. [PMID: 32730670 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Ongoing climate change is shifting the geographic distributions of some species, potentially imposing rapid changes in local community structure and ecosystem functioning. Besides changes in population-level interspecific interactions, such range shifts may also cause changes in functional structure within the host assemblages, which can result in losses or gains in ecosystem functions. Because consumer-resource dynamics are central to community regulation, functional reorganization driven by introduction of new consumer species can have large consequences on ecosystem functions. Here we experimentally examine the extent to which the recent poleward range expansion of the intertidal grazer limpet Scurria viridula along the coast of Chile has altered the role of the resident congeneric limpet S. zebrina, and whether the net collective impacts, and functional structure, of the entire herbivore guild have been modified by the introduction of this new member. We examined the functional role of Scurria species in controlling ephemeral algal cover, bare rock availability, and species richness and diversity, and compared the effects in the region of range overlap against their respective "native" abutted ranges. Experiments showed depression of per capita effects of the range-expanded species within the region of overlap, suggesting environmental conditions negatively affect individual performance. In contrast, effects of S. zebrina were commonly invariant at its range edge. When comparing single species versus polycultures, effects on bare rock cover were altered by the presence of the other Scurria species, suggesting competition between Scurria species. Importantly, although the magnitude of S. viridula effects at the range overlap was reduced, its addition to the herbivore guild seems to complement and intensify the role of the guild in reducing green algal cover, species richness and increasing bare space provision. Our study thus highlights that range expansion of an herbivore can modify the functional guild structure in the recipient community. It also highlights the complexity of predicting how functional structure may change in the face of natural or human-induced range expansions. There is a need for more field-based examination of regional functional compensation, complementarity, or inhibition before we can construct a conceptual framework to anticipate the consequences of species range expansions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moisés A Aguilera
- Departamento de Biología Marina, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Larrondo, 1281, Coquimbo, Chile.,Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), Ossandón 877, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Nelson Valdivia
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Campus Isla Teja, Valdivia, 5110236, Chile.,Centro FONDAP de Investigación de Dinámicas de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Chile
| | - Bernardo R Broitman
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Artes Liberales, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Viña de Mar, Chile
| | - Stuart R Jenkins
- School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Menai Bridge, Anglesey, LL59 5AB, UK
| | - Sergio A Navarrete
- Estación Costera de Investigaciones Marinas, Las Cruces, Center for Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla 114-D, Santiago, Chile
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9
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The Ecosystem Resilience Concept Applied to Hydrogeological Systems: A General Approach. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12061824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We have witnessed the great changes that hydrogeological systems are facing in the last decades: rivers that have dried up; wetlands that have disappeared, leaving their buckets converted into farmland; and aquifers that have been intensively exploited for years, among others. Humans have caused the most part of these results that can be worsened by climate change, with delayed effects on groundwater quantity and quality. The consequences are negatively impacting ecosystems and dependent societies. The concept of resilience has not been extensively used in the hydrogeological research, and it can be a very useful concept that can improve the understanding and management of these systems. The aim of this work is to briefly discuss the role of resilience in the context of freshwater systems affected by either climate or anthropic actions as a way to increase our understanding of how anticipating negative changes (transitions) may contribute to improving the management of the system and preserving the services that it provides. First, the article presents the basic concepts applied to hydrogeological systems from the ecosystem’s resilience approach. Second, the factors controlling for hydrogeological systems’ responses to different impacts are commented upon. Third, a case study is analyzed and discussed. Finally, the useful implications of the concept are discussed.
