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Kock L, Shahab L, Moore G, Shortt NK, Pearce J, Brown J. Assessing the profile of support for potential tobacco control policies targeting availability in Great Britain: a cross-sectional population survey. Tob Control 2024; 33:221-231. [PMID: 36008128 DOI: 10.1136/tc-2022-057508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AIM To examine the level of support for tobacco availability policies across Great Britain (GB) and associations between support for policy and sociodemographic, smoking and quitting characteristics. METHODS A cross-sectional representative survey (the Smoking Toolkit Study) of adults in GB (n=2197) during September 2021. Logistic regressions estimated the associations between support for each policy and sociodemographic and smoking characteristics. FINDINGS There was majority support for requiring retailers to have a license which can be removed if they sell to those under-age (89.6%) and for restrictions on the sale of cigarettes and tobacco near schools (69.9%). More supported than opposed raising the legal age of sale of cigarettes and tobacco to 21 (49.2% supported; 30.7% opposed; 20.1% unsure) and reducing the number of retailers selling tobacco in neighbourhoods with a high density of tobacco retailers (46.5% supported; 23.3% opposed; 30.2% unsure). More opposed than supported a ban on the sale of cigarettes and tobacco to everyone born after a certain year from 2030 onward (a 'tobacco-free generation') (41.3% opposed; 34.5% supported; 24.2% unsure). Age was positively associated with support for raising the age of sale and inversely associated with requiring tobacco retailer licenses. Women were more likely to support raising the age of sale and reducing the number of retailers. CONCLUSIONS Requiring tobacco retailer licensing and restrictions on sales near schools received majority support. Other tobacco availability policies received substantial support despite considerable opposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loren Kock
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Lion Shahab
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Graham Moore
- School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Niamh K Shortt
- School of Geosciences, Univerity of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jamie Pearce
- School of Geosciences, Univerity of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jamie Brown
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
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Rubenstein D, Carroll DM, Denlinger-Apte RL, Cornacchione Ross J, McClernon FJ. Differences in Normative Beliefs and Tobacco Product Use by Age Among Adults Who Smoke: Cross-Sectional Analysis of a Nationally Representative Sample. SUBSTANCE USE & ADDICTION JOURNAL 2024; 45:54-64. [PMID: 38258860 DOI: 10.1177/29767342231210554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of combusted cigarette (CC) smoking among older adults is stagnant, with 0 declines attributable to e-cigarette (EC) use. Given that normative beliefs are associated with quitting and switching to ECs, we assessed cross-sectional associations between age, CC, and EC descriptive and injunctive norms and potential interactions with tobacco use behavior. METHODS Data are from people with current, established (≥100 lifetime CCs) CC use (n = 8072) at Wave 5 (2018-2019) of the adult Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study. We used adjusted multivariable logistic regressions to model social norms as a function of age (18-24, 25-34, 35-44, 45-54, 55-64, ≥65 years). We also dichotomized age (≥55 vs 18-54) to investigate interactions between age and social norms on past 12-month CC quit attempts and past-month EC use. RESULTS Older age was positively associated with pro- and anti-CC norms and anti-EC norms. Significant interactive effects revealed that being advised to quit smoking by a healthcare provider was more strongly associated with CC quit attempts among adults ≥55 years (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] [95% CI]: 2.12 [1.66, 2.71]) than adults <55 years (aOR: 1.63 [1.34, 2.00]). Reporting people close to you use ECs was also more strongly associated with EC use among adults ≥55 years (aOR: 4.37 [3.35, 5.69]) than among adults <55 years (aOR: 3.43 [2.89, 4.08]). CONCLUSIONS This study identified modifiable risk factors for tobacco use that may be particularly beneficial for older adults. Behavioral and communication interventions that target normative beliefs may maximize smoking cessation, or harm reduction when cessation is not possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Rubenstein
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Dana M Carroll
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Rachel L Denlinger-Apte
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Jennifer Cornacchione Ross
- Department of Health Law, Policy and Management, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - F Joseph McClernon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
