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Ottensmeyer J, Esch A, Baeta H, Sieger S, Gupta Y, Rathmann MF, Jeschke A, Jacko D, Schaaf K, Schiffer T, Rahimi B, Lövenich L, Sisto A, van der Ven PFM, Fürst DO, Haas A, Bloch W, Gehlert S, Hoffmann B, Timmerman V, Huesgen PF, Höhfeld J. Force-induced dephosphorylation activates the cochaperone BAG3 to coordinate protein homeostasis and membrane traffic. Curr Biol 2024; 34:4170-4183.e9. [PMID: 39181128 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.07.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Proteome maintenance in contracting skeletal and cardiac muscles depends on the chaperone-regulating protein BAG3. Reduced BAG3 activity leads to muscle weakness and heart failure in animal models and patients. BAG3 and its chaperone partners recognize mechanically damaged muscle proteins and initiate their disposal through chaperone-assisted selective autophagy (CASA). However, molecular details of the force-dependent regulation of BAG3 have remained elusive so far. Here, we demonstrate that mechanical stress triggers the dephosphorylation of BAG3 in human muscle and in isolated cells. We identify force-regulated phospho-switches in BAG3 that control CASA complex assembly and CASA activity. Differential proteomics reveal RAB GTPases, which organize membrane traffic and fusion, as dephosphorylation-dependent interactors of BAG3. In fact, RAB7A and RAB11B are shown here to be essential for CASA in skeletal muscle cells. Moreover, BAG3 dephosphorylation is also observed upon induction of mitophagy, suggesting an involvement of the cochaperone in the RAB7A-dependent autophagic engulfment of damaged mitochondria in exercised muscle. Cooperation of BAG3 with RAB7A relies on a direct interaction of both proteins, which is regulated by the nucleotide state of the GTPase and by association with the autophagosome membrane protein LC3B. Finally, we provide evidence that BAG3 and RAB7A also cooperate in non-muscle cells and propose that overactivation of CASA in RAB7A-L129F patients contributes to the loss of peripheral neurons in Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Ottensmeyer
- Institute for Cell Biology, University of Bonn, Ulrich-Haberland-Str. 61a, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Alessandra Esch
- Institute for Cell Biology, University of Bonn, Ulrich-Haberland-Str. 61a, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Henrique Baeta
- Institute for Biology II, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sandro Sieger
- Institute for Cell Biology, University of Bonn, Ulrich-Haberland-Str. 61a, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Yamini Gupta
- Institute for Cell Biology, University of Bonn, Ulrich-Haberland-Str. 61a, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Maximilian F Rathmann
- Institute for Cell Biology, University of Bonn, Ulrich-Haberland-Str. 61a, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas Jeschke
- Institute for Cell Biology, University of Bonn, Ulrich-Haberland-Str. 61a, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Daniel Jacko
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany
| | - Kirill Schaaf
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany
| | - Thorsten Schiffer
- Outpatient Clinic for Sports Traumatology, German Sport University, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany
| | - Bahareh Rahimi
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Lukas Lövenich
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Angela Sisto
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute Born Bunge and University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Peter F M van der Ven
- Institute for Cell Biology, University of Bonn, Ulrich-Haberland-Str. 61a, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Dieter O Fürst
- Institute for Cell Biology, University of Bonn, Ulrich-Haberland-Str. 61a, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Albert Haas
- Institute for Cell Biology, University of Bonn, Ulrich-Haberland-Str. 61a, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Bloch
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany
| | - Sebastian Gehlert
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany; Institute of Sport Science, University of Hildesheim, Universitätsplatz 1, 31139 Hildesheim, Germany
| | - Bernd Hoffmann
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Vincent Timmerman
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute Born Bunge and University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Pitter F Huesgen
- Institute for Biology II, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; CIBSS - Centre for Integrative Biological Signaling Studies, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestr. 18, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Höhfeld
- Institute for Cell Biology, University of Bonn, Ulrich-Haberland-Str. 61a, 53121 Bonn, Germany.
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2
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Ali M, Zhang Z, Ibrahim MAA, Soliman MES. Heat shock protein (Hsp27)-ceramide synthase (Cers1) protein-protein interactions provide a new avenue for unexplored anti-cancer mechanism and therapy. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2024:1-13. [PMID: 39189140 DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2024.2392711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Hsp27 is a member of the small heat-shock proteins (sHSPs) - the known cellular line of defence against abnormal protein folding behaviors. Nevertheless, its upregulation is linked to a variety of pathological disorders, including several types of cancers. The ceramide synthases (CerS) mediate the synthesis of ceramide, a critical structural and signaling lipid. Functionally, downstream ceramide metabolites are implicated in the apoptosis process and their abnormal functionality has been linked to anticancer resistance. Studies showed that CerS1 are possibly inhibited by Hsp27 leading to biochemical anticancer effects in vitro. Nevertheless, the nature of such protein-protein interaction (PPI) has not been considerably investigated in molecular terms, hence, we present the first description of the dynamics CerS1-Hsp27 interaction landscapes using molecular dynamics simulations. Time-scale molecular dynamics simulation analysis indicated a system-wide conformational events of decreased stability, increased flexibility, reduced compactness, and decreased folding of CerS1. Analysis of binding energy showed a favorable interaction entailing 56 residues at the interface and a total stabilizing energy of -158 KJ/mol. The CerS1 catalytic domain experienced an opposite trend compared to the protein backbone. Yet, these residues adopted a highly compact conformation as per DCCM and DSSP analysis. Furthermore, conserved residues (SER 212, ASP 213, ALA 240, GLY 243, ASP 319) comprising the substrate shuttling machinery showed notable rigidity implying a restrained ceramide precursor access and assembly; hence, a possible inhibitory mechanism. Findings from this report would streamline a better molecular understanding of CerS1-Hsp27 interactions and decipher its potential avenue toward unexplored anti-cancer mechanisms and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musab Ali
- Molecular Bio-Computation and Drug Design Research Group, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Zhichao Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Mahmoud A A Ibrahim
- Molecular Bio-Computation and Drug Design Research Group, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud E S Soliman
- Molecular Bio-Computation and Drug Design Research Group, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
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3
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Ohiri JC, Dellefave‐Castillo L, Tomar G, Wilsbacher L, Choudhury L, Barefield DY, Fullenkamp D, Gacita AM, Monroe TO, Pesce L, Blancard M, Vaught L, George AL, Demonbreun AR, Puckelwartz MJ, McNally EM. Reduction of Filamin C Results in Altered Proteostasis, Cardiomyopathy, and Arrhythmias. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e030467. [PMID: 38761081 PMCID: PMC11179814 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.030467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many cardiomyopathy-associated FLNC pathogenic variants are heterozygous truncations, and FLNC pathogenic variants are associated with arrhythmias. Arrhythmia triggers in filaminopathy are incompletely understood. METHODS AND RESULTS We describe an individual with biallelic FLNC pathogenic variants, p.Arg650X and c.970-4A>G, with peripartum cardiomyopathy and ventricular arrhythmias. We also describe clinical findings in probands with FLNC variants including Val2715fs87X, Glu2458Serfs71X, Phe106Leu, and c.970-4A>G with hypertrophic and dilated cardiomyopathy, atrial fibrillation, and ventricular tachycardia. Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) were generated. The FLNC truncation, Arg650X/c.970-4A>G, showed a marked reduction in filamin C protein consistent with biallelic loss of function mutations. To assess loss of filamin C, gene editing of a healthy control iPSC line was used to generate a homozygous FLNC disruption in the actin binding domain. Because filamin C has been linked to protein quality control, we assessed the necessity of filamin C in iPSC-CMs for response to the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib. After exposure to low-dose bortezomib, FLNC-null iPSC-CMs showed an increase in the chaperone proteins BAG3, HSP70 (heat shock protein 70), and HSPB8 (small heat shock protein B8) and in the autophagy marker LC3I/II. FLNC null iPSC-CMs had prolonged electric field potential, which was further prolonged in the presence of low-dose bortezomib. FLNC null engineered heart tissues had impaired function after low-dose bortezomib. CONCLUSIONS FLNC pathogenic variants associate with a predisposition to arrhythmias, which can be modeled in iPSC-CMs. Reduction of filamin C prolonged field potential, a surrogate for action potential, and with bortezomib-induced proteasome inhibition, reduced filamin C led to greater arrhythmia potential and impaired function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce C. Ohiri
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoILUSA
| | | | - Garima Tomar
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoILUSA
| | - Lisa Wilsbacher
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoILUSA
| | - Lubna Choudhury
- Bluhm Cardiovascular InstituteNorthwestern MedicineChicagoILUSA
| | - David Y. Barefield
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoILUSA
- Cell and Molecular PhysiologyLoyola University Stritch School of MedicineMaywoodILUSA
| | - Dominic Fullenkamp
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoILUSA
| | - Anthony M. Gacita
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoILUSA
| | - Tanner O. Monroe
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoILUSA
| | - Lorenzo Pesce
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoILUSA
| | - Malorie Blancard
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoILUSA
| | - Lauren Vaught
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoILUSA
| | - Alfred L. George
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoILUSA
| | - Alexis R. Demonbreun
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoILUSA
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoILUSA
| | - Megan J. Puckelwartz
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoILUSA
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoILUSA
| | - Elizabeth M. McNally
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoILUSA
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4
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Muranova LK, Vostrikova VM, Shatov VM, Sluchanko NN, Gusev NB. Interaction of the C-terminal immunoglobulin-like domains (Ig 22-24) of filamin C with human small heat shock proteins. Biochimie 2024; 219:146-154. [PMID: 38016530 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Small heat shock proteins are the well-known regulators of the cytoskeleton integrity, yet their complexes with actin-binding proteins are underexplored. Filamin C, a dimeric 560 kDa protein, abundant in cardiac and skeletal muscles, crosslinks actin filaments and contributes to Z-disc formation and membrane-cytoskeleton attachment. Here, we analyzed the interaction of a human filamin C fragment containing immunoglobulin-like domains 22-24 (FLNC22-24) with five small heat shock proteins (HspB1, HspB5, HspB6, HspB7, HspB8) and their α-crystallin domains. On size-exclusion chromatography, only HspB7 or its α-crystallin domain formed complexes with FLNC22-24. Despite similar isoelectric points of the small heat shock proteins analyzed, only HspB7 and its α-crystallin domain interacted with FLNC22-24 on native gel electrophoresis. Crosslinking with glutaraldehyde confirmed the formation of complexes between HspB7 (or its α-crystallin domain) and the filamin С fragment, inhibiting intersubunit FLNC crosslinking. These data are consistent with the structure modeling using Alphafold. Thus, the C-terminal fragment (immunoglobulin-like domains 22-24) of filamin C contains the site for HspB7 (or its α-crystallin domain) interaction, which competes with FLNC22-24 dimerization and its probable interaction with different target proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia K Muranova
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia
| | - Varvara M Vostrikova
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia
| | - Vladislav M Shatov
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia
| | - Nikolai N Sluchanko
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Center "Fundamentals of Biotechnology", Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Nikolai B Gusev
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia.
