1
|
Nischitha R. Role of grass endophytic fungi as a natural resource of bioactive metabolites. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:418. [PMID: 39325276 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-04132-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 09/04/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
Grass endophytic fungi have garnered increasing attention as a prolific source of bioactive metabolites with potential application across various fields, including pharmaceticals agriculture and industry. This review paper aims to synthesize knowledge on the diversity, isolation, and bioactivity of metabolites produced by grass endophytic fungi. Additionally, this approach aids in the conservation of rare and endangered plant species. Advanced analytical techniques such as high-performance liquid chromatography, liquid chromatograpy-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography are discussed as critical tools for metabolite identification and characterization. The review also highlights significant bioactive metabolites discovered to date, emphasizing their antimicrobial, antioxidant, and insecticidal activities and plant growth regulation properties. Besides address the challenges and future prospects in harnessing grass endophytic fungi for sustainable biotenological applications. By consolidating recent advancements and identifying agaps in the current research, this paper provides a comprehensive overview of the potential grass endophytic fungi as a valuable resource for novel bioactive compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Nischitha
- National Fungal Culture Collection of India (NFCCI), Biodiversity and Palaeobiology-Fungi, MACS- Agharkar Research Institute, Gopal Ganesh Agharkar Road, Pune, 411 004, Maharashtra, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wacira TN, Makonde HM, Bosire CM, Kibiti CM. Molecular Characterization and Antibacterial Potential of Endophytic Fungal Isolates from Selected Mangroves along the Coastline of Kenya. Int J Microbiol 2024; 2024:1261721. [PMID: 39280854 PMCID: PMC11398959 DOI: 10.1155/2024/1261721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The increasing emergence and re-emergence of resistant pathogenic microbes causes a health threat to the human population. Scientists have been striving to find novel bioactive compounds and drugs to overcome these obstacles. This study aimed to characterize mangrove endophytic fungi and evaluate their antibacterial activity. Heritiera littoralis, Rhizophora mucronata, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Avicennia marina, and Xylocarpus granatum species were collected from Tudor Creek, Mida Creek, and Gazi Bay. A total of 30 fungal isolates were subjected to molecular identification based on analysis of their ITS gene region. The isolates in the inferred phylogenetic trees were affiliated with the genus Aspergillus. Ethyl acetate and butanol crude extracts of 38.2% of the 76 isolated fungal endophytes and eight mycelia samples were screened for antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 27853), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 25923) using the disc diffusion method. A. marina and R. mucronata harbored the most fungal endophytes that showed the highest antibacterial activity. Seven fungal broth extracts exhibited higher antibacterial activities against the tested microorganisms than the positive control. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) activity for the isolates demonstrated that the ethyl acetate extract of a root endophytic fungal isolate (RC6) (3.31 ± 0.01) of A. marina is a strong inhibitor since it showed significantly lower MIC activity compared to the positive control (3.84 ± 0.00) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P < 0.05). Therefore, this study confirms that mangrove species harbor fungal isolates that have antibacterial activity and hence could serve as a novel source of antibiotics. It is recommended that the pure compounds from these extracts be isolated for further bioactivity tests and structural elucidation for consideration as lead molecules in drug discovery. In addition, the genes responsible for the enhanced bioactivity in these isolates can be characterized and bioengineered for pharmaceutical application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teresia Nyambura Wacira
- Department of Pure and Applied Sciences Technical University of Mombasa P.O. Box 90420-80100, Mombasa, Kenya
- Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute P.O. Box 1881-40100, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Huxley Mae Makonde
- Department of Pure and Applied Sciences Technical University of Mombasa P.O. Box 90420-80100, Mombasa, Kenya
| | - Carren Moraa Bosire
- Department of Pure and Applied Sciences Technical University of Mombasa P.O. Box 90420-80100, Mombasa, Kenya
| | - Cromwell Mwiti Kibiti
- Department of Pure and Applied Sciences Technical University of Mombasa P.O. Box 90420-80100, Mombasa, Kenya
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Myovela H, Hussein J, Tibuhwa D. Treasures in our backyard: unleashing the biotechnological potentials of endophytic fungi from Tanzanian mangroves. Nat Prod Res 2024:1-9. [PMID: 39225386 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2024.2395492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Endophytic fungi are useful in a variety of biological processes and may find value in pharmaceutical settings. However, there hasn't been much research done on the bioactive compounds produced by mangrove fungal endophytes from the East African coast. Our previous research revealed a significant number of mangrove endophytic fungi in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. This study explores the antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties of these endophytic fungi. Crude extracts of 34 mangrove endophytic fungal isolates were screened, with thirteen showing antimicrobial activity against tested microorganisms. MIC and cytotoxicity tests revealed varying bioactivity. Aspergillus fumigatus (HMD45) was particularly potent against tested organisms (MIC = <0.195 to 0.391 mg/ml) and (LC50 = 36.001). GC-MS evaluation of HMD45 extracts indicated the existence of compounds including dodecanoic acid, n-heptadecanol-1, and n-hexadecanoic acid, which may contribute to its bioactivity. These findings offer insight into the bioactivity of mangrove endophytic fungi and trigger interest for further research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hawa Myovela
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Juma Hussein
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Donatha Tibuhwa
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
de Carvalho Silva AK, Lima FJL, Borges KRA, Wolff LAS, de Andrade MS, Alves RDNS, Cordeiro CB, da Silva MACN, Nascimento MDDSB, da Silva Espósito T, de Barros Bezerra GF. Utilization of Fusarium Solani lipase for enrichment of polyunsaturated Omega-3 fatty acids. Braz J Microbiol 2024; 55:2211-2226. [PMID: 38874742 PMCID: PMC11405586 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-024-01411-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 fatty acids, such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), offer numerous health benefits. Enriching these fatty acids in fish oil using cost-effective methods, like lipase application, has been studied extensively. This research aimed to investigate F. solani as a potential lipase producer and compare its efficacy in enhancing polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids with commercial lipases. Submerged fermentation with coconut oil yielded Lipase F2, showing remarkable activity (215.68 U/mL). Lipase F2 remained stable at pH 8.0 (activity: 93.84 U/mL) and active between 35 and 70 °C, with optimal stability at 35 °C. It exhibited resistance to various surfactants and ions, showing no cytotoxic activity in vitro, crucial for its application in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Lipase F2 efficiently enriched EPA and DHA in fish oil, reaching 22.1 mol% DHA and 23.8 mol% EPA. These results underscore the economic viability and efficacy of Lipase F2, a partially purified enzyme obtained using low-cost techniques, demonstrating remarkable stability and resistance to diverse conditions. Its performance was comparable to highly pure commercially available enzymes in omega-3 production. These findings highlight the potential of F. solani as a promising lipase source, offering opportunities for economically producing omega-3 and advancing biotechnological applications in the food and supplements industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allysson Kayron de Carvalho Silva
- Doctoral Program in Biotechnology- Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Center for Basic and Applied Immunology (NIBA), Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda Jeniffer Lindoso Lima
- Doctoral Program in Biotechnology- Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Center for Basic and Applied Immunology (NIBA), Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Katia Regina Assunção Borges
- Doctoral Program in Biotechnology- Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Center for Basic and Applied Immunology (NIBA), Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Laís Araújo Souza Wolff
- Postgraduate Program in Adult Health (PPGSAD), Center for Basic and Applied Immunology (NIBA), Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Souza de Andrade
- Postgraduate Program in Adult Health (PPGSAD), Center for Basic and Applied Immunology (NIBA), Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Rita de Nazaré Silva Alves
- Postgraduate Program in Adult Health (PPGSAD), Center for Basic and Applied Immunology (NIBA), Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Carolina Borges Cordeiro
- Postgraduate Program in Adult Health (PPGSAD), Center for Basic and Applied Immunology (NIBA), Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | | | - Maria do Desterro Soares Brandão Nascimento
- Doctoral Program in Biotechnology- Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Center for Basic and Applied Immunology (NIBA), Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Adult Health (PPGSAD), Center for Basic and Applied Immunology (NIBA), Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Talita da Silva Espósito
- Department of Oceanography and Limnology, Laboratory of Biotechnology of Aquatic Organisms (BIOAQUA), Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Geusa Felipa de Barros Bezerra
- Postgraduate Program in Adult Health (PPGSAD), Center for Basic and Applied Immunology (NIBA), Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chen HW, Yan LH, Wang XJ, Zhao ZY, Wu X, Li J, Lei XS, Xiong J, Hu JF. Undescribed polyketides from endophytes associated with the critically endangered conifer Abies beshanzuensis. Fitoterapia 2024; 177:106104. [PMID: 38950637 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2024.106104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Four undescribed polyketides, beshanzones A (1) and B (2) as well as beshanhexanols A (3) and B (4), along with three known ones (5-7) were isolated from the rice fermentation of two endophytic fungi associated with the critically endangered Chinese endemic conifer Abies beshanzuensis. γ-Butyrolactone derivatives 1, 2, and 5 were isolated from Phomopsis sp. BSZ-AZ-2, an interesting strain that drawn our attention this time. The cyclohexanol derivatives 3, 4, 6, and 7 were obtained during a follow-up investigation on Penicillium commune BSZ-P-4-1. The chemical structures including absolute configurations of compounds 1-4 were determined by spectroscopic methods, Mo2(OAc)4 induced electronic circular dichroism (IECD), GIAO NMR calculations and DP4+ probability analyses. In particular, compound 2 contains a novel 5/5 bicyclic ring system, which might be biogenetically derived from the known compound 5 through hydrolysis followed by an Aldol reaction. All isolates were evaluated for their antimicrobial activities against a small panel of bacterial and fungal pathogens. Compounds 6 and 7 showed moderate inhibitory activities against Candida albicans, with MIC values of 16 and 32 μg/mL, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Wei Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Zhejiang 318000, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Li-Hong Yan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Zhejiang 318000, PR China
| | - Xue-Jiao Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Zhejiang 318000, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Ze-Yu Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Zhejiang 318000, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Xiying Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Zhejiang 318000, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Jiyang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Xin-Sheng Lei
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Juan Xiong
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, PR China.
| | - Jin-Feng Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Zhejiang 318000, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Firoozbahr M, Palombo EA, Kingshott P, Zaferanloo B. Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Properties of Native Australian Plant Endophytes against Wound-Infecting Bacteria. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1710. [PMID: 39203552 PMCID: PMC11357646 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12081710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The wound management field faces significant challenges due to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and the complexity of chronic wound care. Effective wound treatment requires antimicrobial dressings to prevent bacterial infections. However, the rise of AMR necessitates new antimicrobial agents for wound dressings, particularly for addressing bacterial pathogens like methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Endophytic fungi, known for producing diverse bioactive compounds, represent a promising source of such new agents. This study tested thirty-two endophytic fungi from thirteen distinct Australian native plants for their antibacterial activity against S. aureus. Ethyl acetate (EtOAc) extracts from fungal culture filtrates exhibited inhibitory effects against both methicillin-sensitive S. aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC = 78.1 µg/mL) and MRSA M180920 (MIC = 78.1 µg/mL). DNA sequence analysis was employed for fungal identification. The most active sample, EL 19 (Chaetomium globosum), was selected for further analysis, revealing that its EtOAc extracts reduced S. aureus ATCC 25923 biofilm formation by 55% and cell viability by 57% to 68% at 12 × MIC. Furthermore, cytotoxicity studies using the brine shrimp lethality test demonstrated low cytotoxicity up to 6 × MIC (25% mortality rate) with an LC50 value of 639.1 µg/mL. Finally, the most active sample was incorporated into polycaprolactone (PCL) fiber mats via electrospinning, with resultant inhibition of S. aureus species. This research underscores the potential of endophytic fungi from Australian plants as sources of substances effective against common wound pathogens. Further exploration of the responsible compounds and their mechanisms could facilitate the development of wound dressings effective against MRSA and innovative biofilm-resistant electrospun fibers, contributing to the global efforts to combat AMR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meysam Firoozbahr
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia; (M.F.); (P.K.)
| | - Enzo A. Palombo
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia; (M.F.); (P.K.)
- ARC Training Center for Biofilm Research and Innovation, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Peter Kingshott
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia; (M.F.); (P.K.)