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Pang B, Saleme P, Seydel T, Kim J, Knox K, Rundle-Thiele S. The effectiveness of graphic health warnings on tobacco products: a systematic review on perceived harm and quit intentions. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:884. [PMID: 34011338 PMCID: PMC8135180 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10810-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Examination of the format and framing of the graphic health warnings (GHWs) on tobacco products and their impact on tobacco cessation has received increasing attention. This review focused on systematically identifying and synthesizing evidence of longitudinal studies that evaluate different GHW formats and specifically considered GHW influence on perceived risk of tobacco use and quit intentions. METHODS Ten databases were systematically searched for relevant records in December 2017 and again in September 2019. Thirty-five longitudinal studies were identified and analyzed in terms of the formatting of GHWs and the outcomes of perceived risk and quit intentions. Quality assessment of all studies was conducted. RESULTS This review found graphics exceeding 50% of packs were the most common ratio for GHWs, and identified an ongoing reliance on negatively framed messages and limited source attribution. Perceived harms and quit intentions were increased by GHWs. However, wear-out effects were observed regardless of GHW format indicating the length of time warnings are present in market warrants ongoing research attention to identify wear out points. Quit intentions and perceived harm were also combined into a cognitive response measure, limiting the evaluation of the effects of each GHW format variables in those cases. In addition, alternative GHW package inserts were found to be a complimentary approach to traditional GHWs. CONCLUSIONS This review demonstrated the role of GHWs on increasing quit intentions and perceptions of health risks by evaluating quality-assessed longitudinal research designs. The findings of this study recommend testing alternate GHW formats that communicate quit benefits and objective methodologies to extend beyond self-report.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Pang
- Social marketing @ Griffith, Department of Marketing, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, QLD 4111 Australia
| | - Pamela Saleme
- Social marketing @ Griffith, Department of Marketing, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, QLD 4111 Australia
| | - Tori Seydel
- Social marketing @ Griffith, Department of Marketing, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, QLD 4111 Australia
| | - Jeawon Kim
- Social marketing @ Griffith, Department of Marketing, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, QLD 4111 Australia
| | - Kathy Knox
- Social marketing @ Griffith, Department of Marketing, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, QLD 4111 Australia
| | - Sharyn Rundle-Thiele
- Social marketing @ Griffith, Department of Marketing, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, QLD 4111 Australia
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Hu Y, Xie J, Chang X, Chen J, Wang W, Zhang L, Zhong R, Chen O, Yu X, Zou Y. Characteristics and Predictors of Abstinence Among Smokers of a Smoking Cessation Clinic in Hunan China. Front Public Health 2021; 9:615817. [PMID: 33816416 PMCID: PMC8017299 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.615817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: More than 300 million smokers make China the largest cigarette consumer globally, which is a huge economic burden. Smoking cessation (SC) clinics can offer counseling and follow-up services. The operational experience of SC clinics in China needs to be summarized and improved based on research evidence. Purpose: The objectives of this study were to describe quit rates among attendees of SC clinics in Hunan and assess predictors of successful SC. Methods: The participants in this study were smokers who visited the SC clinic of Hunan Cancer Hospital from February 1, 2015 to September 30, 2018. Individuals who received individual counseling and assessment from the SC clinic staff and were willing to quit smoking were eligible for inclusion. Those with critical illness or cancer were excluded. Application of smoking cessation clinic registration form (unified by Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention) was used to assess participants at the consultation. Follow-ups and counseling were performed over telephone at 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months after the initial cessation consultation or in times of need. Successful SC was checked for at 3 months after the start of SC. Results: A total of 328 smokers (mean age 45.67 ± 12.38 years) had participated. The abstinence rate at 3 months was 28.4%. Binary regression analysis revealed significant independent predictors to be the total numbers of SC follow up sessions, previous SC attempts, and participants' decision on when to quit smoking (The relative to quit immediately group, quit within 30 days, quit after 30 days, and undecided quit were less likely to succeed in quitting. while quit within seven days had no statistical significance. Conclusion: SC clinics can achieve a desirably high quit rate. Participant's previous attempts at quitting, three or more follow-ups, and the decision to quit immediately or within seven days were factors helpful in predicting the success of SC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yina Hu
- Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianghua Xie
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaochang Chang
- Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianhua Chen
- Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lemeng Zhang
- Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Rui Zhong
- Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ouying Chen
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Xinhua Yu
- Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yanhui Zou
- Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
