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Zhang S, Wang T, Feng Y, Li F, Qu A, Guan X, Wang H, Xu D. Pregnenolone 16α-carbonitrile negatively regulates hippocampal cytochrome P450 enzymes and ameliorates phenytoin-induced hippocampal neurotoxicity. J Pharm Anal 2023; 13:1510-1525. [PMID: 38223454 PMCID: PMC10785155 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2023.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The central nervous system is susceptible to the modulation of various neurophysiological processes by the cytochrome P450 enzyme (CYP), which plays a crucial role in the metabolism of neurosteroids. The antiepileptic drug phenytoin (PHT) has been observed to induce neuronal side effects in patients, which could be attributed to its induction of CYP expression and testosterone (TES) metabolism in the hippocampus. While pregnane X receptor (PXR) is widely known for its regulatory function of CYPs in the liver, we have discovered that the treatment of mice with pregnenolone 16α-carbonitrile (PCN), a PXR agonist, has differential effects on CYP expression in the liver and hippocampus. Specifically, the PCN treatment resulted in the induction of cytochrome P450, family 3, subfamily a, polypeptide 11 (CYP3A11), and CYP2B10 expression in the liver, while suppressing their expression in the hippocampus. Functionally, the PCN treatment protected mice from PHT-induced hippocampal nerve injury, which was accompanied by the inhibition of TES metabolism in the hippocampus. Mechanistically, we found that the inhibition of hippocampal CYP expression and attenuation of PHT-induced neurotoxicity by PCN were glucocorticoid receptor dependent, rather than PXR independent, as demonstrated by genetic and pharmacological models. In conclusion, our study provides evidence that PCN can negatively regulate hippocampal CYP expression and attenuate PHT-induced hippocampal neurotoxicity independently of PXR. Our findings suggest that glucocorticoids may be a potential therapeutic strategy for managing the neuronal side effects of PHT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhang
- Department of Obstetric, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Department of Obstetric, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Ye Feng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Fei Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Aijuan Qu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
- Key Laboratory of Remodeling-related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Xiuchen Guan
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Dan Xu
- Department of Obstetric, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
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2
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Pes K, Ortiz-Delgado JB, Sarasquete C, Laizé V, Fernández I. Short-term exposure to pharmaceuticals negatively impacts marine flatfish species: Histological, biochemical and molecular clues for an integrated ecosystem risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 90:103822. [PMID: 35101594 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.103822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The marine habitat and its biodiversity can be impacted by released pharmaceuticals. The short-term (7 days) effect of 3 commonly used drugs - warfarin, dexamethasone and imidazole - on Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) juveniles was investigated. Occurrence of hemorrhages, histopathological alterations, antioxidant status, activity of antioxidant enzymes and expression of genes involved in the xenobiotic response (pxr, abcb1 and cyp1a), were evaluated. The results showed a time and drug-dependent effect. Warfarin exposure induced hemorrhages, hepatocyte vacuolar degeneration, and altered the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and the expression of all the studied genes. Dexamethasone exposure increased liver glycogen content, altered antioxidant status, GPx and superoxide dismutase activities, as well as abcb1 and cyp1a expression. Imidazole induced hepatocyte vacuolar degeneration and ballooning, and altered the antioxidant status and expression of the tested genes. The present work anticipates a deeper impact of pharmaceuticals on the aquatic environment than previously reported, thus underlining the urgent need for an integrated risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Pes
- Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Juan B Ortiz-Delgado
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía-ICMAN/CSIC, Campus Universitario Río San Pedro, Apdo. Oficial, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Carmen Sarasquete
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía-ICMAN/CSIC, Campus Universitario Río San Pedro, Apdo. Oficial, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Vincent Laizé
- Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; S2 AQUA - Sustainable and Smart Aquaculture Collaborative Laboratory, Olhão, Portugal
| | - Ignacio Fernández
- Aquaculture Research Center, Agro-Technological Institute of Castilla y León (ITACyL), Ctra. Arévalo, s/n, 40196 Zamarramala, Segovia, Spain; Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO-CSIC), 36390 Vigo, Spain.