- ARC Training Centre in Surface Engineering for Advanced Materials (SEAM), School of Engineering, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Bita Zaferanloo
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia; (M.F.); (P.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Alhaddad F, Ahmed T, Jaoua S, Al-Ghouti MA, Al-Thani R, Abu-Dieyeh M. Isolation of the Endophytic Fungus Aspergillus terreus from a Halophyte ( Tetraena qatarensis) and Assessment of Its Potential in Tomato Seedling Protection. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:2218. [PMID: 39204654 PMCID: PMC11359961 DOI: 10.3390/plants13162218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Living in diverse environmentally harsh conditions, the plant exhibits a unique survival mechanism. As a result, the endophytes residing within the plant produce specific compounds that promote the plant's growth and defend it against pathogens. Plants and algae symbiotically harbor endophytes, i.e., microbes and microorganisms living within them. The objective of this study is to isolate endophytic fungi, specifically strains of Aspergillus terreus, from the leaves of the salt-tolerant plant Tetraena qatarensis and to explore the salt tolerance, antagonistic activity, and growth promotion properties. Strain C A. terreus (ON117337.1) was screened for salt tolerance and antagonistic effects. Regarding salt tolerance, the isolate demonstrated the ability to thrive in a concentration of up to 10% NaCl. A. terreus showed inhibitory activity against four fungal phytopathogens, namely Fusarium oxysporum, Alternaria alternata, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, and Botrytis cinerea. The GC-MS investigation of the fungal (strain C Aspergillus terreus) extract showed the presence of about 66 compounds (secondary metabolites). Secondary metabolites (SMs) are produced, like Hexadecanoic acid, which aids in controlling phytopathogens. Also produced is lovastatin, which is used to treat hypercholesterolemia. Strain C, which showed salinity tolerance and the highest inhibitory activity, was further analyzed for its effect on tomato seed germination under pathogen stress from Fusarium oxysporum. The greenhouse experiment indicated that the fungi increased the length of tomato seedlings and the plant biomass. Therefore, the selected endophytes derived from Tetraena qatarensis were scrutinized for their potential as biocontrol agents, aiming to thwart fungal pathogens and stimulate plant growth. The in vitro and in vivo assessments of strain C (Aspergillus terreus) against Fusarium oxysporum in this investigation indicate the promising role of endophytes as effective biological control agents. Investigating novel bio-products offers a sustainable approach to agriculture, gradually reducing dependence on chemical fungicides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fedae Alhaddad
- Biological Science Program, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; (F.A.); (R.A.-T.)
| | - Talaat Ahmed
- Environmental Science Center, Research and Graduate Studies, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar;
| | - Samir Jaoua
- Environmental Science Program, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; (S.J.); (M.A.A.-G.)
| | - Mohammad A. Al-Ghouti
- Environmental Science Program, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; (S.J.); (M.A.A.-G.)
| | - Roda Al-Thani
- Biological Science Program, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; (F.A.); (R.A.-T.)
| | - Mohammed Abu-Dieyeh
- Biological Science Program, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; (F.A.); (R.A.-T.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sharma K, Verma R, Kumar D, Kumar V. Impact of Irpex lenis and Schizophyllum commune endophytic fungi on Perilla frutescens: enhancing nutritional uptake, phytochemicals, and antioxidant potential. Microb Cell Fact 2024; 23:226. [PMID: 39127680 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-024-02491-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endophytic fungi (EF) reside within plants without causing harm and provide benefits such as enhancing nutrients and producing bioactive compounds, which improve the medicinal properties of host plants. Selecting plants with established medicinal properties for studying EF is important, as it allows a deeper understanding of their influence. Therefore, the study aimed to investigate the impact of EF after inoculating the medicinal plant Perilla frutescens, specifically focusing on their role in enhancing medicinal properties. RESULTS In the current study, the impact of two EF i.e., Irpex lenis and Schizophyllum commune isolated from A. bracteosa was observed on plant Perilla frutescens leaves after inoculation. Plants were divided into four groups i.e., group A: the control group, group B: inoculated with I. lenis; group C: inoculated with S. commune and group D: inoculated with both the EF. Inoculation impact of I. lenis showed an increase in the concentration of chlorophyll a (5.32 mg/g), chlorophyll b (4.46 mg/g), total chlorophyll content (9.78 mg/g), protein (68.517 ± 0.77 mg/g), carbohydrates (137.886 ± 13.71 mg/g), and crude fiber (3.333 ± 0.37%). Furthermore, the plants inoculated with I. lenis showed the highest concentrations of P (14605 mg/kg), Mg (4964.320 mg/kg), Ca (27389.400 mg/kg), and Mn (86.883 mg/kg). The results of the phytochemical analysis also indicated an increased content of total flavonoids (2.347 mg/g), phenols (3.086 mg/g), tannins (3.902 mg/g), and alkaloids (1.037 mg/g) in the leaf extract of P. frutescens inoculated with I. lenis. Thus, overall the best results of inoculation were observed in Group B i.e. inoculated with I. lenis. GC-MS analysis of methanol leaf extract showed ten bioactive constituents, including 9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-, methyl ester, and hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester as major constituents found in all the groups of P. frutescens leaves. The phenol (gallic acid) and flavonoids (rutin, kaempferol, and quercetin) were also observed to increase after inoculation by HPTLC analysis. The enhancement in the phytochemical content was co-related with improved anti-oxidant potential which was analyzed by DPPH (% Inhibition: 83.45 µg/ml) and FRAP (2.980 µM Fe (II) equivalent) assay as compared with the control group. CONCLUSION Inoculation with I. lenis significantly enhances the uptake of nutritional constituents, phytochemicals, and antioxidant properties in P. frutescens, suggesting its potential to boost the therapeutic properties of host plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Sharma
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173229, India
| | - Rachna Verma
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173229, India.
- Department of Chemsitry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradek Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03 Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic.
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- School of Bioengineering and Food Technology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173229, India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield, MK430AL, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mendieta-Brito S, Sayed M, Son E, Kim DS, Dávila M, Pyo SH. Identification, Characterization, and Antibacterial Evaluation of Five Endophytic Fungi from Psychotria poeppigiana Müll. Arg., an Amazon Plant. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1590. [PMID: 39203432 PMCID: PMC11356722 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12081590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Endophytic fungi, residing within plants without causing disease, are known for their ability to produce bioactive metabolites with diverse properties such as antibacterial, antioxidant, and antifungal activities, while also influencing plant defense mechanisms. In this study, five novel endophytic fungi species were isolated from the leaves of Psychotria poeppigiana Müll. Arg., a plant from the Rubiaceae family, collected in the tropical Amazon region of Bolivia. The endophytic fungi were identified as a Neopestalotiopsis sp., three Penicillium sp., and an Aspergillus sp. through 18S ribosomal RNA sequencing and NCBI-BLAST analysis. Chemical profiling revealed that their extracts obtained by ethyl acetate contained terpenes, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds. In a bioautography study, the terpenes showed high antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli. Notably, extracts from the three Penicillium species exhibited potent antibacterial activity, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 62.5 to 2000 µg/mL against all three pathogens: Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterococcus faecalis (both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria). These findings highlight the potential of these endophytic fungi, especially Penicillium species as valuable sources of secondary metabolites with significant antibacterial activities, suggesting promising applications in medicine, pharmaceuticals, agriculture, and environmental technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Mendieta-Brito
- Centro de Tecnología Agroindustrial, Universidad Mayor de San Simón, Cochabamba 00591, Bolivia
- Division of Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Mahmoud Sayed
- Division of Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt
| | - Eunjung Son
- KM Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-Daero, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Seon Kim
- KM Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-Daero, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Marcelo Dávila
- Centro de Tecnología Agroindustrial, Universidad Mayor de San Simón, Cochabamba 00591, Bolivia
| | - Sang-Hyun Pyo
- Division of Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chua RW, Song KP, Ting ASY. Characterization and identification of antimicrobial compounds from endophytic Fusarium incarnatum isolated from Cymbidium orchids. Int Microbiol 2024; 27:977-992. [PMID: 37975992 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-023-00442-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
This study characterized and identified the antimicrobial compounds from an endophytic fungus (Fusarium incarnatum (C4)) isolated from the orchid, Cymbidium sp. Chromatographic techniques were employed to separate the bioactive compounds from the crude extracts of F. incarnatum (C4). Following bio-guided fractionation, two fractionated extracts (fractions 1 and 2) of F. incarnatum (C4) exhibited antibacterial and antifungal activities against Bacillus cereus (MIC: 0.156 mg/mL) and Ganoderma boninense (MIC: 0.3125 mg/mL), respectively. The active fractions were discovered to comprise of a variety of bioactive compounds with pharmacological importance (alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, terpenoids, peptides and fatty acids). Liquid chromatography mass-spectrometry (LCMS) analysis detected the presence of antibacterial (kanzonol N, rifaximin, linoleic acid (d4), cannabisativine, docosanedioic acid, and stearamide) and antifungal components (3-methyl-quinolin-2-ol, prothiocarb, kanzonol N, peganine, 5Z-tridecene, and tetronasin) in fractions 1 and 2, respectively, which may have contributed to the antimicrobial effects. Findings from this study highlighted the important potential of fungal endophytes from medicinal hosts as producers of antimicrobials and antibiotics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ru Wei Chua
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Keang Peng Song
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Adeline Su Yien Ting
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Majid M, Wani AH, Ganai BA. Evaluating the Biocontrol Efficacy and Antioxidant Potential of Phellinus caribaeo-quercicola-A First Report Dual-Action Endophyte From Inula racemosa Hook. F. J Basic Microbiol 2024; 64:e2400080. [PMID: 39031570 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202400080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
Phellinus caribaeo-quercicola is a basidiomycetous fungus, isolated as an endophyte in this study from the healthy and symptomless leaves of Inula racemosa Hook. f., an important medicinal herb growing in Kashmir Himalaya. This study combines morphological, molecular and phylogenetic techniques to identify the fungal endophyte, using the ITS sequence of nrDNA. A detached leaf assay was conducted to assess the pathogenicity of the fungal endophyte suggesting its mutually symbiotic relationship with the host. The authors also investigated the antifungal potential of the isolated endophytic strain to ascertain its use as a biocontrol agent. The study shows that P. caribaeo-quercicola INL3-2 strain exhibits biocontrol activity against four key fungal phytopathogens that cause significant agronomic and economic losses: Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium solani, and Fusarium oxysporum. Notably, P. caribaeo-quercicola INL3-2 strain is highly effective against A. flavus, with an inhibition percentage of 57.63%. In addition, this study investigates the antioxidant activity of P. caribaeo-quercicola INL3-2 strain crude extracts using ethyl acetate and methanol as solvents. The results showed that the methanolic fraction of P. caribaeo-quercicola exhibits potential as an antioxidant agent, with an IC50 value of 171.90 ± 1.15 µg/mL. This investigation is first of its kind and marks the initial report of this fungal basidiomycete, P. caribaeo-quercicola, as an endophyte associated with a medicinal plant. The findings of this study highlight the potential of P. caribaeo-quercicola INL3-2 strain as a dual-action agent with both biocontrol and antioxidant properties consistent with the medicinal properties of Inula racemosa. This endophytic fungus could be a promising source of natural compounds for use in agriculture, medicine, and beyond.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Misbah Majid
- Section of Plant Pathology, Mycology and Microbiology Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Abdul H Wani
- Section of Plant Pathology, Mycology and Microbiology Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Bashir A Ganai
- Center of Research for Development, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Shah WH, Khan W, Nisa S, Barfuss MH, Schinnerl J, Bacher M, Valant-Vetschera K, Ali A, Nafidi HA, Jardan YAB, Giesy JP. HPLC, NMR Based Characterization, Antioxidant and Anticancer Activities of Chemical Constituents from Therapeutically Active Fungal Endophytes. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 34:1452-1463. [PMID: 38858094 PMCID: PMC11294646 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2403.03036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Fungi generate different metabolites some of which are intrinsically bioactive and could therefore serve as templates for drug development. In the current study, six endophytic fungi namely Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus tubigenesis, Aspergillus oryzae, Penicillium oxalicum, Aspergillus niger, and Aspergillus brasiliensis were isolated and identified from the medicinal plant, Silybum marianum. These endophytic fungi were identified through intra transcribed sequence (ITS) gene sequencing. The bioactive potentials of fungal extracts were investigated using several bioassays such as antibacterial activity by well-diffusion, MIC, MBC, anti-biofilm, antioxidant, and haemolysis. The Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 was used to determine the antibiofilm activity. The ethyl acetate extract of Aspergillus flavus showed strong to moderate efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, P. aeruginosa, and Bacillus spizizenii. Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus brasiliensis exhibited significant antibiofilm activity with IC50 at 4.02 and 3.63 mg/ml, while A. flavus exhibited maximum antioxidant activity of 50.8%. Based on HPLC, LC-MS, and NMR experiments kojic acid (1) and carbamic acid (methylene-4, 1-phenylene) bis-dimethyl ester (2) were identified from A. flavus. Kojic acid exhibited DPPH free radical scavenging activity with an IC50 value of 99.3 μg/ml and moderate activity against ovarian teratocarcinoma (CH1), colon carcinoma (SW480), and non-small cell lung cancer (A549) cell lines. These findings suggest that endophytic fungi are able to produce promising bioactive compounds which deserve further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Waqas Hussain Shah
- Department of Biotechnology, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry of Renewable Resources, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Tulln 3430, Austria
| | - Wajiha Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus
| | - Sobia Nisa
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22620, Pakistan
| | - Michael H.J. Barfuss
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Johann Schinnerl
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Bacher
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry of Renewable Resources, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Tulln 3430, Austria
| | - Karin Valant-Vetschera
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ashraf Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Physical and Applied Sciences, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22620, Pakistan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, P.R. China
| | - Hiba-Allah Nafidi
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Laval University, 2325 Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Yousef A. Bin Jardan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - John P. Giesy
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada
- Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76706, USA
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyah, 11433, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Li Z, Zhang BW, Jiang L, Wang H, Ma QY, Wang HF, Zhang J, Chen FL, Zhao YX, Luo DQ. Two new alkaloids from the endophytic fungus Schizophyllum sp. HM230 isolated from Vincetoxicum mongolicum Maxim. Nat Prod Res 2024; 38:2411-2418. [PMID: 36762731 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2176493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Endophytic fungi is an important source for the discovery of bioactive natural compounds. A chemical investigation of the ethyl acetate extract of the endophytic fungus Schizophyllum sp. HM230 derived from stems of the herb Vincetoxicum mongolicum Maxim led to isolation of five alkaloids, including two new compounds, schizophyllins M (1) and N (2), along with three known ones (3-5). The planar structures of two new compounds were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic methods including MS, 1D and 2D NMR. Their absolute configurations were determined by Mosher's method and comparison of the ECD data. All the isolates were evaluated for their cytotoxicity and antioxidant activities. Compounds 1-4 showed middle cytotoxicity against MCF-7 cells with IC50 values range of 68.1 ∼ 87.32 μM. Compounds 1-5 displayed obvious antioxidant activity with the IC50 values range of 0.86 ∼ 5.78 mg/mL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Li
- College of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity Research and Application of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing-Wen Zhang
- College of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity Research and Application of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Jiang
- College of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity Research and Application of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, People's Republic of China
| | - He Wang
- College of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity Research and Application of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Yun Ma
- Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Fei Wang
- College of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity Research and Application of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhang