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East KA, Hitchman SC, McNeill A, Ferguson SG, Yong HH, Cummings KM, Fong GT, Borland R. Trends in Social Norms Towards Smoking Between 2002 and 2015 Among Daily Smokers: Findings From the International Tobacco Control Four Country Survey (ITC 4C). Nicotine Tob Res 2021; 23:203-211. [PMID: 31532483 PMCID: PMC7789950 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntz179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess trends in daily smokers' social norms and opinions of smoking between 2002 and 2015 in Canada, the United States, the United Kingdom, and Australia. METHOD Data were from wave 1 (2002) to wave 9 (2013-2015) of the longitudinal International Tobacco Control Four Country Survey (Canada, the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia), involving 23 831 adult daily smokers. Generalized estimating equation logistic regression models, adjusted for demographics and survey design effects, assessed associations of wave and country with outcomes: (A) over half of five closest friends smoke, (B) agreeing that people important to you believe you should not smoke, (C) agreeing that society disapproves of smoking, and (D) negative opinion of smoking. RESULTS Between 2002 and 2015, adjusting for covariates, (A) over half of five closest friends smoke did not change (56% vs. 55%; adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.95 [95% Confidence Interval = 0.85-1.07]), (B) agreeing that people important to you believe you should not smoke generally decreased (89% vs. 82%; AOR = 0.54 [0.46-0.64]) despite an increase around 2006-2007, (C) agreeing that society disapproves of smoking increased between 2002 and 2006-2007 (83% vs. 87%; AOR = 1.38 [1.24-1.54]) then decreased until 2013-2015 (78%; AOR = 0.74 [0.63-0.88]), and (D) negative opinion of smoking decreased between 2002 and 2010-2011 (54% vs. 49%; AOR = 0.83 [0.75-0.91]) despite an increase around 2005-2006 and at the final wave (2013-2015). Except friend smoking, Canada had the greatest, and the United Kingdom the lowest, antismoking social norms and opinions. CONCLUSIONS Except friend smoking and opinion of smoking, daily smokers' social norms became less antismoking between 2002 and 2015 despite increases around 2006-2007. Several potential explanations are discussed yet remain undetermined. IMPLICATIONS Increasingly comprehensive tobacco control policies alongside decreasing smoking prevalence in Canada, the United States, the United Kingdom, and Australia have led to the assumption that smoking has become denormalized in these countries. Absent from the literature is any formal assessment of social norms towards smoking over time. Contrary to our hypotheses, this study found that the injunctive social norms of daily smokers became less antismoking between 2002 and 2015, despite increases around 2006-2007. There was no change over time in the proportion of daily smokers who report that over half of their five closest friends smoke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A East
- National Addiction Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, Nottingham, UK
| | - Sara C Hitchman
- National Addiction Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, Nottingham, UK
| | - Ann McNeill
- National Addiction Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, Nottingham, UK
| | - Stuart G Ferguson
- College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Hua-Hie Yong
- Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - K Michael Cummings
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Geoffrey T Fong
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ron Borland
- Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Park C, Lee J. Stakeholder framing, communicative interaction, and policy legitimacy: anti-smoking policy in South Korea. POLICY SCIENCES 2020; 53:637-665. [PMID: 32836406 PMCID: PMC7347257 DOI: 10.1007/s11077-020-09394-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Since the emergence of the argumentative turn in critical policy studies, increasing attention has been paid to the crucial role played by language, context, and communicative practices in the policy process. This study aims to investigate communicative interaction between state elites and societal stakeholders in South Korea with a focus on the anti-smoking policies of two different administrations: the Roh administration (2003-2008) and the Park administration (2013-2017). As a theoretical base, this paper proposes a stakeholder-oriented approach to legitimacy, which incorporates a policy frame analysis with the concept of a three-tier policy structure (i.e., policy goals, policy tools, and tool settings). In assessing policy legitimacy, the stakeholder-oriented approach examines whether there is congruence between the three-tier policy structure and the corresponding stakeholder framing. In the Roh administration, the policy frames among the three tiers of policy structure were centered on public health promotion, whereas in the Park administration, they expanded to the domain of tax policy. The empirical findings underscore the importance of two-way communication between the government and societal stakeholders, which can be evidenced using policy frame analysis. Ultimately, the results show that policy legitimacy is more likely to be guaranteed if there is no hidden or predetermined policy intention that can be detected by stakeholder framing analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chisung Park
- College of Public Service, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jooha Lee
- Department of Public Administration, Dongguk University, Seoul, South Korea
