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Kulkarni SS, Wang CC, Sabbavarapu NM, Podilapu AR, Liao PH, Hung SC. "One-Pot" Protection, Glycosylation, and Protection-Glycosylation Strategies of Carbohydrates. Chem Rev 2018; 118:8025-8104. [PMID: 29870239 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrates, which are ubiquitously distributed throughout the three domains of life, play significant roles in a variety of vital biological processes. Access to unique and homogeneous carbohydrate materials is important to understand their physical properties, biological functions, and disease-related features. It is difficult to isolate carbohydrates in acceptable purity and amounts from natural sources. Therefore, complex saccharides with well-defined structures are often most conviently accessed through chemical syntheses. Two major hurdles, regioselective protection and stereoselective glycosylation, are faced by carbohydrate chemists in synthesizing these highly complicated molecules. Over the past few years, there has been a radical change in tackling these problems and speeding up the synthesis of oligosaccharides. This is largely due to the development of one-pot protection, one-pot glycosylation, and one-pot protection-glycosylation protocols and streamlined approaches to orthogonally protected building blocks, including those from rare sugars, that can be used in glycan coupling. In addition, new automated strategies for oligosaccharide syntheses have been reported not only for program-controlled assembly on solid support but also by the stepwise glycosylation in solution phase. As a result, various sugar molecules with highly complex, large structures could be successfully synthesized. To summarize these recent advances, this review describes the methodologies for one-pot protection and their one-pot glycosylation into the complex glycans and the chronological developments associated with automated syntheses of oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvarn S Kulkarni
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Bombay , Mumbai 400076 , India
| | | | | | - Ananda Rao Podilapu
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Bombay , Mumbai 400076 , India
| | - Pin-Hsuan Liao
- Institute of Chemistry , Academia Sinica , Taipei 115 , Taiwan
| | - Shang-Cheng Hung
- Genomics Research Center , Academia Sinica , Taipei 115 , Taiwan
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Trost BM, Sharif EU, Cregg JJ. Ru-catalyzed sequence for the synthesis of cyclic amido-ethers. Chem Sci 2017; 8:770-774. [PMID: 28451225 PMCID: PMC5299796 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc02849g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Efficient synthesis of versatile building blocks for enabling medicinal chemistry research has always challenged synthetic chemists to develop innovative methods. Of particular interest are the methods that are amenable to the synthesis of chemically distinct and diverse classes of pharmaceutically relevant motifs. Herein we report a general method for the one-pot synthesis of cyclic α-amido-ethers containing different amide functionalities including lactams, tetramic acids and amino acids. For the incorporation of the nucleotide bases, a chemo and regioselective palladium-catalyzed transformation has been developed, providing rapid access to nucleoside analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry M Trost
- Department of Chemistry , Stanford University , 333 Campus Dr. , Stanford , CA 94035 , USA .
| | - Ehesan U Sharif
- Department of Chemistry , Stanford University , 333 Campus Dr. , Stanford , CA 94035 , USA .
| | - James J Cregg
- Department of Chemistry , Stanford University , 333 Campus Dr. , Stanford , CA 94035 , USA .
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Zhou L, Tay DW, Chen J, Leung GYC, Yeung YY. Enantioselective synthesis of 2-substituted and 3-substituted piperidines through a bromoaminocyclization process. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 49:4412-4. [PMID: 23072774 DOI: 10.1039/c2cc36578b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A catalytic enantioselective bromocyclization of olefinic amides using amino-thiocarbamates as the catalysts has been developed. The resulting enantioenriched 2-substituted 3-bromopiperidines can readily be transformed to 3-substituted piperidines through a silver salt-mediated rearrangement. This process has been applied to the synthesis of a dopaminergic drug, Preclamol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, NUS, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore11754
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Girling PR, Kiyoi T, Whiting A. Mannich–Michael versus formal aza-Diels–Alder approaches to piperidine derivatives. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:3105-21. [DOI: 10.1039/c0ob00996b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Conroy T, Jolliffe KA, Payne RJ. Synthesis of N-linked glycopeptides via solid-phase aspartylation. Org Biomol Chem 2010; 8:3723-33. [DOI: 10.1039/c003673k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Rosen BM, Wilson CJ, Wilson DA, Peterca M, Imam MR, Percec V. Dendron-Mediated Self-Assembly, Disassembly, and Self-Organization of Complex Systems. Chem Rev 2009; 109:6275-540. [DOI: 10.1021/cr900157q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1066] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brad M. Rosen
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323
| | - Christopher J. Wilson
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323
| | - Daniela A. Wilson
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323
| | - Mihai Peterca
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323
| | - Mohammad R. Imam
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323
| | - Virgil Percec
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323