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Mantyka‐Pringle C, Leston L, Messmer D, Asong E, Bayne EM, Bortolotti LE, Sekulic G, Wheater H, Howerter DW, Clark RG. Antagonistic, synergistic and direct effects of land use and climate on Prairie wetland ecosystems: Ghosts of the past or present? DIVERS DISTRIB 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chrystal Mantyka‐Pringle
- School of Environment and Sustainability University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon SK Canada
- Global Institute for Water Security University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon SK Canada
- Department of Biology University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon SK Canada
- Wildlife Conservation Society Canada Whitehorse YK Canada
| | - Lionel Leston
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Alberta Edmonton AB Canada
| | - Dave Messmer
- Department of Biology University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon SK Canada
| | - Elvis Asong
- Global Institute for Water Security University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon SK Canada
| | - Erin M. Bayne
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Alberta Edmonton AB Canada
| | - Lauren E. Bortolotti
- School of Environment and Sustainability University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon SK Canada
- Institute for Wetland and Waterfowl Research Ducks Unlimited Canada Stonewall MB Canada
| | | | - Howard Wheater
- Global Institute for Water Security University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon SK Canada
| | - David W. Howerter
- Institute for Wetland and Waterfowl Research Ducks Unlimited Canada Stonewall MB Canada
| | - Robert G. Clark
- Department of Biology University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon SK Canada
- Environment & Climate Change Canada Prairie & Northern Wildlife Research Center Saskatoon SK Canada
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11
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Sundstrom SM, Angeler DG, Barichievy C, Eason T, Garmestani A, Gunderson L, Knutson M, Nash KL, Spanbauer T, Stow C, Allen CR. The distribution and role of functional abundance in cross-scale resilience. Ecology 2018; 99:2421-2432. [PMID: 30175443 PMCID: PMC6792002 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The cross-scale resilience model suggests that system-level ecological resilience emerges from the distribution of species' functions within and across the spatial and temporal scales of a system. It has provided a quantitative method for calculating the resilience of a given system and so has been a valuable contribution to a largely qualitative field. As it is currently laid out, the model accounts for the spatial and temporal scales at which environmental resources and species are present and the functional roles species play but does not inform us about how much resource is present or how much function is provided. In short, it does not account for abundance in the distribution of species and their functional roles within and across the scales of a system. We detail the ways in which we would expect species' abundance to be relevant to the cross-scale resilience model based on the extensive abundance literature in ecology. We also put forward a series of testable hypotheses that would improve our ability to anticipate and quantify how resilience is generated, and how ecosystems will (or will not) buffer recent rapid global changes. This stream of research may provide an improved foundation for the quantitative evaluation of ecological resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shana M. Sundstrom
- School of Natural Resources, 103 Hardin Hall, 3310 Holdrege St., University of Nebraska-Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
- Corresponding author:
| | - David G. Angeler
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Box 7050, SE- 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Chris Barichievy
- Zoological Society of London. Regents Park, London NW1 4RY, UK
- Institute for Communities and Wildlife in Africa, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, 7700, South Africa
| | - Tarsha Eason
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA
| | - Ahjond Garmestani
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA
| | - Lance Gunderson
- Department of Environmental Studies, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | | | - Kirsty L. Nash
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7000
| | - Trisha Spanbauer
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas-Austin, TX 78712
| | - Craig Stow
- National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory, Ann Arbor, MI 48108, USA
| | - Craig R. Allen
- U.S. Geological Survey - Nebraska Cooperative Fish & Wildlife Research Unit, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
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12
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Roberts CP, Twidwell D, Burnett JL, Donovan VM, Wonkka CL, Bielski CL, Garmestani AS, Angeler DG, Allred B, Jones MO, Naugle DE, Sundstrom SM, Allen CR. Early Warnings for State Transitions. RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT 2018; 71:659-670. [PMID: 30800013 PMCID: PMC6381995 DOI: 10.1016/j.rama.2018.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
New concepts have emerged in theoretical ecology with the intent to quantify complexities in ecological change that are unaccounted for in state-and-transition models and to provide applied ecologists with statistical early warning metrics able to predict and prevent state transitions. With its rich history of furthering ecological theory and its robust and broad-scale monitoring frameworks, the rangeland discipline is poised to empirically assess these newly proposed ideas while also serving as early adopters of novel statistical metrics that provide advanced warning of a pending shift to an alternative ecological regime. Were view multivariate early warning and regime shift detection metrics, identify situations where various metrics will be most useful for rangeland science, and then highlight known shortcomings. Our review of a suite of multivariate-based regime shift/early warning indicators provides a broad range of metrics applicable to a wide variety of data types or contexts, from situations where a great deal is known about the key system drivers and a regime shift is hypothesized a priori, to situations where the key drivers and the possibility of a regime shift are both unknown. These metrics can be used to answer ecological state-and-transition questions, inform policymakers, and provide quantitative decision-making tools for managers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleb P Roberts
