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Malin AJ, Wang Z, Khan D, McKune SL. The Potential Systemic Role of Diet in Dental Caries Development and Arrest: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2024; 16:1463. [PMID: 38794700 PMCID: PMC11124059 DOI: 10.3390/nu16101463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Current conceptualizations of dental caries etiology center primarily on the local role of sugar, starch, or other fermentable carbohydrates on tooth enamel demineralization-a well-established and empirically supported mechanism. However, in addition to this mechanism, studies dating back to the early 1900s point to an important systemic role of diet and nutrition, particularly from pasture-raised animal-source foods (ASF), in dental caries etiology and arrest. Findings from animal and human studies suggest that adherence to a diet high in calcium, phosphorus, fat-soluble vitamins A and D, and antioxidant vitamin C, as well as low in phytates, may contribute to arrest and reversal of dental caries, particularly among children. Furthermore, findings from observational and experimental studies of humans across the life-course suggest that fat-soluble vitamins A, D, and K2 may interact to protect against dental caries progression, even within a diet that regularly contains sugar. While these historic studies have not been revisited in decades, we emphasize the need for them to be reinvestigated and contextualized in the 21st century. Specifically, methodologically rigorous studies are needed to reinvestigate whether historical knowledge of systemic impacts of nutrition on dental health can help to inform current conceptualizations of dental caries etiology, prevention, and arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley J. Malin
- College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (Z.W.); (D.K.); (S.L.M.)
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Zhilin Wang
- College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (Z.W.); (D.K.); (S.L.M.)
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Durdana Khan
- College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (Z.W.); (D.K.); (S.L.M.)
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Sarah L. McKune
- College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (Z.W.); (D.K.); (S.L.M.)
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Burian E, Lenhart N, Greve T, Bodden J, Burian G, Palla B, Probst F, Probst M, Beer M, Folwaczny M, Schwarting J. Detection of caries lesions using a water-sensitive STIR sequence in dental MRI. Sci Rep 2024; 14:663. [PMID: 38182726 PMCID: PMC10770403 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51151-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
In clinical practice, diagnosis of suspected carious lesions is verified by using conventional dental radiography (DR), including panoramic radiography (OPT), bitewing imaging, and dental X-ray. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for caries visualization. Fourteen patients with clinically suspected carious lesions, verified by standardized dental examination including DR and OPT, were imaged with 3D isotropic T2-weighted STIR (short tau inversion recovery) and T1 FFE Black bone sequences. Intensities of dental caries, hard tissue and pulp were measured and calculated as aSNR (apparent signal to noise ratio) and aHTMCNR (apparent hard tissue to muscle contrast to noise ratio) in both sequences. Imaging findings were then correlated to clinical examination results. In STIR as well as in T1 FFE black bone images, aSNR and aHTMCNR was significantly higher in carious lesions than in healthy hard tissue (p < 0.001). Using water-sensitive STIR sequence allowed for detecting significantly lower aSNR and aHTMCNR in carious teeth compared to healthy teeth (p = 0.01). The use of MRI for the detection of caries is a promising imaging technique that may complement clinical exams and traditional imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egon Burian
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Kantonsspital Frauenfeld, Thurgau AG, Frauenfeld, Switzerland.
| | - Nicolas Lenhart
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Tobias Greve
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jannis Bodden
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Gintare Burian
- Department of Prosthodontics, LMU University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Benjamin Palla
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Illinois, Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Florian Probst
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Facial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital LMU Munich, 80337, Munich, Germany
| | - Monika Probst
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Meinrad Beer
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Matthias Folwaczny
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology, LMU University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Julian Schwarting
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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Florea AD, Pop LC, Benea HRC, Tomoaia G, Racz CP, Mocanu A, Dobrota CT, Balint R, Soritau O, Tomoaia-Cotisel M. Remineralization Induced by Biomimetic Hydroxyapatite Toothpastes on Human Enamel. Biomimetics (Basel) 2023; 8:450. [PMID: 37887581 PMCID: PMC10604461 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics8060450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This work aimed to compare the effect of four new toothpastes (P1-P4) based on pure and biomimetic substituted nano-hydroxyapatites (HAPs) on remineralization of human enamel. Artificially demineralized enamel slices were daily treated for ten days with different toothpastes according to the experimental design. Tooth enamel surfaces were investigated using atomic force microscope (AFM) images and surface roughness (Ra) determined before and after treatment. The surface roughness of enamel slices was statistically analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni's multiple comparison test. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) data revealed the HAP structure with crystal sizes between 28 and 33 nm and crystallinity between 29 and 37%. The average size of HAP particles was found to be between 30 and 40 nm. The Ra values indicated that P3 (HAP-Mg-Zn-Sr-Si) toothpaste was the most effective after 10 days of treatment, leading to the lowest mean roughness. The P3 and P2 (HAP) toothpastes were found to be effective in promoting remineralization. Specifically, their effectiveness can be ranked as follows: P3 = P2 > P4 (HAP-Mg-Zn-Si) > P1 (HAP-Zn), considering both the chemical composition and the size of their constitutive nanoparticles. The proposed toothpastes might be used successfully to treat early tooth decay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra-Diana Florea
- Research Center of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai University, 11 Arany Janos Str., 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.-D.F.); (L.C.P.); (C.-P.R.); (A.M.); (C.-T.D.); (R.B.)