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5
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Du H, Diao C, Zhuo Y, Zheng X, Hu Z, Lu S, Jin W, Zhou L, Liu JF. Assembly of novel sequences for Chinese domestic pigs reveals new genes and regulatory variants providing new insights into their diversity. Genomics 2024; 116:110782. [PMID: 38176574 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2024.110782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
There is an increasing understanding that a reference genome representing an individual cannot capture all the gene repertoire of a species. Here, we conduct a population-scale missing sequences detection of Chinese domestic pigs using whole-genome sequencing data from 534 individuals. We identify 132.41 Mb of sequences absent in the reference assembly, including eight novel genes. In particular, the breeds spread in Chinese high-altitude regions perform significantly different frequencies of new sequences in promoters than other breeds. Furthermore, we dissect the role of non-coding variants and identify a novel sequence inserted in the 3'UTR of the FMO3 gene, which may be associated with the intramuscular fat phenotype. This novel sequence could be a candidate marker for meat quality. Our study provides a comprehensive overview of the missing sequences in Chinese domestic pigs and indicates that this dataset is a valuable resource for understanding the diversity and biology of pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Du
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding; College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Chenguang Diao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding; College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Yue Zhuo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding; College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xianrui Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding; College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhengzheng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding; College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shiyu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding; College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wenjiao Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding; College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding; College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Jian-Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding; College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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6
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Rinauro DJ, Chiti F, Vendruscolo M, Limbocker R. Misfolded protein oligomers: mechanisms of formation, cytotoxic effects, and pharmacological approaches against protein misfolding diseases. Mol Neurodegener 2024; 19:20. [PMID: 38378578 PMCID: PMC10877934 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-023-00651-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The conversion of native peptides and proteins into amyloid aggregates is a hallmark of over 50 human disorders, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Increasing evidence implicates misfolded protein oligomers produced during the amyloid formation process as the primary cytotoxic agents in many of these devastating conditions. In this review, we analyze the processes by which oligomers are formed, their structures, physicochemical properties, population dynamics, and the mechanisms of their cytotoxicity. We then focus on drug discovery strategies that target the formation of oligomers and their ability to disrupt cell physiology and trigger degenerative processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dillon J Rinauro
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Fabrizio Chiti
- Section of Biochemistry, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Michele Vendruscolo
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK.
| | - Ryan Limbocker
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY, 10996, USA.
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7
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Jo JH, Jalil GN, Kim WS, Moon JO, Lee SD, Kwon CH, Lee HG. Effects of Rumen-Protected L-Tryptophan Supplementation on Productivity, Physiological Indicators, Blood Profiles, and Heat Shock Protein Gene Expression in Lactating Holstein Cows under Heat Stress Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1217. [PMID: 38279240 PMCID: PMC10816680 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, we examined the effects of rumen-protected L-tryptophan supplementation on the productivity and physiological metabolic indicators in lactating Holstein cows under heat stress conditions. The study involved eight early lactating Holstein cows (days in milk = 40 ± 9 days; milk yield 30 ± 1.5 kg/day; parity 1.09 ± 0.05, p < 0.05), four cows per experiment, with environmentally controlled chambers. In each experiment, two distinct heat stress conditions were created: a low-temperature and low-humidity (LTLH) condition at 25 °C with 35-50% humidity and a high-temperature and high-humidity (HTHH) condition at 31 °C with 80-95% humidity. During the adaptation phase, the cows were subjected to LTLH and HTHH conditions for 3 days. This was followed by a 4-day heat stress phase and then by a 7-day phase of heat stress, which were complemented by supplementation with rumen-protected L-tryptophan (ACT). The findings revealed that supplementation with ACT increased dry matter intake as well as milk yield and protein and decreased water intake, heart rate, and rectal temperature in the HTHH group (p < 0.05). For plateletcrit (PCT, p = 0.0600), the eosinophil percentage (EOS, p = 0.0880) showed a tendency to be lower, while the monocyte (MONO) and large unstained cells (LUC) amounts were increased in both groups (p < 0.05). Albumin and glucose levels were lower in the HTHH group (p < 0.05). The gene expressions of heat shock proteins 70 and 90 in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells were higher in the ACT group (HTHH, p < 0.05). These results suggest that ACT supplementation improved productivity, physiological indicators, blood characteristics, and gene expression in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of early lactating Holstein cows under heat-stress conditions. In particular, ACT supplementation objectively relieved stress in these animals, suggesting that L-tryptophan has potential as a viable solution for combating heat-stress-induced effects on the cattle in dairy farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jang-Hoon Jo
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (J.-H.J.); (G.N.J.)
| | - Ghassemi Nejad Jalil
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (J.-H.J.); (G.N.J.)
| | - Won-Seob Kim
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
| | - Jun-Ok Moon
- Institute of Integrated Technology, CJ CheilJedang, Suwon 16495, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sung-Dae Lee
- Animal Nutrition and Physiology Team, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea;
| | - Chan-Ho Kwon
- Department of Animal Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hong-Gu Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (J.-H.J.); (G.N.J.)
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8
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Wang N, Liu X, Liu K, Wang K, Zhang H. Homo-oxidized HSPB1 protects H9c2 cells against oxidative stress via activation of KEAP1/NRF2 signaling pathway. iScience 2023; 26:107443. [PMID: 37575200 PMCID: PMC10415933 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Several heat shock proteins are implicated in the endogenous cardioprotective mechanisms, but little is known about the role of heat shock protein beta-1 (HSPB1). This study aims to investigate the oxidation state and role of HSPB1 in cardiomyocytes undergoing oxidative stress and underlying mechanisms. Here, we demonstrate that hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) promotes the homo-oxidation of HSPB1. Cys137 residue of HSPB1 is not only required for it to protect cardiomyocytes against oxidative injury but also modulates its oxidation, phosphorylation at Ser15, and distribution to insoluble cell components after H2O2 treatment. Moreover, Cys137 residue is indispensable for HSPB1 to interact with KEAP1, thus regulating its oxidation and intracellular distribution, subsequently promoting the nuclear translocation of NRF2, and increasing the transcription of GLCM, HMOX1, and TXNRD1. Altogether, these findings provide evidence that Cys137 residue is indispensable for HSPB1 to maintain its redox state and antioxidant activity via activating KEAP1/NRF2 signaling cascade in cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nian Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
- National Medicine Functional Experimental Teaching Center, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
| | - Xiehong Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
- National Medicine Functional Experimental Teaching Center, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
| | - Ke Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
- National Medicine Functional Experimental Teaching Center, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
| | - Kangkai Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
- National Medicine Functional Experimental Teaching Center, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
| | - Huali Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
- National Medicine Functional Experimental Teaching Center, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
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9
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Gu C, Fan X, Yu W. Functional Diversity of Mammalian Small Heat Shock Proteins: A Review. Cells 2023; 12:1947. [PMID: 37566026 PMCID: PMC10417760 DOI: 10.3390/cells12151947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The small heat shock proteins (sHSPs), whose molecular weight ranges from 12∼43 kDa, are members of the heat shock protein (HSP) family that are widely found in all organisms. As intracellular stress resistance molecules, sHSPs play an important role in maintaining the homeostasis of the intracellular environment under various stressful conditions. A total of 10 sHSPs have been identified in mammals, sharing conserved α-crystal domains combined with variable N-terminal and C-terminal regions. Unlike large-molecular-weight HSP, sHSPs prevent substrate protein aggregation through an ATP-independent mechanism. In addition to chaperone activity, sHSPs were also shown to suppress apoptosis, ferroptosis, and senescence, promote autophagy, regulate cytoskeletal dynamics, maintain membrane stability, control the direction of cellular differentiation, modulate angiogenesis, and spermatogenesis, as well as attenuate the inflammatory response and reduce oxidative damage. Phosphorylation is the most significant post-translational modification of sHSPs and is usually an indicator of their activation. Furthermore, abnormalities in sHSPs often lead to aggregation of substrate proteins and dysfunction of client proteins, resulting in disease. This paper reviews the various biological functions of sHSPs in mammals, emphasizing the roles of different sHSPs in specific cellular activities. In addition, we discuss the effect of phosphorylation on the function of sHSPs and the association between sHSPs and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoguang Gu
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Xiasha High-Tech Zone No.2 Road, Hangzhou 310018, China;
| | - Xinyi Fan
- Faculty of Arts and Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S1A1, Canada;
| | - Wei Yu
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Xiasha High-Tech Zone No.2 Road, Hangzhou 310018, China;
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10