- University of Nebraska, Department of Agronomy & Horticulture, Keim Hall, Lincoln, NE 66583-0915, USA
- Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, University of Nebraska, School of Natural Resources, Hardin Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583-0961, USA
| | - Dirac Twidwell
- University of Nebraska, Department of Agronomy & Horticulture, Keim Hall, Lincoln, NE 66583-0915, USA
| | - Jessica L Burnett
- Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, University of Nebraska, School of Natural Resources, Hardin Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583-0961, USA
| | - Victoria M Donovan
- University of Nebraska, Department of Agronomy & Horticulture, Keim Hall, Lincoln, NE 66583-0915, USA
| | - Carissa L Wonkka
- University of Nebraska, Department of Agronomy & Horticulture, Keim Hall, Lincoln, NE 66583-0915, USA
| | - Christine L Bielski
- University of Nebraska, Department of Agronomy & Horticulture, Keim Hall, Lincoln, NE 66583-0915, USA
- Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, University of Nebraska, School of Natural Resources, Hardin Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583-0961, USA
| | - Ahjond S Garmestani
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA
| | - David G Angeler
- Swedish University of Agriculture Sciences, Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Uppsala, Sweden, PO Box 7050
| | - BradyW Allred
- University of Montana, WA Franke College of Forestry and Conservation, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
| | - Matthew O Jones
- University of Montana, WA Franke College of Forestry and Conservation, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
| | - David E Naugle
- University of Montana, WA Franke College of Forestry and Conservation, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
| | - Shana M Sundstrom
- Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, University of Nebraska, School of Natural Resources, Hardin Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583-0961, USA
| | - Craig R Allen
- U.S. Geological Survey, Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Hardin Hall, Lincoln, NE 66583-0984, USA
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13
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Barichievy C, Angeler DG, Eason T, Garmestani AS, Nash KL, Stow CA, Sundstrom S, Allen CR. A method to detect discontinuities in census data. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:9614-9623. [PMID: 30386561 PMCID: PMC6202717 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The distribution of pattern across scales has predictive power in the analysis of complex systems. Discontinuity approaches remain a fruitful avenue of research in the quest for quantitative measures of resilience because discontinuity analysis provides an objective means of identifying scales in complex systems and facilitates delineation of hierarchical patterns in processes, structure, and resources. However, current discontinuity methods have been considered too subjective, too complicated and opaque, or have become computationally obsolete; given the ubiquity of discontinuities in ecological and other complex systems, a simple and transparent method for detection is needed. In this study, we present a method to detect discontinuities in census data based on resampling of a neutral model and provide the R code used to run the analyses. This method has the potential for advancing basic and applied ecological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Barichievy
- Zoological Society of LondonLondonUK
- Institute for Communities and Wildlife in AfricaUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
| | - David G. Angeler
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and AssessmentSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsalaSweden
| | - Tarsha Eason
- U.S. Environmental Protection AgencyOffice of Research and DevelopmentNational Risk Management Research LaboratoryCincinnatiOhio
| | - Ahjond S. Garmestani
- U.S. Environmental Protection AgencyOffice of Research and DevelopmentNational Risk Management Research LaboratoryCincinnatiOhio
| | - Kirsty L. Nash
- Centre for Marine SocioecologyHobartTASAustralia
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic StudiesUniversity of TasmaniaHobartTASAustralia
| | - Craig A. Stow
- NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research LaboratoryAnn ArborMichigan
| | - Shana Sundstrom
- School of Natural ResourcesUniversity of NebraskaLincolnNebraska
| | - Craig R. Allen
- U.S. Geological SurveyNebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research UnitUniversity of NebraskaLincolnNebraska
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Chuang WC, Garmestani A, Eason TN, Spanbauer TL, Fried-Petersen HB, Roberts CP, Sundstrom SM, Burnett JL, Angeler DG, Chaffin BC, Gunderson L, Twidwell D, Allen CR. Enhancing quantitative approaches for assessing community resilience. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 213:353-362. [PMID: 29502020 PMCID: PMC6748383 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.01.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Scholars from many different intellectual disciplines have attempted to measure, estimate, or quantify resilience. However, there is growing concern that lack of clarity on the operationalization of the concept will limit its application. In this paper, we discuss the theory, research development and quantitative approaches in ecological and community resilience. Upon noting the lack of methods that quantify the complexities of the linked human and natural aspects of community resilience, we identify several promising approaches within the ecological resilience tradition that may be useful in filling these gaps. Further, we discuss the challenges for consolidating these approaches into a more integrated perspective for managing social-ecological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- W C Chuang
- National Research Council, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 26 W. Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, OH, 45268, USA
| | - A Garmestani
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, 26 W. Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, OH, 45268, USA.