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Wang LX. Chemoenzymatic synthesis of glycopeptides and glycoproteins through endoglycosidase-catalyzed transglycosylation. Carbohydr Res 2008; 343:1509-22. [PMID: 18405887 PMCID: PMC2519876 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2008.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2008] [Revised: 03/16/2008] [Accepted: 03/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Homogeneous glycopeptides and glycoproteins are indispensable for detailed structural and functional studies of glycoproteins. It is also fundamentally important to correct glycosylation patterns for developing effective glycoprotein-based therapeutics. This review discusses a useful chemoenzymatic method that takes advantage of the endoglycosidase-catalyzed transglycosylation to attach an intact oligosaccharide to a polypeptide in a single step, without the need for any protecting groups. The exploration of sugar oxazolines (enzymatic reaction intermediates) as donor substrates has not only expanded substrate availability, but also has significantly enhanced the enzymatic transglycosylation efficiency. Moreover, the discovery of a novel mutant with glycosynthase-like activity has made it possible to synthesize homogeneous glycoproteins with full-size natural N-glycans. Recent advances in this highly convergent chemoenzymatic approach and its application for glycopeptide and glycoprotein synthesis are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lai-Xi Wang
- Institute of Human Virology and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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Highly efficient synthesis of sialylglycopeptides overcoming unexpected aspartimide formation during activation of Fmoc-Asn(undecadisialyloligosaccharide)-OH. Tetrahedron Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2005.12.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Lin HC, Du WP, Chang CC, Lin CH. Different reaction routes found in acid-catalyzed glycosylation of endo- and exo-glycals: competition between Ferrier rearrangement and protonation. Tetrahedron Lett 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2005.05.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Singh S, Ni J, Wang LX. Chemoenzymatic synthesis of high-mannose type HIV-1 gp120 glycopeptides. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2003; 13:327-30. [PMID: 12565922 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(02)01025-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A chemoenzymatic approach to the synthesis of glycoforms of HIV-1 gp120 glycopeptides is described. Thus, the high-mannose type glycopeptides [gp120 (336-342)] containing Man(9), Man(6) and Man(5) moieties, respectively, were synthesized in satisfactory yields via transglycosylation to the acetylglucosaminyl peptide, using the recombinant Arthrobacter Endo-beta-N-acetyl-glucosaminidase (Endo-A) as the key enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suddham Singh
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute, University of Maryland, 725 West Lombard Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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Zou W, Li J, Larocque S, Jennings HJ. Construction of multivalent sialyl Lex from the type Ia group B Streptococcus capsular polysaccharide. Carbohydr Res 2001; 332:249-55. [PMID: 11376605 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(01)00098-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The type Ia group B Streptococcus (GBSIa) capsular polysaccharide was specifically degraded by partial Smith oxidation of 2,3-diol of the Glc in the backbone to fragments representing asialo core repeating units. Sialylation of these oligomers furnished GBSIa multiple repeating units. One, two and three repeating units of GBSIa were obtained pure, and the higher oligomers were obtained as mixtures. After enzymatic fucosylation oligosaccharides carrying bivalent, trivalent and other multivalent sialyl Le(x) epitopes presented as appendages on an oligolactoside scaffold were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Zou
- Institute for Biological Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, Ontario, K1A 0R6, Ottawa, Canada.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Vaino
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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Abstract
Despite the omnipresence of protein glycosylation in nature, little is known about how the attachment of carbohydrates affects peptide and protein activity. One reason is the lack of a straightforward method to access biologically relevant glycopeptides and glycoproteins. The isolation of homogeneous glycopeptides from natural sources is complicated by the heterogeneity of naturally occuring glycoproteins. It is chemical and chemoenzymatic synthesis that is meeting the challenge to solve this availability problem, thus playing a key role for the advancement of glycobiology. The current art of glycopeptide synthesis, albeit far from being routine, has reached a level of maturity that allows for the access to homogeneous and pure material for biological and medicinal research. Even the ambitious goal of the total synthesis of an entire glycoprotein is within reach. It is demonstrated that with the help of synthetic glycopeptides the effects of glycosylation on protein structure and function can be studied in molecular detail. For example, in immunology, synthetic (tumour-specific) glycopeptides can be used as immunogens to elicit a tumour-cell-specific immune response. Again, synthetic glycopeptides are an invaluable tool to determine the fine specificity of the immune response that can be mediated by both carbohydrate-specific B and T cells. Furthermore, selected examples for the use of synthetic glycopeptides as ligands of carbohydrate-binding proteins and as enzyme substrates or inhibitors are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Seitz
- Department of Chemical Biology Max-Planck-Institut für molekulare Physiologie Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany.