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Deng Y, Yan J. Force-Dependent Structural Changes of Filamin C Rod Domains Regulated by Filamin C Dimer. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:14670-14678. [PMID: 37369984 PMCID: PMC10348313 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c02303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Filamin C (FLNC), a large dimeric actin-binding protein in muscle cells, plays a critical role in transmitting force in the cytoskeleton and that between membrane receptors and the cytoskeleton. It performs crucial mechanosensing and downstream mechanotransduction functions via force-dependent interactions with signaling proteins. Mutations in FLNC have been linked to muscle and heart diseases. The mechanical responses of the force-bearing elements in FLNC have not been determined. This study investigated the mechanical responses of FLNC domains and their dimerization interface using magnetic tweezers. Results showed high stability of the N-terminal domains in the rod-1 segment but significant changes in the rod-2 domains in response to forces of a few piconewtons (pN). The dimerization interface, formed by the R24 domain, has a lifetime of seconds to tens of seconds at pN forces, and it dissociates within 1 s at forces greater than 14 pN. The findings suggest the FLNC dimerization interface provides sufficient mechanical stability that enables force-dependent structural changes in rod-2 domains for signaling protein binding and maintains structural integrity of the rod-1 domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxin Deng
- Mechanobiology
Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
| | - Jie Yan
- Mechanobiology
Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
- Department
of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, Singapore
- Joint
School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, China
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11
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Perez-Bermejo JA, Judge LM, Jensen CL, Wu K, Watry HL, Truong A, Ho JJ, Carter M, Runyon WV, Kaake RM, Pulido EH, Mandegar MA, Swaney DL, So PL, Krogan NJ, Conklin BR. Functional analysis of a common BAG3 allele associated with protection from heart failure. NATURE CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH 2023; 2:615-628. [PMID: 39195919 DOI: 10.1038/s44161-023-00288-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Multiple genetic association studies have correlated a common allelic block linked to the BAG3 gene with a decreased incidence of heart failure, but the molecular mechanism remains elusive. In this study, we used induced pluripotent stem cells to test if the only coding variant in this allele block, BAG3C151R, alters protein and cellular function in human cardiomyocytes. Quantitative protein interaction analysis identified changes in BAG3C151R protein partners specific to cardiomyocytes. Knockdown of genes encoding for BAG3-interacting factors in cardiomyocytes followed by myofibrillar analysis revealed that BAG3C151R associates more strongly with proteins involved in the maintenance of myofibrillar integrity. Finally, we demonstrate that cardiomyocytes expressing the BAG3C151R variant have improved response to proteotoxic stress in a dose-dependent manner. This study suggests that BAG3C151R could be responsible for the cardioprotective effect of the haplotype block, by increasing cardiomyocyte protection from stress. Preferential binding partners of BAG3C151R may reveal potential targets for cardioprotective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luke M Judge
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Kenneth Wu
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Jaclyn J Ho
- Tenaya Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Robyn M Kaake
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Danielle L Swaney
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Po-Lin So
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nevan J Krogan
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Bruce R Conklin
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Innovative Genomics Institute, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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12
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Guo S, Yang H, Liu J, Meng Z, Sui L. Heat Shock Proteins in Tooth Development and Injury Repair. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087455. [PMID: 37108621 PMCID: PMC10138928 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are a class of molecular chaperones with expression increased in response to heat or other stresses. HSPs regulate cell homeostasis by modulating the folding and maturation of intracellular proteins. Tooth development is a complex process that involves many cell activities. During tooth preparation or trauma, teeth can be damaged. The damaged teeth start their repair process by remineralizing and regenerating tissue. During tooth development and injury repair, different HSPs have different expression patterns and play a special role in odontoblast differentiation and ameloblast secretion by mediating signaling pathways or participating in protein transport. This review explores the expression patterns and potential mechanisms of HSPs, particularly HSP25, HSP60 and HSP70, in tooth development and injury repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuling Guo
- School of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300014, China
| | - Haosun Yang
- School of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300014, China
| | - Jiacheng Liu
- School of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300014, China
| | - Zhaosong Meng
- School of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300014, China
| | - Lei Sui
- School of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300014, China
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13
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Small heat shock proteins operate as molecular chaperones in the mitochondrial intermembrane space. Nat Cell Biol 2023; 25:467-480. [PMID: 36690850 PMCID: PMC10014586 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-022-01074-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are complex organelles with different compartments, each harbouring their own protein quality control factors. While chaperones of the mitochondrial matrix are well characterized, it is poorly understood which chaperones protect the mitochondrial intermembrane space. Here we show that cytosolic small heat shock proteins are imported under basal conditions into the mitochondrial intermembrane space, where they operate as molecular chaperones. Protein misfolding in the mitochondrial intermembrane space leads to increased recruitment of small heat shock proteins. Depletion of small heat shock proteins leads to mitochondrial swelling and reduced respiration, while aggregation of aggregation-prone substrates is countered in their presence. Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease-causing mutations disturb the mitochondrial function of HSPB1, potentially linking previously observed mitochondrial dysfunction in Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 2F to its role in the mitochondrial intermembrane space. Our results reveal that small heat shock proteins form a chaperone system that operates in the mitochondrial intermembrane space.
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14
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Luo X, Yang Z, Zeng J, Chen J, Chen N, Jiang X, Wei Q, Yi P, Xu J. Mutation of FLNA attenuating the migration of abdominal muscles contributed to Melnick-Needles syndrome (MNS) in a family with recurrent miscarriage. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2023; 11:e2145. [PMID: 36734119 PMCID: PMC10178794 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.2145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Filamin A, encoded by the X-linked gene FLNA, links the cell membrane with the cytoskeleton and acts as a regulator of the actin cytoskeleton. Mutations in FLNA cause a large spectrum of congenital malformations during embryonic development, including Melnick-Needles syndrome (MNS). However, reports of MNS, especially in males, are rare, and the pathogenesis molecular mechanisms are not well understood. METHODS We found a family with two consecutive miscarriages of similar fetuses with multiple malformations. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood and tissues, and whole exome sequencing was performed for genetic analysis. Then, we created a C57BL/6 mouse with a point mutation by CRISPR/Cas-mediated genome engineering. The migration of primary abdominal muscle cell was detected by wound healing assay. RESULTS The first fetus showed congenital hygroma colli and omphalocele identified by ultrasound at 12 wks; the second fetus showed hygroma colli and thoraco abdominoschisis at 12 wks, with a new hemizygous mutation c.4420G>A in exon 26 of the FLNA gene, which is predicted to cause an amino acid substitution (p.Asp1474Asn). The mother and grandmother were both present in the c.4420G>A heterozygous state, and the mother's healthy brother had wild-type FLNA. These FLNA-mutated mice exhibited a broader central gap between the rectus abdominis than the wild type (WT), similar to the midline structure dysplasia of the abdominal wall in the two fetuses. Wound healing assays showed the attenuated migration capacity of abdominal muscle cells in mice with mutated FLNA. Finally, we summarized the cases of MNS with FLNA mutation from the accessible published literature thus far. CONCLUSION Our research revealed a mutation site of the FLNA for MNS and explored the mechanism of midline structure dysplasia in the abdominal wall of male patients, which could provide more evidence for the clinical diagnosis and genetic counseling of families with these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Luo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zailin Yang
- Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Zeng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yubei District Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ningxuan Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qinlv Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ping Yi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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15
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Wu T, Xu Y, Zhang L, Liang Z, Zhou X, Evans SM, Chen J. Filamin C is Essential for mammalian myocardial integrity. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1010630. [PMID: 36706168 PMCID: PMC9907827 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
FLNC, encoding filamin C, is one of the most mutated genes in dilated and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. However, the precise role of filamin C in mammalian heart remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrated Flnc global (FlncgKO) and cardiomyocyte-specific knockout (FlnccKO) mice died in utero from severely ruptured ventricular myocardium, indicating filamin C is required to maintain the structural integrity of myocardium in the mammalian heart. Contrary to the common belief that filamin C acts as an integrin inactivator, we observed attenuated activation of β1 integrin specifically in the myocardium of FlncgKO mice. Although deleting β1 integrin from cardiomyocytes did not recapitulate the heart rupture phenotype in Flnc knockout mice, deleting both β1 integrin and filamin C from cardiomyocytes resulted in much more severe heart ruptures than deleting filamin C alone. Our results demonstrated that filamin C works in concert with β1 integrin to maintain the structural integrity of myocardium during mammalian heart development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongbin Wu
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Yujun Xu
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Lunfeng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Zhengyu Liang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Xiaohai Zhou
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Sylvia M. Evans
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Ju Chen
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
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16
