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Chung MK, Patton KK, Lau C, Dal Forno ARJ, Al‐Khatib SM, Arora V, Birgersdotter‐Green UM, Cha Y, Chung EH, Cronin EM, Curtis AB, Cygankiewicz I, Dandamudi G, Dubin AM, Ensch DP, Glotzer TV, Gold MR, Goldberger ZD, Gopinathannair R, Gorodeski EZ, Gutierrez A, Guzman JC, Huang W, Imrey PB, Indik JH, Karim S, Karpawich PP, Khaykin Y, Kiehl EL, Kron J, Kutyifa V, Link MS, Marine JE, Mullens W, Park S, Parkash R, Patete MF, Pathak RK, Perona CA, Rickard J, Schoenfeld MH, Seow S, Shen W, Shoda M, Singh JP, Slotwiner DJ, Sridhar ARM, Srivatsa UN, Stecker EC, Tanawuttiwat T, Tang WHW, Tapias CA, Tracy CM, Upadhyay GA, Varma N, Vernooy K, Vijayaraman P, Worsnick SA, Zareba W, Zeitler EP, Lopez‐Cabanillas N, Ellenbogen KA, Hua W, Ikeda T, Mackall JA, Mason PK, McLeod CJ, Mela T, Moore JP, Racenet LK. 2023 HRS/APHRS/LAHRS guideline on cardiac physiologic pacing for the avoidance and mitigation of heart failure. J Arrhythm 2023; 39:681-756. [PMID: 37799799 PMCID: PMC10549836 DOI: 10.1002/joa3.12872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac physiologic pacing (CPP), encompassing cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) and conduction system pacing (CSP), has emerged as a pacing therapy strategy that may mitigate or prevent the development of heart failure (HF) in patients with ventricular dyssynchrony or pacing-induced cardiomyopathy. This clinical practice guideline is intended to provide guidance on indications for CRT for HF therapy and CPP in patients with pacemaker indications or HF, patient selection, pre-procedure evaluation and preparation, implant procedure management, follow-up evaluation and optimization of CPP response, and use in pediatric populations. Gaps in knowledge, pointing to new directions for future research, are also identified.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Anne M. Dubin
- Stanford University, Pediatric CardiologyPalo AltoCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - Taya V. Glotzer
- Hackensack Meridian School of MedicineHackensackNew JerseyUSA
| | - Michael R. Gold
- Medical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA
| | | | | | - Eiran Z. Gorodeski
- University Hospitals and Case Western Reserve University School of MedicineClevelandOhioUSA
| | | | | | - Weijian Huang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Peter B. Imrey
- Cleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA
- Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Julia H. Indik
- University of Arizona, Sarver Heart CenterTucsonArizonaUSA
| | - Saima Karim
- MetroHealth Medical CenterCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Peter P. Karpawich
- The Children's Hospital of MichiganCentral Michigan UniversityDetroitMichiganUSA
| | | | | | - Jordana Kron
- Virginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginiaUSA
| | | | - Mark S. Link
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTexasUSA
| | | | - Wilfried Mullens
- Ziekenhuis Oost‐Limburg GenkBelgium and Hasselt UniversityHasseltBelgium
| | - Seung‐Jung Park
- Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical CenterSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | | | | | - Rajeev Kumar Pathak
- Australian National University, Canberra HospitalGarranAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jagmeet P. Singh
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kevin Vernooy
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical CenterMaastrichtThe Netherlands
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2
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Marini M, Pannone L, Branzoli S, Quintarelli S, Coser A, Guarracini F, Bonmassari R, La Meir M, de Asmundis C. Video-assisted thoracoscopic epicardial pacing: A contemporary overview. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2023; 46:1215-1221. [PMID: 37676730 DOI: 10.1111/pace.14815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) has revolutionized the approach and management of pulmonary and cardiac diseases, and its applications have significantly expanded in the last two decades. Beyond its established role in thoracic procedures, VATS has also emerged as a valuable technique for various electrophysiological procedures, including pacemaker implantations, ablation procedures, and left atrial appendage exclusion. This paper presents a thorough review of the existing literature on pacing procedures performed using a VATS approach. By analyzing and synthesizing the available studies, we aim to provide an in-depth understanding of the current knowledge and advancements in VATS-based pacing procedures. A key focus of this review is the detailed description of implantation techniques via a VATS approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Marini
- Department of Cardiology, S. Chiara Hospital, Trento, Italy
- Heart Rhythm Management Centre, Postgraduate program in Cardiac Electrophysiology and Pacing, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Luigi Pannone
- Heart Rhythm Management Centre, Postgraduate program in Cardiac Electrophysiology and Pacing, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Stefano Branzoli
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, S. Chiara Hospital, Trento, Italy