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East KA, Hitchman SC, McNeill A, Thrasher JF, Hammond D. Social norms towards smoking and vaping and associations with product use among youth in England, Canada, and the US. Drug Alcohol Depend 2019; 205:107635. [PMID: 31765990 PMCID: PMC6905149 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.107635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study assesses differences in social norms towards smoking and vaping among youth across countries (England, Canada, US) and smoking and vaping status. METHODS Data are from the 2017 ITC Youth Tobacco and Vaping Survey, among youth age 16-19 in England (N = 3444), Canada (N = 3327), and US (N = 3509). Prevalence of friend smoking, friend vaping, peer approval of smoking, and peer approval of vaping were estimated. Adjusted logistic regression models were estimated for each norm to assess associations with country, smoking status, and vaping status, adjusting for sociodemographics, alcohol use, and marijuana use. RESULTS 47% and 52% reported friend smoking and vaping respectively. Perceived peer approval of vaping (44%) was almost double that of smoking (23%). Compared with England, fewer Canadian and US youth reported friend smoking (Canada: AOR = 0.71 [95% CI = 0.62-0.82]; US: AOR = 0.54 [0.47-0.62]) and peer approval of smoking (Canada: AOR = 0.74 [0.63-0.87]; US: AOR = 0.78 [0.67-0.91]), yet more reported peer approval of vaping (Canada: AOR = 1.23 [1.08-1.41]; US: AOR = 1.30 [1.14-1.48]). More Canadian than English youth reported friend vaping (AOR = 1.17 [1.02-1.36]). Friend smoking, peer approval of smoking, and friend vaping were more common among smokers and vapers (all p < .02). Peer approval of vaping was more common among vapers but less common among smokers (all p < .044). CONCLUSIONS Youth had more positive vaping than smoking norms. English youth reported the most pro-smoking but least pro-vaping norms in adjusted models; this was unexpected given country differences in regulatory environments. Norms towards both products were associated with use, with some evidence of cross-product associations between norms and behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A East
- National Addiction Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK; UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, UK.
| | - Sara C Hitchman
- National Addiction Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK; UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, UK.
| | - Ann McNeill
- National Addiction Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK; UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, UK.
| | - James F Thrasher
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, USA; Department of Tobacco Research, Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Mexico.
| | - David Hammond
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Canada.
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Thomas DP, Lyons L, Borland R. Predictors and reasons for starting and sustaining quit attempts in a national cohort of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander smokers. Drug Alcohol Rev 2019; 38:244-253. [DOI: 10.1111/dar.12917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David P. Thomas
- Tobacco Control Research, Menzies School of Health ResearchCharles Darwin University Darwin Australia
| | - Louise Lyons
- Public Health and ResearchVictorian Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organisation Melbourne Australia
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van den Brand FA, Nagelhout GE, Hummel K, Willemsen MC, McNeill A, van Schayck OCP. Does free or lower cost smoking cessation medication stimulate quitting? Findings from the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Netherlands and UK Surveys. Tob Control 2018; 28:s61-s67. [PMID: 29618494 DOI: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2017-054023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether mentioning free or lower cost smoking cessation medication as a trigger for thinking about quitting is related to higher medication use, more quit attempts and quit success, and whether these associations are modified by education and income. METHODS Data were derived from the 2013 and 2014 surveys of the International Tobacco Control Netherlands (n=1164) and UK (n=768) cohort. Logistic regression analyses were used to assess associations between mentioning in 2013 that free/lower cost smoking cessation medication was a trigger for thinking about quitting smoking and the use of medication, quit attempts and smoking cessation in 2014. RESULTS 37.0% of smokers in the UK and 24.9% of smokers in the Netherlands mentioned free/lower cost medication as a trigger for thinking about quitting. Smokers who mentioned this trigger were more likely to have used cessation medication during a quit attempt both in the UK (OR=4.19, p<0.001) and in the Netherlands (OR=2.14, p=0.033). The association between mentioning free/lower cost medication as a trigger for thinking about quitting and actual quit attempts was significant in the UK (OR=1.45, p=0.030), but not in the Netherlands (OR=1.10, p=0.587). There was no significant association with quit success. Associations did not differ across income and education groups. CONCLUSION Free/lower cost smoking cessation medication may increase the use of cessation medication and stimulate quit attempts among smokers with low, moderate and high education and income.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floor A van den Brand
- Department of Family Medicine, Maastricht University (CAPHRI), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Gera E Nagelhout
- Department of Family Medicine, Maastricht University (CAPHRI), Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Health Promotion, Maastricht University (CAPHRI), Maastricht, The Netherlands.,IVO Addiction Research Institute, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Karin Hummel
- Department of Health Promotion, Maastricht University (CAPHRI), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marc C Willemsen