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Gestaut D, Zhao Y, Park J, Ma B, Leitner A, Collier M, Pintilie G, Roh SH, Chiu W, Frydman J. Structural visualization of the tubulin folding pathway directed by human chaperonin TRiC/CCT. Cell 2022; 185:4770-4787.e20. [PMID: 36493755 PMCID: PMC9735246 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The ATP-dependent ring-shaped chaperonin TRiC/CCT is essential for cellular proteostasis. To uncover why some eukaryotic proteins can only fold with TRiC assistance, we reconstituted the folding of β-tubulin using human prefoldin and TRiC. We find unstructured β-tubulin is delivered by prefoldin to the open TRiC chamber followed by ATP-dependent chamber closure. Cryo-EM resolves four near-atomic-resolution structures containing progressively folded β-tubulin intermediates within the closed TRiC chamber, culminating in native tubulin. This substrate folding pathway appears closely guided by site-specific interactions with conserved regions in the TRiC chamber. Initial electrostatic interactions between the TRiC interior wall and both the folded tubulin N domain and its C-terminal E-hook tail establish the native substrate topology, thus enabling C-domain folding. Intrinsically disordered CCT C termini within the chamber promote subsequent folding of tubulin's core and middle domains and GTP-binding. Thus, TRiC's chamber provides chemical and topological directives that shape the folding landscape of its obligate substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Gestaut
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yanyan Zhao
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Junsun Park
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Boxue Ma
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Alexander Leitner
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Dept of Biology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Miranda Collier
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Grigore Pintilie
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Soung-Hun Roh
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea,Co-Corresponding authors: (lead contact), ,
| | - Wah Chiu
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA,Co-Corresponding authors: (lead contact), ,
| | - Judith Frydman
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA,Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA,Co-Corresponding authors: (lead contact), ,
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17
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Hoffman LM, Jensen CC, Beckerle MC. Phosphorylation of the small heat shock protein HspB1 regulates cytoskeletal recruitment and cell motility. Mol Biol Cell 2022; 33:ar100. [PMID: 35767320 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e22-02-0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The small heat shock protein HspB1, also known as Hsp25/27, is a ubiquitously expressed molecular chaperone that responds to mechanical cues. Uniaxial cyclic stretch activates the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascade and increases the phosphorylation of HspB1. Similar to the mechanosensitive cytoskeletal regulator zyxin, phospho-HspB1 is recruited to features of the stretch-stimulated actin cytoskeleton. To evaluate the role of HspB1 and its phosphoregulation in modulating cell function, we utilized CRISPR/Cas9-edited HspB1-null cells and determined they were altered in behaviors such as actin cytoskeletal remodeling, cell spreading, and cell motility. In our model system, expression of WT HspB1, but not nonphosphorylatable HspB1, rescued certain characteristics of the HspB1-null cells including the enhanced cell motility of HspB1-null cells and the deficient actin reinforcement of stretch-stimulated HspB1-null cells. The recruitment of HspB1 to high-tension structures in geometrically constrained cells, such as actin comet tails emanating from focal adhesions, also required a phosphorylatable HspB1. We show that mechanical signals activate posttranslational regulation of the molecular chaperone, HspB1, and are required for normal cell behaviors including actin cytoskeletal remodeling, cell spreading, and cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Hoffman
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112.,Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
| | | | - Mary C Beckerle
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112.,Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112.,Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
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18
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Muranova LK, Shatov VM, Slushchev AV, Gusev NB. Is the small heat shock protein HSPB7 (cvHsp) a genuine actin-binding protein? Biochimie 2022; 202:103-109. [PMID: 35977674 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
It is postulated that the small heat shock proteins directly interact with actin, affect formation and stabilize actin filaments. To verify this suggestion, we have analyzed interaction of recombinant human small heat shock protein HspB7 with skeletal muscle actin. In blot overlay HspB7 binds both G- and F-actin. The sites of interaction are located in the C-terminal large core domain of actin. In the course of ultracentrifugation F-actin and F-actin/tropomyosin complexes were pelleted and trapped HspB7. However, HspB7 pelleting was nonspecific and saturation was not achieved even at very high HspB7 concentration. HspB7 was unable to retard or prevent heat-induced F-actin aggregation. Native gel electrophoresis and chemical crosslinking failed to detect interaction of G-actin with HspB7, although both these methods clearly demonstrated formation of complexes formed by G-actin with DNAse I and cofilin-2. It is concluded that HspB7 is not a genuine actin-binding protein and its effect on actin filaments seems to be determined by interaction of HspB7 with minor regulatory proteins of actin filaments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia K Muranova
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russian Federation
| | - Vladislav M Shatov
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russian Federation
| | - Andrei V Slushchev
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russian Federation
| | - Nikolai B Gusev
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russian Federation.
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19
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Muranova LK, Shatov VM, Gusev NB. Role of Small Heat Shock Proteins in the Remodeling of Actin Microfilaments. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2022; 87:800-811. [PMID: 36171660 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297922080119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Small heat shock proteins (sHsps) play an important role in the maintenance of proteome stability and, particularly, in stabilization of the cytoskeleton and cell contractile apparatus. Cell exposure to different types of stress is accompanied by the translocation of sHsps onto actin filaments; therefore, it is commonly believed that the sHsps are true actin-binding proteins. Investigations of last years have shown that this assumption is incorrect. Stress-induced translocation of sHsp to actin filaments is not the result of direct interaction of these proteins with intact actin, but results from the chaperone-like activity of sHsps and their interaction with various actin-binding proteins. HspB1 and HspB5 interact with giant elastic proteins titin and filamin thus providing an integrity of the contractile apparatus and its proper localization in the cell. HspB6 binds to the universal adapter protein 14-3-3 and only indirectly affects the structure of actin filament. HspB7 interacts with filamin C and controls actin filament assembly. HspB8 forms tight complex with the universal regulatory and adapter protein Bag3 and participates in the chaperone-assisted selective autophagy (CASA) of actin-binding proteins (e.g., filamin), as well as in the actin-depending processes taking place in mitoses. Hence, the mechanisms of sHsp participation in the maintenance of the contractile apparatus and cytoskeleton are much more complicated and diverse than it has been postulated earlier and are not limited to direct interactions of sHsps with actin. The old hypothesis on the direct binding of sHsps to intact actin should be revised and further detailed investigation on the sHsp interaction with minor proteins participating in the formation and remodeling of actin filaments is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia K Muranova
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Vladislav M Shatov
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Nikolai B Gusev
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
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20
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Vallejo DD, Ramírez CR, Parson KF, Han Y, Gadkari VG, Ruotolo BT. Mass Spectrometry Methods for Measuring Protein Stability. Chem Rev 2022; 122:7690-7719. [PMID: 35316030 PMCID: PMC9197173 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry is a central technology in the life sciences, providing our most comprehensive account of the molecular inventory of the cell. In parallel with developments in mass spectrometry technologies targeting such assessments of cellular composition, mass spectrometry tools have emerged as versatile probes of biomolecular stability. In this review, we cover recent advancements in this branch of mass spectrometry that target proteins, a centrally important class of macromolecules that accounts for most biochemical functions and drug targets. Our efforts cover tools such as hydrogen-deuterium exchange, chemical cross-linking, ion mobility, collision induced unfolding, and other techniques capable of stability assessments on a proteomic scale. In addition, we focus on a range of application areas where mass spectrometry-driven protein stability measurements have made notable impacts, including studies of membrane proteins, heat shock proteins, amyloidogenic proteins, and biotherapeutics. We conclude by briefly discussing the future of this vibrant and fast-moving area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel D. Vallejo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Carolina Rojas Ramírez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Kristine F. Parson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Yilin Han
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Varun G. Gadkari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Brandon T. Ruotolo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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21
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Holguin BA, Hildenbrand ZL, Bernal RA. Insights Into the Role of Heat Shock Protein 27 in the Development of Neurodegeneration. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:868089. [PMID: 35431800 PMCID: PMC9005852 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.868089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Small heat shock protein 27 is a critically important chaperone, that plays a key role in several essential and varied physiological processes. These include thermotolerance, apoptosis, cytoskeletal dynamics, cell differentiation, protein folding, among others. Despite its relatively small size and intrinsically disordered termini, it forms large and polydisperse oligomers that are in equilibrium with dimers. This equilibrium is driven by transient interactions between the N-terminal region, the α-crystallin domain, and the C-terminal region. The continuous redistribution of binding partners results in a conformationally dynamic protein that allows it to adapt to different functions where substrate capture is required. However, the intrinsic disorder of the amino and carboxy terminal regions and subsequent conformational variability has made structural investigations challenging. Because heat shock protein 27 is critical for so many key cellular functions, it is not surprising that it also has been linked to human disease. Charcot-Marie-Tooth and distal hereditary motor neuropathy are examples of neurodegenerative disorders that arise from single point mutations in heat shock protein 27. The development of possible treatments, however, depends on our understanding of its normal function at the molecular level so we might be able to understand how mutations manifest as disease. This review will summarize recent reports describing investigations into the structurally elusive regions of Hsp27. Recent insights begin to provide the required context to explain the relationship between a mutation and the resulting loss or gain of function that leads to Charcot-Marie Tooth disease and distal hereditary motor neuropathy.