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Affiliation(s)
- K G Rice
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109-1065, USA
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Sinner FM, Buchmeiser MR. Ringöffnende Metathesepolymerisation: Zugang zu einer neuen Klasse funktionalisierter, monolithischer stationärer Phasen für die Flüssigkeitschromatographie. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1521-3757(20000417)112:8<1491::aid-ange1491>3.0.co;2-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Burger
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Fakultät für Chemie und Mineralogie der Universität, Talstraße 35, D‐04103 Leipzig, Fax: (+ 49) 341‐9736529
| | - Michael Kluge
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Fakultät für Chemie und Mineralogie der Universität, Talstraße 35, D‐04103 Leipzig, Fax: (+ 49) 341‐9736529
| | - Susanna Fehn
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Fakultät für Chemie und Mineralogie der Universität, Talstraße 35, D‐04103 Leipzig, Fax: (+ 49) 341‐9736529
| | - Beate Koksch
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Fakultät für Chemie und Mineralogie der Universität, Talstraße 35, D‐04103 Leipzig, Fax: (+ 49) 341‐9736529
| | - Lothar Hennig
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Fakultät für Chemie und Mineralogie der Universität, Talstraße 35, D‐04103 Leipzig, Fax: (+ 49) 341‐9736529
| | - Gerhard Müller
- Bayer AG, Zentrale Forschung, ZF‐WFM, Gebäude Q 18, D‐51368 Leverkusen
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Eisele F, Owen DJ, Waldmann H. Peptide conjugates as tools for the study of biological signal transduction. Bioorg Med Chem 1999; 7:193-224. [PMID: 10218812 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(98)00204-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Today, many biological phenomena are being investigated and understood in molecular detail, and organic chemistry is increasingly being directed towards biological phenomena. This review is intended to highlight this interplay of organic chemistry and biology, using biological signal transduction as an example. Lipo-, glyco-, phospho- and nucleoproteins play key roles in the processes whereby chemical signals are passed across cell membranes and further to the cell nucleus. For the study of the biological phenomena associated with these protein conjugates, structurally well-defined peptides containing the characteristic linkage region of the peptide backbone with the lipid, the carbohydrate or the phosphoric acid ester can provide valuable tools. The multi-functionality and pronounced acid- and base-lability of such compounds renders their synthesis a formidable challenge to conventional organic synthesis. However, the recent development of enzymatic protecting groups, provides one of the central techniques which, when coupled with classic chemical synthesis, can provide access to these complex and sensitive biologically relevant peptide conjugates under particularly mild conditions and with high selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Eisele
- Universität Karlsruhe, Institut für Organische Chemie, Germany
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Marcaurelle LA, Rodriguez EC, Bertozzi CR. Synthesis of an oxime-linked neoglycopeptide with glycosylation-dependent activity similar to its native counterpart. Tetrahedron Lett 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(98)01831-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Abstract
Carbohydrate-based combinatorial libraries are tremendously valuable for studying the role of sugars in biology and for expanding accessible molecular diversity needed in broad-based drug screening programs. This review discusses the issues that are relevant to the successful implementation of comprehensive carbohydrate-based combinatorial library programs. In addition, details of oligosaccharide and glycoconjugate libraries constructed using both solid phase and solution phase strategies are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Sofia
- Transcell Technologies Inc., Cranbury, NJ 08512, USA
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Wang ZG, Hindsgaul O. Combinatorial carbohydrate chemistry. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1998; 435:219-36. [PMID: 9498080 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-5383-0_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Z G Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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Meldal M, St Hilaire PM. Synthetic methods of glycopeptide assembly, and biological analysis of glycopeptide products. Curr Opin Chem Biol 1997; 1:552-63. [PMID: 9667891 DOI: 10.1016/s1367-5931(97)80052-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The technology of glycopeptide synthesis has recently developed into a fully mature science capable of creating diverse glycopeptides of biological interest, even in combinatorial displays. This has allowed biochemists to investigate substrate specificity in the biosynthetic processing and immunology of various protein glycoforms. The construction of all the mucin core structures and a variety of cancer-related glycopeptides has facilitated detailed analysis of the interaction between MHC-bound glycopeptides and T cell receptors. Novel dendritic neoglycopeptide ligands have been shown to demonstrate high affinity for carbohydrate receptors and these interactions are highly dendrimer specific. Large complex N-linked oligosaccharides have been introduced into glycopeptides using synthetic or chemoenzymatic procedures, both methods affording pure glycopeptides corresponding to a single glycoform in preparative quantities. The improved availability of glycosyl transferases has led to increased use of chemoenzymatic synthesis. Chemical ligation has been introduced as a method of attaching glycans to peptide templates. Combinatorial synthesis and the analysis of resin-bound glycopeptide libraries have been successfully carried out by applying the ladder synthesis principle. Direct quantitative glycosylation of peptide templates on solid phase has paved the way for the synthesis of templated glycopeptide mixtures as libraries of libraries.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Meldal