- College of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity Research and Application of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng-Li Chen
- College of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity Research and Application of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, People's Republic of China
| | - You-Xing Zhao
- Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, People's Republic of China
| | - Du-Qiang Luo
- College of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity Research and Application of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wang Y, Chen P, Lin Q, Zuo L, Li L. Whole-Genome Sequencing of Two Potentially Allelopathic Strains of Bacillus from the Roots of C. equisetifolia and Identification of Genes Related to Synthesis of Secondary Metabolites. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1247. [PMID: 38930629 PMCID: PMC11205695 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12061247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The coastal Casuarina equisetifolia is the most common tree species in Hainan's coastal protection forests. Sequencing the genomes of its allelopathic endophytes can allow the protective effects of these bacteria to be effectively implemented in protected forests. The goal of this study was to sequence the whole genomes of the endophytes Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Bacillus aryabhattai isolated from C. equisetifolia root tissues. The results showed that the genome sizes of B. amyloliquefaciens and B. aryabhattai were 3.854 Mb and 5.508 Mb, respectively. The two strains shared 2514 common gene families while having 1055 and 2406 distinct gene families, respectively. The two strains had 283 and 298 allelochemical synthesis-associated genes, respectively, 255 of which were shared by both strains and 28 and 43 of which were unique to each strain, respectively. The genes were putatively involved in 11 functional pathways, including secondary metabolite biosynthesis, terpene carbon skeleton biosynthesis, biosynthesis of ubiquinone and other terpene quinones, tropane/piperidine and piperidine alkaloids biosynthesis, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. NQO1 and entC are known to be involved in the biosynthesis of ubiquinone and other terpenoid quinones, and rfbC/rmlC, rfbA/rmlA/rffH, and rfbB/rmlB/rffG are involved in the biosynthesis of polyketide glycan units. Among the B. aryabhattai-specific allelochemical synthesis-related genes, STE24 is involved in terpene carbon skeleton production, atzF and gdhA in arginine biosynthesis, and TYR in isoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis. B. amyloliquefaciens and B. aryabhattai share the genes aspB, yhdR, trpA, trpB, and GGPS, which are known to be involved in the synthesis of carotenoids, indole, momilactones, and other allelochemicals. Additionally, these bacteria are involved in allelochemical synthesis via routes such as polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis and isoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis. This study sheds light on the genetic basis of allelopathy in Bacillus strains associated with C. equisetifolia, highlighting the possible use of these bacteria in sustainable agricultural strategies for weed management and crop protection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Lei Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Dangar BV, Chavada P, Bhatt PJ, Raviya R. Reviewing bryophyte-microorganism association: insights into environmental optimization. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1407391. [PMID: 38946907 PMCID: PMC11211263 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1407391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Bryophytes, the second-largest group of plants, play a crucial role as early colonizers of land and are a prolific source of naturally occurring substances with significant economic potential. Microorganisms, particularly bacteria, cyanobacteria, fungi form intricate associations with plants, notably bryophytes, contributing to the ecological functioning of terrestrial ecosystems and sometimes it gives negative impact also. This review elucidates the pivotal role of endophytic bacteria in promoting plant growth, facilitating nutrient cycling, and enhancing environmental health. It comprehensively explores the diversity and ecological significance of fungal and bacterial endophytes across various ecosystems. Furthermore, it highlights the moss nitrogen dynamics observed in select moss species. Throughout the review, emphasis is placed on the symbiotic interdependence between bryophytes and microorganisms, offering foundational insights for future research endeavors. By shedding light on the intricate bryophyte-microorganism associations, this study advances our understanding of the complex interplay between plants, microbes, and their environment, paving the way for further research and applications in environmental and biotechnological realms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rajesh Raviya
- Department of Life Sciences, Bhakta Kavi Narsinh Mehta University, Junagadh, Gujarat, India
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Dhayanithy G, Mukherjee S, Subban K, Radhakrishnan S, Chelliah J. Unsaturated fatty acid, Nonacosenoic acid isolated from an endophyte Chaetomium nigricolor inhabiting the stem of Catharanthus roseus and its bioactivity. Fungal Biol 2024; 128:1876-1884. [PMID: 38876540 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2024.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
The endophytic fungus Chaetomium nigricolor culture filtrate's hexane extract was used to identify a cytotoxic very long-chain fatty acid. Based on multiple spectroscopic investigations, the structure of the compound was predicted to be an unsaturated fatty acid, Nonacosenoic acid (NA). Using the MTT assay, the compound's cytotoxic potential was evaluated against MCF-7, A-431, U-251, and HEK-293 T cells. The compound was moderately cytotoxic to breast carcinoma cell line, MCF-7 cells and negligibly cytotoxic to non-cancerous cell line HEK-293 T cells. The compound exhibited mild cytotoxic activity against A-431 and U-251 cells. The compound also induced ROS generation and mitochondrial depolarization in MCF-7 cells when assessed via the NBT and JC-1 assays, respectively. This is the first report on the production of nonacosenoic acid from the endophytic fungus Chaetomium nigricolor and the assessment of its bioactivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Somnath Mukherjee
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India.
| | - Kamalraj Subban
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Sharma V, Panjgotra S, Sharma N, Abrol V, Goutam U, Jaglan S. Epigenetic modifiers as inducer of bioactive secondary metabolites in fungi. Biotechnol Lett 2024; 46:297-314. [PMID: 38607602 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-024-03478-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Scientists are making efforts to search for new metabolites as they are essential lead molecules for the drug discovery, much required due to the evolution of multi drug resistance and new diseases. Moreover, higher production of known drugs is required because of the ever growing population. Microorganisms offer a vast collection of chemically distinct compounds that exhibit various biological functions. They play a crucial role in safeguarding crops, agriculture, and combating several infectious ailments and cancer. Research on fungi have grabbed a lot of attention after the discovery of penicillin, most of the compounds produced by fungi under normal cultivation conditions are discovered and now rarely new compounds are discovered. Treatment of fungi with the epigenetic modifiers has been becoming very popular since the last few years to boost the discovery of new molecules and enhance the production of already known molecules. Epigenetic literally means above genetics that actually does not alter the genome but alter its expression by altering the state of chromatin from heterochromatin to euchromatin. Chromatin in heterochromatin state usually doesn't express because it is closely packed by histones in this state. Epigenetic modifiers loosen the packing of chromatin by inhibiting DNA methylation and histone deacetylation and thus permit the expression of genes that usually remain dormant. This study delves into the possibility of utilizing epigenetic modifying agents to generate pharmacologically significant secondary metabolites from fungi.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Sharma
- Fermentation & Microbial Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, 180001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Shivali Panjgotra
- Department of Environment Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Nisha Sharma
- Fermentation & Microbial Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, 180001, India
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Vidushi Abrol
- Fermentation & Microbial Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, 180001, India
| | - Umesh Goutam
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Sundeep Jaglan
- Fermentation & Microbial Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, 180001, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Hnini M, Aurag J. Prevalence, diversity and applications potential of nodules endophytic bacteria: a systematic review. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1386742. [PMID: 38812696 PMCID: PMC11133547 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1386742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Legumes are renowned for their distinctive biological characteristic of forming symbiotic associations with soil bacteria, mostly belonging to the Rhizobiaceae familiy, leading to the establishment of symbiotic root nodules. Within these nodules, rhizobia play a pivotal role in converting atmospheric nitrogen into a plant-assimilable form. However, it has been discerned that root nodules of legumes are not exclusively inhabited by rhizobia; non-rhizobial endophytic bacteria also reside within them, yet their functions remain incompletely elucidated. This comprehensive review synthesizes available data, revealing that Bacillus and Pseudomonas are the most prevalent genera of nodule endophytic bacteria, succeeded by Paenibacillus, Enterobacter, Pantoea, Agrobacterium, and Microbacterium. To date, the bibliographic data available show that Glycine max followed by Vigna radiata, Phaseolus vulgaris and Lens culinaris are the main hosts for nodule endophytic bacteria. Clustering analysis consistently supports the prevalence of Bacillus and Pseudomonas as the most abundant nodule endophytic bacteria, alongside Paenibacillus, Agrobacterium, and Enterobacter. Although non-rhizobial populations within nodules do not induce nodule formation, their presence is associated with various plant growth-promoting properties (PGPs). These properties are known to mediate important mechanisms such as phytostimulation, biofertilization, biocontrol, and stress tolerance, emphasizing the multifaceted roles of nodule endophytes. Importantly, interactions between non-rhizobia and rhizobia within nodules may exert influence on their leguminous host plants. This is particularly shown by co-inoculation of legumes with both types of bacteria, in which synergistic effects on plant growth, yield, and nodulation are often measured. Moreover these effects are pronounced under both stress and non-stress conditions, surpassing the impact of single inoculations with rhizobia alone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jamal Aurag
- Microbiology and Molecular Biology Team, Center of Plant and Microbial Biotechnology, Biodiversity and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Asomadu RO, Ezeorba TPC, Ezike TC, Uzoechina JO. Exploring the antioxidant potential of endophytic fungi: a review on methods for extraction and quantification of total antioxidant capacity (TAC). 3 Biotech 2024; 14:127. [PMID: 38585410 PMCID: PMC10997672 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-024-03970-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Endophytic fungi have emerged as a significant source of natural products with remarkable bioactivities. Recent research has identified numerous antioxidant molecules among the secondary metabolites of endophytic fungi. These organisms, whether unicellular or micro-multicellular, offer the potential for genetic manipulation to enhance the production of these valuable antioxidant compounds, which hold promise for promoting health, vitality, and various biotechnological applications. In this study, we provide a critical review of methods for extracting, purifying, characterizing, and estimating the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of endophytic fungi metabolites. While many endophytes produce metabolites similar to those found in plants with established symbiotic associations, we also highlight the existence of novel metabolites with potential scientific interest. Additionally, we discuss how advancements in nanotechnology have opened new avenues for exploring nanoformulations of endophytic metabolites in future studies, offering opportunities for diverse biological and industrial applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rita Onyekachukwu Asomadu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Enugu, 410001 Nigeria
| | - Timothy Prince Chidike Ezeorba
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Enugu, 410001 Nigeria
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Enugu, 410001 Nigeria
- Department of Environmental Health and Risk Management, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B17 2TT UK
| | - Tobechukwu Christian Ezike
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Enugu, 410001 Nigeria
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Enugu, 410001 Nigeria
| | - Jude Obiorah Uzoechina
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Enugu, 410001 Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Katoch M, Singh G, Bijarnia E, Gupta AP, Azeem M, Rani P, Kumar J. Biodiversity of endosymbiont fungi associated with a marine sponge Lamellodysidea herbacea and their potential as antioxidant producers. 3 Biotech 2024; 14:146. [PMID: 38706926 PMCID: PMC11068721 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-024-03972-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aims to isolate endosymbiontic fungi from the marine sponge Lamellodysidea herbacea and to explore their antioxidant potential. Marine-derived fungi, with their vast biodiversity, are considered a promising source of novel antioxidants which can replace synthetic ones. Marine sponges have previously reported bioactive properties that could ameliorate oxidative stress, particularly their associated fungi, producing high-frequency bioactive molecules (adaptogenic molecules) in response to stressors. 19 endosymbiont fungi associated with marine sponges were isolated, and their extracts were evaluated for their antioxidant capacities. Extract of an endosymbiont fungus, isolate SPG6, identified as Alternaria destruens, through surface electron microscopy (SEM) and ITS gene sequencing, showed broad range antioxidant activities (EC50 values) (free radical scavenging 32.54 mg L-1, Hydroxyl radical scavenging activity < 0.078 g L-1, total reducing power 0.114 g L-1, Chelating power 0.262 g L-1, H2O2 scavenging activity < 0.078 g L-1, and Superoxide radical scavenging activity > 5.0 g L-1). The extract of isolate SPG6 was fractioned and analyzed through GC-MS. Marine sponge-associated endosymbiont fungi are a rich source of antioxidant molecules. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-024-03972-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meenu Katoch
- Fermentation & Microbial Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, 180001 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR, New Delhi, 110025 India
| | - Gurpreet Singh
- Fermentation & Microbial Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, 180001 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR, New Delhi, 110025 India
| | - Ekta Bijarnia
- Fermentation & Microbial Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, 180001 India
| | - A. P. Gupta
- Quality Control Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, 180001 India
| | - Mohd. Azeem
- Fermentation & Microbial Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, 180001 India
| | - Pragya Rani
- Fermentation & Microbial Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, 180001 India
| | - J. Kumar
- Fermentation & Microbial Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, 180001 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR, New Delhi, 110025 India
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kaur G, Kaur R, Sodhi GK, George N, Rath SK, Walia HK, Dwibedi V, Saxena S. Stilbenes: a journey from folklore to pharmaceutical innovation. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:229. [PMID: 38647675 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-03939-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
In modern times, medicine is predominantly based on evidence-based practices, whereas in ancient times, indigenous people relied on plant-based medicines with factual evidence documented in ancient books or folklore that demonstrated their effectiveness against specific infections. Plants and microbes account for 70% of drugs approved by the USFDA (U.S. Food and Drug Administration). Stilbenes, polyphenolic compounds synthesized by plants under stress conditions, have garnered significant attention for their therapeutic potential, bridging ancient wisdom with modern healthcare. Resveratrol, the most studied stilbene, initially discovered in grapes, red wine, peanuts, and blueberries, exhibits diverse pharmacological properties, including cardiovascular protection, antioxidant effects, anticancer activity, and neuroprotection. Traditional remedies, documented in ancient texts like the Ayurvedic Charak Samhita, foreshadowed the medicinal properties of stilbenes long before their modern scientific validation. Today, stilbenes are integral to the booming wellness and health supplement market, with resveratrol alone projected to reach a market value of 90 million US$ by 2025. However, challenges in stilbene production persist due to limited natural sources and costly extraction methods. Bioprospecting efforts reveal promising candidates for stilbene production, particularly endophytic fungi, which demonstrate high-yield capabilities and genetic modifiability. However, the identification of optimal strains and fermentation processes remains a critical consideration. The current review emphasizes the knowledge of the medicinal properties of Stilbenes (i.e., cardiovascular, antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, etc.) isolated from plant and microbial sources, while also discussing strategies for their commercial production and future research directions. This also includes examples of novel stilbenes compounds reported from plant and endophytic fungi.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gursharan Kaur
- University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, 140413, Punjab, India
| | - Rajinder Kaur
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Idaho Moscow, Idaho, ID, 83844, USA
| | - Gurleen Kaur Sodhi
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology Patiala, Patiala, Punjab, 147004, India
| | - Nancy George
- University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, 140413, Punjab, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Rath
- School of Pharmaceuticals and Population Health Informatics, Faculty of Pharmacy, DIT University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248009, India
| | - Harleen Kaur Walia
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology Patiala, Patiala, Punjab, 147004, India
| | - Vagish Dwibedi
- University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, 140413, Punjab, India.
- Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Volcani Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, 7505101, Rishon LeZion, Israel.
| | - Sanjai Saxena
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology Patiala, Patiala, Punjab, 147004, India
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kusmiati K, Fanani A, Nurkanto A, Purnaningsih I, Mamangkey J, Ramadhani I, Nurcahyanto DA, Simanjuntak P, Afiati F, Irawan H, Puteri AL, Ewaldo MF, Juanssilfero AB. Profile and in silico analysis of metabolite compounds of the endophytic fungus Alternaria alternata K-10 from Drymoglossum piloselloides as antioxidants and antibacterials. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27978. [PMID: 38524563 PMCID: PMC10958433 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Endophytic fungi are known for producing secondary metabolites with valuable biological activities, including antiviral, anticancer, antibacterial, and antioxidant properties. This study aims to evaluate an endophytic fungus from Dragon Scales leaves (Drymoglossum piloselloides) and analyze its metabolites as antioxidants and antibacterials. In this study, an endophytic fungus was isolated from the leaves of Dragon Scales (D. piloselloides) and identified using molecular analysis of the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) ribosomal RNA locus. The fungus was authenticated as Alternaria alternata strain K-10. Crude extracts were obtained using n-hexane and ethyl acetate and analyzed via GC-MS Shimadzu-QP 2010 Ultra with NIST spectral library. Antibacterial activity was observed against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using the paper disc method, showing inhibition zones of 8.7-9.3 mm and 8.8-9.4 mm for ethyl acetate and n-hexane extracts, respectively. Ethyl acetate and n-hexane extracts exhibited strong antioxidant potential against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil (DPPH) radical (IC50 values of 50.99 μg mL-1 and 74.44 μg mL-1, respectively). GC-MS analysis revealed 40 compounds in both extracts, some of which, including 2-ethylhexyl ester benzoic acid, benzo-b-dihydropyran-6-hydroxy-4-4-5-7-8-pentamethyl, diethyl phthalate, and octadecanoic acid, were identified through in silico analysis and found to possess antioxidant properties. These findings hold implications for potential applications of the plant and its biological constituent to be developed as lead compounds in the medical sector.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kusmiati Kusmiati
- Research Center for Biosystematics and Evolution- Research Organization for Life Sciences and Environment, The National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Indonesia
| | - Asrul Fanani
- Research and Education Center for Bioinformatics, Indonesia Institute of Bioinformatics, Malang, 65162, Indonesia
| | - Arif Nurkanto
- Research Center for Biosystematics and Evolution- Research Organization for Life Sciences and Environment, The National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Indonesia
| | - Ismu Purnaningsih
- Directorate of Scientific Collection Management, The National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN)- KST Soekarno, Jl Raya Bogor Km 46, Cibinong Bogor, 16911, Indonesia
| | - Jendri Mamangkey
- Department of Biology Education, Faculty of Education and Teacher Training, Universitas Kristen Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Research Center for Genetic Engineering, Research Organization for Life Sciences and Environment, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), KST Soekarno, Cibinong, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Indriati Ramadhani
- Research Center for Biosystematics and Evolution- Research Organization for Life Sciences and Environment, The National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Indonesia
| | - Dian Alfian Nurcahyanto
- Research Center for Biosystematics and Evolution- Research Organization for Life Sciences and Environment, The National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Indonesia
| | - Partomuan Simanjuntak
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredient and Traditional Medicine, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Indonesia
| | - Fifi Afiati
- Research Center for Applied Microbiology-Research Organization for Life Sciences and Environment, The National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Indonesia
| | - Herman Irawan
- Research Center for Genetic Engineering, Research Organization for Life Sciences and Environment, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), KST Soekarno, Cibinong, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Ade Lia Puteri
- Research Center for Biosystematics and Evolution- Research Organization for Life Sciences and Environment, The National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Farrel Ewaldo
- Master's Programme in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia Jl. Salemba Raya – Jakarta Pusat, Indonesia
| | - Ario Betha Juanssilfero
- Research Center for Applied Microbiology-Research Organization for Life Sciences and Environment, The National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Holkar SK, Ghotgalkar PS, Markad HN, Bhanbhane VC, Saha S, Banerjee K. Current Status and Future Perspectives on Distribution of Fungal Endophytes and Their Utilization for Plant Growth Promotion and Management of Grapevine Diseases. Curr Microbiol 2024; 81:116. [PMID: 38489076 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-024-03635-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Grapevine is one of the economically most important fruit crops cultivated worldwide. Grape production is significantly affected by biotic constraints leading to heavy crop losses. Changing climatic conditions leading to widespread occurrence of different foliar diseases in grapevine. Chemical products are used for managing these diseases through preventive and curative application in the vineyard. High disease pressure and indiscriminate use of chemicals leading to residue in the final harvest and resistance development in phytopathogens. To mitigate these challenges, the adoption of potential biocontrol control agents is necessary. Moreover, multifaceted benefits of endophytes made them eco-friendly, and environmentally safe approach. The genetic composition, physiological conditions, and ecology of their host plant have an impact on their dispersion patterns and population diversity. Worldwide, a total of more than 164 fungal endophytes (FEs) have been characterized originating from different tissues, varieties, crop growth stages, and geographical regions of grapevine. These diverse FEs have been used extensively for management of different phytopathogens globally. The FEs produce secondary metabolites, lytic enzymes, and organic compounds which are known to possess antimicrobial and antifungal properties. The aim of this review was to understand diversity, distribution, host-pathogen-endophyte interaction, role of endophytes in disease management and for enhanced, and quality production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sujoy Saha
- ICAR-National Research Centre for Grapes, Pune, Maharashtra, 412307, India
| | - Kaushik Banerjee
- ICAR-National Research Centre for Grapes, Pune, Maharashtra, 412307, India
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Gamal A, Fikry E, Tawfeek N, El-Shafae AM, El-Sayed ASA, El-Domiaty MM. Production and bioprocessing of Taxol from Aspergillus niger, an endophyte of Encephalartos whitelockii, with a plausible biosynthetic stability: antiproliferative activity and cell cycle analysis. Microb Cell Fact 2024; 23:78. [PMID: 38475853 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-024-02356-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The biosynthetic potency of Taxol by fungi raises their prospective to be a platform for commercial production of Taxol, nevertheless, the attenuation of its productivity with the fungal storage, is the challenge. Thus, screening for a novel fungal isolate inhabiting ethnopharmacological plants, with a plausible metabolic stability for Taxol production could be one of the most affordable approaches. Aspergillus niger OR414905.1, an endophyte of Encephalartos whitelockii, had the highest Taxol productivity (173.9 μg/L). The chemical identity of the purified Taxol was confirmed by HPLC, FTIR, and LC-MS/MS analyses, exhibiting the same molecular mass (854.5 m/z) and molecular fragmentation pattern of the authentic Taxol. The purified Taxol exhibited a potent antiproliferative activity against HepG-2, MCF-7 and Caco-2, with IC50 values 0.011, 0.016, and 0.067 μM, respectively, in addition to a significant activity against A. flavus, as a model of human fungal pathogen. The purified Taxol displayed a significant effect against the cellular migration of HepG-2 and MCF-7 cells, by ~ 52-59% after 72 h, compared to the control, confirming its interference with the cellular matrix formation. Furthermore, the purified Taxol exhibited a significant ability to prompt apoptosis in MCF-7 cells, by about 11-fold compared to control cells, suppressing their division at G2/M phase. Taxol productivity by A. niger has been optimized by the response surface methodology with Plackett-Burman Design and Central Composite Design, resulting in a remarkable ~ 1.6-fold increase (279.8 μg/L), over the control. The biological half-life time of Taxol productivity by A. niger was ~ 6 months of preservation at 4 ℃, however, the Taxol yield by A. niger was partially restored in response to ethyl acetate extracts of E. whitelockii, ensuring the presence of plant-derived signals that triggers the cryptic Taxol encoding genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa Gamal
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Eman Fikry
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Nora Tawfeek
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Azza M El-Shafae
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Ashraf S A El-Sayed
- Enzymology and Fungal Biotechnology Lab, Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt.
| | - Maher M El-Domiaty
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Chua RW, Song KP, Ting ASY. Antioxidant and L-asparaginase activities of culturable endophytic fungi from ornamental Dendrobium orchids. Lett Appl Microbiol 2024; 77:ovad096. [PMID: 37563083 DOI: 10.1093/lambio/ovad096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
This study reports the antioxidant potential and L-asparaginase production of culturable fungal endophytes from Dendrobium orchids in Malaysia. Twenty-nine isolates were screened using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay to determine their free radical scavenging activities and antioxidant capacity (IC50 and AEAC). L-asparaginase production of fungal endophytes was detected by the qualitative plate assay, and the enzyme activities estimated via the Nesslerization method. All 29 endophytic isolates exhibited various degrees of radical scavenging activities (35.37%-77.23%), with Fusarium fujikuroi (D1) identified as having the highest antioxidant capacity (IC50 6.097 mg/mL) and the highest AEAC value (11.55 mg/g). For L-asparaginase production, the majority of the isolates (89.66%) showed positive results, especially among the culturable species of Fusarium, Trichoderma, and Daldinia. Most Fusarium spp. were able to produce L-asparaginase (80.77%), but the highest L-asparaginase activity was detected in Daldinia eschscholtzii (D14) with 2.128 units/mL. Results from this study highlighted the potential of endophytic fungi from medicinal orchids (Dendrobium sp.) as natural sources of bioactive compounds to be developed into novel antioxidants and anticancer drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ru Wei Chua
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Keang Peng Song
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Adeline Su Yien Ting
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
He Y, Tian R, Gao C, Ji L, Liu X, Feng H, Huang L. Biocontrol activity of an endophytic Alternaria alternata Aa-Lcht against apple Valsa canker. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 200:105813. [PMID: 38582585 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.105813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Apple Valsa canker (AVC), caused by Valsa mali, is the most serious branch disease for apples in East Asia. Biocontrol constitutes a desirable alternative strategy to alleviate the problems of orchard environment pollution and pathogen resistance risk. It is particularly important to explore efficient biocontrol microorganism resources to develop new biocontrol technologies and products. In this study, an endophytic fungus, which results in the specific inhibition of the growth of V. mali, was isolated from the twig tissue of Malus micromalus with a good tolerance to AVC. The fungus was identified as Alternaria alternata, based on morphological observations and phylogenetic analysis, and was named Aa-Lcht. Aa-Lcht showed a strong preventive effect against AVC, as determined with an in vitro twig evaluation method. When V. mali was inhibited by Aa-Lcht, according to morphological and cytological observations, the hyphae was deformed and it had more branches, a degradation in protoplasm, breakages in cell walls, and then finally died completely due to mycelium cells. Transcriptome analysis indicated that Aa-Lcht could suppress the growth of V. mali by inhibiting the activity of various hydrolases, destroying carbohydrate metabolic processes, and damaging the pathogen membrane system. It was further demonstrated that Aa-Lcht could colonize apple twig tissues without damaging the tissue's integrity. More importantly, Aa-Lcht could also stimulate the up-regulated expression of defense-related genes in apples together with the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and callose deposition in apple leaf cells. Summarizing the above, one endophytic biocontrol resource was isolated, and it can colonize apple twig tissue and play a biocontrol role through both pathogen inhibition and resistance inducement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanting He
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Runze Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chengyu Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lin Ji
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hao Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China..
| | - Lili Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China..