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22
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Tedesco B, Cristofani R, Ferrari V, Cozzi M, Rusmini P, Casarotto E, Chierichetti M, Mina F, Galbiati M, Piccolella M, Crippa V, Poletti A. Insights on Human Small Heat Shock Proteins and Their Alterations in Diseases. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:842149. [PMID: 35281256 PMCID: PMC8913478 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.842149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The family of the human small Heat Shock Proteins (HSPBs) consists of ten members of chaperones (HSPB1-HSPB10), characterized by a low molecular weight and capable of dimerization and oligomerization forming large homo- or hetero-complexes. All HSPBs possess a highly conserved centrally located α-crystallin domain and poorly conserved N- and C-terminal domains. The main feature of HSPBs is to exert cytoprotective functions by preserving proteostasis, assuring the structural maintenance of the cytoskeleton and acting in response to cellular stresses and apoptosis. HSPBs take part in cell homeostasis by acting as holdases, which is the ability to interact with a substrate preventing its aggregation. In addition, HSPBs cooperate in substrates refolding driven by other chaperones or, alternatively, promote substrate routing to degradation. Notably, while some HSPBs are ubiquitously expressed, others show peculiar tissue-specific expression. Cardiac muscle, skeletal muscle and neurons show high expression levels for a wide variety of HSPBs. Indeed, most of the mutations identified in HSPBs are associated to cardiomyopathies, myopathies, and motor neuropathies. Instead, mutations in HSPB4 and HSPB5, which are also expressed in lens, have been associated with cataract. Mutations of HSPBs family members encompass base substitutions, insertions, and deletions, resulting in single amino acid substitutions or in the generation of truncated or elongated proteins. This review will provide an updated overview of disease-related mutations in HSPBs focusing on the structural and biochemical effects of mutations and their functional consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Tedesco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - R. Cristofani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - V. Ferrari
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - M. Cozzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - P. Rusmini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - E. Casarotto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - M. Chierichetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - F. Mina
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - M. Galbiati
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - M. Piccolella
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - V. Crippa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - A. Poletti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- *Correspondence: A. Poletti,
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23
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Chen Q, Zhang W, Cai J, Ni Y, Xiao L, Zhang J. Transcriptome analysis in comparing carcass and meat quality traits of Jiaxing Black Pig and Duroc × Duroc × Berkshire × Jiaxing Black Pig crosses. Gene 2022; 808:145978. [PMID: 34592352 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
This study compares two typical strains: Chinese local excellent meat quality of Jiaxing Black (JXB) Pig and quadratic crossbred pig strain Duroc × Duroc × Berkshire × Jiaxing Black (DDBJ). It was found that between the two pig strains, carcass traits and meat quality traits differed significantly. This is exemplified by the leanness and dressing out percent of DDBJ that were significantly higher than JXB pigs of the same age (P < 0.05) and the better growth rate of DDBJ pigs as to JXB pigs was shown by quantifying muscle proliferation and differentiation of longissimus dorsi muscle employing Hematoxylin and Eosin staining of longissimus dorsi muscle. Nutrients such as inosinic acid, intramuscular fat, and free amino acids in the longissimus dorsi muscle were significantly higher in JXB pigs than DDBJ pigs (p < 0.0001); saturated fatty acids were higher in JXB than in DDBJ pigs (p = 0.0097); essential amino acids and fresh taste amino acids (serine, glutamic acid, proline, glycine, alanine) of JXB pigs was higher than that of DDBJ pigs (p < 0.0001) and amino acids in longissimus dorsi muscle of JXB pigs surpasses the amino acid concentration of DDBJ pigs (p < 0.0001), thus showing the superiority of JXB in terms of meat quality. However, the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids, which is responsible for poor meat quality, was significantly higher in the longissimus dorsi muscle of DDBJ pig than JXB pigs (p < 0.0001); RNA-seq analysis of 5 biological replicates from two of the strains was performed. The screening of 164 up-regulated genes and 183 down-regulated genes found in longissimus dorsi muscle of DDBJ was done and the results identified differentially expressed genes related to muscle development, adipogenesis, amino acid metabolism, fatty acid metabolism and inosine synthesis. In conclusion, the study identified functional genes, elucidated the mechanisms associated with carcass quality traits, meat quality traits and other related traits, and provided means of genetic enhancement to improve meat quality traits and carcass traits in Chinese commercial pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangqiang Chen
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Jianfeng Cai
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Yifan Ni
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lixia Xiao
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Jinzhi Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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24
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Lohanadan K, Molt S, Dierck F, van der Ven PFM, Frey N, Höhfeld J, Fürst DO. Isoform-specific functions of synaptopodin-2 variants in cytoskeleton stabilization and autophagy regulation in muscle under mechanical stress. Exp Cell Res 2021; 408:112865. [PMID: 34637763 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Protein homeostasis (proteostasis) in multicellular organisms depends on the maintenance of force-bearing and force-generating cellular structures. Within myofibrillar Z-discs of striated muscle, isoforms of synaptopodin-2 (SYNPO2/myopodin) act as adapter proteins that are engaged in proteostasis of the actin-crosslinking protein filamin C (FLNc) under mechanical stress. SYNPO2 directly binds F-actin, FLNc and α-actinin and thus contributes to the architectural features of the actin cytoskeleton. By its association with autophagy mediating proteins, i.e. BAG3 and VPS18, SYNPO2 is also engaged in protein quality control and helps to target mechanical unfolded and damaged FLNc for degradation. Here we show that deficiency of all SYNPO2-isoforms in myotubes leads to decreased myofibrillar stability and deregulated autophagy under mechanical stress. In addition, isoform-specific proteostasis functions were revealed. The PDZ-domain containing variant SYNPO2b and the shorter, PDZ-less isoform SYNPO2e both localize to Z-discs. Yet, SYNPO2e is less stably associated with the Z-disc than SYNPO2b, and is dynamically transferred into FLNc-containing myofibrillar lesions under mechanical stress. SYNPO2e also recruits BAG3 into these lesions via interaction with the WW domain of BAG3. Our data provide evidence for a role of myofibrillar lesions as a transient quality control compartment essential to prevent and repair contraction-induced myofibril damage in muscle and indicate an important coordinating activity for SYNPO2 therein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keerthika Lohanadan
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cell Biology, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Sibylle Molt
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cell Biology, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Franziska Dierck
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Peter F M van der Ven
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cell Biology, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Norbert Frey
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jörg Höhfeld
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cell Biology, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Dieter O Fürst
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cell Biology, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany.
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25
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Roman W, Pinheiro H, Pimentel MR, Segalés J, Oliveira LM, García-Domínguez E, Gómez-Cabrera MC, Serrano AL, Gomes ER, Muñoz-Cánoves P. Muscle repair after physiological damage relies on nuclear migration for cellular reconstruction. Science 2021; 374:355-359. [PMID: 34648328 DOI: 10.1126/science.abe5620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- William Roman
- Department of Experimental & Health Sciences, University Pompeu Fabra, CIBERNED, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Helena Pinheiro
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Mafalda R Pimentel
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Jessica Segalés
- Department of Experimental & Health Sciences, University Pompeu Fabra, CIBERNED, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis M Oliveira
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Esther García-Domínguez
- FreshAge Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, CIBERFES, Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico Universitario/INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Mari Carmen Gómez-Cabrera
- FreshAge Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, CIBERFES, Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico Universitario/INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Antonio L Serrano
- Department of Experimental & Health Sciences, University Pompeu Fabra, CIBERNED, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Edgar R Gomes
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Pura Muñoz-Cánoves
- Department of Experimental & Health Sciences, University Pompeu Fabra, CIBERNED, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.,Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, 28019 Madrid, Spain.,ICREA, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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26
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Agarwal R, Paulo JA, Toepfer CN, Ewoldt JK, Sundaram S, Chopra A, Zhang Q, Gorham J, DePalma SR, Chen CS, Gygi SP, Seidman CE, Seidman JG. Filamin C Cardiomyopathy Variants Cause Protein and Lysosome Accumulation. Circ Res 2021; 129:751-766. [PMID: 34405687 PMCID: PMC9053646 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.120.317076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhika Agarwal
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joao A. Paulo
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Christopher N. Toepfer
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Jourdan K. Ewoldt
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Subramanian Sundaram
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Anant Chopra
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joshua Gorham
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Steven R. DePalma
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Christopher S. Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Steven P. Gygi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Christine E. Seidman
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - J. G. Seidman
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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27
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Abstract
Cardiomyopathy affects approximately 1 in 500 adults and is the leading cause of death. Familial cases are common, and mutations in many genes are involved in cardiomyopathy, especially those in genes encoding cytoskeletal, sarcomere, and nuclear envelope proteins. Filamin C is an actin-binding protein encoded by filamin C (FLNC) gene and participates in sarcomere stability maintenance. FLNC was first demonstrated to be a causal gene of myofibrillar myopathy; recently, it has been found that FLNC mutation plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of cardiomyopathy. In this review, we summarized the physiological roles of filamin C in cardiomyocytes and the genetic evidence for links between FLNC mutations and cardiomyopathies. Truncated FLNC is enriched in dilated cardiomyopathy and arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy. Non-truncated FLNC is enriched in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and restrictive cardiomyopathy. Two major pathomechanisms in FLNC-related cardiomyopathy have been described: protein aggregation resulting from non-truncating mutations and haploinsufficiency triggered by filamin C truncation. Therefore, it is important to understand the cellular biology and molecular regulation of FLNC to design new therapies to treat patients with FLNC-related cardiomyopathy.
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28
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Günay KA, Silver JS, Chang TL, Bednarski OJ, Bannister KL, Rogowski CJ, Olwin BB, Anseth KS. Myoblast mechanotransduction and myotube morphology is dependent on BAG3 regulation of YAP and TAZ. Biomaterials 2021; 277:121097. [PMID: 34481290 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle tissue is mechanically dynamic with changes in stiffness influencing function, maintenance, and regeneration. We modeled skeletal muscle mechanical changes in culture with dynamically stiffening hydrogels demonstrating that the chaperone protein BAG3 transduces matrix stiffness by redistributing YAP and TAZ subcellular localization in muscle progenitor cells. BAG3 depletion increases cytoplasmic retention of YAP and TAZ, desensitizing myoblasts to changes in hydrogel elastic moduli. Upon differentiation, muscle progenitors depleted of BAG3 formed enlarged, round myotubes lacking the typical cylindrical morphology. The aberrant morphology is dependent on YAP/TAZ signaling, which was sequestered in the cytoplasm in BAG3-depleted myotubes but predominately nuclear in cylindrical myotubes of control cells. Control progenitor cells induced to differentiate on soft (E' = 4 and 12 kPa) hydrogels formed circular myotubes similar to those observed in BAG3-depleted cells. Inhibition of the Hippo pathway partially restored myotube morphologies, permitting nuclear translocation of YAP and TAZ in BAG3-depleted myogenic progenitors. Thus, BAG3 is a critical mediator of dynamic stiffness changes in muscle tissue, coupling mechanical alterations to intracellular signals and inducing changes in gene expression that influence muscle progenitor cell morphology and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Arda Günay
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA; BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Jason S Silver
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA; BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA; Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Tze-Ling Chang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA; BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Olivia J Bednarski
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA; BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Kendra L Bannister
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA; BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Cameron J Rogowski
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA; BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Bradley B Olwin
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA; Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA.
| | - Kristi S Anseth
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA; BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA.