| | - T N Eason
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, 109 T. W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
| | - T L Spanbauer
- National Research Council, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 26 W. Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, OH, 45268, USA
| | - H B Fried-Petersen
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, SE-750 07, Sweden
| | - C P Roberts
- School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 103 Hardin Hall, 3310, Holdrege St., NE, 68583, USA
| | - S M Sundstrom
- School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 103 Hardin Hall, 3310, Holdrege St., NE, 68583, USA
| | - J L Burnett
- School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 103 Hardin Hall, 3310, Holdrege St., NE, 68583, USA
| | - D G Angeler
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, SE-750 07, Sweden
| | - B C Chaffin
- W.A. Franke College of Forestry & Conservation, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
| | - L Gunderson
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Emory University, 201 Dowman Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - D Twidwell
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68503-0984, USA
| | - C R Allen
- U.S. Geological Survey, Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 103 Hardin Hall, 3310 Holdrege St., Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
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15
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Toward a Social-Ecological Theory of Forest Macrosystems for Improved Ecosystem Management. FORESTS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/f9040200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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16
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17
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González-Maya JF, Martínez-Meyer E, Medellín R, Ceballos G. Distribution of mammal functional diversity in the Neotropical realm: Influence of land-use and extinction risk. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175931. [PMID: 28441467 PMCID: PMC5404856 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional diversity represents a measure of diversity that incorporates the role of species in an ecosystem, and therefore its dynamics and resilience. Assessing its drivers and spatial variation represents an important step forward in our understanding of functional ecosystem dynamics and it is also necessary to achieve a comprehensive conservation planning. In this paper, we assessed mammal functional diversity for the 218 ecoregions within the Neotropical realm. We evaluated the overall influence and spatial variation of species richness, ecoregion extent, intervention and species at risk on functional diversity. Using ordinary least squares and geographically weighted regression modeling approaches, we found that intervened areas and threatened and non-threatened species are the most influential overall drivers of functional diversity. However, we also detected that these variables do not operate equally across scales. Our local analyses indicated both that the variation explained and local coefficients vary spatially depending on the ecoregion and major habitat type. As estimates of functional diversity are based on current distribution of all mammals, negative influence of intervened areas and positive influence of non-threatened species may reflect a potential degradation of functional processes for some ecosystems. Most generally, the negative influence of intervention together with the influence of threatened species indicates that some areas are currently more susceptible to functional diversity loss. Our results help to pinpoint key areas requiring urgent conservation action to reduce natural land-cover loss and areas where threatened species play influential roles on ecosystem functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- José F. González-Maya
- Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México DF, Mexico
- Proyecto de Conservación de Aguas y Tierras, ProCAT Colombia, Carrera 13 # 96–82, Of. 205, Bogotá, Colombia
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Rodrigo Medellín
- Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México DF, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Ceballos
- Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México DF, Mexico
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18
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Timpane-Padgham BL, Beechie T, Klinger T. A systematic review of ecological attributes that confer resilience to climate change in environmental restoration. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173812. [PMID: 28301560 PMCID: PMC5354378 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Ecological restoration is widely practiced as a means of rehabilitating ecosystems and habitats that have been degraded or impaired through human use or other causes. Restoration practices now are confronted by climate change, which has the potential to influence long-term restoration outcomes. Concepts and attributes from the resilience literature can help improve restoration and monitoring efforts under changing climate conditions. We systematically examined the published literature on ecological resilience to identify biological, chemical, and physical attributes that confer resilience to climate change. We identified 45 attributes explicitly related to climate change and classified them as individual- (9), population- (6), community- (7), ecosystem- (7), or process-level attributes (16). Individual studies defined resilience as resistance to change or recovery from disturbance, and only a few studies explicitly included both concepts in their definition of resilience. We found that individual and population attributes generally are suited to species- or habitat-specific restoration actions and applicable at the population scale. Community attributes are better suited to habitat-specific restoration at the site scale, or system-wide restoration at the ecosystem scale. Ecosystem and process attributes vary considerably in their type and applicability. We summarize these relationships in a decision support table and provide three example applications to illustrate how these classifications can be used to prioritize climate change resilience attributes for specific restoration actions. We suggest that (1) including resilience as an explicit planning objective could increase the success of restoration projects, (2) considering the ecological context and focal scale of a restoration action is essential in choosing appropriate resilience attributes, and (3) certain ecological attributes, such as diversity and connectivity, are more commonly considered to confer resilience because they apply to a wide variety of species and ecosystems. We propose that identifying sources of ecological resilience is a critical step in restoring ecosystems in a changing climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britta L. Timpane-Padgham
- School for Marine and Environmental Affairs, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Ocean Associates Inc., under contract to Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Services, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Tim Beechie
- Fish Ecology Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Terrie Klinger
- School for Marine and Environmental Affairs, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
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Kimball S, Funk JL, Spasojevic MJ, Suding KN, Parker S, Goulden ML. Can functional traits predict plant community response to global change? Ecosphere 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.1602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Kimball
- Center for Environmental Biology University of California Irvine California 92697 USA
| | - Jennifer L. Funk
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences Chapman University Orange California 92866 USA
| | - Marko J. Spasojevic
- Department of Biology and Tyson Research Center Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis Missouri 63130 USA
| | - Katharine N. Suding
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Colorado Boulder Colorado 80303 USA
| | - Scot Parker
- Department of Earth System Science University of California Irvine California 92697 USA
| | - Michael L. Goulden
- Department of Earth System Science University of California Irvine California 92697 USA
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20
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Resisting Resilience Theory: A Response to Connell and Ghedini. Trends Ecol Evol 2016; 31:412-413. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2016.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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21
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Spasojevic MJ, Bahlai CA, Bradley BA, Butterfield BJ, Tuanmu MN, Sistla S, Wiederholt R, Suding KN. Scaling up the diversity-resilience relationship with trait databases and remote sensing data: the recovery of productivity after wildfire. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2016; 22:1421-1432. [PMID: 26599833 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms underlying ecosystem resilience - why some systems have an irreversible response to disturbances while others recover - is critical for conserving biodiversity and ecosystem function in the face of global change. Despite the widespread acceptance of a positive relationship between biodiversity and resilience, empirical evidence for this relationship remains fairly limited in scope and localized in scale. Assessing resilience at the large landscape and regional scales most relevant to land management and conservation practices has been limited by the ability to measure both diversity and resilience over large spatial scales. Here, we combined tools used in large-scale studies of biodiversity (remote sensing and trait databases) with theoretical advances developed from small-scale experiments to ask whether the functional diversity within a range of woodland and forest ecosystems influences the recovery of productivity after wildfires across the four-corner region of the United States. We additionally asked how environmental variation (topography, macroclimate) across this geographic region influences such resilience, either directly or indirectly via changes in functional diversity. Using path analysis, we found that functional diversity in regeneration traits (fire tolerance, fire resistance, resprout ability) was a stronger predictor of the recovery of productivity after wildfire than the functional diversity of seed mass or species richness. Moreover, slope, elevation, and aspect either directly or indirectly influenced the recovery of productivity, likely via their effect on microclimate, while macroclimate had no direct or indirect effects. Our study provides some of the first direct empirical evidence for functional diversity increasing resilience at large spatial scales. Our approach highlights the power of combining theory based on local-scale studies with tools used in studies at large spatial scales and trait databases to understand pressing environmental issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko J Spasojevic
