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Yu H, Ma Q, Sun Y, Jiang S, Hu S, Wang X. Analyzing the effects of physical activity levels on aggressive behavior in college students using a chain-mediated model. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5795. [PMID: 38461174 PMCID: PMC10924895 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55534-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aims to examine the mediating role of self-efficacy (SE) and self-control (SC) in the relationship between physical activity (PA) and aggressive behaviors (AB) among college students. It provides a basis for the prevention and control of AB among college students. This study employed a survey research methodology, including the PA Level Scale, the General Self-efficacy Scale, the Self-control Scale, and the Chinese Aggressive Behaviors Scale on 950 college students. The chain mediating effect test and Bootstrap analysis were applied. The results were as follows: (1) There was a main effect of PA on SE, SC, and AB as well as all sub-indicators (physical aggression, verbal aggression, anger, hostility, self-directed aggression), i.e., PA had a direct effect on the control of all three; (2) PA level was significantly negatively correlated with AB and significantly positively correlated with SE and SC. That is, the higher the level of PA, the better the SE and SC, and the lower the probability of AB; (3) The three pathways had mediating effects: PA → SE → AB, PA → SC → AB, PA → SE → SC → AB, with effect sizes of 8.78%, 28.63%, and 19.08%, respectively. It is concluded that regular PA is a potent method for decreasing aggressive behavior and psychological issues in university students while additionally promoting self-efficacy and self-control. Increasing the intensity of PA may enhance the effectiveness of these chain benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haohan Yu
- College of Physical Education, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China
- College of P.E and Sports, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiaochu Ma
- Department of Sociology, London School of Economics and Political Science, Houghton St, London, WC2A 2AE, UK
| | - Yao Sun
- College of Physical Education, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China
| | - Shan Jiang
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Songhan Hu
- College of P.E and Sports, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Physical Education (Main Campus), Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
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Potegal M. How it ends: A review of behavioral and psychological phenomena, physiological processes and neural circuits in the termination of aggression in other animals and anger in people. Behav Brain Res 2024; 456:114676. [PMID: 37739229 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
More is known about aggression initiation and persistence in other animals, and anger in people, than about their cessation. This review summarizes knowledge of relevant factors in aggression, mostly in vertebrates, and anger termination in people. The latency, probability and intensity of offensive aggression in mice is controlled by activity in a neuronal subpopulation in ventromedial hypothalamus [VMH]. This activity instantiates an aggressive state termed angriffsbereitschaft ["attack-readiness"]. Fighting in many species is broken into bouts with interbout breaks due to fatigue and/or signals from dorsal raphe to VMH. Eventually, losers decide durations and outcomes of fighting by transitioning to submission or flight. Factors reducing angriffsbereitschaft and triggering these defeat behaviors could include metabolic costs, e.g., lactate accumulation and glucose depletion detected by the hypothalamus, central fatigue perhaps sensed by the Salience Network [insula and anterior cingulate gyrus] and pain of injuries, the latter insufficiently blunted by opioid and non-opioid stress analgesia and transduced by anterior VMH neurons. Winners' angriffsbereitschaft continue for awhile, as indicated by post-victory attacks and, perhaps, triumph displays of some species, including humans. In longer term situations, sensory and/or response habituation of aggression may explain the "Dear enemy" tolerance of competitive neighbors. Prolonged satiation of predatory behavior could involve habenula-regulated reduction of dopaminergic reward in nucleus accumbens. Termination of human anger involves at least three processes, metaphorically termed decay, quenching and catharsis. Hypothesized neural mechanisms include anger diminution by negative feedback from accumbens to anterior cingulate and/or activity in the Salience Network that controls anger's "accumulation/offset" phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Potegal
- University of Minnesota, United States.