- Department of Health Promotion, Maastricht University (CAPHRI), Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Netherlands Expertise Center for Tobacco Control (NET), Trimbos Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ann McNeill
- Department of Addictions, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Onno C P van Schayck
- Department of Family Medicine, Maastricht University (CAPHRI), Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Hummel K, Nagelhout GE, Fong GT, Vardavas CI, Papadakis S, Herbeć A, Mons U, van den Putte B, Borland R, Fernández E, de Vries H, McNeill A, Gravely S, Przewoźniak K, Kovacs P, Trofor AC, Willemsen MC. Quitting activity and use of cessation assistance reported by smokers in eight European countries: Findings from the EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Surveys. Tob Induc Dis 2018; 16:A6. [PMID: 31363422 PMCID: PMC6659556 DOI: 10.18332/tid/98912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is clear evidence that the use of cessation aids significantly increases the likelihood of successful smoking cessation. The aim of this study was to examine quitting activity and use of cessation aids among smokers from various European countries. Subgroup differences were also examined for sex, income, education, and age in each country. METHODS Cross-sectional data were collected in 2016 from 10,683 smokers in eight European countries participating in the ITC Project: England (n=3,536), Germany (n=1,003), Greece (n=1,000), Hungary (n=1,000), the Netherlands (n=1,136), Poland (n=1,006), Romania (n=1,001), and Spain (n=1,001). We measured quitting activity, including quit attempts in the previous 12 months and intention to quit, use of cessation aids (i.e., medication, quitlines, internet, local services, and e-cigarettes), and whether respondents had received advice about quitting and e-cigarettes from health professionals. RESULTS Quit attempts were most common in England (46.3%) and least common in Hungary (10.4%). Quit intention was highest in England and lowest in Greece. Use of e-cigarettes to quit was highest in England (51.6%) and lowest in Spain (5.0%). Use of cessation aids was generally low across all countries; in particular this was true for quitlines, internet-based support, and local services. Receiving health professional advice to quit was highest in Romania (56.5%), and lowest in Poland (20.8%); few smokers received advice about e-cigarettes from health professionals. No clear differences were found for sex and income groups. Across countries, smokers with lower education reported less quitting activity. CONCLUSIONS Quitting activity and use of cessation methods were low in most countries. Greater quit attempts and use of cessation aids were found in England, where large investments in tobacco control and smoking cessation have been made. Health professionals are important for motivating smokers to quit and promoting the effectiveness of various methods, but overall, few smokers get advice to quit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Hummel
- Department of Health Promotion, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Gera E. Nagelhout
- Department of Health Promotion, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Department of Family Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- IVO Research Institute, The Hague, the Netherlands
| | - Geoffrey T. Fong
- Department of Psychology & School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Canada
| | - Constantine I. Vardavas
- University of Crete (UoC), Heraklion, Greece
- European Network on Smoking and Tobacco Prevention (ENSP), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sophia Papadakis
- University of Crete (UoC), Heraklion, Greece
- Division of Prevention and Rehabilitation, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Aleksandra Herbeć
- Health Promotion Foundation, Warsaw, Poland
- UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ute Mons
- Cancer Prevention Unit & WHO Collaborating Centre for Tobacco Control, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bas van den Putte
- Department of Communication, University of Amsterdam (ASCoR), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Expertise Center for Tobacco Control, Trimbos Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ron Borland
- Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Esteve Fernández
- Tobacco Control Unit, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), and Cancer Control and Prevention Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet, Catalonia, Spain
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Hein de Vries
- Department of Health Promotion, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Ann McNeill
- UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, London, United Kingdom
- Addictions Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Shannon Gravely
- Department of Psychology & School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Krzysztof Przewoźniak
- Health Promotion Foundation, Warsaw, Poland
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute - Oncology Center, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piroska Kovacs
- Smoking or Health Hungarian Foundation (SHHF), Budapest, Hungary
| | - Antigona C. Trofor
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy ‘Grigore T. Popa’ Iasi, Iasi, Romania
- Aer Pur Romania, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Marc C. Willemsen
- Department of Health Promotion, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Expertise Center for Tobacco Control, Trimbos Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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