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29
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Gonçalves CC, Sharon I, Schmeing TM, Ramos CHI, Young JC. The chaperone HSPB1 prepares protein aggregates for resolubilization by HSP70. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17139. [PMID: 34429462 PMCID: PMC8384840 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96518-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In human cells under stress conditions, misfolded polypeptides can form potentially cytotoxic insoluble aggregates. To eliminate aggregates, the HSP70 chaperone machinery extracts and resolubilizes polypeptides for triage to refolding or degradation. Yeast and bacterial chaperones of the small heat-shock protein (sHSP) family can bind substrates at early stages of misfolding, during the aggregation process. The co-aggregated sHSPs then facilitate downstream disaggregation by HSP70. Because it is unknown whether a human sHSP has this activity, we investigated the disaggregation role of human HSPB1. HSPB1 co-aggregated with unfolded protein substrates, firefly luciferase and mammalian lactate dehydrogenase. The co-aggregates formed with HSPB1 were smaller and more regularly shaped than those formed in its absence. Importantly, co-aggregation promoted the efficient disaggregation and refolding of the substrates, led by HSP70. HSPB1 itself was also extracted during disaggregation, and its homo-oligomerization ability was not required. Therefore, we propose that a human sHSP is an integral part of the chaperone network for protein disaggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conrado C Gonçalves
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler, Room 900, Montreal, QC, H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Itai Sharon
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, 3649 Promenade Sir William Osler, Room 457, Montreal, QC, H3G 0B1, Canada
| | - T Martin Schmeing
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, 3649 Promenade Sir William Osler, Room 457, Montreal, QC, H3G 0B1, Canada
| | - Carlos H I Ramos
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Jason C Young
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler, Room 900, Montreal, QC, H3G 1Y6, Canada.
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30
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Höhfeld J, Benzing T, Bloch W, Fürst DO, Gehlert S, Hesse M, Hoffmann B, Hoppe T, Huesgen PF, Köhn M, Kolanus W, Merkel R, Niessen CM, Pokrzywa W, Rinschen MM, Wachten D, Warscheid B. Maintaining proteostasis under mechanical stress. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e52507. [PMID: 34309183 PMCID: PMC8339670 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202152507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell survival, tissue integrity and organismal health depend on the ability to maintain functional protein networks even under conditions that threaten protein integrity. Protection against such stress conditions involves the adaptation of folding and degradation machineries, which help to preserve the protein network by facilitating the refolding or disposal of damaged proteins. In multicellular organisms, cells are permanently exposed to stress resulting from mechanical forces. Yet, for long time mechanical stress was not recognized as a primary stressor that perturbs protein structure and threatens proteome integrity. The identification and characterization of protein folding and degradation systems, which handle force-unfolded proteins, marks a turning point in this regard. It has become apparent that mechanical stress protection operates during cell differentiation, adhesion and migration and is essential for maintaining tissues such as skeletal muscle, heart and kidney as well as the immune system. Here, we provide an overview of recent advances in our understanding of mechanical stress protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Höhfeld
- Institute for Cell BiologyRheinische Friedrich‐Wilhelms University BonnBonnGermany
| | - Thomas Benzing
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC)University of CologneCologneGermany
| | - Wilhelm Bloch
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports MedicineGerman Sport UniversityCologneGermany
| | - Dieter O Fürst
- Institute for Cell BiologyRheinische Friedrich‐Wilhelms University BonnBonnGermany
| | - Sebastian Gehlert
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports MedicineGerman Sport UniversityCologneGermany
- Department for the Biosciences of SportsInstitute of Sports ScienceUniversity of HildesheimHildesheimGermany
| | - Michael Hesse
- Institute of Physiology I, Life & Brain CenterMedical FacultyRheinische Friedrich‐Wilhelms UniversityBonnGermany
| | - Bernd Hoffmann
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, IBI‐2: MechanobiologyForschungszentrum JülichJülichGermany
| | - Thorsten Hoppe
- Institute for GeneticsCologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging‐Associated Diseases (CECAD) and CMMCUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
| | - Pitter F Huesgen
- Central Institute for Engineering, Electronics and Analytics, ZEA3Forschungszentrum JülichJülichGermany
- CECADUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
| | - Maja Köhn
- Institute of Biology IIIFaculty of Biology, and Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSSAlbert‐Ludwigs‐University FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Waldemar Kolanus
- LIMES‐InstituteRheinische Friedrich‐Wilhelms University BonnBonnGermany
| | - Rudolf Merkel
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, IBI‐2: MechanobiologyForschungszentrum JülichJülichGermany
| | - Carien M Niessen
- Department of Dermatology and CECADUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
| | | | - Markus M Rinschen
- Department of Biomedicine and Aarhus Institute of Advanced StudiesAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
- Department of MedicineUniversity Medical Center Hamburg‐EppendorfHamburgGermany
| | - Dagmar Wachten
- Institute of Innate ImmunityUniversity Hospital BonnBonnGermany
| | - Bettina Warscheid
- Institute of Biology IIFaculty of Biology, and Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSSAlbert‐Ludwigs‐University FreiburgFreiburgGermany
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31
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Wu D, Robinson CV. Connecting ‘multi-omics’ approaches to endogenous protein complexes. TRENDS IN CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trechm.2021.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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32
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Structural basis of substrate recognition and thermal protection by a small heat shock protein. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3007. [PMID: 34021140 PMCID: PMC8140096 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23338-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Small heat shock proteins (sHsps) bind unfolding proteins, thereby playing a pivotal role in the maintenance of proteostasis in virtually all living organisms. Structural elucidation of sHsp-substrate complexes has been hampered by the transient and heterogeneous nature of their interactions, and the precise mechanisms underlying substrate recognition, promiscuity, and chaperone activity of sHsps remain unclear. Here we show the formation of a stable complex between Arabidopsis thaliana plastid sHsp, Hsp21, and its natural substrate 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase (DXPS) under heat stress, and report cryo-electron microscopy structures of Hsp21, DXPS and Hsp21-DXPS complex at near-atomic resolution. Monomeric Hsp21 binds across the dimer interface of DXPS and engages in multivalent interactions by recognizing highly dynamic structural elements in DXPS. Hsp21 partly unfolds its central α-crystallin domain to facilitate binding of DXPS, which preserves a native-like structure. This mode of interaction suggests a mechanism of sHsps anti-aggregation activity towards a broad range of substrates.
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33
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Dyson HJ, Wright PE. NMR illuminates intrinsic disorder. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2021; 70:44-52. [PMID: 33951592 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2021.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) has long been instrumental in the characterization of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) and intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs). This method continues to offer rich insights into the nature of IDPs in solution, especially in combination with other biophysical methods such as small-angle scattering, single-molecule fluorescence, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and mass spectrometry. Substantial advances have been made in recent years in studies of proteins containing both ordered and disordered domains and in the characterization of problematic sequences containing repeated tracts of a single or a few amino acids. These sequences are relevant to disease states such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases, where disordered proteins misfold into harmful amyloid. Innovative applications of NMR are providing novel insights into mechanisms of protein aggregation and the complexity of IDP interactions with their targets. As a basis for understanding the solution structural ensembles, dynamic behavior, and functional mechanisms of IDPs and IDRs, NMR continues to prove invaluable.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Jane Dyson
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology and Skaggs Institute of Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, 92037, California, USA
| | - Peter E Wright
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology and Skaggs Institute of Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, 92037, California, USA.
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Reid Alderson T, Adriaenssens E, Asselbergh B, Pritišanac I, Van Lent J, Gastall HY, Wälti MA, Louis JM, Timmerman V, Baldwin AJ, LP Benesch J. A weakened interface in the P182L variant of HSP27 associated with severe Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy causes aberrant binding to interacting proteins. EMBO J 2021; 40:e103811. [PMID: 33644875 PMCID: PMC8047445 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2019103811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
HSP27 is a human molecular chaperone that forms large, dynamic oligomers and functions in many aspects of cellular homeostasis. Mutations in HSP27 cause Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease, the most common inherited disorder of the peripheral nervous system. A particularly severe form of CMT disease is triggered by the P182L mutation in the highly conserved IxI/V motif of the disordered C-terminal region, which interacts weakly with the structured core domain of HSP27. Here, we observed that the P182L mutation disrupts the chaperone activity and significantly increases the size of HSP27 oligomers formed in vivo, including in motor neurons differentiated from CMT patient-derived stem cells. Using NMR spectroscopy, we determined that the P182L mutation decreases the affinity of the HSP27 IxI/V motif for its own core domain, leaving this binding site more accessible for other IxI/V-containing proteins. We identified multiple IxI/V-bearing proteins that bind with higher affinity to the P182L variant due to the increased availability of the IxI/V-binding site. Our results provide a mechanistic basis for the impact of the P182L mutation on HSP27 and suggest that the IxI/V motif plays an important, regulatory role in modulating protein-protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Reid Alderson
- Chemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Laboratory of Chemical PhysicsNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
- Present address:
Department of BiochemistryTorontoONCanada
| | - Elias Adriaenssens
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research GroupDepartment of Biomedical SciencesInstitute Born BungeUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpenBelgium
| | - Bob Asselbergh
- Neuromics Support FacilityVIB Center for Molecular NeurologyVIBAntwerpenBelgium
- Neuromics Support Facility, Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
| | - Iva Pritišanac
- Molecular Medicine ProgramThe Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoONCanada
| | - Jonas Van Lent
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research GroupDepartment of Biomedical SciencesInstitute Born BungeUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpenBelgium
| | | | - Marielle A Wälti
- Laboratory of Chemical PhysicsNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - John M Louis
- Laboratory of Chemical PhysicsNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Vincent Timmerman
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research GroupDepartment of Biomedical SciencesInstitute Born BungeUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpenBelgium
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35
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Mishra S, Dunkerly-Eyring BL, Keceli G, Ranek MJ. Phosphorylation Modifications Regulating Cardiac Protein Quality Control Mechanisms. Front Physiol 2020; 11:593585. [PMID: 33281625 PMCID: PMC7689282 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.593585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Many forms of cardiac disease, including heart failure, present with inadequate protein quality control (PQC). Pathological conditions often involve impaired removal of terminally misfolded proteins. This results in the formation of large protein aggregates, which further reduce cellular viability and cardiac function. Cardiomyocytes have an intricately collaborative PQC system to minimize cellular proteotoxicity. Increased expression of chaperones or enhanced clearance of misfolded proteins either by the proteasome or lysosome has been demonstrated to attenuate disease pathogenesis, whereas reduced PQC exacerbates pathogenesis. Recent studies have revealed that phosphorylation of key proteins has a potent regulatory role, both promoting and hindering the PQC machinery. This review highlights the recent advances in phosphorylations regulating PQC, the impact in cardiac pathology, and the therapeutic opportunities presented by harnessing these modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumita Mishra
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Brittany L Dunkerly-Eyring
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Gizem Keceli
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Mark J Ranek
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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36
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Vikhorev PG, Vikhoreva NN, Yeung W, Li A, Lal S, dos Remedios CG, Blair CA, Guglin M, Campbell KS, Yacoub MH, de Tombe P, Marston SB. Titin-truncating mutations associated with dilated cardiomyopathy alter length-dependent activation and its modulation via phosphorylation. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 118:241-253. [PMID: 33135063 PMCID: PMC8752363 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Aims
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is associated with mutations in many genes encoding sarcomere proteins. Truncating mutations in the titin gene TTN are the most frequent. Proteomic and functional characterizations are required to elucidate the origin of the disease and the pathogenic mechanisms of TTN-truncating variants.