- Carlsberg Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Gamle Carlsberg Vej 10, DK-2500, Valby, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Abstract
A partial structure of many glycoproteins, a glycosylated asparagine carrying a complex type undecasaccharide N-glycan (Neu5Ac(alpha 2-6)Gal(beta 1-4)GlcNAc(beta 1-2)Man alpha 1-3) [Neu5Ac(alpha 2-6)Gal(beta 1-4)GlcNAc(beta 1-2)Man(alpha 1-6)]Man(beta 1-4) GlcNAc(beta 1-4)GlcNAc-Asn) was obtained by total synthesis. As a starting material served a chemically synthesized diantennary heptasaccharide azide which was deprotected in a three-step sequence in high yield. The reduction of the anomeric azide was accomplished with propanedithiol in methanol-ethyldiisopropylamine. Coupling of the glycosyl amine to an activated aspartic acid gave the benzyl protected asparagine conjugate. After removal of the six benzyl functions the resulting free heptasaccharide asparagine was elongated enzymatically in the oligosaccharide part. The use of beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase and alpha-2,6-sialytransferase in the presence of alkaline phosphatase allowed the efficient transfer of four sugar units to the acceptor resulting in a full length N-glycan, a sialyated diantennary undecasaccharide-asparagine of the complex type.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Unverzagt
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, TU München, Garching, Germany
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Danishefsky SJ, Hu S, Cirillo PF, Eckhardt M, Seeberger PH. A Highly Convergent Total Synthetic Route to Glycopeptides Carrying a High-Mannose Core Pentasaccharide DomainN-linked to a Natural Peptide Motif. Chemistry 1997. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.19970031011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Drouillat B, Kellam B, Dekany G, Starr MS, Toth I. Solid phase synthesis of C-terminal carbohydrate modified enkephalins. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(97)00395-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Hetet CL, David M, Carreaux F, Carboni B, Sauleau A. Synthesis of functionalized γ-and δ-lactones via polymer-bound epoxides. Tetrahedron Lett 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(97)01098-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Arya P, Ben RN. Der Einsatz kombinatorischer Chemie zur Synthese von Kohlenhydratbibliotheken. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1997. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.19971091207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Seeberger PH, Beebe X, Danishefsky SJ, Sukenick GD, Pochapsky S. Verfolgung von Festphasen-Oligosaccharidsynthesen mit hochauflösender MAS-NMR-Spektroskopie: Selektivität der Festphasenkupplung von α-1,2-Didehydrozuckerdonoren zu β-Glycosiden. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1997. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.19971090511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Live DH, Kumar RA, Beebe X, Danishefsky SJ. Conformational influences of glycosylation of a peptide: a possible model for the effect of glycosylation on the rate of protein folding. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1996; 93:12759-61. [PMID: 8917491 PMCID: PMC23992 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.93.23.12759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Improved strategies for synthesis make it possible to expand the range of glycopeptides available for detailed conformational studies. The glycopeptide 1 was synthesized using a new solid phase synthesis of carbohydrates and a convergent coupling to peptide followed by deprotection. Its conformational properties were subjected to NMR analysis and compared with a control peptide 2 prepared by conventional solid phase methods. Whereas peptide 2 fails to manifest any appreciable secondary structure, the glycopeptide 1 does show considerable conformational bias suggestive of an equilibrium between an ordered and a random state. The implications of this ordering effect for the larger issue of protein folding are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- D H Live
- Laboratory for Nucleic Acid and Protein Structure, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10021, USA
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Unverzagt C. Chemoenzymatische Synthese eines sialylierten Undecasaccharid-Asparagins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1996. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.19961082012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Danishefsky SJ, Bilodeau MT. Glycale in der organischen Synthese: die Entwicklung umfassender Strategien zum Aufbau von Oligosacchariden und Glycokonjugaten mit biologischer Bedeutung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1996. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.19961081304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Horvat Š, Varga-Defterdarović L, Horvat J, Modrić-Žganjar S, Chung NN, Schiller PW. Alterations in biological activities induced by glycation of leucine-enkephalin with different monosaccharide moieties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00120000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Chapter 31. Solid-Phase Synthesis: Applications to Combinatorial Libraries. ANNUAL REPORTS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-7743(08)60470-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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