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Jiang H, Liang H, Zhou H, Zhang B. Relationships Among Normative Beliefs About Aggression, Moral Disengagement, Self-Control and Bullying in Adolescents: A Moderated Mediation Model. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2022; 15:183-192. [PMID: 35115850 PMCID: PMC8800860 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s346658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Adolescent bullying has varying degrees of negative impact on both bullies and victims. Bullying in adolescents is complex, and the influence of individual factors and social factors should not be underestimated. Normative beliefs about aggression play an important role in adolescents’ bullying. However, the mediating and moderating mechanisms underlying this association remain largely unknown. The current study investigated the mediating role of moral disengagement between normative beliefs about aggression and bullying, as well as the moderating role of self-control in this relationship from the perspective of individual cognition. Methods A sample of 491 Chinese adolescents (female = 38.9%; mean age = 13.05 years) were study participants. They completed questionnaires about normative beliefs about aggression, bullying, moral disengagement and self-control. SPSS21.0 statistical software was used to collate the obtained data, analyze descriptive statistics, and carry out reliability analysis and correlation analysis. Results Moral disengagement mediated the relationship between normative beliefs about aggression and bullying (ab=0.13, 95% CI=[0.07, 0.21]). The association between normative beliefs about aggression and moral disengagement was moderated by self-control (β=−0.08, t=−2.25, p<0.05). The association between moral disengagement and bullying was moderated by self-control (β=−0.09, t=−2.42, p<0.05). Conclusion Results revealed that moral disengagement mediates the link between normative beliefs about aggression and bullying. Self-control moderated the relationship between normative beliefs about aggression and moral disengagement, and between moral disengagement and bullying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaibin Jiang
- Department of Education, Fujian Normal University of Technology, Fuqing, Fujian, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hanyu Liang
- Department of Education, Fujian Normal University of Technology, Fuqing, Fujian, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huiling Zhou
- Department of Education, Fujian Normal University of Technology, Fuqing, Fujian, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Applied Psychology, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Bin Zhang, Email
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Vaghef K, Converse PD, Merlini KP, Moon NA. Ya gotta wanna: Shifting motivational priorities in the self‐control process. JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jts5.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keemia Vaghef
- School of Psychology Florida Institute of Technology Melbourne Florida USA
| | | | - Katrina P. Merlini
- School of Psychology Florida Institute of Technology Melbourne Florida USA
| | - Nicholas A. Moon
- School of Psychology Florida Institute of Technology Melbourne Florida USA
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Osgood JM, Yates HK, Adler AB, Dyches KD, Quartana PJ. Tired and angry: Sleep, mental health, and workplace relational aggression. MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/08995605.2021.1897490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey M. Osgood
- Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Hunter K. Yates
- Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Amy B. Adler
- Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Karmon D. Dyches
- Military Operational Medicine Research Program, U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Phillip J. Quartana
- Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland
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Testa M, Wang W, Derrick JL, Crane C, Leonard KE, Collins RL, Hanny C, Muraven M. Does state self-control depletion predict relationship functioning and partner aggression? An ecological momentary assessment study of community couples. Aggress Behav 2020; 46:547-558. [PMID: 32654252 DOI: 10.1002/ab.21915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Intimate relationship functioning depends upon the ability to accommodate one's partner and to inhibit retaliatory and aggressive impulses when disagreements arise. However, accommodation and inhibition may be difficult when self-control strength is weak or depleted by prior exertion of self-control. The present study considered whether state self-control depletion prospectively predicts male and female self-reports of anger with partner and arguing with partner. Consistent with the I3 Model (Finkel, 2014, Adv Exp Soc Psychol, 49, 1-104), we also considered whether the association between elevated anger and arguing (i.e., instigation) and partner aggression was stronger when state self-control (i.e., inhibition) was depleted or among people high in negative urgency. In this ecological momentary assessment (EMA) study, heavy drinking married and cohabiting heterosexual couples (N = 191) responded to three randomly signaled reports each day for 30 days. Depletion predicted anger and arguing with partners both cross-sectionally and prospectively for men and women. However, after controlling for prior levels of anger and arguing, these effects were diminished, and supplemental analyses revealed that anger and arguing with partner predicted subsequent depletion. Anger and arguing were strongly associated with concurrent reports of partner aggression perpetration and victimization (verbal and/or physical). However, neither state self-control depletion nor negative urgency moderated these effects. Overall, results suggest a modest impact of depletion on daily couple functioning as well as a potential cyclical effect of arguing on depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Testa