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Muhammad M, Basit A, Ali K, Ahmad H, Li WJ, Khan A, Mohamed HI. A review on endophytic fungi: a potent reservoir of bioactive metabolites with special emphasis on blight disease management. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:129. [PMID: 38416214 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03828-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Phytopathogenic microorganisms have caused blight diseases that present significant challenges to global agriculture. These diseases result in substantial crop losses and have a significant economic impact. Due to the limitations of conventional chemical treatments in effectively and sustainably managing these diseases, there is an increasing interest in exploring alternative and environmentally friendly approaches for disease control. Using endophytic fungi as biocontrol agents has become a promising strategy in recent years. Endophytic fungi live inside plant tissues, forming mutually beneficial relationships, and have been discovered to produce a wide range of bioactive metabolites. These metabolites demonstrate significant potential for fighting blight diseases and provide a plentiful source of new biopesticides. In this review, we delve into the potential of endophytic fungi as a means of biocontrol against blight diseases. We specifically highlight their significance as a source of biologically active compounds. The review explores different mechanisms used by endophytic fungi to suppress phytopathogens. These mechanisms include competing for nutrients, producing antifungal compounds, and triggering plant defense responses. Furthermore, this review discusses the challenges of using endophytic fungi as biocontrol agents in commercial applications. It emphasizes the importance of conducting thorough research to enhance their effectiveness and stability in real-world environments. Therefore, bioactive metabolites from endophytic fungi have considerable potential for sustainable and eco-friendly blight disease control. Additional research on endophytes and their metabolites will promote biotechnology solutions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Murad Muhammad
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Abdul Basit
- Department of Horticultural Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Korea
| | - Kashif Ali
- Center of Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
| | - Haris Ahmad
- Center of Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
| | - Wen-Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Ayesha Khan
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Crop Production Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
| | - Heba I Mohamed
- Biological and Geological Sciences Department, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11341, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
He H, Tang C, Cao Z, Wang T, He M, Xiao M, Xiao L, Li Y, Li X. Revealing Medicinal Constituents of Bistorta vivipara Based on Non-Targeted Metabolomics and 16S rDNA Gene Sequencing Technology. Molecules 2024; 29:860. [PMID: 38398612 PMCID: PMC10892765 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29040860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Bistorta vivipara is a medicinal plant with a long history, but there are few studies on the effects of its medicinal components and endophytic bacteria on the accumulation of secondary metabolites. Therefore, in this study, non-targeted metabolomics techniques and 16s rDNA techniques were used to study B. vivipara from different regions. A total of 1290 metabolites and 437 differential metabolites were identified from all samples. Among them, flavonoids, isoflavonoids, and benzopyrans are the main medicinal components of B. vivipara; these have potential anticancer, antiviral, and antioxidant properties, as well as potential applications for the treatment of atrial fibrillation. In addition, irigenin, an important medicinal component, was identified for the first time. The endophytic bacterial communities in the root tissues of B. vivipara from different regions were also different in composition and richness. Hierarchical clustering heat map analysis showed that Proteobacteria and Actinobacteriota bacteria significantly affected the accumulation of many medicinal components in the roots of B. vivipara.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui He
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Science, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (H.H.); (C.T.); (Z.C.); (T.W.); (M.H.); (M.X.)
| | - Chuyu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Science, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (H.H.); (C.T.); (Z.C.); (T.W.); (M.H.); (M.X.)
| | - Zhengfei Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Science, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (H.H.); (C.T.); (Z.C.); (T.W.); (M.H.); (M.X.)
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Science, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (H.H.); (C.T.); (Z.C.); (T.W.); (M.H.); (M.X.)
| | - Min He
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Science, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (H.H.); (C.T.); (Z.C.); (T.W.); (M.H.); (M.X.)
| | - Mengjun Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Science, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (H.H.); (C.T.); (Z.C.); (T.W.); (M.H.); (M.X.)
| | - Licheng Xiao
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Workstation in Yushu City, Yushu 815000, China;
| | - Yuling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Science, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (H.H.); (C.T.); (Z.C.); (T.W.); (M.H.); (M.X.)
| | - Xiuzhang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Science, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (H.H.); (C.T.); (Z.C.); (T.W.); (M.H.); (M.X.)
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Negi R, Sharma B, Kumar S, Chaubey KK, Kaur T, Devi R, Yadav A, Kour D, Yadav AN. Plant endophytes: unveiling hidden applications toward agro-environment sustainability. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2024; 69:181-206. [PMID: 37747637 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-023-01092-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Endophytic microbes are plant-associated microorganisms that reside in the interior tissue of plants without causing damage to the host plant. Endophytic microbes can boost the availability of nutrient for plant by using a variety of mechanisms such as fixing nitrogen, solubilizing phosphorus, potassium, and zinc, and producing siderophores, ammonia, hydrogen cyanide, and phytohormones that help plant for growth and protection against various abiotic and biotic stresses. The microbial endophytes have attained the mechanism of producing various hydrolytic enzymes such as cellulase, pectinase, xylanase, amylase, gelatinase, and bioactive compounds for plant growth promotion and protection. The efficient plant growth promoting endophytic microbes could be used as an alternative of chemical fertilizers for agro-environmental sustainability. Endophytic microbes belong to different phyla including Euryarchaeota, Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Mucoromycota, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria. The most pre-dominant group of bacteria belongs to Proteobacteria including α-, β-, γ-, and δ-Proteobacteria. The least diversity of the endophytic microbes have been revealed from Bacteroidetes, Deinococcus-Thermus, and Acidobacteria. Among reported genera, Achromobacter, Burkholderia, Bacillus, Enterobacter, Herbaspirillum, Pseudomonas, Pantoea, Rhizobium, and Streptomyces were dominant in most host plants. The present review deals with plant endophytic diversity, mechanisms of plant growth promotion, protection, and their role for agro-environmental sustainability. In the future, application of endophytic microbes have potential role in enhancement of crop productivity and maintaining the soil health in sustainable manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajeshwari Negi
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. Khem Singh Gill Akal College of Agriculture, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, Sirmour, 173101, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Babita Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, Akal College of Basic Sciences, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, Sirmour, 173101, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, GLA University, Mathura, 281406, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kundan Kumar Chaubey
- Division of Research and Innovation, School of Applied and Life Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Premnagar, Dehradun, 248007, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Tanvir Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. Khem Singh Gill Akal College of Agriculture, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, Sirmour, 173101, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Rubee Devi
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. Khem Singh Gill Akal College of Agriculture, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, Sirmour, 173101, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Ashok Yadav
- Department of Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Divjot Kour
- Department of Microbiology, Akal College of Basic Sciences, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, Sirmour, 173101, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Ajar Nath Yadav
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. Khem Singh Gill Akal College of Agriculture, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, Sirmour, 173101, Himachal Pradesh, India.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Qin X, Xu J, An X, Yang J, Wang Y, Dou M, Wang M, Huang J, Fu Y. Insight of endophytic fungi promoting the growth and development of woody plants. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2024; 44:78-99. [PMID: 36592988 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2022.2129579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Microorganisms play an important role in plant growth and development. In particular, endophytic fungi is one of the important kinds of microorganisms and has a mutually beneficial symbiotic relationship with host plants. Endophytic fungi have many substantial benefits to host plants, especially for woody plants, such as accelerating plant growth, enhancing stress resistance, promoting nutrient absorption, resisting pathogens and etc. However, the effects of endophytic fungi on the growth and development of woody plants have not been systematically summarized. In this review, the functions of endophytic fungi for the growth and development of woody plants have been mainly reviewed, including regulating plant growth (e.g., flowering, root elongation, etc.) by producing nutrients and plant hormones, and improving plant disease, insect resistance and heavy metal resistance by producing secondary metabolites. In addition, the diversity of endophytic fungi could improve the ability of woody plants to adapt to adverse environment. The components produced by endophytic fungi have excellent potential for the growth and development of woody plants. This review has systematically discussed the potential regulation mechanism of endophytic fungi regulating the growth and development of woody plants, it would be of great significance for the development and utilization of endophytic fungi resource from woody plants for the protection of forest resources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Qin
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, PR China
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Jian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, PR China
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Xiaoli An
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, PR China
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Jie Yang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, PR China
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Yao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, PR China
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Meijia Dou
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, PR China
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Minggang Wang
- The College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, PR China
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Yujie Fu
- The College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Koopklang K, Choodej S, Hantanong S, Intayot R, Jungsuttiwong S, Insumran Y, Ngamrojanavanich N, Pudhom K. Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Oxygenated Isocoumarins and Xanthone from Thai Mangrove-Associated Endophytic Fungus Setosphaeria rostrata. Molecules 2024; 29:603. [PMID: 38338348 PMCID: PMC10856793 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29030603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation plays a crucial role in the development and progression of numerous chronic diseases. To search for anti-inflammatory metabolites from endophytic fungi isolated from plants growing in Thai mangrove areas, a chemical investigation of those fungi was performed. Five new oxygenated isocoumarins, setosphamarins A-E (1-5) were isolated from the EtOAc extract of an endophytic fungus Setosphaeria rostrata, along with four known isocoumarins and one xanthone. Their structures were determined by extensive spectroscopic analysis. The absolute configurations of the undescribed compounds were established by comparative analysis between experimental and calculated circular dichroism (ECD) spectroscopy. All the compounds were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory activity by monitoring nitric oxide inhibition in lipopolysaccharide-induced macrophage J774A.1 cells. Only a xanthone, ravenelin (9), showed potent activity, with an IC50 value of 6.27 μM, and detailed mechanistic study showed that it suppressed iNOS and COX-2 expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kedkarn Koopklang
- Program in Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand (S.H.)
| | - Siwattra Choodej
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut’s University of Technology, Thonburi 10140, Thailand
| | - Sujitra Hantanong
- Program in Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand (S.H.)