- Department of Biology and Tyson Research Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Christie A Bahlai
- Department of Entomology and Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48915, USA
| | - Bethany A Bradley
- Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Bradley J Butterfield
- Department of Biological Sciences and Merriam-Powell Center for Environmental Research, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011-5640, USA
| | - Mao-Ning Tuanmu
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Seeta Sistla
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Ruscena Wiederholt
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Katharine N Suding
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy & Management, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
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22
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Angeler DG, Allen CR, Barichievy C, Eason T, Garmestani AS, Graham NAJ, Granholm D, Gunderson LH, Knutson M, Nash KL, Nelson RJ, Nyström M, Spanbauer TL, Stow CA, Sundstrom SM. Management applications of discontinuity theory. J Appl Ecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.12494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David G. Angeler
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Box 7050 SE‐750 07 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Craig R. Allen
- U.S. Geological Survey – Nebraska Cooperative Fish & Wildlife Research Unit University of Nebraska Lincoln NE 68583 USA
| | | | - Tarsha Eason
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency National Risk Management Research Laboratory Cincinnati OH 45268 USA
| | - Ahjond S. Garmestani
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency National Risk Management Research Laboratory Cincinnati OH 45268 USA
| | - Nicholas A. J. Graham
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies James Cook University Townsville Qld 4811 Australia
| | - Dean Granholm
- U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Bloomington MN 55437‐1003 USA
| | - Lance H. Gunderson
- Department of Environmental Sciences Emory University Atlanta GA 30322 USA
| | | | - Kirsty L. Nash
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies James Cook University Townsville Qld 4811 Australia
| | - R. John Nelson
- Department of Biology‐Centre for Biomedical Research University of Victoria Victoria BC V8P 5C2 Canada
- Stantec Consulting Ltd. Saanichton BC V8M 2A5 Canada
| | - Magnus Nyström
- Stockholm Resilience Centre Stockholm University SE‐106 91 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Trisha L. Spanbauer
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences and School of Natural Resources University of Nebraska Lincoln NE 68583 USA
| | - Craig A. Stow
- National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory Ann Arbor MI 48108 USA
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Nash KL, Graham NAJ, Jennings S, Wilson SK, Bellwood DR. Herbivore cross-scale redundancy supports response diversity and promotes coral reef resilience. J Appl Ecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.12430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty L. Nash
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies; James Cook University; Townsville Qld 4811 Australia
| | - Nicholas A. J. Graham
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies; James Cook University; Townsville Qld 4811 Australia
| | - Simon Jennings
- Lowestoft Laboratory; Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS); Lowestoft NR33 0HT UK
- School of Environmental Sciences; University of East Anglia; Norwich NR4 7TJ UK
| | - Shaun K. Wilson
- Department of Environment and Conservation; Marine Science Program; Kensington WA 6151 Australia
- The Oceans Institute; University of Western Australia; Crawley WA 6009 Australia
| | - David R. Bellwood
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies; James Cook University; Townsville Qld 4811 Australia
- School of Marine and Tropical Biology; James Cook University; Townsville Qld 4811 Australia
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24