- Cardiac Surgery Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Alessio Coser
- Department of Cardiology, S. Chiara Hospital, Trento, Italy
| | | | | | - Mark La Meir
- Cardiac Surgery Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Carlo de Asmundis
- Heart Rhythm Management Centre, Postgraduate program in Cardiac Electrophysiology and Pacing, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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3
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Chung MK, Patton KK, Lau CP, Dal Forno ARJ, Al-Khatib SM, Arora V, Birgersdotter-Green UM, Cha YM, Chung EH, Cronin EM, Curtis AB, Cygankiewicz I, Dandamudi G, Dubin AM, Ensch DP, Glotzer TV, Gold MR, Goldberger ZD, Gopinathannair R, Gorodeski EZ, Gutierrez A, Guzman JC, Huang W, Imrey PB, Indik JH, Karim S, Karpawich PP, Khaykin Y, Kiehl EL, Kron J, Kutyifa V, Link MS, Marine JE, Mullens W, Park SJ, Parkash R, Patete MF, Pathak RK, Perona CA, Rickard J, Schoenfeld MH, Seow SC, Shen WK, Shoda M, Singh JP, Slotwiner DJ, Sridhar ARM, Srivatsa UN, Stecker EC, Tanawuttiwat T, Tang WHW, Tapias CA, Tracy CM, Upadhyay GA, Varma N, Vernooy K, Vijayaraman P, Worsnick SA, Zareba W, Zeitler EP. 2023 HRS/APHRS/LAHRS guideline on cardiac physiologic pacing for the avoidance and mitigation of heart failure. Heart Rhythm 2023; 20:e17-e91. [PMID: 37283271 PMCID: PMC11062890 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2023.03.1538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 131.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac physiologic pacing (CPP), encompassing cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) and conduction system pacing (CSP), has emerged as a pacing therapy strategy that may mitigate or prevent the development of heart failure (HF) in patients with ventricular dyssynchrony or pacing-induced cardiomyopathy. This clinical practice guideline is intended to provide guidance on indications for CRT for HF therapy and CPP in patients with pacemaker indications or HF, patient selection, pre-procedure evaluation and preparation, implant procedure management, follow-up evaluation and optimization of CPP response, and use in pediatric populations. Gaps in knowledge, pointing to new directions for future research, are also identified.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Eugene H Chung
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | | | | | | | - Anne M Dubin
- Stanford University, Pediatric Cardiology, Palo Alto, California
| | | | - Taya V Glotzer
- Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Hackensack, New Jersey
| | - Michael R Gold
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Zachary D Goldberger
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | | | - Eiran Z Gorodeski
- University Hospitals and Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | | | - Weijian Huang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Peter B Imrey
- Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Julia H Indik
- University of Arizona, Sarver Heart Center, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Saima Karim
- MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Peter P Karpawich
- The Children's Hospital of Michigan, Central Michigan University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Yaariv Khaykin
- Southlake Regional Health Center, Newmarket, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Jordana Kron
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | | | - Mark S Link
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Joseph E Marine
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Wilfried Mullens
- Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg Genk, Belgium and Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Seung-Jung Park
- Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ratika Parkash
- QEII Health Sciences Center, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | | | - Rajeev Kumar Pathak
- Australian National University, Canberra Hospital, Garran, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Morio Shoda
- Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jagmeet P Singh
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David J Slotwiner
- Weill Cornell Medicine Population Health Sciences, New York, New York
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Cynthia M Tracy
- George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | | | | | - Kevin Vernooy
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Gu K, Cai C, Ni B, Gu W, Liu H, Wang Z, Yang B, Zhang F, Ju W, Chen H, Yang G, Li M, Shi J, Shao Y, Cha YM, Chen M. Strategy for Failed Transvenous Left-Ventricular Lead Placement in Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy: Surrender or Struggle? Cardiology 2021; 147:47-56. [PMID: 34844237 DOI: 10.1159/000519904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION For those cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) candidates who experience left-ventricular (LV) lead placement failure or underwent concomitant cardiac surgeries, surgical placement of epicardial LV lead guided by electroanatomic mapping may be a promising alternative. METHODS Electroanatomic mapping was used to guide positioning of the LV lead through a surgical approach. The LV lead was placed at the