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3
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Szpirer C. Rat models of human diseases and related phenotypes: a systematic inventory of the causative genes. J Biomed Sci 2020; 27:84. [PMID: 32741357 PMCID: PMC7395987 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-020-00673-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The laboratory rat has been used for a long time as the model of choice in several biomedical disciplines. Numerous inbred strains have been isolated, displaying a wide range of phenotypes and providing many models of human traits and diseases. Rat genome mapping and genomics was considerably developed in the last decades. The availability of these resources has stimulated numerous studies aimed at discovering causal disease genes by positional identification. Numerous rat genes have now been identified that underlie monogenic or complex diseases and remarkably, these results have been translated to the human in a significant proportion of cases, leading to the identification of novel human disease susceptibility genes, helping in studying the mechanisms underlying the pathological abnormalities and also suggesting new therapeutic approaches. In addition, reverse genetic tools have been developed. Several genome-editing methods were introduced to generate targeted mutations in genes the function of which could be clarified in this manner [generally these are knockout mutations]. Furthermore, even when the human gene causing a disease had been identified without resorting to a rat model, mutated rat strains (in particular KO strains) were created to analyze the gene function and the disease pathogenesis. Today, over 350 rat genes have been identified as underlying diseases or playing a key role in critical biological processes that are altered in diseases, thereby providing a rich resource of disease models. This article is an update of the progress made in this research and provides the reader with an inventory of these disease genes, a significant number of which have similar effects in rat and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claude Szpirer
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, B-6041, Gosselies, Belgium.
- , Waterloo, Belgium.
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4
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Fang M, Zhang Q, Yu P, Ge C, Guo J, Zhang Y, Wang H. The effects, underlying mechanism and interactions of dexamethasone exposure during pregnancy on maternal bile acid metabolism. Toxicol Lett 2020; 332:97-106. [PMID: 32599024 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
As important members in steroids related signal pathways, bile acids are very important in regulating substance metabolism and immune homeostasis. However, bile acids are highly cytotoxic, and the excessive accumulation can induce several abnormalities such as cholestatic liver injury. It is known that the bile acid metabolism alters during pregnancy and mostly will not result in pathologies. However, the effect of dexamethasone exposure during pregnancy on bile acid metabolism is still unknown. In this study, pregnant Wistar rats were subcutaneously administered dexamethasone (0.2 mg/kg.d) or saline from gestation day 9-21, while virgin rats were given the same treatment for 13 days. We found that, physiological pregnancy or dexamethasone exposure during non-pregnancy did not affect maternal serum TBA level and liver function. Nevertheless, dexamethasone exposure during pregnancy increased serum TBA level and accompanied with liver injury. Furthermore, we discovered that the conservation of bile acid homeostasis under pregnancy or dexamethasone exposure was maintained through compensatory pathways. However, dexamethasone exposure during pregnancy tipped the balance of liver bile acid homeostasis by increasing classical synthesis and decreasing efflux and uptake. In addition, dexamethasone exposure during pregnancy also increased serum estrogen level and nuclear receptors mRNA expression levels. Finally, two-way ANOVA analysis showed that dexamethasone exposure during pregnancy could induce or facilitate maternal cholestasis and liver injury by up-regulating ERα and CYP7A1 expression. This study confirmed that dexamethasone exposure during pregnancy was related to maternal intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy and should be carefully monitored in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Fang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School of Wuhan University, 185 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Pengxia Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School of Wuhan University, 185 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Caiyun Ge
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Juanjuan Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yuanzhen Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Diseases, 185 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, China; Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School of Wuhan University, 185 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Diseases, 185 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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5