Methods and results
We isolated myofibrils from DCM hearts carrying truncating TTN mutations and measured the Ca2+ sensitivity of force and its length dependence. Simultaneous measurement of force and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) consumption in skinned cardiomyocytes was also performed. Phosphorylation levels of troponin I (TnI) and myosin binding protein-C (MyBP-C) were manipulated using protein kinase A and λ phosphatase. mRNA sequencing was employed to overview gene expression profiles. We found that Ca2+ sensitivity of myofibrils carrying TTN mutations was significantly higher than in myofibrils from donor hearts. The length dependence of the Ca2+ sensitivity was absent in DCM myofibrils with TTN-truncating variants. No significant difference was found in the expression level of TTN mRNA between the DCM and donor groups. TTN exon usage and splicing were also similar. However, we identified down-regulation of genes encoding Z-disk proteins, while the atrial-specific regulatory myosin light chain gene, MYL7, was up-regulated in DCM patients with TTN-truncating variants.
Conclusion
Titin-truncating mutations lead to decreased length-dependent activation and increased elasticity of myofibrils. Phosphorylation levels of TnI and MyBP-C seen in the left ventricles are essential for the length-dependent changes in Ca2+ sensitivity in healthy donors, but they are reduced in DCM patients with TTN-truncating variants. A decrease in expression of Z-disk proteins may explain the observed decrease in myofibril passive stiffness and length-dependent activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr G Vikhorev
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Natalia N Vikhoreva
- Heart Science Centre, Magdi Yacoub Institute, Harefield Hospital, London UB9 6JH, UK
| | - WaiChun Yeung
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Amy Li
- Department of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, La Trobe University, Bendigo, VIC 3550, Australia
| | - Sean Lal
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Cristobal G dos Remedios
- Division of Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Cheavar A Blair
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Maya Guglin
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Kenneth S Campbell
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Magdi H Yacoub
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Pieter de Tombe
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
- Heart Science Centre, Magdi Yacoub Institute, Harefield Hospital, London UB9 6JH, UK
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Steven B Marston
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
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Under construction: The dynamic assembly, maintenance, and degradation of the cardiac sarcomere. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2020; 148:89-102. [PMID: 32920010 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2020.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The sarcomere is the basic contractile unit of striated muscle and is a highly ordered protein complex with the actin and myosin filaments at its core. Assembling the sarcomere constituents into this organized structure in development, and with muscle growth as new sarcomeres are built, is a complex process coordinated by numerous factors. Once assembled, the sarcomere requires constant maintenance as its continuous contraction is accompanied by elevated mechanical, thermal, and oxidative stress, which predispose proteins to misfolding and toxic aggregation. To prevent protein misfolding and maintain sarcomere integrity, the sarcomere is monitored by an assortment of protein quality control (PQC) mechanisms. The need for effective PQC is heightened in cardiomyocytes which are terminally differentiated and must survive for many years while preserving optimal mechanical output. To prevent toxic protein aggregation, molecular chaperones stabilize denatured sarcomere proteins and promote their refolding. However, when old and misfolded proteins cannot be salvaged by chaperones, they must be recycled via degradation pathways: the calpain and ubiquitin-proteasome systems, which operate under basal conditions, and the stress-responsive autophagy-lysosome pathway. Mutations to and deficiency of the molecular chaperones and associated factors charged with sarcomere maintenance commonly lead to sarcomere structural disarray and the progression of heart disease, highlighting the necessity of effective sarcomere PQC for maintaining cardiac function. This review focuses on the dynamic regulation of assembly and turnover at the sarcomere with an emphasis on the chaperones involved in these processes and describes the alterations to chaperones - through mutations and deficient expression - implicated in disease progression to heart failure.
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38
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Proteinaceous Transformers: Structural and Functional Variability of Human sHsps. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155448. [PMID: 32751672 PMCID: PMC7432308 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The proteostasis network allows organisms to support and regulate the life cycle of proteins. Especially regarding stress, molecular chaperones represent the main players within this network. Small heat shock proteins (sHsps) are a diverse family of ATP-independent molecular chaperones acting as the first line of defense in many stress situations. Thereby, the promiscuous interaction of sHsps with substrate proteins results in complexes from which the substrates can be refolded by ATP-dependent chaperones. Particularly in vertebrates, sHsps are linked to a broad variety of diseases and are needed to maintain the refractive index of the eye lens. A striking key characteristic of sHsps is their existence in ensembles of oligomers with varying numbers of subunits. The respective dynamics of these molecules allow the exchange of subunits and the formation of hetero-oligomers. Additionally, these dynamics are closely linked to the chaperone activity of sHsps. In current models a shift in the equilibrium of the sHsp ensemble allows regulation of the chaperone activity, whereby smaller oligomers are commonly the more active species. Different triggers reversibly change the oligomer equilibrium and regulate the activity of sHsps. However, a finite availability of high-resolution structures of sHsps still limits a detailed mechanistic understanding of their dynamics and the correlating recognition of substrate proteins. Here we summarize recent advances in understanding the structural and functional relationships of human sHsps with a focus on the eye-lens αA- and αB-crystallins.
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39
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Klevit RE. Peeking from behind the veil of enigma: emerging insights on small heat shock protein structure and function. Cell Stress Chaperones 2020; 25:573-580. [PMID: 32270443 PMCID: PMC7332599 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-020-01092-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This is a short paper on new ways to think about the structure and function of small heat shock proteins (sHSPs), perhaps the most enigmatic family among protein chaperones. The goal is to incorporate new observations regarding the disordered regions of small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) into the large body of structural information on the conserved structural alpha-crystallin domains (ACD) that define the sHSP family. Disordered regions (N-terminal region and C-terminal region or NTR and CTR, respectively) represent over 50% of the sHSP sequence space in the human genome and are refractory to traditional structural biology approaches, posing a roadblock on the path towards a mechanistic understanding of how sHSPs function. A model in which an ACD dimer serves as a template that presents three grooves into which other proteins or other segments of sHSPs can bind is presented. Short segments within the disordered regions are observed to bind into the ACD grooves. There are more binding segments than there are grooves, and each binding event is weak and transient, creating a dynamic equilibrium of tethered and untethered disordered regions. The ability of an NTR to be in dynamic equilibrium between tethered/sequestered and untethered states suggests several mechanistic alternatives that need not be mutually exclusive. New ways of thinking about (and approaching) the intrinsic properties of sHSPs may finally allow the veil of enigma to be removed from sHSPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E Klevit
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
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40
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Collier MP, Benesch JLP. Small heat-shock proteins and their role in mechanical stress. Cell Stress Chaperones 2020; 25:601-613. [PMID: 32253742 PMCID: PMC7332611 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-020-01095-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of cells to respond to stress is central to health. Stress can damage folded proteins, which are vulnerable to even minor changes in cellular conditions. To maintain proteostasis, cells have developed an intricate network in which molecular chaperones are key players. The small heat-shock proteins (sHSPs) are a widespread family of molecular chaperones, and some sHSPs are prominent in muscle, where cells and proteins must withstand high levels of applied force. sHSPs have long been thought to act as general interceptors of protein aggregation. However, evidence is accumulating that points to a more specific role for sHSPs in protecting proteins from mechanical stress. Here, we briefly introduce the sHSPs and outline the evidence for their role in responses to mechanical stress. We suggest that sHSPs interact with mechanosensitive proteins to regulate physiological extension and contraction cycles. It is likely that further study of these interactions - enabled by the development of experimental methodologies that allow protein contacts to be studied under the application of mechanical force - will expand our understanding of the activity and functions of sHSPs, and of the roles played by chaperones in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda P Collier
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, 318 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Justin L P Benesch
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
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41
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Alderson TR, Ying J, Bax A, Benesch JLP, Baldwin AJ. Conditional Disorder in Small Heat-shock Proteins. J Mol Biol 2020; 432:3033-3049. [PMID: 32081587 PMCID: PMC7245567 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2020.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Small heat-shock proteins (sHSPs) are molecular chaperones that respond to cellular stresses to combat protein aggregation. HSP27 is a critical human sHSP that forms large, dynamic oligomers whose quaternary structures and chaperone activities depend on environmental factors. Upon exposure to cellular stresses, such as heat shock or acidosis, HSP27 oligomers can dissociate into dimers and monomers, which leads to significantly enhanced chaperone activity. The structured core of the protein, the α-crystallin domain (ACD), forms dimers and can prevent the aggregation of substrate proteins to a similar degree as the full-length protein. When the ACD dimer dissociates into monomers, it partially unfolds and exhibits enhanced activity. Here, we used solution-state NMR spectroscopy to characterize the structure and dynamics of the HSP27 ACD monomer. Web show that the monomer is stabilized at low pH and that its backbone chemical shifts, 15N relaxation rates, and 1H-15N residual dipolar couplings suggest structural changes and rapid motions in the region responsible for dimerization. By analyzing the solvent accessible and buried surface areas of sHSP structures in the context of a database of dimers that are known to dissociate into disordered monomers, we predict that ACD dimers from sHSPs across all kingdoms of life may partially unfold upon dissociation. We propose a general model in which conditional disorder-the partial unfolding of ACDs upon monomerization-is a common mechanism for sHSP activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Reid Alderson
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, UK; Laboratory of Chemical Physics, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jinfa Ying
- Laboratory of Chemical Physics, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Ad Bax
- Laboratory of Chemical Physics, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Justin L P Benesch
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, UK.