| | - Ratchadaree Intayot
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani 34190, Thailand
| | - Siriporn Jungsuttiwong
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani 34190, Thailand
| | - Yuwadee Insumran
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Rajabath Maha Sarakham University, Maha Sarakham 44000, Thailand
| | | | - Khanitha Pudhom
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Abbas MM, Ismael WH, Mahfouz AY, Daigham GE, Attia MS. Efficacy of endophytic bacteria as promising inducers for enhancing the immune responses in tomato plants and managing Rhizoctonia root-rot disease. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1331. [PMID: 38225343 PMCID: PMC10789748 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-51000-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Around the world, a variety of crops, including tomatoes, suffer serious economic losses due to the Rhizoctonia root-rot disease. Herein, Bacillus velezensis, Bacillus megaterium, and Herpaspirillum huttiense isolated from strawberry (Fragaria chiloensis var. ananassa) plants were pragmatic as plant growth promotors for battling the Rhizoctonia root rot disease and bringing about defense mechanisms as well as growth promotional strategies in tomato plants. These endophytic bacteria demonstrated potent antifungal activity against R. solani in vitro along in vivo. Data explained that the isolated endophytic bacteria could produce Indole acetic acid, Gibberellic acid GA, and siderophore as well as solubilize phosphate in the soil. The consortium of (Bacillus velezensis, Bacillus megaterium, and Herpaspirillum huttiense) increased the protection % against Rhizoctonia infection by (79.4%), followed by B. velezensis by (73.52%), H. huttiense by (70.5%), and B. megaterium by (67.64%), respectively. There was an increase in soluble proteins and carbohydrates in infected plants treated with a consortium of endophytic bacteria by 30.7% and 100.2% over untreated infected plants, respectively. Applying endophytic bacteria either alone or in combination lowered the level of malondialdehyde MDA and hydrogen peroxide H2O2 and improved the activities of antioxidant enzymes in both infected and uninfected plants. Also, bacterial endophytes have distinctive reactions regarding the number and concentrations of isozymes in both infected and uninfected plants. It could be recommended the commercial usage of a mixture of targeted bacterial endophyte strains as therapeutic nutrients against Rhizoctonia root-rot disease as well as plant growth inducer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mona M Abbas
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, (Girls Branch), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Walaa H Ismael
- Soil Microbiology Department, Soil, Water and Environmental Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Amira Y Mahfouz
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, (Girls Branch), Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Ghadir E Daigham
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, (Girls Branch), Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed S Attia
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Kumar V, Prasher IB. Phytochemical Analysis and Antioxidant Activity of Endophytic Fungi Isolated from Dillenia indica Linn. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 196:332-349. [PMID: 37129740 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04498-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Endophytic fungi live symbiotically inside plants and are hidden source of natural bioactive molecules. The present study was carried out to investigate the phytochemical analysis and antioxidant activity of endophytic fungi isolated from the ethnomedicinal plant Dillenia indica L. The ethyl acetate crude extracts of the endophytic fungal strains were preliminarily evaluated for their phytochemical analysis, and the results showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, terpene, and saponins. The crude extracts of more than 60% of the isolates showed 50-90% antioxidant activity by DPPH and H2O2 assay. The inhibition percentage of ethyl acetate extracts ranges from 34.05 to 91.5%, whereas IC50 values vary from 72.2 to 691.14%. Among all the strains, Fomitopsis meliae crude extract showed a maximum inhibition percentage, i.e., 91.5%, with an IC50 value of 88.27 µg/mL. Chaetomium globosum showed significant activity having an inhibition percentage of 89.88% and an IC50 value of 74.44 µg/mL. The total phenolic and flavonoid content in the crude extract of Chaetomium globosum was 37.4 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g DW and 31.0 mg quercetin equivalent (GAE)/g DW. GC-MS analysis of crude extract of C. globosum revealed different compounds, such as squalene; butanoic acid, 2-methyl-; hexadecanoic acid; 2-propanone, 1-phenyl-; 5-oxo-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester; 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (z)- etc. Many of these belong to phenolics, which are natural antioxidant compounds. The findings suggested that endophytic fungi associated with Dillenia indica L. can be a potential source of novel antioxidant compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
| | - I B Prasher
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Scott K, Konkel Z, Gluck-Thaler E, Valero David GE, Simmt CF, Grootmyers D, Chaverri P, Slot J. Endophyte genomes support greater metabolic gene cluster diversity compared with non-endophytes in Trichoderma. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289280. [PMID: 38127903 PMCID: PMC10735191 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Trichoderma is a cosmopolitan genus with diverse lifestyles and nutritional modes, including mycotrophy, saprophytism, and endophytism. Previous research has reported greater metabolic gene repertoires in endophytic fungal species compared to closely-related non-endophytes. However, the extent of this ecological trend and its underlying mechanisms are unclear. Some endophytic fungi may also be mycotrophs and have one or more mycoparasitism mechanisms. Mycotrophic endophytes are prominent in certain genera like Trichoderma, therefore, the mechanisms that enable these fungi to colonize both living plants and fungi may be the result of expanded metabolic gene repertoires. Our objective was to determine what, if any, genomic features are overrepresented in endophytic fungi genomes in order to undercover the genomic underpinning of the fungal endophytic lifestyle. Here we compared metabolic gene cluster and mycoparasitism gene diversity across a dataset of thirty-eight Trichoderma genomes representing the full breadth of environmental Trichoderma's diverse lifestyles and nutritional modes. We generated four new Trichoderma endophyticum genomes to improve the sampling of endophytic isolates from this genus. As predicted, endophytic Trichoderma genomes contained, on average, more total biosynthetic and degradative gene clusters than non-endophytic isolates, suggesting that the ability to create/modify a diversity of metabolites potential is beneficial or necessary to the endophytic fungi. Still, once the phylogenetic signal was taken in consideration, no particular class of metabolic gene cluster was independently associated with the Trichoderma endophytic lifestyle. Several mycoparasitism genes, but no chitinase genes, were associated with endophytic Trichoderma genomes. Most genomic differences between Trichoderma lifestyles and nutritional modes are difficult to disentangle from phylogenetic divergences among species, suggesting that Trichoderma genomes maybe particularly well-equipped for lifestyle plasticity. We also consider the role of endophytism in diversifying secondary metabolism after identifying the horizontal transfer of the ergot alkaloid gene cluster to Trichoderma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey Scott
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Zachary Konkel
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
- Center for Applied Plant Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Emile Gluck-Thaler
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Genetics, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | | | - Coralie Farinas Simmt
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Django Grootmyers
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States of America
| | - Priscila Chaverri
- Department of Natural Sciences, Bowie State University, Bowie, MD, United States of America
- School of Biology and Natural Products Research Center (CIPRONA), University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Jason Slot
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
- Center for Psychedelic Drug Research and Education, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Bragard C, Baptista P, Chatzivassiliou E, Di Serio F, Gonthier P, Jaques Miret JA, Justesen AF, MacLeod A, Magnusson CS, Milonas P, Navas‐Cortes JA, Parnell S, Potting R, Stefani E, Thulke H, Van der Werf W, Vicent Civera A, Yuen J, Zappalà L, Migheli Q, Vloutoglou I, Gobbi A, Maiorano A, Pautasso M, Reignault PL. Pest categorisation of Pestalotiopsis microspora. EFSA J 2023; 21:e8493. [PMID: 38130321 PMCID: PMC10733803 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Following an EFSA commodity risk assessment of bonsai plants (Pinus parviflora grafted on Pinus thunbergii) imported from China, the EFSA Plant Health Panel performed a pest categorisation of Pestalotiopsis microspora, a clearly defined plant pathogenic fungus of the family Pestalotiopsidaceae. The pathogen was reported on a wide range of monocotyledonous, dicotyledonous and gymnosperms, either cultivated or wild plant species, causing various symptoms such as leaf spot, leaf blight, scabby canker, fruit spot, pre- and post-harvest fruit rot and root rot. In addition, the fungus was reported as an endophyte on a wide range of asymptomatic plant species. This pest categorisation focuses on the hosts that are relevant for the EU and for which there is robust evidence that the pathogen was formally identified by a combination of morphology, pathogenicity and multilocus sequencing analyses. Pestalotiopsis microspora was reported in Africa, North, Central and South America, Asia and Oceania. In the EU, it was reported in the Netherlands. There is a key uncertainty on the geographical distribution of P. microspora worldwide and in the EU, because of the endophytic nature of the fungus, the lack of surveys, and because in the past, when molecular tools were not fully developed, the pathogen might have been misidentified as other Pestalotiopsis species or other members of the Pestalodiopsidaceae family based on morphology and pathogenicity tests. Pestalotiopsis microspora is not included in Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/2072. Plants for planting, fresh fruits, bark and wood of host plants as well as soil and other growing media associated with plant debris are the main pathways for the entry of the pathogen into the EU. Host availability and climate suitability in parts of the EU are favourable for the establishment and spread of the pathogen. The introduction and spread of the pathogen into the EU are expected to have an economic and environmental impact where susceptible hosts are grown. Phytosanitary measures are available to prevent the introduction and spread of the pathogen into the EU. Unless the restricted distribution in the EU is disproven, Pestalotiopsis microspora satisfies all the criteria that are within the remit of EFSA to assess for this species to be regarded as potential Union quarantine pest.
Collapse
|
36
|
Deng A, Luo Y, Wu C, Chen D, Mo P, Li B. Streptomyces cynarae sp. nov., a novel actinomycete isolated from the leaves of Cynara scolymus L. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2023; 116:1277-1284. [PMID: 37749324 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-023-01885-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Strain HUAS 13-4T, a novel endophytic actinobacterium, was isolated from the leaves of Cynara scolymus L. collected from Changde City in China and characterized using a polyphasic approach. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain HUAS 13-4T shared the highest sequence similarities to Streptomyces leeuwenhoekii C34T (98.90%), Streptomyces harenosi PRKS01-65T (98.83%) and Streptomyces glomeratus LMG 19903T (98.76%). Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain HUAS 13-4T was clustered together with Streptomyces bluensis ISP 5564T and Streptomyces cavernae SYSU K10008T. Phylogenomic analysis revealed that strain HUAS 13-4T was most closely related to S. glomeratus JCM 9091T. However, the average nucleotide identity and the digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between them were less than 96.7% and 70% cut-off points recommended for delineating species. Based on a comprehensive comparison of the genome sequences and phenotypic characteristics between strain HUAS 13-4T and its relative, strain HUAS 13-4T (= MCCC 1K08364T = JCM 35919T) should evidently represent a novel Streptomyces species, and the name Streptomyces cynarae sp. nov. is proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aihua Deng
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing and Food Safety in Hunan Higher Education, Science and Technology Innovation Team for Efficient Agricultural Production and Deep Processing at General University in Hunan Province, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Health Aquaculture and Product Processing in Dongting Lake Area, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Molecular Immunity Technology of Aquatic Animal Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde, 415000, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yijia Luo
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing and Food Safety in Hunan Higher Education, Science and Technology Innovation Team for Efficient Agricultural Production and Deep Processing at General University in Hunan Province, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Health Aquaculture and Product Processing in Dongting Lake Area, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Molecular Immunity Technology of Aquatic Animal Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde, 415000, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Can Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing and Food Safety in Hunan Higher Education, Science and Technology Innovation Team for Efficient Agricultural Production and Deep Processing at General University in Hunan Province, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Health Aquaculture and Product Processing in Dongting Lake Area, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Molecular Immunity Technology of Aquatic Animal Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde, 415000, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Utilization of Advantage Plants Resources in Hunan South, Hunan Engineering Research Center for Research and Development of Plant Resources in Nanling Area, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou, 425199, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Mo
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing and Food Safety in Hunan Higher Education, Science and Technology Innovation Team for Efficient Agricultural Production and Deep Processing at General University in Hunan Province, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Health Aquaculture and Product Processing in Dongting Lake Area, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Molecular Immunity Technology of Aquatic Animal Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde, 415000, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Baiyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Utilization of Advantage Plants Resources in Hunan South, Hunan Engineering Research Center for Research and Development of Plant Resources in Nanling Area, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou, 425199, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Xu HQ, Xiao H, Bu JH, Hong YF, Liu YH, Tao ZY, Ding SF, Xia YT, Wu E, Yan Z, Zhang W, Chen GX, Zhu F, Tao L. EMNPD: a comprehensive endophytic microorganism natural products database for prompt the discovery of new bioactive substances. J Cheminform 2023; 15:115. [PMID: 38017550 PMCID: PMC10683116 DOI: 10.1186/s13321-023-00779-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery and utilization of natural products derived from endophytic microorganisms have garnered significant attention in pharmaceutical research. While remarkable progress has been made in this field each year, the absence of dedicated open-access databases for endophytic microorganism natural products research is evident. To address the increasing demand for mining and sharing of data resources related to endophytic microorganism natural products, this study introduces EMNPD, a comprehensive endophytic microorganism natural products database comprising manually curated data. Currently, EMNPD offers 6632 natural products from 1017 endophytic microorganisms, targeting 1286 entities (including 94 proteins, 282 cell lines, and 910 species) with 91 diverse bioactivities. It encompasses the physico-chemical properties of natural products, ADMET information, quantitative activity data with their potency, natural products contents with diverse fermentation conditions, systematic taxonomy, and links to various well-established databases. EMNPD aims to function as an open-access knowledge repository for the study of endophytic microorganisms and their natural products, thereby facilitating drug discovery research and exploration of bioactive substances. The database can be accessed at http://emnpd.idrblab.cn/ without the need for registration, enabling researchers to freely download the data. EMNPD is expected to become a valuable resource in the field of endophytic microorganism natural products and contribute to future drug development endeavors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Quan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-cancer Chinese Medicines, School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Huan Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-cancer Chinese Medicines, School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Jin-Hui Bu
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-cancer Chinese Medicines, School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Yan-Feng Hong
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-cancer Chinese Medicines, School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Yu-Hong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-cancer Chinese Medicines, School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Zi-Yue Tao
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-cancer Chinese Medicines, School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Shu-Fan Ding
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-cancer Chinese Medicines, School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Yi-Tong Xia
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-cancer Chinese Medicines, School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - E Wu
- Rehabilitation and Nursing School, Hangzhou Vocational & Technical College, Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhen Yan
- The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310000, China
- First Clinical Medical Institute, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Innovation Institute for Affiliated Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, Alibaba-Zhejiang University Joint Research Center of Future Digital Healthcare, Hangzhou, 330110, China
| | - Gong-Xing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-cancer Chinese Medicines, School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Innovation Institute for Affiliated Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, Alibaba-Zhejiang University Joint Research Center of Future Digital Healthcare, Hangzhou, 330110, China.
| | - Lin Tao
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-cancer Chinese Medicines, School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Rashad YM, Al Tami MS, Abdalla SA. Eliciting transcriptomic and antioxidant defensive responses against Rhizoctonia root rot of sorghum using the endophyte Aspergillus oryzae YRA3. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19823. [PMID: 37963959 PMCID: PMC10646029 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46696-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental pollution due to the improper use of the chemical fungicides represents a vital ecological problem, which affects human and animal health, as well as the microbial biodiversity and abundance in the soil. In this study, an endophytic fungus Aspergillus oryzae YRA3, isolated from the wild plant Atractylis carduus (Forssk.) C.Chr, was tested for its biocontrol activity against Rhizoctonia root rot of sorghum. The antagonistic potential of A. oryzae YRA3 was tested against Rhizoctonia solani in vitro. A full inhibition in the growth of R. solani was recorded indicating a strong antagonistic potential for this endophyte. To investigate the chemical composition of its metabolites, GC/MS analysis was used and thirty-two compounds in its culture filtrate were identified. Among these metabolites, some compounds with an antifungal background were detected including palmitic acid, 2-heptanone, and 2,3-butanediol. To these antifungal metabolites the antagonistic activity of A. oryzae YRA3 can be attributed. In the greenhouse experiment, treating of the infected sorghum plants with A. oryzae YRA3 significantly reduced severity of the Rhizoctonia root rot by 73.4%. An upregulation of the defensive genes (JERF3), (POD) and (CHI II) was recorded in sorghum roots when were inoculated with A. oryzae YRA3. In addition, an increment in the activity of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase, as well as the total phenolic content in the sorghum roots was also recorded. Furthermore, the results obtained from the greenhouse experiment revealed a growth-promoting effect for inoculating the sorghum plants with A. oryzae YRA3. It can be concluded that A. oryzae YRA3 can be a probable biological agent to control this disease in sorghum. However, its evaluation under field conditions is highly needed in the future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Younes M Rashad
- Plant Protection and Biomolecular Diagnosis Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute (ALCRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab, Alexandria, 21934, Egypt.