| | - Lucian Cristian Pop
- Research Center of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai University, 11 Arany Janos Str., 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.-D.F.); (L.C.P.); (C.-P.R.); (A.M.); (C.-T.D.); (R.B.)
| | - Horea-Rares-Ciprian Benea
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 47 Gen. Traian Mosoiu Str., 400132 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (H.-R.-C.B.); (G.T.)
| | - Gheorghe Tomoaia
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 47 Gen. Traian Mosoiu Str., 400132 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (H.-R.-C.B.); (G.T.)
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, 3 Ilfov Str., 050044 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Csaba-Pal Racz
- Research Center of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai University, 11 Arany Janos Str., 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.-D.F.); (L.C.P.); (C.-P.R.); (A.M.); (C.-T.D.); (R.B.)
| | - Aurora Mocanu
- Research Center of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai University, 11 Arany Janos Str., 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.-D.F.); (L.C.P.); (C.-P.R.); (A.M.); (C.-T.D.); (R.B.)
| | - Cristina-Teodora Dobrota
- Research Center of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai University, 11 Arany Janos Str., 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.-D.F.); (L.C.P.); (C.-P.R.); (A.M.); (C.-T.D.); (R.B.)
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babeş-Bolyai University, 44 Republicii Str., 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Reka Balint
- Research Center of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai University, 11 Arany Janos Str., 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.-D.F.); (L.C.P.); (C.-P.R.); (A.M.); (C.-T.D.); (R.B.)
| | - Olga Soritau
- Oncology Institute of Cluj-Napoca, 34-36 Republicii Str., 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Maria Tomoaia-Cotisel
- Research Center of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai University, 11 Arany Janos Str., 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.-D.F.); (L.C.P.); (C.-P.R.); (A.M.); (C.-T.D.); (R.B.)
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, 3 Ilfov Str., 050044 Bucharest, Romania
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Oral microbiota in cancer: could the bad guy turn good with application of polyphenols? Expert Rev Mol Med 2022; 25:e1. [PMID: 36511134 DOI: 10.1017/erm.2022.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The human oral cavity is comprised of dynamic and polynomial microbes which uniquely reside in the microenvironments of oral cavities. The cumulative functions of the symbiotic microbial communities maintain normal homeostasis; however, a shifted microbiota yields a dysbiosis state, which produces local and systemic diseases including dental caries, periodontitis, cancer, obesity and diabetes. Recent research reports claim that an association occurs between oral dysbiosis and the progression of different types of cancers including oral, gastric and pancreatic ones. Different mechanisms are proposed for the development of cancer, such as induction of inflammatory reactions, production of carcinogenic materials and alteration of the immune system. Medications are available to treat these associated diseases; however, the current strategies may further worsen the disease by unwanted side effects. Natural-derived polyphenol molecules significantly inhibit a wide range of systemic diseases with fewer side effects. In this review, we have displayed the functions of the oral microbes and we have extended the report regarding the role of polyphenols in oral microbiota to maintain healthy conditions and prevention of diseases with emphasis on the treatment of oral microbiota-associated cancer.