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Jiao T, Yao X, Zhao Y, Zhou Y, Gao Y, Fan S, Chen P, Li X, Jiang Y, Yang X, Gonzalez FJ, Huang M, Bi H. Dexamethasone-Induced Liver Enlargement Is Related to PXR/YAP Activation and Lipid Accumulation but Not Hepatocyte Proliferation. Drug Metab Dispos 2020; 48:830-839. [PMID: 32561593 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.120.000061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Dexamethasone (Dex), a widely prescribed anti-inflammatory drug, was reported to induce liver enlargement (hepatomegaly) in clinical practice and in animal models. However, the underlying mechanisms are not elucidated. Dex is a known activator of pregnane X receptor (PXR). Yes-associated protein (YAP) has been implicated in chemically induced liver enlargement. Here, the roles of PXR and YAP pathways were investigated in Dex-induced hepatomegaly. Upregulation of PXR downstream proteins, including cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A11, 2B10, and organic anion transporter polypeptide 2 (OATP2), indicated PXR signaling was activated after high dose of Dex (50 mg/kg, i.p.), and Dex at 100 μM activated PXR in the dual-luciferase reporter gene assay. Dex also increased the expression of total YAP, nuclear YAP, and YAP downstream proteins, including connective tissue growth factor and cysteine-rich angiogenic inducer 61, indicating activation of the YAP pathway. Furthermore, nuclear translocation of YAP was promoted by activation of PXR. However, hepatocyte proliferation was inhibited with significant decrease in the expression of proliferation-related proteins cyclin D1 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen as well as other regulatory factors, such as forkhead box protein M1, c-MYC, and epidermal growth factor receptor. The inhibitory effect of Dex on hepatocyte proliferation was likely due to its anti-inflammation effect of suppression of inflammation factors. β-catenin staining revealed enlarged hepatocytes, which were mostly attributable to the accumulation of lipids, such as triglycerides. In summary, high-dose Dex increased liver size accompanied by enlarged hepatocytes, and this was due to the activation of PXR/YAP and their effects on lipid accumulation but not hepatocyte proliferation. These findings provide new insights for understanding the mechanism of Dex-induced hepatomegaly. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This study identified the roles of pregnane X receptor (PXR) and yes-associated protein (YAP) pathways in dexamethasone (Dex)-induced hepatomegaly. Dex induced PXR/YAP activation, enlarged hepatocytes, and promoted liver enlargement with lipid accumulation, such as triglycerides. However, hepatocyte proliferation was inhibited by the anti-inflammatory effect of Dex. These findings provide new insights for understanding the mechanism of Dex-induced hepatomegaly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingying Jiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (T.J., X.P.Y., Yi.Z., Ya.Z., Y.G., S.F., P.C., X.L., Y.J., X.Y., M.H., H.B.) and Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland (F.J.G.)
| | - Xinpeng Yao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (T.J., X.P.Y., Yi.Z., Ya.Z., Y.G., S.F., P.C., X.L., Y.J., X.Y., M.H., H.B.) and Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland (F.J.G.)
| | - Yingyuan Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (T.J., X.P.Y., Yi.Z., Ya.Z., Y.G., S.F., P.C., X.L., Y.J., X.Y., M.H., H.B.) and Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland (F.J.G.)
| | - Yanying Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (T.J., X.P.Y., Yi.Z., Ya.Z., Y.G., S.F., P.C., X.L., Y.J., X.Y., M.H., H.B.) and Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland (F.J.G.)
| | - Yue Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (T.J., X.P.Y., Yi.Z., Ya.Z., Y.G., S.F., P.C., X.L., Y.J., X.Y., M.H., H.B.) and Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland (F.J.G.)
| | - Shicheng Fan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (T.J., X.P.Y., Yi.Z., Ya.Z., Y.G., S.F., P.C., X.L., Y.J., X.Y., M.H., H.B.) and Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland (F.J.G.)
| | - Panpan Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (T.J., X.P.Y., Yi.Z., Ya.Z., Y.G., S.F., P.C., X.L., Y.J., X.Y., M.H., H.B.) and Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland (F.J.G.)
| | - Xuan Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (T.J., X.P.Y., Yi.Z., Ya.Z., Y.G., S.F., P.C., X.L., Y.J., X.Y., M.H., H.B.) and Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland (F.J.G.)
| | - Yiming Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (T.J., X.P.Y., Yi.Z., Ya.Z., Y.G., S.F., P.C., X.L., Y.J., X.Y., M.H., H.B.) and Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland (F.J.G.)
| | - Xiao Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (T.J., X.P.Y., Yi.Z., Ya.Z., Y.G., S.F., P.C., X.L., Y.J., X.Y., M.H., H.B.) and Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland (F.J.G.)
