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Koerber-Rosso I, Brandt S, von Schnurbein J, Fischer-Posovszky P, Hoegel J, Rabenstein H, Siebert R, Wabitsch M. A fresh look to the phenotype in mono-allelic likely pathogenic variants of the leptin and the leptin receptor gene. Mol Cell Pediatr 2021; 8:10. [PMID: 34448070 PMCID: PMC8390564 DOI: 10.1186/s40348-021-00119-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptin (LEP) and leptin receptor (LEPR) play a major role in energy homeostasis, metabolism, and reproductive function. While effects of biallelic likely pathogenic variants (-/-) on the phenotype are well characterized, effects of mono-allelic likely pathogenic variants (wt/-) in the LEP and LEPR gene on the phenotype compared to wild-type homozygosity (wt/wt) have not been systematically investigated. We identified in our systematic review 44 animal studies (15 on Lep, 29 on Lepr) and 39 studies in humans reporting on 130 mono-allelic likely pathogenic variant carriers with 20 distinct LEP variants and 108 heterozygous mono-allelic likely pathogenic variant carriers with 35 distinct LEPR variants. We found indications for a higher weight status in carriers of mono-allelic likely pathogenic variant in the leptin and in the leptin receptor gene compared to wt/wt, in both animal and human studies. In addition, animal studies showed higher body fat percentage in Lep and Lepr wt/- vs wt/wt. Animal studies provided indications for lower leptin levels in Lep wt/- vs. wt/wt and indications for higher leptin levels in Lepr wt/- vs wt/wt. Data on leptin levels in human studies was limited. Evidence for an impaired metabolism in mono-allelic likely pathogenic variants of the leptin and in leptin receptor gene was not conclusive (animal and human studies). Mono-allelic likely pathogenic variants in the leptin and in leptin receptor gene have phenotypic effects disposing to increased body weight and fat accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Koerber-Rosso
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Stephanie Brandt
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Julia von Schnurbein
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Pamela Fischer-Posovszky
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Josef Hoegel
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Ulm, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Hannah Rabenstein
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Ulm, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Reiner Siebert
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Ulm, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Martin Wabitsch
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
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Steiner AA, Dogan MD, Ivanov AI, Patel S, Rudaya AY, Jennings DH, Orchinik M, Pace TWW, O'connor KA, Watkins LR, Romanovsky AA. A new function of the leptin receptor: mediation of the recovery from lipopolysaccharide-induced hypothermia. FASEB J 2004; 18:1949-51. [PMID: 15388670 DOI: 10.1096/fj.04-2295fje] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Obese (f/f) Koletsky rats lack the leptin receptor (LR), whereas their lean (F/?) counterparts bear a fully functional LR. By using f/f and F/? rats, we studied whether the LR is involved in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced fever and hypothermia. The body temperature responses to LPS (10 or 100 microg/kg iv) were measured in Koletsky rats exposed to a thermoneutral (28 degrees C) or cool (22 degrees C) environment. Rats of both genotypes responded to LPS with fever at 28 degrees C and with dose-dependent hypothermia at 22 degrees C. The fever responses of the f/f and F/? rats were identical. The hypothermic response of the f/f rats was markedly prolonged compared with that of the F/? rats. The prolonged hypothermic response to LPS in the f/f rats was accompanied by enhanced NF-kappaB signaling in the hypothalamus and an exaggerated rise in the plasma concentration of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha. The f/f rats did not respond to LPS with an increase in the plasma concentration of corticosterone or adrenocorticotropic hormone, whereas their F/? counterparts did. The hypothermic response to TNF-alpha (80 microg/kg iv) was markedly prolonged in the f/f rats. These data show that the LR is essential for the recovery from LPS hypothermia. LR-dependent mechanisms of the recovery from LPS hypothermia include activation of the anti-inflammatory hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis, inhibition of both the production and hypothermic action of TNF-alpha, and suppression of inflammatory (via NF-kappaB) signaling in the hypothalamus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre A Steiner
- Systemic Inflammation Laboratory, Trauma Research, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona 85013, USA
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Ferré P, Burnol AF, Leturque A, Terretaz J, Penicaud L, Jeanrenaud B, Girard J. Glucose utilization in vivo and insulin-sensitivity of rat brown adipose tissue in various physiological and pathological conditions. Biochem J 1986; 233:249-52. [PMID: 3513758 PMCID: PMC1153011 DOI: 10.1042/bj2330249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Brown-adipose-tissue glucose utilization rate and its insulin-sensitivity were measured in vivo in the anaesthetized rat by a 2-deoxy[1-3H]glucose technique. Glucose utilization can be increased 60-fold by insulin, to reach extremely high rates. Glucose utilization and its insulin-sensitivity are modulated in accordance with physiological or pathological conditions.
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Bazin R, Ricquier D, Dupuy F, Hoover-Plow J, Lavau M. Thermogenic and lipogenic activities in brown adipose tissue of I-strain mice. Biochem J 1985; 231:761-4. [PMID: 4074335 PMCID: PMC1152813 DOI: 10.1042/bj2310761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The thermogenic capacity of brown adipose tissue has been investigated in I-strain mice to determine whether this tissue could play a role in the lower efficiency of food utilization reported in this strain of mice. (1) As compared with C57BL mice (a control strain), interscapular-brown-adipose-tissue weight and lipid percentage were decreased by 40% and 13% respectively in I-strain mice. (2) Mitochondrial protein content and cytochrome c oxidase activity were similar in the two strains, but the number of mitochondrial GDP-binding sites and uncoupling-protein content were increased by 2-fold in I-strain mice. (3) Fatty acid synthetase and citrate-cleavage enzyme (units/mg of protein) were 3-fold higher in the brown adipose tissue of I-strain mice. These results indicate that I-strain mice possess a very active brown adipose tissue. This enhanced capacity of energy dissipation in brown adipose tissue could contribute to the decreased capacity of I-strain mice to store adipose tissue.
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York DA, Al-Baker I. Effect of corticotropin on brown adipose tissue mitochondrial GDP binding in obese rats. Biochem J 1984; 223:263-6. [PMID: 6093769 PMCID: PMC1144289 DOI: 10.1042/bj2230263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Corticotropin stimulated brown adipose tissue mitochondrial GDP binding of young obese rats to the levels seen in lean rats. This effect was attenuated by chronic increases in corticosterone. The stimulatory response to corticotropin was absent from lean rats unless endogenous secretion of corticosterone was prevented.
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