| | - Andrew J Baldwin
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, UK.
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42
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Structure and Function of Filamin C in the Muscle Z-Disc. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082696. [PMID: 32295012 PMCID: PMC7216277 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Filamin C (FLNC) is one of three filamin proteins (Filamin A (FLNA), Filamin B (FLNB), and FLNC) that cross-link actin filaments and interact with numerous binding partners. FLNC consists of a N-terminal actin-binding domain followed by 24 immunoglobulin-like repeats with two intervening calpain-sensitive hinges separating R15 and R16 (hinge 1) and R23 and R24 (hinge-2). The FLNC subunit is dimerized through R24 and calpain cleaves off the dimerization domain to regulate mobility of the FLNC subunit. FLNC is localized in the Z-disc due to the unique insertion of 82 amino acid residues in repeat 20 and necessary for normal Z-disc formation that connect sarcomeres. Since phosphorylation of FLNC by PKC diminishes the calpain sensitivity, assembly, and disassembly of the Z-disc may be regulated by phosphorylation of FLNC. Mutations of FLNC result in cardiomyopathy and muscle weakness. Although this review will focus on the current understanding of FLNC structure and functions in muscle, we will also discuss other filamins because they share high sequence similarity and are better characterized. We will also discuss a possible role of FLNC as a mechanosensor during muscle contraction.
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43
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Verdonschot JAJ, Vanhoutte EK, Claes GRF, Helderman-van den Enden ATJM, Hoeijmakers JGJ, Hellebrekers DMEI, de Haan A, Christiaans I, Lekanne Deprez RH, Boen HM, van Craenenbroeck EM, Loeys BL, Hoedemaekers YM, Marcelis C, Kempers M, Brusse E, van Waning JI, Baas AF, Dooijes D, Asselbergs FW, Barge-Schaapveld DQCM, Koopman P, van den Wijngaard A, Heymans SRB, Krapels IPC, Brunner HG. A mutation update for the FLNC gene in myopathies and cardiomyopathies. Hum Mutat 2020; 41:1091-1111. [PMID: 32112656 PMCID: PMC7318287 DOI: 10.1002/humu.24004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Filamin C (FLNC) variants are associated with cardiac and muscular phenotypes. Originally, FLNC variants were described in myofibrillar myopathy (MFM) patients. Later, high‐throughput screening in cardiomyopathy cohorts determined a prominent role for FLNC in isolated hypertrophic and dilated cardiomyopathies (HCM and DCM). FLNC variants are now among the more prevalent causes of genetic DCM. FLNC‐associated DCM is associated with a malignant clinical course and a high risk of sudden cardiac death. The clinical spectrum of FLNC suggests different pathomechanisms related to variant types and their location in the gene. The appropriate functioning of FLNC is crucial for structural integrity and cell signaling of the sarcomere. The secondary protein structure of FLNC is critical to ensure this function. Truncating variants with subsequent haploinsufficiency are associated with DCM and cardiac arrhythmias. Interference with the dimerization and folding of the protein leads to aggregate formation detrimental for muscle function, as found in HCM and MFM. Variants associated with HCM are predominantly missense variants, which cluster in the ROD2 domain. This domain is important for binding to the sarcomere and to ensure appropriate cell signaling. We here review FLNC genotype–phenotype correlations based on available evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Job A J Verdonschot
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Els K Vanhoutte
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Godelieve R F Claes
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Debby M E I Hellebrekers
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Amber de Haan
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Imke Christiaans
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Genetics, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald H Lekanne Deprez
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hanne M Boen
- Department of Cardiology, Antwerp University Hospital, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Bart L Loeys
- Department of Medical Genetics, Antwerp University Hospital, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Yvonne M Hoedemaekers
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Carlo Marcelis
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marlies Kempers
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Esther Brusse
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap I van Waning
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Cardiology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Annette F Baas
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Dennis Dooijes
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Folkert W Asselbergs
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Arthur van den Wijngaard
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Stephane R B Heymans
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Centre for Molecular and Vascular Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,The Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ingrid P C Krapels
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Han G Brunner
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, GROW Institute for Developmental Biology and Cancer, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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44
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Neuromuscular Diseases Due to Chaperone Mutations: A Review and Some New Results. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041409. [PMID: 32093037 PMCID: PMC7073051 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle and the nervous system depend on efficient protein quality control, and they express chaperones and cochaperones at high levels to maintain protein homeostasis. Mutations in many of these proteins cause neuromuscular diseases, myopathies, and hereditary motor and sensorimotor neuropathies. In this review, we cover mutations in DNAJB6, DNAJB2, αB-crystallin (CRYAB, HSPB5), HSPB1, HSPB3, HSPB8, and BAG3, and discuss the molecular mechanisms by which they cause neuromuscular disease. In addition, previously unpublished results are presented, showing downstream effects of BAG3 p.P209L on DNAJB6 turnover and localization.
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45
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Baughman HER, Pham THT, Adams CS, Nath A, Klevit RE. Release of a disordered domain enhances HspB1 chaperone activity toward tau. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:2923-2929. [PMID: 31974309 PMCID: PMC7022203 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1915099117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) are a class of ATP-independent molecular chaperones that play vital roles in maintaining protein solubility and preventing aberrant protein aggregation. They form highly dynamic, polydisperse oligomeric ensembles and contain long intrinsically disordered regions. Experimental challenges posed by these properties have greatly impeded our understanding of sHSP structure and mechanism of action. Here we characterize interactions between the human sHSP HspB1 (Hsp27) and microtubule-associated protein tau, which is implicated in multiple dementias, including Alzheimer's disease. We show that tau binds both to a well-known binding groove within the structured alpha-crystallin domain (ACD) and to sites within the enigmatic, disordered N-terminal region (NTR) of HspB1. However, only interactions involving the NTR lead to productive chaperone activity, whereas ACD binding is uncorrelated with chaperone function. The tau-binding groove in the ACD also binds short hydrophobic regions within HspB1 itself, and HspB1 mutations that disrupt these intrinsic ACD-NTR interactions greatly enhance chaperone activity toward tau. This leads to a mechanism in which the release of the disordered NTR from a binding groove on the ACD enhances chaperone activity toward tau. The study advances understanding of the mechanisms by which sHSPs achieve their chaperone activity against amyloid-forming clients and how cells defend against pathological tau aggregation. Furthermore, the resulting mechanistic model points to ways in which sHSP chaperone activity may be increased, either by native factors within the cell or by therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah E R Baughman
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Thanh-Hau T Pham
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Chloe S Adams
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Abhinav Nath
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Rachel E Klevit
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195;
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Clouser AF, Baughman HER, Basanta B, Guttman M, Nath A, Klevit RE. Interplay of disordered and ordered regions of a human small heat shock protein yields an ensemble of 'quasi-ordered' states. eLife 2019; 8:e50259. [PMID: 31573509 PMCID: PMC6791718 DOI: 10.7554/elife.50259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) are nature's 'first responders' to cellular stress, interacting with affected proteins to prevent their aggregation. Little is known about sHSP structure beyond its structured α-crystallin domain (ACD), which is flanked by disordered regions. In the human sHSP HSPB1, the disordered N-terminal region (NTR) represents nearly 50% of the sequence. Here, we present a hybrid approach involving NMR, hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry, and modeling to provide the first residue-level characterization of the NTR. The results support a model in which multiple grooves on the ACD interact with specific NTR regions, creating an ensemble of 'quasi-ordered' NTR states that can give rise to the known heterogeneity and plasticity of HSPB1. Phosphorylation-dependent interactions inform a mechanism by which HSPB1 is activated under stress conditions. Additionally, we examine the effects of disease-associated NTR mutations on HSPB1 structure and dynamics, leveraging our emerging structural insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda F Clouser
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Hannah ER Baughman
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
- Department of Medicinal ChemistryUniversity of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Benjamin Basanta
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Miklos Guttman
- Department of Medicinal ChemistryUniversity of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Abhinav Nath
- Department of Medicinal ChemistryUniversity of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Rachel E Klevit
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
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