| | - Mona S Al Tami
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Qassim University, 51452, Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sara A Abdalla
- Plant Protection and Biomolecular Diagnosis Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute (ALCRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab, Alexandria, 21934, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Chen YJ, Chen HJ, Chung WH. Endophytic Fungal Diversity in Cirsium kawakamii from Taiwan. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:1076. [PMID: 37998881 PMCID: PMC10671896 DOI: 10.3390/jof9111076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The endophytic fungal diversity of Cirsium kawakamii, a herb indigenous to Taiwan, was analyzed in this study. In addition, some fungal isolates were evaluated for the risk they pose as plant pathogens. In total, 1836 endophytic fungi were isolated from C. kawakamii from Hehuanjian, Puli Township, and Tatachia. They were classified into 2 phyla, 8 classes, 40 families, and 68 genera. Colletotrichum, Fusarium, Phomopsis, and Xylaria, (Ascomycota, Sordariomycetes) were the dominant genera. The genus accumulation curve (based on the bootstrap estimator) was non-asymptotic, with estimated richness significantly exceeding the richness captured by our sampling to date. Considering the collection time, the data indicated significant differences in the proportions of the C. kawakamii endophyte genus from Hehuanjan, Puli Township (across two seasons), and Tatachia. The Shannon and Gini-Simpson indices revealed variations in diversity, with C. kawakamii endophytes (Puli Township in winter) significantly reducing alpha diversity compared with other seasons and locations. Meanwhile, the Gini-Simpson index suggested that there were no significant differences in richness among the four sampling sites. The PCA results unveiled distinct community structures across different locations and seasons, explaining 46.73% of the total variation in fungal community composition significantly affected diversity and richness. In addition, a considerable number of Fusarium isolates exhibited harmful properties towards wheat, potatoes, and apples. It is postulated that these fungi belong to the Fusarium tricinctum species complex (FTSC).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Jeng Chen
- Department of Plant Medicine, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 600, Taiwan;
| | - Hui-Juan Chen
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hsin Chung
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Master Program in Plant Medicine and Good Agricultural Practice, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Rani M, Jaglan S, Beniwal V, Chhokar V. Bioactive saponin profiling of endophytic fungi from Asparagus racemosus. Nat Prod Res 2023; 37:3889-3895. [PMID: 36525418 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2156997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Thirty-five distinct endophytic fungi were isolated from the roots of Asparagus racemosus. Five out of 35 isolates were found to be efficient saponins producers and they were identified as Aspergillus terreus (E.F-1), Aspergillus flavus (E.F-7), Penicillium sp. (E.F-12), Talaromyces pinophilus(S-26), and Aspergillus terreus (Y-2) based on 18 sr RNA sequencing. The crude extracts of endophytic fungi were screened using High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for quantitative analysis of saponin. The crude extracts of endophytic fungi were also characterised using FT-IR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The IR spectra of all five endophytic fungi crude extracts revealed the presence of -OH,-CH Alkyl,-CH3,-C-O-C,-C=C,-C=O stretching, which indicated the presence of saponin. Eight types of saponins recognised by mass spectrometry were Cyclamine saponin, Aspoligonin A, Sarsapogenin, Asparacosin A, Schidigera saponinD5, Aspargoside A, Dioscin, and Protodioscin. Endophytic fungi extracts also exhibited antimicrobial activity and antioxidant activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Rani
- Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Sandeep Jaglan
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Vikas Beniwal
- Department of Microbiology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana, India
| | - Vinod Chhokar
- Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana, India
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Katoch M, Qayum A, Kumar A, Rani P, Gupta P. Alternaria alternata (SDHY01/02), a fungus associated with Lamellodysidea herbacea: its anticancer potential and responsible constituent(s). Int Microbiol 2023; 26:1143-1155. [PMID: 37142818 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-023-00368-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
One of the biggest global causes of death is cancer. The side effects of currently available therapies have triggered the search for new drugs. The marine environment, with its vast biodiversity, including sponges, is a rich source of natural products with immense pharmaceutical potential. The aim of the study was to analyze the microbes associated with the marine sponge, Lamellodysidea herbacea, and explore them as resources for anticancer ability. This study includes the isolation of fungi from L. herbacea, and their evaluation for cytotoxic potential against human cancer cell lines such as A-549 (lung), HCT-116 (colorectal carcinoma), HT-1080 (Fibrosarcoma), and PC-3 (prostate) using MTT assay. This revealed that fifteen extracts showed significant anticancer ability (IC50 ≤ 20 µg/mL), at least against one of the cell lines. Three extracts, SPG12, SPG19, and SDHY 01/02, were found significant in terms of anticancer activity, at least against three to four cell lines (IC50 values ≤ 20 µg/mL). The fungus SDHY01/02 was identified by sequencing the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region as Alternaria alternata. Its extract showed IC50 values < 10 µg/mL against all the tested cell lines and was further analysed through light and fluorescence microscopy. The extract of SDHY01/02 was active (lowest IC50 4.27 µg/mL) against A549 cells in a dose-dependent manner and caused apoptotic cell death. Further, the extract was fractionated and analyzed the constituents by GC-MS (Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry). Di-ethyl ether fraction revealed the constituents (having anticancer activity) such pyrrolo[1,2-a] pyrazine-1,4-dione, hexahydro-3-(2-methyl propyl); 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[C]rhiophene-1-carboxylic acid cyclopropylamide; 17-pentatriacontene; 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (Z, Z)-, methyl ester; while DCM fraction contained Oleic acid, eicosyl ester. This is the first report of A. alternata with anticancer potential that has been isolated from the sponge L. herbacea, as far as we are aware.This A. alternata can be exploited to get anticancer molecule(s) in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meenu Katoch
- Fermentation and Microbial Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRD Centre Campus, Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
- Quality Control and Instrumentation Division, CSIR-IIIM, Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, India.
| | - Arem Qayum
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-IIIM, Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Quality Control and Instrumentation Division, CSIR-IIIM, Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, India
| | - Pragya Rani
- Fermentation and Microbial Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, India
| | - P Gupta
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRD Centre Campus, Ghaziabad, 201002, India
- Natural Products & Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, India
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Wijesekara T, Xu B. Health-Promoting Effects of Bioactive Compounds from Plant Endophytic Fungi. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:997. [PMID: 37888253 PMCID: PMC10608072 DOI: 10.3390/jof9100997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The study examines the intricate relationship between plants and the endophytic fungi inhabiting their tissues. These fungi harmoniously coexist with plants, forming a distinct symbiotic connection that has caught scientific attention due to its potential implications for plant health and growth. The diverse range of bioactive compounds produced by these fungi holds significant promise for human health. The review covers various aspects of this topic, starting by introducing endophytic microorganisms, explaining their colonization of different plant parts, and illuminating their potential roles in enhancing plant defense against diseases and promoting growth. The review emphasizes the widespread occurrence and diversity of these microorganisms among plant species while highlighting the complexities and significance of isolating and extracting bioactive compounds from them. It focuses on the health benefits of these bioactive compounds, including their capacity to exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anticancer effects. The review delves into the mechanisms behind these health-promoting effects, spotlighting how the compounds interact with cellular receptors, signaling pathways, and gene expression. In conclusion, the review provides a comprehensive overview of health-promoting bioactive compounds from plant endophytic fungi. It outlines their multifaceted impact, potential applications, and future research avenues in health and medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tharuka Wijesekara
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka;
| | - Baojun Xu
- Food Science and Technology Program, Department of Life Sciences, BNU-HKBU United International College, Zhuhai 519087, China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Chua RW, Song KP, Ting ASY. Comparative analysis of antimicrobial compounds from endophytic Buergenerula spartinae from orchid. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2023; 116:1057-1072. [PMID: 37597137 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-023-01870-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
A rare fungal endophyte, identified as Buergenerula spartinae (C28), was isolated from the roots of Cymbidium orchids and was characterised and evaluated for its antimicrobial activities. Bio-guided fractionation revealed 4 fractions from B. spartinae (C28) having antibacterial activities against at least one bacterial pathogen tested (Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus). However, inhibitory activities were absent against pathogenic fungi (Ganoderma boninense, Pythium ultimum and Fusarium solani). Fraction 2 and fraction 4 of B. spartinae (C28) exhibited potent antibacterial activities against S. aureus (MIC: 0.078 mg/mL) and B. cereus (MIC: 0.313 mg/mL), respectively. LCMS analysis revealed the presence of antibacterial agents and antibiotics in fraction 2 (benoxinate, pyropheophorbide A, (-)-ormosanine and N-undecylbenzenesulfonic acid) and fraction 4 (kaempferol 3-p-coumarate, 6-methoxy naphthalene acetic acid, levofuraltadone, hinokitiol glucoside, 3-α(S)-strictosidine, pyropheophorbide A, 5'-hydroxystreptomycin, kanzonol N and 3-butylidene-7-hydroxyphthalide), which may be responsible for the antibacterial activities observed. Most of the bioactive compounds profiled from the antibacterial fractions were discovered for the first time from endophytic isolates (i.e. from B. spartinae (C28)). Buergenerula spartinae (C28) from Cymbidium sp. is therefore, an untapped resource of bioactive compounds for potential applications in healthcare and commercial industries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ru Wei Chua
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Keang Peng Song
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Adeline Su Yien Ting
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Singh S, Kaur S, Kaur R, Kaur A. Impact of Plant Symbiotic Endophytic Fungus, Aspergillus terreus on Insect Herbivore Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2023; 52:932-944. [PMID: 37530941 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-023-01070-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Herbivorous insects are known to be resistant to fungal endophytes that asymptomatically inhabit plant tissues. The insecticidal ability of the endophytic fungus Aspergillus terreus isolated from Catharanthus roseus against Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) was assessed in the current study. The survival and growth of S. litura were adversely impacted by the ethyl acetate extract of endophytic A. terreus. Fungal extract supplemented diet caused 14 to 94% larval mortality in comparison to 2% in control. Additionally, retarded insect growth was observed after ingestion of supplemented diet. The fungal metabolites were also observed to have an inhibitory influence on the adult emergence and reproductive potential of adults. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of phenolic compounds in the crude extract of endophytic fungus which may be responsible for toxicity. It was also determined how endophyte-infected cauliflower plants affected S. litura's survival and growth. Endophyte-infected plants exhibited resistance to S. litura by causing 54% larval mortality and delaying development by 5.2 days. In comparison to uninfected plants, adult emergence, lifespan, fecundity and egg hatchability of insects was significantly decreased on infected plants. There was a significant decrease in relative growth and consumption rates as well as in the efficiency of food conversion, which indicates toxic and antifeedant effect of the fungus on S. litura. This suggests that endophyte-inoculated plants exhibit antibiosis against S. litura. In conclusion, the endophytic fungi having insecticidal activity could be used to develop alternative ecologically safe control strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Surbjit Singh
- Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Sanehdeep Kaur
- Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India.
| | - Rajvir Kaur
- Department of Microbiology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Amarjeet Kaur
- Department of Microbiology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Lacson MLB, Arbotante CA, Magdayao MJTE, Bundalian RD, Anas ARJ. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem high-resolution elevated mass spectrometry profiling of anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus metabolites from the endophytic bacteria collected from the weeds of a previous dumpsite. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1706:464228. [PMID: 37556933 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
The culturable endophytic bacteria from the weeds Cleome rutidosperma of the family Cleomaceae and Digitaria sanguinalis of the family Poaceae obtained from a previous dumpsite in Pampanga, Philippines have been assessed for their anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) activity, and the analytes with such activity should be identified. However, due to the limited amounts collected from the isolation process, 1.8 mg yield of compound 1 from the endophyte of C. rutidosperma and 1.2 mg of a mixture from the endophyte of D. sanguinalis were selected for LC-MSE analysis. The production of compounds from the culturable endophytic bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa- determined by gene-sequencing, an untargeted and data-independent analysis (DIA) by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-high resolution-elevated energy mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HR-MSE) technique was employed to profile the metabolites present in the two high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fractions. The analytes present from P. aeruginosa detected by UHPLC-HR-MSE isolated from C. rutidosperma was phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (1), and for D. sanguinalis were chamigrenal (2), dialkyl resorcinol (3), and a pyoverdine elicitor (4). This study proves that UHPLC-HR-MSE could identify the anti-MRSA constituents in P. aeruginosa from commensal weeds C. rutidosperma and D. sanguinalis. The UHPLC-HR-MSE could help strengthen metabolomics antibacterial research and its related applications from a future perspective. Application of metabolomics research using UHPLC-HR-MSE could enhance the rehabilitation of dumpsites by the microbial community present.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mona Lisa B Lacson
- Center for Advanced Research and Innovation, Office of the Vice President for Research and Innovation, Angeles University Foundation, Pampanga 2009 Philippines; College of Allied Medical Professions, Angeles University Foundation, Pampanga 2009 Philippines.