region with the latest local LV activation and normal voltage, away from the scar. RESULTS From April 2010 to September 2018, 10 consecutive patients (3 female) underwent surgical epicardial LV lead implantation. Among them, 3 had other surgical indications simultaneously (including 1 CRT non-responder), and 7 had failed transvenous LV lead placement. After CRT, the QRS duration was shortened from 149.3 ± 20.4 ms to 125.1 ± 15.2 ms (p = 0.01). At 6 months, the LV ejection fraction was significantly improved and remained stable in the follow-up (FU) period thereafter (baseline vs. 6 months, 31.0 ± 8.3% vs. 42.2 ± 13.4%, p = 0.006). Other parameters, including the threshold and impedance of the LV lead, were also stable at a mean FU of 755 ± 406 days, and the NYHA functional classification decreased from 2.9 ± 0.7 to 1.8 ± 0.8 (p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS Placement of an epicardial LV lead guided by electroanatomic mapping could be used as an adjunctive strategy in patients who were unable or refractory to conventional CRT therapy. This approach could also be applied in patients who had other surgical indications at the same time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Gu
- Division of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Cheng Cai
- Division of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Buqing Ni
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weidong Gu
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hailei Liu
- Division of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zidun Wang
- Division of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bing Yang
- Division of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fengxiang Zhang
- Division of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weizhu Ju
- Division of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongwu Chen
- Division of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Gang Yang
- Division of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingfang Li
- Division of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiaojiao Shi
- Division of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongfeng Shao
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong-Mei Cha
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Minglong Chen
- Division of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Marini M, Branzoli S, Moggio P, Martin M, Belotti G, Molon G, Guarracini F, Coser A, Quintarelli S, Pederzolli C, Graffigna A, Penzo D, Valsecchi S, Bottoli MC, Pepi P, Bonmassari R, Droghetti A. Epicardial left ventricular lead implantation in cardiac resynchronization therapy patients via a video-assisted thoracoscopic technique: Long-term outcome. Clin Cardiol 2019; 43:284-290. [PMID: 31837030 PMCID: PMC7068064 DOI: 10.1002/clc.23300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epicardial placement of the left ventricular (LV) lead via a video-assisted thoracoscopic (VAT) approach is an alternative to the standard transvenous technique. HYPOTHESIS Long-term safety and efficacy of VAT and transvenous LV lead implantation are comparable. To test it, we reviewed our experience and we compared the outcomes of patients who underwent implantation with the two techniques. METHODS The VAT procedure is performed under general anesthesia, with oro-tracheal intubation and right-sided ventilation, and requires two 5 mm and one 15 mm thoracoscopic ports. After pericardiotomy at the spot of the epicardial target area, pacing measurements are taken and a spiral screw electrode is anchored at the final pacing site. The electrode is then tunneled to the pectoral pocket and connected to the device. RESULTS 105 patients were referred to our center for epicardial LV lead implantation. After pre-operative assessment, 5 patients were excluded because of concomitant conditions precluding surgery. The remaining 100 underwent the procedure. LV lead implantation was successful in all patients (median pacing threshold 0.8 ± 0.5 V, no phrenic nerve stimulation) and cardiac resynchronization therapy was established in all but one patient. The median procedure time was 75 min. During a median follow-up of 24 months, there were no differences in terms of death, cardiovascular hospitalizations or device-related complications vs the group of 100 patients who had undergone transvenous implantation. Patients of both groups displayed similar improvements in terms of ventricular reverse remodeling and functional status. CONCLUSIONS Our VAT approach proved safe and effective, and is a viable alternative in the case of failed transvenous LV implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefano Branzoli
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, S. Chiara Hospital, Trento, Italy
| | - Paolo Moggio
- Department of Cardiology, S. Chiara Hospital, Trento, Italy
| | - Marta Martin
- Department of Cardiology, S. Chiara Hospital, Trento, Italy
| | | | - Giulio Molon
- Department of Cardiology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Alessio Coser
- Department of Cardiology, S. Chiara Hospital, Trento, Italy
| | | | - Carlo Pederzolli
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, S. Chiara Hospital, Trento, Italy
| | - Angelo Graffigna
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, S. Chiara Hospital, Trento, Italy