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo State University of New York Buffalo New York
| | - Weijun Wang
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo State University of New York Buffalo New York
| | - Jaye L. Derrick
- Department of Psychology University of Houston Houston Texas
| | - Cory Crane
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Rochester Institute of Technology Rochester New York
| | - Kenneth E. Leonard
- Clinical and Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo State University of New York Buffalo New York
| | - R. Lorraine Collins
- Department of Community Health and Health Behaviorm University at Buffalo State University of New York Buffalo New York
| | - Courtney Hanny
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo State University of New York Buffalo New York
| | - Mark Muraven
- Department of Psychology, University at Albany State University of New York Albany New York
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Online Intervention Reduces Hostile Attribution Bias, Anger, Aggressive Driving, and Cyber-Aggression, Results of Two Randomized Trials. COGNITIVE THERAPY AND RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10608-020-10147-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Chen X, Zhang G, Yin X, Li Y, Cao G, Gutiérrez-García C, Guo L. The Relationship Between Self-Efficacy and Aggressive Behavior in Boxers: The Mediating Role of Self-Control. Front Psychol 2019; 10:212. [PMID: 30837910 PMCID: PMC6389640 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggressive behavior has been one of the core issues in sports psychology, whereas boxers' aggressive behavior has received limited attention. Although some literature reported that self-efficacy is related to aggressive behavior, the mechanism whereby self-efficacy affects aggressive behavior remains unclear. The present study investigated the relationship between self-efficacy and aggressive behavior, as well as the effect of self-control as a mediating factor. This study uses the Self-efficacy Scale for Athletes, the Self-control Questionnaire for Athletes, and the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire. This relationship is explored through self-reported measures from N = 414 Chinese professional boxers, n = 243 were male and n = 171 were female, the average age was M = 17.72 years (SD = 3.147), the participants, the average number of years of exercise was M = 3.89 years (SD = 2.734); Results showed that male boxers reported greater aggression than female boxers; It was found that the self-efficacy and self-control improved as age of the participants increased; The higher the level of competition, the higher levels of self-efficacy and self-control; Self-efficacy was negatively related with aggressive behavior and positively correlated with self-control. Self-control was also negatively correlated with aggressive behavior among boxers. Self-control had a full mediating effect on the relationship between self-efficacy and aggressive behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- College of Physical Education, Institute of Sports Science, and Key Lab of Physical Fitness Evaluation and Motor Function Monitoring of General Administration of Sports of China, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guodong Zhang
- College of Physical Education, Institute of Sports Science, and Key Lab of Physical Fitness Evaluation and Motor Function Monitoring of General Administration of Sports of China, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xueqin Yin
- Center for Mental Health Education, School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yun Li
- College of Physical Education, Institute of Sports Science, and Key Lab of Physical Fitness Evaluation and Motor Function Monitoring of General Administration of Sports of China, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guikang Cao
- Center for Mental Health Education, School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | | | - Liya Guo
- College of Physical Education, Institute of Sports Science, and Key Lab of Physical Fitness Evaluation and Motor Function Monitoring of General Administration of Sports of China, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Burkley E, Burkley M, Curtis J, Hatvany T. Lead us not into temptation: The seven deadly sins as a taxonomy of temptations. SOCIAL AND PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY COMPASS 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/spc3.12416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Osgood JM. Can Ego-Depletion Be Helpful? Testing the Process Model Implication That Ego-Depletion Reduces Irrational Persistence. BASIC AND APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/01973533.2018.1449748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Osgood JM. Is revenge about retributive justice, deterring harm, or both? SOCIAL AND PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY COMPASS 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/spc3.12296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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