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Christopher A B. Inosine supplements only reach the CNS in molybdenum deficient humans and may cause astrocyte degeneration and bulbar-respiratory disease. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener 2021; 23:154-156. [PMID: 34251948 DOI: 10.1080/21678421.2021.1947322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Astrocyte dysfunction following molybdenum-associated purine loading could initiate Parkinson's disease with dementia. NPJ PARKINSONS DISEASE 2018; 4:7. [PMID: 29581999 PMCID: PMC5861100 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-018-0045-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Sporadic or idiopathic Parkinson’s disease is a movement disorder with a worldwide distribution, a long pre-clinical latent period and a frequent association with dementia. The combination of molybdenum deficiency and purine ingestion could explain the movement disorder, the distribution, the latent period and the dementia association. Recent studies in sheep have shown that molybdenum deficiency enables some dietary purines to accumulate in the central nervous system. This causes astrocyte dysfunction, altered neuromodulation and eventually irreversible central nervous system disease. Humans and sheep share the ability to salvage purines and this ability places humans at risk when they ingest xanthosine, inosine, adenosine and guanosine. Adenosine ingestion in molybdenum-deficient humans will lead to adenosine loading and potentially a disturbance to the A2a adenosine receptors in the nigro-striatum. This could result in Parkinson’s disease. Guanosine ingestion in molybdenum-deficient humans will lead to guanosine loading and potentially a disturbance to the guanosine receptors in the hippocampus, amygdala and ventral striatum. This could result in dementia. The molybdenum content of the average daily diet in the United States is 0.07 ppm and in the United Kingdom 0.04 ppm. Central nervous system disease occurs in sheep at <0.04 ppm. Consistent with the role proposed for molybdenum deficiency in Parkinson’s disease is the observation that affected individuals have elevated sulfur amino acid levels, depressed sulfate levels, and depressed uric acid levels. Likewise the geographical distribution of Parkinson’s dementia complex on Guam corresponds with the distribution of molybdenum-deficient soils hence molybdenum-deficient food gardens on that island.
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Bourke CA. Molybdenum Deficiency Produces Motor Nervous Effects That Are Consistent with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Front Neurol 2016; 7:28. [PMID: 27014182 PMCID: PMC4782119 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2016.00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Bourke
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Orange Agricultural Institute , Orange, NSW , Australia
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Cabral L. In this issue - March 2015. Aust Vet J 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/avj.12299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Bourke CA. Molybdenum deprivation, purine ingestion and an astrocyte-associated motor neurone syndrome in sheep: assumed clinical effects of inosine. Aust Vet J 2015; 93:79-83. [DOI: 10.1111/avj.12286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- CA Bourke
- Orange Agricultural Institute; Orange New South Wales Australia
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Perroud B, Jafar-Nejad P, Wikoff WR, Gatchel JR, Wang L, Barupal DK, Crespo-Barreto J, Fiehn O, Zoghbi HY, Kaddurah-Daouk R. Pharmacometabolomic signature of ataxia SCA1 mouse model and lithium effects. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70610. [PMID: 23936457 PMCID: PMC3732229 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We have shown that lithium treatment improves motor coordination in a spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1) disease mouse model (Sca1(154Q/+)). To learn more about disease pathogenesis and molecular contributions to the neuroprotective effects of lithium, we investigated metabolomic profiles of cerebellar tissue and plasma from SCA1-model treated and untreated mice. Metabolomic analyses of wild-type and Sca1(154Q/+) mice, with and without lithium treatment, were performed using gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry and BinBase mass spectral annotations. We detected 416 metabolites, of which 130 were identified. We observed specific metabolic perturbations in Sca1(154Q/+) mice and major effects of lithium on metabolism, centrally and peripherally. Compared to wild-type, Sca1(154Q/+) cerebella metabolic profile revealed changes in glucose, lipids, and metabolites of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and purines. Fewer metabolic differences were noted in Sca1(154Q/+) mouse plasma versus wild-type. In both genotypes, the major lithium responses in cerebellum involved energy metabolism, purines, unsaturated free fatty acids, and aromatic and sulphur-containing amino acids. The largest metabolic difference with lithium was a 10-fold increase in ascorbate levels in wild-type cerebella (p<0.002), with lower threonate levels, a major ascorbate catabolite. In contrast, Sca1(154Q/+) mice that received lithium showed no elevated cerebellar ascorbate levels. Our data emphasize that lithium regulates a variety of metabolic pathways, including purine, oxidative stress and energy production pathways. The purine metabolite level, reduced in the Sca1(154Q/+) mice and restored upon lithium treatment, might relate to lithium neuroprotective properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertrand Perroud
- UC Davis Genome Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Paymaan Jafar-Nejad
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - William R. Wikoff
- UC Davis Genome Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Jennifer R. Gatchel
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Dinesh K. Barupal
- UC Davis Genome Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Juan Crespo-Barreto
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Oliver Fiehn
- UC Davis Genome Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Huda Y. Zoghbi
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- The Departments of Pediatrics, Neurology, and Neuroscience and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail: (HZ); (RKD)
| | - Rima Kaddurah-Daouk
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail: (HZ); (RKD)
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Jackson AE, Metzl N. In this issue - July 2012. Aust Vet J 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.2012.00960.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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