| | - Daniele Penzo
- Department of Anesthesiology, S. Chiara Hospital, Trento, Italy
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Wey HE, Chua K, Balkhy H, Tung R, Broman M. Physiological optimization of robotic endoscopic epicardial CRT‐D implantation using multielectrode electroanatomic mapping. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2019; 30:2564-2568. [DOI: 10.1111/jce.14126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah E. Wey
- Department of Medicine University of Chicago Chicago Illinois
| | - Kelvin Chua
- Department of Cardiology National Heart Centre Singapore Singapore Singapore
| | - Husam Balkhy
- Department of Surgery University of Chicago Chicago Illinois
| | - Roderick Tung
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine University of Chicago Chicago Illinois
| | - Michael Broman
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine University of Chicago Chicago Illinois
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7
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Rials SJ, Pershing M, Collins C. Guidewire Method for Measuring Local Left Ventricular Electrical Activation Time During Cardiac Resynchronization Implantation. J Innov Card Rhythm Manag 2018; 9:2989-2995. [PMID: 32477783 PMCID: PMC7252739 DOI: 10.19102/icrm.2018.090102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The timing of local activation at left ventricular (LV) pacing leads is measured from the onset of the QRS complex to the peak of the LV electrogram (QLV). Pacing from the sites of late activation is associated with higher response rates to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). Prior studies have measured QLV from permanent pacing leads, or have used electroanatomic mapping systems. The current study compares QLV measurements made with a guidewire to those collected from permanent LV pacing leads positioned at the same venous site without the use of electroanatomic mapping systems. In this study, 20 patients undergoing CRT implantation (14 males, mean QRS: 164.0 ms) had QLV measurements taken using a guidewire. QLV and LV electrogram duration measurements were made at LV pacing sites, and were repeated after positioning the permanent LV pacing lead at the same site. There was no difference in QLV measurements obtained using a guidewire and those obtained using the permanent pacing lead placed at the same site (p = 0.569). QLV measurements obtained with a guidewire and the permanent LV pacing lead at the same site, respectively, were strongly correlated (r = 0.965; p < 0.001). The median absolute difference in electrogram duration was 7.0 ms (p = 0.55). The average time required to make QLV measurements using the guidewire was 11.7 minutes [standard deviation (SD): 6.8]. The average total fluoroscopy time for the entire CRT implant procedure was 10.9 minutes (SD: 5.1). In light of these results, it can be suggested that a guidewire can be used to prospectively measure LV prior to selection or placement of a permanent pacing lead without the use of an electroanatomic mapping system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth J Rials
- OhioHealth Heart and Vascular Physicians, Division of Cardiology, Grant Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
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8
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Abstract
Robot-assisted left ventricular lead implantation for cardiac resynchronization therapy is a feasible and safe technique with superior visualization, dexterity, and precision to target the optimal pacing site. The technique has been associated with clinical response and beneficial reverse remodeling comparable with the conventional approach via the coronary sinus. The lack of clinical superiority and a residual high nonresponder rate suggest that the appropriate clinical role for the technique remains as rescue therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Advay G Bhatt
- Arrhythmia Institute, The Valley Health System, 223 North Van Dien Avenue, Ridgewood, NJ 07450, USA
| | - Jonathan S Steinberg
- Arrhythmia Institute, The Valley Health System, 223 North Van Dien Avenue, Ridgewood, NJ 07450, USA; University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA.
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9
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Abstract
Robot-assisted left ventricular lead implantation for cardiac resynchronization therapy is a feasible and safe technique with superior visualization, dexterity, and precision to target the optimal pacing site. The technique has been associated with clinical response and beneficial reverse remodeling comparable with the conventional approach via the coronary sinus. The lack of clinical superiority and a residual high nonresponder rate suggest that the appropriate clinical role for the technique remains as rescue therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Advay G Bhatt
- Arrhythmia Institute, The Valley Health System, 223 North Van Dien Avenue, Ridgewood, NJ 07450, USA
| | - Jonathan S Steinberg
- Arrhythmia Institute, The Valley Health System, 223 North Van Dien Avenue, Ridgewood, NJ 07450, USA; University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA.