| | - Carolyn A Arbotante
- College of Arts and Sciences, Angeles University Foundation, Pampanga 2009 Philippines
| | - Ma Jamaica Trexy E Magdayao
- Applied Chemistry Laboratory Regional Research Center, University of the Philippines Visayas, Miag-ao, Iloilo 5023 Philippines
| | - Reynaldo Dl Bundalian
- Center for Advanced Research and Innovation, Office of the Vice President for Research and Innovation, Angeles University Foundation, Pampanga 2009 Philippines.
| | - Andrea Roxanne J Anas
- Department of Brain Function, Division of Stress Adaptation and Protection, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Chikusa-Ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan; Department of Molecular Pharmacokinetics, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya University, Chikusa-Ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Salwan R, Rana A, Saini R, Sharma A, Sharma M, Sharma V. Diversity analysis of endophytes with antimicrobial and antioxidant potential from Viola odorata: an endemic plant species of the Himalayas. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:2361-2374. [PMID: 37227628 PMCID: PMC10484869 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-01010-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Viola odorata, also known as "Banafshah" in high altitudes of Himalayas, is well known for its pharmaceutical importance in Ayurvedic and Unani medicinal system. The plant is a source of various drugs for its anti-inflammatory, diaphoretic, diuretic, emollient, expectorant, antipyretic, and laxative properties. The endophytes of plants have been reported for their role in modulating various physiological and biological processes of the host plants. In the present study, a total of 244 endophytes were isolated in pure cultures from the roots of Viola odorata, and genetic diversity was evaluated using amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis (ARDRA) and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC). The molecular fingerprinting revealed variation among various rRNA types among morphologically different endophytes based on ARDRA and ERIC-PCR. The screening of endophytes showed antimicrobial activity of 11 bacterial isolates and one actinomycete SGA9 against various pathogens Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis. The antioxidant activity revealed the majority of the bacterial isolates able to scavenge the free radical in the range of 10-50% and 8 bacterial isolates in the range of 50-85%. Principal component analysis separated eight isolates away from the central eclipse and form a separate group based on antimicrobial and antioxidant potential. The identification of these eight isolates showed affiliation with different species of the genus Enterobacter, Microbacterium, Pseudomonas, Rhizobium, and Streptomyces. This is the first report on the characterization of endophytic bacteria and actinomycetes from endemic Viola odorata. Results suggested that these endophytes could be explored for the production of antimicrobial and antioxidant products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richa Salwan
- College of Horticulture and Forestry (Dr. YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry), Neri, Hamirpur (HP), 177 001, India.
| | - Aditi Rana
- College of Horticulture and Forestry (Dr. YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry), Neri, Hamirpur (HP), 177 001, India
| | - Raj Saini
- College of Horticulture and Forestry (Dr. YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry), Neri, Hamirpur (HP), 177 001, India
| | - Amit Sharma
- College of Horticulture and Forestry (Dr. YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry), Neri, Hamirpur (HP), 177 001, India
| | - Monica Sharma
- College of Horticulture and Forestry (Dr. YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry), Neri, Hamirpur (HP), 177 001, India
| | - Vivek Sharma
- University Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali (PB.), 140 413, India
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Zhang H, Xia Y, Cui JL, Ji X, Miao SM, Zhang G, Li YM. The composition characteristics of endophytic communities and their relationship with metabolites profile in Ephedra sinica under wild and cultivated conditions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:95648-95659. [PMID: 37556062 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29145-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Ephedra sinica is one of the most famous Chinese medicinal plants. The insufficient supply of wild resources has led to the increased use of cultivated products. However, the related medicinal quality differs significantly. Although the influence of external environment on the quality of E. sinica has been studied, the impact of endophytic microbes on it remains vague. This study characterized differential metabolites and microbial community compositions in wild and cultivated E. sinica by combining metabolomics with microbiomics, and explored the effect of endophytes on the formation of differential metabolites further. The results showed that the difference in quality between wild and cultivated E. sinica was mainly in the productions of alkaloids, flavonoids, and terpenoids. The associated endophytes had special compositional characteristics. For instance, the distribution and abundance of dominant endophytes varied between wild and cultivated E. sinica. Several endophytes had significant or highly significant correlations with the formations of ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, D-cathinone, methcathinone, coumarin, kaempferol, rhamnetin, or phenylacetic acid. This study will deepen our understanding of the plant-endophyte interactions and provide a strategy for the quality control of E. sinica products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, China
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, China
| | - Ye Xia
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Jin-Long Cui
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, China.
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Xin Ji
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, China
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, China
| | - Shuang-Man Miao
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, China
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, China
| | - Gang Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, 712046, China
| | - Yi-Min Li
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, 712046, China
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Parashar M, Dhar SK, Kaur J, Chauhan A, Tamang J, Singh GB, Lyudmila A, Perveen K, Khan F, Bukhari NA, Mudgal G, Gururani MA. Two Novel Plant-Growth-Promoting Lelliottia amnigena Isolates from Euphorbia prostrata Aiton Enhance the Overall Productivity of Wheat and Tomato. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3081. [PMID: 37687328 PMCID: PMC10490547 DOI: 10.3390/plants12173081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Euphorbiaceae is a highly diverse family of plants ranging from trees to ground-dwelling minute plants. Many of these have multi-faceted attributes like ornamental, medicinal, industrial, and food-relevant values. In addition, they have been regarded as keystone resources for investigating plant-specific resilience mechanisms that grant them the dexterity to withstand harsh climates. In the present study, we isolated two co-culturable bacterial endophytes, EP1-AS and EP1-BM, from the stem internodal segments of the prostate spurge, Euphorbia prostrata, a plant member of the succulent family Euphorbiaceae. We characterized them using morphological, biochemical, and molecular techniques which revealed them as novel strains of Enterobacteriaceae, Lelliotia amnigena. Both the isolates significantly were qualified during the assaying of their plant growth promotion potentials. BM formed fast-growing swarms while AS showed growth as rounded colonies over nutrient agar. We validated the PGP effects of AS and BM isolates through in vitro and ex vitro seed-priming treatments with wheat and tomato, both of which resulted in significantly enhanced seed germination and morphometric and physiological plant growth profiles. In extended field trials, both AS and BM could remarkably also exhibit productive yields in wheat grain and tomato fruit harvests. This is probably the first-ever study in the context of PGPB endophytes in Euphorbia prostrata. We discuss our results in the context of promising agribiotechnology translations of the endophyte community associated with the otherwise neglected ground-dwelling spurges of Euphorbiaceae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Parashar
- University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Mohali 140413, Punjab, India (S.K.D.); (J.K.); (G.B.S.)
| | - Sanjoy Kumar Dhar
- University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Mohali 140413, Punjab, India (S.K.D.); (J.K.); (G.B.S.)
| | - Jaspreet Kaur
- University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Mohali 140413, Punjab, India (S.K.D.); (J.K.); (G.B.S.)
| | - Arjun Chauhan
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Applied Sciences & Humanities, GLA University, Mathura 281406, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jeewan Tamang
- University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Mohali 140413, Punjab, India (S.K.D.); (J.K.); (G.B.S.)
| | - Gajendra Bahadur Singh
- University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Mohali 140413, Punjab, India (S.K.D.); (J.K.); (G.B.S.)
| | - Asyakina Lyudmila
- Laboratory for Phytoremediation of Technogenically Disturbed Ecosystems, Kemerovo State University, Krasnaya Street, 6, 65000 Kemerovo, Russia
| | - Kahkashan Perveen
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia (N.A.B.)
| | - Faheema Khan
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia (N.A.B.)
| | - Najat A. Bukhari
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia (N.A.B.)
| | - Gaurav Mudgal
- University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Mohali 140413, Punjab, India (S.K.D.); (J.K.); (G.B.S.)
| | - Mayank Anand Gururani
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Yang D, Lin X, Wei Y, Li Z, Zhang H, Liang T, Yang S, Tan H. Can endophytic microbial compositions in cane roots be shaped by different propagation methods. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0290167. [PMID: 37582116 PMCID: PMC10427008 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In practical production, cane stems with buds are generally used as seed for propagation. However, long-terms cane stems only easily lead to some problems such as disease sensitivity, quality loss, etc. Recently, cane seedings, which are produced by tissue culture were used in sugarcane production, but few studies on cane health related to tissue culture seedings. Therefore, to evaluate the immunity and health of sugarcanes growing from different reproduction modes, the endophytic microbial compositions in cane roots between stem and tissue culture seedlings were analyzed using high-throughput techniques. The results showed that the endophytic microbial compositions in cane roots were significant differences between stem and tissue culture seedlings. At the genus level, Pantoea, Bacillus, Streptomyces, Lechevalieria, Pseudomonas, Nocardioides, unclassified_f__Comamonadaceae enriched as the dominant endophytic bacterial genera, and Rhizoctonia, Sarocladium, Scytalidium, Wongia, Fusarium, unclassified_f__Phaeosphaer, unclassified_c__Sordariom, unclassified_f__Stachybot, Poaceascoma, Microdochium, Arnium, Echria, Mycena and Exophiala enriched as the dominant endophytic fungal genera in cane roots growing from the tissue culture seedlings. In contrast, Mycobacterium, Massilia, Ralstonia, unclassified_f__Pseudonocardiacea, norank_f__Micropepsaceae, Leptothrix and Bryobacter were the dominant endophytic bacterial genera, and unclassified_k__Fungi, unclassified_f__Marasmiaceae, Talaromyces, unclassified_c__Sordariomycetes and Trichocladium were the dominant endophytic fungal genera in cane roots growing from stem seedlings. Additionally, the numbers of bacterial and fungal operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in cane roots growing from tissue culture seedlings were significantly higher than those of stem seedlings. It indicates that not only the endophytic microbial compositions in cane roots can be shaped by different propagation methods, but also the stress resistance of sugarcanes can be improved by the tissue culture propagation method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Da Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agro-Products Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, Agricultural College, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Xinru Lin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agro-Products Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, Agricultural College, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yufei Wei
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agro-Products Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, Agricultural College, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Zujian Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agro-Products Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, Agricultural College, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Haodong Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agro-Products Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, Agricultural College, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Tian Liang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Shangdong Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agro-Products Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, Agricultural College, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Hongwei Tan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Eldeghidy A, Abdel-Fattah G, El-Sayed ASA, Abdel-Fattah GG. Production, bioprocessing and antiproliferative activity of camptothecin from Aspergillus terreus, endophyte of Cinnamomum camphora: restoring their biosynthesis by indigenous microbiome of C. camphora. Microb Cell Fact 2023; 22:143. [PMID: 37533061 PMCID: PMC10399021 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-023-02158-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal producing potency of camptothecin (CPT) raise the hope for their usage to be a platform for industrial production of CPT, nevertheless, attenuation of their productivity of CPT with the subculturing and preservation is the challenge. So, screening for novel endophytic fungal isolates with a reliable CPT-biosynthetic stability was the objective. Among the isolated endophytic fungi from the tested medicinal plants, Aspergillus terreus OQ642314.1, endophyte of Cinnamomum camphora, exhibits the highest yield of CPT (89.4 μg/l). From the NMR, FT-IR and LC-MS/MS analyses, the extracted CPT from A. terreus gave the same structure and molecular mass fragmentation pattern of authentic CPT (349 m/z). The putative CPT had a significant activity against MCF7 (0.27 µM) and HEPG-2 (0.8 µM), with a strong affinity to inhibits the human Topoisomerase 1 activity (IC50 0.362 μg/ml) as revealed from the Gel-based DNA relaxation assay. The purified CPT displayed a strong antimicrobial activity for various bacterial (E. coli and B. cereus) and fungal (A. flavus and A. parasiticus) isolates, ensuring the unique tertiary, and stereo-structure of A. terreus for penetrating the microbial cell walls and targeting the topoisomerase I. The higher dual activity of the purified CPT as antimicrobial and antitumor, emphasize their therapeutic efficiency, especially with growth of the opportunistic microorganisms due to the suppression of human immune system with the CPT uses in vivo. The putative CPT had an obvious activity against the tumor cell (MCF7) metastasis, and migration as revealed from the wound healing assay. The overall yield of A. terreus CPT was maximized with the Blackett-Burman design by twofolds increment (164.8 μg/l). The CPT yield by A. terreus was successively diminished with the multiple fungal subculturing, otherwise, the CPT productivity of A. terreus was restored, and increased over the zero culture upon coculturing with C. camphora microbiome (1.5% w/v), ensuring the restoring of CPT biosynthetic potency of A. terreus by the plant microbiome-derived chemical signals "microbial communication". This is the first report exploring the feasibility of A. terreus "endophyte of C. camphora" to be a preliminary platform for commercial production of CPT with a reliable sustainability upon uses of indigenous C. camphora microbiome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abeer Eldeghidy
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Gamal Abdel-Fattah
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ashraf S A El-Sayed
- Enzymology and Fungal Biotechnology Lab, Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Ghada G Abdel-Fattah
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|