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (T.J., X.P.Y., Yi.Z., Ya.Z., Y.G., S.F., P.C., X.L., Y.J., X.Y., M.H., H.B.) and Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland (F.J.G.)
| | - Min Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (T.J., X.P.Y., Yi.Z., Ya.Z., Y.G., S.F., P.C., X.L., Y.J., X.Y., M.H., H.B.) and Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland (F.J.G.)
| | - Huichang Bi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (T.J., X.P.Y., Yi.Z., Ya.Z., Y.G., S.F., P.C., X.L., Y.J., X.Y., M.H., H.B.) and Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland (F.J.G.)
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6
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Riddick DS, Mullen Grey AK. Mechanisms of NADPH - cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase induction by dexamethasone in the H4IIE rat hepatoma cell line. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2019; 98:267-274. [PMID: 31825663 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2019-0586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Expression of NADPH - cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase (POR), electron donor for microsomal P450s, is induced in rat liver by dexamethasone (DEX), an activator of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and the pregnane X receptor (PXR). DEX induction of POR in rat liver is primarily PXR-mediated, although GR may contribute to mRNA effects. We examined the role of GR and PXR in the DEX induction of POR mRNA and protein in the H4IIE rat hepatoma cell line. The DEX EC50 for a PXR target, CYP3A23, exceeded that for the GR targets tyrosine aminotransferase and PXR as well as POR itself. POR protein levels were induced 3- and 4-fold, respectively, by DEX concentrations activating GR selectively (100 nM) or both GR and PXR (10 μM). POR was induced by triamcinolone acetonide, a selective GR agonist, but not pregnenolone-16α-carbonitrile, a selective PXR agonist. POR induction was blocked by the GR antagonist RU486 but minimally influenced by the PXR antagonist FLB-12. The half-life for POR mRNA was prolonged by DEX at both 100 nM and 10 μM. GR is more important in DEX-induced POR expression in H4IIE cells compared to rat liver in vivo, calling into question the suitability of this cell model for mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Riddick
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Sciences Building, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Sciences Building, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Anne K Mullen Grey
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Sciences Building, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Sciences Building, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
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7
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Shen Y, Shi Z, Yan B. Carboxylesterases: Pharmacological Inhibition Regulated Expression and Transcriptional Involvement of Nuclear Receptors and other Transcription Factors. NUCLEAR RECEPTOR RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.32527/2019/101435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjun Shen
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh Department of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Zhanquan Shi
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Bingfang Yan
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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Ayyar VS, Sukumaran S, DuBois DC, Almon RR, Jusko WJ. Modeling Corticosteroid Pharmacogenomics and Proteomics in Rat Liver. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2018; 367:168-183. [PMID: 30087156 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.118.251959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Corticosteroids (CS) regulate the expression of numerous genes at the mRNA and protein levels. The time course of CS pharmacogenomics and proteomics were examined in livers obtained from adrenalectomized rats given a 50-mg/kg bolus dose of methylprednisolone. Microarrays and mass spectrometry-based proteomics were employed to quantify hepatic transcript and protein dynamics. One-hundred, sixty-three differentially expressed mRNA and their corresponding proteins (163 genes) were clustered into two dominant groups. The temporal profiles of most proteins were delayed compared with their mRNA, attributable to synthesis delays and slower degradation kinetics. On the basis of our fifth-generation model of CS, mathematical models were developed to simultaneously describe the emergent time patterns for an array of steroid-responsive mRNA and proteins. The majority of genes showed time-dependent increases in mRNA and protein expression before returning to baseline. A model assuming direct, steroid-mediated stimulation of mRNA synthesis was applied. Some mRNAs and their proteins displayed down-regulation following CS. A model assuming receptor-mediated inhibition of mRNA synthesis was used. More complex patterns were observed for other genes (e.g., biphasic behaviors and opposite directionality in mRNA and protein). Models assuming either stimulation or inhibition of mRNA synthesis coupled with dual secondarily induced regulatory mechanisms affecting mRNA or protein turnover were derived. These findings indicate that CS-regulated gene expression manifested at the mRNA and protein levels are controlled via mechanisms affecting key turnover processes. Our quantitative models of CS pharmacogenomics were expanded from mRNA to proteins and provide extended hypotheses for understanding the direct, secondary, and downstream mechanisms of CS actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivaswath S Ayyar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (V.S.A., S.S., D.C.D., R.R.A., W.J.J.) and Department of Biological Sciences (D.C.D., R.R.A.), State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Siddharth Sukumaran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (V.S.A., S.S., D.C.D., R.R.A., W.J.J.) and Department of Biological Sciences (D.C.D., R.R.A.), State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Debra C DuBois