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10
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Roubicek T, Wichterle D, Kucera P, Nedbal P, Kupec J, Sedlakova J, Cerny J, Stros J, Kautzner J, Polasek R. Left Ventricular Lead Electrical Delay Is a Predictor of Mortality in Patients With Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2015; 8:1113-21. [DOI: 10.1161/circep.115.003004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Roubicek
- From the Department of Cardiology, Regional Hospital Liberec, Liberec, Czech Republic (T.R., P.K., P.N., J. Kupec, J. Sedlakova, J.C., J. Stros, R.P.); Department of Cardiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic (D.W., J. Kautzner); and Institute of Health Studies, Technical University of Liberec, Liberec, Czech Republic (D.W., J. Kautzner, R.P.)
| | - Dan Wichterle
- From the Department of Cardiology, Regional Hospital Liberec, Liberec, Czech Republic (T.R., P.K., P.N., J. Kupec, J. Sedlakova, J.C., J. Stros, R.P.); Department of Cardiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic (D.W., J. Kautzner); and Institute of Health Studies, Technical University of Liberec, Liberec, Czech Republic (D.W., J. Kautzner, R.P.)
| | - Pavel Kucera
- From the Department of Cardiology, Regional Hospital Liberec, Liberec, Czech Republic (T.R., P.K., P.N., J. Kupec, J. Sedlakova, J.C., J. Stros, R.P.); Department of Cardiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic (D.W., J. Kautzner); and Institute of Health Studies, Technical University of Liberec, Liberec, Czech Republic (D.W., J. Kautzner, R.P.)
| | - Pavel Nedbal
- From the Department of Cardiology, Regional Hospital Liberec, Liberec, Czech Republic (T.R., P.K., P.N., J. Kupec, J. Sedlakova, J.C., J. Stros, R.P.); Department of Cardiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic (D.W., J. Kautzner); and Institute of Health Studies, Technical University of Liberec, Liberec, Czech Republic (D.W., J. Kautzner, R.P.)
| | - Jindrich Kupec
- From the Department of Cardiology, Regional Hospital Liberec, Liberec, Czech Republic (T.R., P.K., P.N., J. Kupec, J. Sedlakova, J.C., J. Stros, R.P.); Department of Cardiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic (D.W., J. Kautzner); and Institute of Health Studies, Technical University of Liberec, Liberec, Czech Republic (D.W., J. Kautzner, R.P.)
| | - Jana Sedlakova
- From the Department of Cardiology, Regional Hospital Liberec, Liberec, Czech Republic (T.R., P.K., P.N., J. Kupec, J. Sedlakova, J.C., J. Stros, R.P.); Department of Cardiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic (D.W., J. Kautzner); and Institute of Health Studies, Technical University of Liberec, Liberec, Czech Republic (D.W., J. Kautzner, R.P.)
| | - Jan Cerny
- From the Department of Cardiology, Regional Hospital Liberec, Liberec, Czech Republic (T.R., P.K., P.N., J. Kupec, J. Sedlakova, J.C., J. Stros, R.P.); Department of Cardiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic (D.W., J. Kautzner); and Institute of Health Studies, Technical University of Liberec, Liberec, Czech Republic (D.W., J. Kautzner, R.P.)
| | - Jan Stros
- From the Department of Cardiology, Regional Hospital Liberec, Liberec, Czech Republic (T.R., P.K., P.N., J. Kupec, J. Sedlakova, J.C., J. Stros, R.P.); Department of Cardiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic (D.W., J. Kautzner); and Institute of Health Studies, Technical University of Liberec, Liberec, Czech Republic (D.W., J. Kautzner, R.P.)
| | - Josef Kautzner
- From the Department of Cardiology, Regional Hospital Liberec, Liberec, Czech Republic (T.R., P.K., P.N., J. Kupec, J. Sedlakova, J.C., J. Stros, R.P.); Department of Cardiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic (D.W., J. Kautzner); and Institute of Health Studies, Technical University of Liberec, Liberec, Czech Republic (D.W., J. Kautzner, R.P.)
| | - Rostislav Polasek
- From the Department of Cardiology, Regional Hospital Liberec, Liberec, Czech Republic (T.R., P.K., P.N., J. Kupec, J. Sedlakova, J.C., J. Stros, R.P.); Department of Cardiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic (D.W., J. Kautzner); and Institute of Health Studies, Technical University of Liberec, Liberec, Czech Republic (D.W., J. Kautzner, R.P.)
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