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Linking degradation status with ecosystem vulnerability to environmental change. Oecologia 2015; 178:899-913. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-015-3281-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Baskett ML, Fabina NS, Gross K. Response diversity can increase ecological resilience to disturbance in coral reefs. Am Nat 2014; 184:E16-31. [PMID: 25058289 DOI: 10.1086/676643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Community-level resilience depends on the interaction between multiple populations that vary in individual responses to disturbance. For example, in tropical reefs, some corals can survive higher stress (resistance) while others exhibit faster recovery (engineering resilience) following disturbances such as thermal stress. While each type will negatively affect the other through competition, each might also benefit the other by reducing the potential for an additional competitor such as macroalgae to invade after a disturbance. To determine how community composition affects ecological resilience, we modeled coral-macroalgae interactions given either a resistant coral, a resilient coral, or both together. Having both coral types (i.e., response diversity) can lead to observable enhanced ecological resilience if (1) the resilient coral is not a superior competitor and (2) disturbance levels are high enough such that the resilient coral would collapse when considered alone. This enhanced resilience occurs through competitor-enabled rescue where each coral increases the potential for the other to recover from disturbance through external recruitment, such that both corals benefit from the presence of each other in terms of total cover and resilience. Therefore, conservation management aimed at protecting resilience under global change requires consideration of both diversity and connectivity between sites experiencing differential disturbance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa L Baskett
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, Davis, California 95616
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27
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Baho DL, Drakare S, Johnson RK, Allen CR, Angeler DG. Similar resilience attributes in lakes with different management practices. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91881. [PMID: 24618720 PMCID: PMC3950282 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Liming has been used extensively in Scandinavia and elsewhere since the 1970s to counteract the negative effects of acidification. Communities in limed lakes usually return to acidified conditions once liming is discontinued, suggesting that liming is unlikely to shift acidified lakes to a state equivalent to pre-acidification conditions that requires no further management intervention. While this suggests a low resilience of limed lakes, attributes that confer resilience have not been assessed, limiting our understanding of the efficiency of costly management programs. In this study, we assessed community metrics (diversity, richness, evenness, biovolume), multivariate community structure and the relative resilience of phytoplankton in limed, acidified and circum-neutral lakes from 1997 to 2009, using multivariate time series modeling. We identified dominant temporal frequencies in the data, allowing us to track community change at distinct temporal scales. We assessed two attributes of relative resilience (cross-scale and within-scale structure) of the phytoplankton communities, based on the fluctuation frequency patterns identified. We also assessed species with stochastic temporal dynamics. Liming increased phytoplankton diversity and richness; however, multivariate community structure differed in limed relative to acidified and circum-neutral lakes. Cross-scale and within-scale attributes of resilience were similar across all lakes studied but the contribution of those species exhibiting stochastic dynamics was higher in the acidified and limed compared to circum-neutral lakes. From a resilience perspective, our results suggest that limed lakes comprise a particular condition of an acidified lake state. This explains why liming does not move acidified lakes out of a “degraded” basin of attraction. In addition, our study demonstrates the potential of time series modeling to assess the efficiency of restoration and management outcomes through quantification of the attributes contributing to resilience in ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didier L. Baho
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Uppsala, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Stina Drakare
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Richard K. Johnson
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Craig R. Allen
- U.S. Geological Survey, Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska – Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - David G. Angeler
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Uppsala, Sweden
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Nash KL, Allen CR, Angeler DG, Barichievy C, Eason T, Garmestani AS, Graham NAJ, Granholm D, Knutson M, Nelson RJ, Nyström M, Stow CA, Sundstrom SM. Discontinuities, cross-scale patterns, and the organization of ecosystems. Ecology 2014; 95:654-67. [DOI: 10.1890/13-1315.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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30
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Angeler DG, Allen CR, Johnson RK. Measuring the relative resilience of subarctic lakes to global change: redundancies of functions within and across temporal scales. J Appl Ecol 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.12092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David G. Angeler
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Uppsala; Sweden
| | - Craig R. Allen
- U.S. Geological Survey; Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; School of Natural Resources; University of Nebraska - Lincoln; Lincoln; NE; 68583-0961; USA
| | - Richard K. Johnson
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Uppsala; Sweden
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