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (V.S.A., S.S., D.C.D., R.R.A., W.J.J.) and Department of Biological Sciences (D.C.D., R.R.A.), State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Richard R Almon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (V.S.A., S.S., D.C.D., R.R.A., W.J.J.) and Department of Biological Sciences (D.C.D., R.R.A.), State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - William J Jusko
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (V.S.A., S.S., D.C.D., R.R.A., W.J.J.) and Department of Biological Sciences (D.C.D., R.R.A.), State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
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9
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Zhang YW, Zheng XW, Liu YJ, Fang L, Pan ZF, Bao MH, Huang P. Effect of Oridonin on Cytochrome P450 Expression and Activities in HepaRG Cell. Pharmacology 2018; 101:246-254. [PMID: 29393278 DOI: 10.1159/000486600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Oridonin, the major terpene found in Rabdosia rubescens, is widely used as a dietary supplement or therapeutic drug. However, the effects of oridonin on major CYP450s are still unclear. As oridonin can enhance the effect of other clinical drugs, in this study, we investigated the influence of oridonin on CYP450s mRNA expression and its impact on activities in human HepaRG cell to evaluate the safety by studying its potential drug interaction. HepaRG cells were cultured with series concentrations of oridonin (1, 5, 10, and 20 μmol/L), and the major CYP450s mRNA and protein expression, as well as enzyme activities were analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blot analysis and UPLC-MS/MS-based metabolite assay. In general, ordonin has induced effects on the major member of CYP450s mRNA and protein expression, as well as on the enzyme activity in human HepaRG cells, especially on CYP3A4 and CYP2C9. To our knowledge, this is the first systematic research about the inductive effects of oridonin on the major member of CYP450s in human cell line. These results may provide at least partly of the basis for potential drug-drug interactions and oridonin should be used with caution to avoid potential risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Wen Zhang
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Head and Neck Cancer Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Zheng
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Jia Liu
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Luo Fang
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zong-Fu Pan
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mei-Hua Bao
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, China
| | - Ping Huang
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Head and Neck Cancer Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
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Mandl M, Depping R. ARNT is a potential direct HIF-1 target gene in human Hep3B hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Cancer Cell Int 2017; 17:77. [PMID: 28855849 PMCID: PMC5571568 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-017-0446-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The transcription factor aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (ARNT) participates in the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathway which senses a decline in cellular oxygen tension. In hypoxia, HIF-1α and ARNT form the transcriptional active complex HIF-1 followed by the expression of target genes. ARNT is considered as constitutively expressed and unaffected by hypoxia. However, certain tumour cell lines derived from different entities are capable to elevate ARNT expression under hypoxic conditions which implies a survival benefit. It was demonstrated that high ARNT protein levels mediate radioresistance in tumour cells. Furthermore, a HIF-1α-driven feed-forward loop leading to augmented HIF signalling was discovered in Hep3B cells. Herein HIF-1α elevates the mRNA and protein expression of its binding partner ARNT in hypoxia. However, the detailed mechanism remained unclear. The objective of this study was to test whether HIF-1α might directly regulate ARNT expression by recruitment to the ARNT promoter. METHODS Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing, Western blotting, quantitative RT-PCR and reporter gene assays were applied. The unpaired t test was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS ChIP assays revealed the binding of both HIF-1α and ARNT to the ARNT promoter in hypoxia. The relevance of this particular region for hypoxic ARNT induction was confirmed by CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing. ARNT normoxic basal expression and hypoxic inducibility was reduced in genome-edited Hep3B cells. This phenotype was accompanied with impaired HIF signalling and was rescued by ARNT overexpression. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate ARNT to be a putative HIF-1 target gene and a limiting factor in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Mandl
- Institute of Physiology, Center for Structural and Cell Biology in Medicine, University of Luebeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany.,Division of Cell Metabolism and Differentiation Research, Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Rennweg 10, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Reinhard Depping
- Institute of Physiology, Center for Structural and Cell Biology in Medicine, University of Luebeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
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