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Pitts NB, Longbottom C, Christie A, Vernon B, Bailey G. The Calcivis story - enamel caries activity assessment from technology to practice. Br Dent J 2021; 231:775-780. [PMID: 34921276 PMCID: PMC8683372 DOI: 10.1038/s41415-021-3755-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The Calcivis story is one of innovation and collaboration to deliver new technology capable of helping dentists improve patient care through solving an unmet clinical need in assessing the activity of caries lesions in enamel. Presently, there is no system routinely used in dental practice that can, in a single visit, determine whether a non-cavitated caries lesion is active or not. Calcivis has evolved since 2005, when a potential link between basic science in luminescence and differentiating initial-stage caries lesions that are actively demineralising and likely to progress, from other lesions which are inactive and currently do not need interventive care, was recognised. The 16-year journey has involved clinical academic dentists, scientists and entrepreneurs, general practitioners and their patients, together with serial investors and a core team working to patent, refine, assess and develop products to submit to regulatory approval and take to the international dental market. This journey has been made possible through effective long-term collaborations between disparate groups all sharing a common vision for the possibilities of harnessing new technology to help dental professionals provide better care for their patients. Information about caries activity in non-cavitated lesions is important to help the dental team assess the care needs of both individual tooth surfaces as well as the patient as a whole. Assessing caries activity or inactivity is different from merely detecting the presence or absence of lesions and staging their severity; visual activity assessments of initial-stage lesions are subjective and often unreliable. The Calcivis-developed technology can, for the first time, provide an objective indication of enamel lesion activity related to the release of free calcium from demineralising lesions and a demineralisation map image can communicate the findings to both dentists and patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigel B Pitts
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King´s College London, Tower Wing, Guy´s Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK.
| | - Chris Longbottom
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King´s College London, Tower Wing, Guy´s Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Adam Christie
- Calcivis Ltd, Nine Edinburgh BioQuarter, 9 Little France Road, Edinburgh, EH16 4UX, UK
| | - Bruce Vernon
- Calcivis Ltd, Nine Edinburgh BioQuarter, 9 Little France Road, Edinburgh, EH16 4UX, UK
| | - Graham Bailey
- Calcivis Ltd, Nine Edinburgh BioQuarter, 9 Little France Road, Edinburgh, EH16 4UX, UK
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Oziegbe EO, Schepartz LA. Is parity a cause of tooth loss? Perceptions of northern Nigerian Hausa women. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0226158. [PMID: 31805174 PMCID: PMC6894835 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reproduction affects the general health of women, especially when parity is high. The relationship between parity and oral health is not as clear, although it is a widespread customary belief that pregnancy results in tooth loss. Parity has been associated with tooth loss in some populations, but not in others. It is important to understand the perceptions of women regarding the association between parity and tooth loss as these beliefs may influence health behaviors during the reproductive years. AIM To explore the views of Hausa women regarding the link between parity and tooth loss. METHODS Qualitative data were collected through a grounded theory approach with focus group discussions (FGDs) of high and low parity Hausa women (n = 33) in northern Nigeria. Responses were elicited on the causes of tooth loss, effects of tooth loss on women's quality of life, issues of parity and tooth loss, and cultural beliefs about parity and tooth loss. The data were analyzed thematically using ATLAS-ti. RESULTS Respondents associated tooth loss with vomiting during labor, a condition termed 'payar baka'. Poor oral hygiene, excessive consumption of refined carbohydrates, tooth worm, cancer and ageing were also believed to cause tooth loss. The greatest impacts of tooth loss on the lives of the respondents were esthetic and masticatory changes. CONCLUSION Respondents perceived that parity is indirectly linked to tooth loss, as reflected in their views on the association between vomiting during labor and tooth loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth O. Oziegbe
- Faculty of Dentistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- Human Variation and Identification Research Unit (HVIRU), School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Lynne A. Schepartz
- Human Variation and Identification Research Unit (HVIRU), School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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Abstract
Though cementum of the tooth root is critical for periodontal structure and tooth attachment and function, this tissue was not discovered and characterized on human teeth until a full century later than enamel and dentin. Early observations from the seventeenth to the nineteenth centuries by Marcello Malpighi, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, Robert Blake, Jacques Tenon and Georges Cuvier founded a confusing and conflicting nomenclature that obscured the nature of cementum, often conflating it with bone. Advances in microscopy and histological procedures yielded the first detailed descriptions of human cementum in the 1830s by Jan Purkinje and Anders Retzius, who identified for the first time acellular and cellular types of cementum, and the resident cementocytes embedded in the latter. Comparative anatomy studies by Richard Owen and others over the latter half of the nineteenth century identified coronal and radicular cementum varieties across the Reptilia and Mammalia. The functional importance of cementum was not appreciated until detailed anatomical studies of the periodontium were performed by G.V. Black and others in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. These early studies on cementum laid the foundation for more advanced understanding of cementum ultrastructure, composition, development, physiology, disease, genetics, repair and regeneration throughout the twentieth and into the twenty-first century.
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Affiliation(s)
- B L Foster
- Biosciences Division, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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